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A neural model of vulnerability and resilience to stress-related disorders linked to differential susceptibility. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:514-524. [PMID: 33649455 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01047-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Expert opinion remains divided concerning the impact of putative risk factors on vulnerability to depression and other stress-related disorders. A large body of literature has investigated gene by environment interactions, particularly between the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and negative environments, on the risk for depression. However, fewer studies have simultaneously investigated the outcomes in both negative and positive environments, which could explain some of the inconclusive findings. This is embodied by the concept of differential susceptibility, i.e., the idea that certain common gene polymorphisms, prenatal factors, and traits make some individuals not only disproportionately more susceptible and responsive to negative, vulnerability-promoting environments, but also more sensitive and responsive to positive, resilience-enhancing environmental conditions. Although this concept from the field of developmental psychology is well accepted and supported by behavioral findings, it is striking that its implementation in neuropsychiatric research is limited and that underlying neural mechanisms are virtually unknown. Based on neuroimaging studies that examined how factors mediating differential susceptibility affect brain function, we posit that environmental sensitivity manifests in increased salience network activity, increased salience and default mode network connectivity, and increased salience and central executive network connectivity. These changes in network function may bring about automatic exogenous attention for positive and negative stimuli and flexible attentional set-shifting. We conclude with a call to action; unraveling the neural mechanisms through which differential susceptibility factors mediate vulnerability and resilience may lead us to personalized preventive interventions.
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Rey G, Piguet C, Benders A, Favre S, Eickhoff SB, Aubry JM, Vuilleumier P. Resting-state functional connectivity of emotion regulation networks in euthymic and non-euthymic bipolar disorder patients. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 34:56-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2015.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractBackgroundPrevious functional magnetic resonance imaging studies in bipolar disorder (BD) have evidenced changes in functional connectivity (FC) in brain areas associated with emotion processing, but how these changes vary with mood state and specific clinical symptoms is not fully understood.MethodsWe investigated resting-state FC between a priori regions of interest (ROIs) from the default-mode network and key structures for emotion processing and regulation in 27 BD patients and 27 matched healthy controls. We further compared connectivity patterns in subgroups of 15 euthymic and 12 non-euthymic patients and tested for correlations of the connectivity strength with measures of mood, anxiety, and rumination tendency. No correction for multiple comparisons was applied given the small population sample and pre-defined target ROIs.ResultsOverall, regardless of mood state, BD patients exhibited increased FC of the left amygdala with left sgACC and PCC, relative to controls. In addition, non-euthymic BD patients showed distinctive decrease in FC between right amygdala and sgACC, whereas euthymic patients showed lower FC between PCC and sgACC. Euthymic patients also displayed increased FC between sgACC and right VLPFC. The sgACC–PCC and sgACC–left amygdala connections were modulated by rumination tendency in non-euthymic patients, whereas the sgACC-VLPFC connection was modulated by both the current mood and tendency to ruminate.ConclusionsOur results suggest that sgACC-amygdala coupling is critically affected during mood episodes, and that FC of sgACC play a pivotal role in mood normalization through its interactions with the VLPFC and PCC. However, these preliminary findings require replication with larger samples of patients.
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Vai B, Serretti A, Poletti S, Mascia M, Lorenzi C, Colombo C, Benedetti F. Cortico-limbic functional connectivity mediates the effect of early life stress on suicidality in bipolar depressed 5-HTTLPR*s carriers. J Affect Disord 2020; 263:420-427. [PMID: 31969273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.11.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In bipolar disorder (BD) the risk of suicide in adult life can be influenced by the interaction of adverse childhood experiences with the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR). The cortico-limbic connectivity is a candidate endophenotype for the disorder, also related to suicidality and affected by the 5-HT system. METHODS In 64 (*s carriers = 41; l/l = 23) depressed BD patients, we explored the effect of 5-HTTLPR on corticolimbic functional connectivity (FC) during emotional processing, and the role of FC in moderating/mediating the effect of early stressful events on suicidality among 5-HTTLPR groups, by implementing Generalized Structural Equation Model. RESULTS 5-HTTLPR affects FC between amygdala (Amy) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), temporal pole, putamen/thalamus, and precuneus. The short allele was associated to a more inefficient corticolimbic connectivity. In 5-HTTLPR*s carriers, but not in l/l, the Amy-ACC functional coupling mediated the relationship between stress load and current suicidality. LIMITATIONS Patients were not drug-naive, and the recruitment took place in a single center, thus raising the possibility of population stratifications. The sample size is relatively small, but our findings can provide the background for replication study in independent and larger datasets. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirm the link between the 5-HTT promoter polymorphism and susceptibility to stress in BD, and suggest that cortico-limbic functional connectivity mediates these effects. This pattern could identify a vulnerability factor for the exacerbation of mood episodes after stressful life events particularly relevant in *s carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedetta Vai
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milano, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Serretti
- Department of Biomedical and NeuroMotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sara Poletti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Mattia Mascia
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Lorenzi
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Cristina Colombo
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco Benedetti
- Psychiatry and Clinical Psychobiology, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS Ospedale San Raffaele, Milano, Italy; University Vita-Salute San Raffaele, Milano, Italy
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Yasuno F, Ando D, Yamamoto A, Koshino K, Yokota C. Dendrite complexity of the posterior cingulate cortex as a substrate for recovery from post-stroke depression: A pilot study. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2019; 287:49-55. [PMID: 30978475 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2019.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The neural basis of recovery from a depressive state remains poorly understood. The main purpose of this study was to determine the neural basis of vulnerability/resilience to depression in stroke patients in terms of changes in regional microstructure. The study included 20 individuals with acute ischaemic stroke. Symptoms of depression were assessed, and the intraneurite volume fraction and neurite orientation-dispersion index (ODI) were evaluated by a multi-shell diffusion imaging and neurite-orientation dispersion and density imaging model. Patients underwent follow-up examinations after 2 months and were classified into depression improvement and depression deterioration groups. A significant interaction effect of group × time on the ODI was shown by voxel-based analysis in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). The ODI change in the PCC was negatively correlated with the change in the depression scale scores at the 2-month time point. The increase in ODI in the PCC that occurred during the 2-month interval was thought to be associated with decreased depressive symptom scores. As the ODI represents the pattern of sprawling dendrite progression, our findings indicate that the dendritic complexity of the PCC is a substrate for recovery in individuals who experienced post-stroke psychosocial and biological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan; Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Ando
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihide Yamamoto
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Koshino
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Chiaki Yokota
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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Albert PR, Le François B, Vahid-Ansari F. Genetic, epigenetic and posttranscriptional mechanisms for treatment of major depression: the 5-HT1A receptor gene as a paradigm. J Psychiatry Neurosci 2019; 44:164-176. [PMID: 30807072 PMCID: PMC6488484 DOI: 10.1503/jpn.180209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depression and anxiety are highly prevalent and involve chronic dysregulation of serotonin, but they remain poorly understood. Here, we review novel transcriptional (genetic, epigenetic) and posttranscriptional (microRNA, alternative splicing) mechanisms implicated in mental illness, focusing on a key serotonin-related regulator, the serotonin 1A (5-HT1A) receptor. Functional single-nucleotide polymorphisms and stress-induced DNA methylation of the 5-HT1A promoter converge to differentially alter pre- and postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptor expression associated with major depression and reduced therapeutic response to serotonergic antidepressants. Major depression is also associated with altered levels of splice factors and microRNA, posttranscriptional mechanisms that regulate RNA stability. The human 5-HT1A 3′-untranslated region is alternatively spliced, removing microRNA sites and increasing 5-HT1A expression, which is reduced in major depression and may be genotype-dependent. Thus, the 5-HT1A receptor gene illustrates the convergence of genetic, epigenetic and posttranscriptional mechanisms in gene expression, neurodevelopment and neuroplasticity, and major depression. Understanding gene regulatory mechanisms could enhance the detection, categorization and personalized treatment of major depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul R. Albert
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | - Brice Le François
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
| | - Faranak Vahid-Ansari
- From the Department of Neuroscience, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, UOttawa Brain and Mind Research Institute, Ottawa, Ont., Canada
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6
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Yasuno F, Matsuoka K, Miyasaka T, Takahashi M, Kitamura S, Yoshikawa H, Hattori H, Kichikawa K, Kishimoto T. Decreased perfusion of the posterior cingulate gyri shown by a cingulate island score is a possible marker of vulnerability to behavioural and psychological symptoms of Alzheimer's disease: a pilot study. Psychogeriatrics 2019; 19:165-170. [PMID: 30276946 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cingulate island score (CIScore), which indicates the Z-score ratio of the posterior cingulate gyri to the medial occipital area, has been shown to be useful for differentiating dementia with Lewy bodies from Alzheimer's disease (AD). Our aim was to investigate associations between the clinical symptoms of AD and the CIScore as an index of the relative decrease in perfusion of the posterior cingulate gyri that occurs in the early stages of AD. METHODS Seventeen patients with early-stage AD and 13 patients with amnesic mild cognitive impairment were examined. Z-score maps of technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography images acquired from the patients were converted, and the CIScore was determined by using the easy Z-score imaging system. The relationships between the CIScore and clinical symptom scores were tested. RESULTS A significant correlation was identified between the CIScore and the Neuropsychiatric Inventory Questionnaire score. No significant correlations were identified between the CIScore and other measures of cognitive function. Based on a CIScore of 0.39, we correctly differentiated patients with and without behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD), with a sensitivity of 72.2% and specificity of 75.0%. DISCUSSION Using technetium-99m ethyl cysteinate dimer single-photon emission computed tomography, we observed that decreased posterior cingulate gyri perfusion, relative to the medial occipital area, in prodromal and early AD was closely associated with behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia. Therefore, our findings suggest that CIScore is not only useful for discriminating dementia with Lewy bodies from AD, but it can also be clinically used as a specific indicator of the vulnerability to behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia in the early stages of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | - Masato Takahashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | | | | | - Hideyuki Hattori
- Department of Psychiatry, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
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Silston B, Bassett DS, Mobbs D. How Dynamic Brain Networks Tune Social Behavior in Real Time. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2018; 27:413-421. [PMID: 31467465 DOI: 10.1177/0963721418773362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
During social interaction, the brain has the enormous task of interpreting signals that are fleeting, subtle, contextual, abstract, and often ambiguous. Despite the signal complexity, the human brain has evolved to be highly successful in the social landscape. Here, we propose that the human brain makes sense of noisy dynamic signals through accumulation, integration, and prediction, resulting in a coherent representation of the social world. We propose that successful social interaction is critically dependent on a core set of highly connected hubs that dynamically accumulate and integrate complex social information and, in doing so, facilitate social tuning during moment-to-moment social discourse. Successful interactions, therefore, require adaptive flexibility generated by neural circuits composed of highly integrated hubs that coordinate context-appropriate responses. Adaptive properties of the neural substrate, including predictive and adaptive coding, and neural reuse, along with perceptual, inferential, and motivational inputs, provide the ingredients for pliable, hierarchical predictive models that guide our social interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Danielle S Bassett
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Pennsylvania.,Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania
| | - Dean Mobbs
- Division of the Humanities and Social Sciences, California Institute of Technology
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8
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Singh MK, Leslie SM, Packer MM, Weisman EF, Gotlib IH. Limbic Intrinsic Connectivity in Depressed and High-Risk Youth. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 57:775-785.e3. [PMID: 30274652 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2018.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression runs in families and has been associated with dysfunctional limbic connectivity. Whether aberrant limbic connectivity is a risk factor for or a consequence of depression is unclear. To examine this question, we compared resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) in youth with depressive disorders (DEP), healthy offspring of parents with depression (DEP-risk), and healthy comparison (HC) youth. METHOD Magnetic resonance imaging at rest was acquired from 119 youth, aged 8 to 17 years (DEP, n = 41, DEP-risk, n = 39, and HC, n = 39) and analyzed using seed-based RSFC in bilateral amygdala and nucleus accumbens (NAcc), covarying for age, IQ, and sex. RESULTS We found distinct risk- and disorder-specific patterns of RSFC across groups. DEP-risk and DEP youth shared reduced negative amygdala-right frontal cortex RSFC and reduced positive amygdala-lingual gyrus RSFC compared to HC youth (p < .001). DEP-risk youth had weaker negative amygdala-precuneus RSFC compared to DEP and HC youth (p < .001), suggesting a resilience marker for depression. In contrast, DEP youth had increased positive NAcc-left frontal cortex RSFC and reduced positive NAcc-insula RSFC compared to DEP-risk and HC youth (p < .001), suggestive of disorder-specific features of depression. Greater depression severity was correlated with disorder-specific amygdala and NAcc RSFC (p < .05). CONCLUSION RSFC in the amygdala and NAcc may represent selective disorder- and risk-specific markers in youth with, and at familial risk for, depression. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether these patterns predict long-term clinical outcomes.
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Aghajani M, Klapwijk ET, Colins OF, Ziegler C, Domschke K, Vermeiren RRJM, van der Wee NJA. Interactions Between Oxytocin Receptor Gene Methylation and Callous-Unemotional Traits Impact Socioaffective Brain Systems in Conduct-Disordered Offenders. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:379-391. [PMID: 29628070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2017.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The developmental trajectory of psychopathy seemingly begins early in life and includes the presence of callous-unemotional (CU) traits (e.g., perturbed socioaffective reactivity and empathy, callousness) in youths with conduct disorder (CD). Whereas oxytocin receptor gene methylation (OXTRMeth) and its downstream neuromodulatory effects are deemed relevant to CU traits, nothing is known of how OXTRMeth interacts with CU traits to impact socioaffective brain systems in youngsters with CD. METHODS Hence, we uniquely probed OXTRMeth × CU trait interactions on corticolimbic activity and amygdala subregional connections during recognition and resonance of distressing socioaffective stimuli (angry and fearful faces), in juvenile offenders with CD (n = 39) versus matched healthy control youths (n = 27). RESULTS Relative to healthy control youths, elevated OXTRMeth and CU levels in youths with CD essentially interacted to predict frontoparietal hyperactivity and amygdalo-frontoparietal disconnection during task performance. Specifically, increasing OXTRMeth and CU levels in youths with CD interactively predicted midcingulate hyperactivity during both emotion conditions, with insular, temporoparietal, and precuneal hyperactivity additionally emerging during emotion recognition. Interactions between high OXTRMeth and CU levels in youths with CD additionally predicted centromedial amygdala decoupling from ventromedial/orbitofrontal regions during emotion recognition, along with basolateral amygdala decoupling from precuneal and temporoparietal cortices during emotion resonance. CONCLUSIONS These results uniquely suggest that interactions between OXTRMeth and CU traits in youths with CD may affect brain systems critical to decoding and integrating socioaffective information. Developmental models of CU traits and psychopathy could thus possibly advance by further examining OXTR epigenetic effects, which may hold promise for indicated prevention and personalized treatment by targeting oxytocinergic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moji Aghajani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Eduard T Klapwijk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands; Brain and Development Research Center, Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Christiane Ziegler
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J A van der Wee
- Department of Pschiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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Wrosch JK, Einem VV, Breininger K, Dahlmanns M, Maier A, Kornhuber J, Groemer TW. Rewiring of neuronal networks during synaptic silencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11724. [PMID: 28916806 PMCID: PMC5601899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11729-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Analyzing the connectivity of neuronal networks, based on functional brain imaging data, has yielded new insight into brain circuitry, bringing functional and effective networks into the focus of interest for understanding complex neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, the analysis of network changes, based on the activity of individual neurons, is hindered by the lack of suitable meaningful and reproducible methodologies. Here, we used calcium imaging, statistical spike time analysis and a powerful classification model to reconstruct effective networks of primary rat hippocampal neurons in vitro. This method enables the calculation of network parameters, such as propagation probability, path length, and clustering behavior through the measurement of synaptic activity at the single-cell level, thus providing a fuller understanding of how changes at single synapses translate to an entire population of neurons. We demonstrate that our methodology can detect the known effects of drug-induced neuronal inactivity and can be used to investigate the extensive rewiring processes affecting population-wide connectivity patterns after periods of induced neuronal inactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Katharina Wrosch
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.
| | - Vicky von Einem
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany.,Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katharina Breininger
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Dahlmanns
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Maier
- Pattern Recognition Lab, Department of Computer Science, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Teja Wolfgang Groemer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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Klein M, van Donkelaar M, Verhoef E, Franke B. Imaging genetics in neurodevelopmental psychopathology. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:485-537. [PMID: 29984470 PMCID: PMC7170264 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders are defined by highly heritable problems during development and brain growth. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), and intellectual disability (ID) are frequent neurodevelopmental disorders, with common comorbidity among them. Imaging genetics studies on the role of disease-linked genetic variants on brain structure and function have been performed to unravel the etiology of these disorders. Here, we reviewed imaging genetics literature on these disorders attempting to understand the mechanisms of individual disorders and their clinical overlap. For ADHD and ASD, we selected replicated candidate genes implicated through common genetic variants. For ID, which is mainly caused by rare variants, we included genes for relatively frequent forms of ID occurring comorbid with ADHD or ASD. We reviewed case-control studies and studies of risk variants in healthy individuals. Imaging genetics studies for ADHD were retrieved for SLC6A3/DAT1, DRD2, DRD4, NOS1, and SLC6A4/5HTT. For ASD, studies on CNTNAP2, MET, OXTR, and SLC6A4/5HTT were found. For ID, we reviewed the genes FMR1, TSC1 and TSC2, NF1, and MECP2. Alterations in brain volume, activity, and connectivity were observed. Several findings were consistent across studies, implicating, for example, SLC6A4/5HTT in brain activation and functional connectivity related to emotion regulation. However, many studies had small sample sizes, and hypothesis-based, brain region-specific studies were common. Results from available studies confirm that imaging genetics can provide insight into the link between genes, disease-related behavior, and the brain. However, the field is still in its early stages, and conclusions about shared mechanisms cannot yet be drawn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marieke Klein
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Donkelaar
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ellen Verhoef
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Department of Human Genetics, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud university medical center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Aghajani M, Colins OF, Klapwijk ET, Veer IM, Andershed H, Popma A, van der Wee NJ, Vermeiren RRJM. Dissociable relations between amygdala subregional networks and psychopathy trait dimensions in conduct-disordered juvenile offenders. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 37:4017-4033. [PMID: 27453465 PMCID: PMC5129576 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychopathy is a serious psychiatric phenomenon characterized by a pathological constellation of affective (e.g., callous, unemotional), interpersonal (e.g., manipulative, egocentric), and behavioral (e.g., impulsive, irresponsible) personality traits. Though amygdala subregional defects are suggested in psychopathy, the functionality and connectivity of different amygdala subnuclei is typically disregarded in neurocircuit-level analyses of psychopathic personality. Hence, little is known of how amygdala subregional networks may contribute to psychopathy and its underlying trait assemblies in severely antisocial people. We addressed this important issue by uniquely examining the intrinsic functional connectivity of basolateral (BLA) and centromedial (CMA) amygdala networks in relation to affective, interpersonal, and behavioral traits of psychopathy, in conduct-disordered juveniles with a history of serious delinquency (N = 50, mean age = 16.83 ± 1.32). As predicted, amygdalar connectivity profiles exhibited dissociable relations with different traits of psychopathy. Interpersonal psychopathic traits not only related to increased connectivity of BLA and CMA with a corticostriatal network formation accommodating reward processing, but also predicted stronger CMA connectivity with a network of cortical midline structures supporting sociocognitive processes. In contrast, affective psychopathic traits related to diminished CMA connectivity with a frontolimbic network serving salience processing and affective responding. Finally, behavioral psychopathic traits related to heightened BLA connectivity with a frontoparietal cluster implicated in regulatory executive functioning. We suggest that these trait-specific shifts in amygdalar connectivity could be particularly relevant to the psychopathic phenotype, as they may fuel a self-centered, emotionally cold, and behaviorally disinhibited profile. Hum Brain Mapp 37:4017-4033, 2016. © 2016 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moji Aghajani
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands.
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Olivier F Colins
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
- School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Eduard T Klapwijk
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilya M Veer
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik Andershed
- School of Law, Psychology, and Social Work, Orebro University, Orebro, Sweden
| | - Arne Popma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Faculty of Law, Leiden University, Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nic J van der Wee
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Robert R J M Vermeiren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Curium, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition (LIBC), Leiden, the Netherlands
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13
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Yasuno F, Kazui H, Morita N, Kajimoto K, Ihara M, Taguchi A, Yamamoto A, Matsuoka K, Kosaka J, Kudo T, Iida H, Kishimoto T, Nagatsuka K. High amyloid-β deposition related to depressive symptoms in older individuals with normal cognition: a pilot study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2016; 31:920-8. [PMID: 26766490 DOI: 10.1002/gps.4409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have reported depressive symptoms in the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The objective of this study was to determine whether depressive symptoms are associated with cortical amyloid burden. In order to do this, we measured cortical amyloid via (11) C-labeled Pittsburgh Compound B ([(11) C]PIB) uptake using positron emission tomography (PET) in cognitively normal subjects. METHODS We performed [(11) C]PIB-PET in 29 cognitively normal, older participants. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the 15-item Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). Aβ deposition was quantified by binding potential (BPND ), and the association between cortical mean BPND values and GDS scores was evaluated. Analysis of parametric BPND images was performed to examine the relationship between regional BPND and GDS scores. RESULTS We found a positive correlation between depressive symptoms and mean cortical PIB-BPND in groups of subjects with middle to high PIB-BPND . There was little change in GDS-depression score between subjects with low and middle PIB-BPND levels, while an increase in GDS was shown in the high PIB-BPND group. The main BPND increase was localized to the precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex (PCu/PCC) in subjects with high PIB-BPND , and we found a significant positive relationship between PIB-BPND in this area and depressive symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Emotional dysregulation because of Aβ neuropathology in the PCu/PCC may relate to depressive symptoms. More specifically, we found that older, cognitively normal patients with depressive episodes were more likely to have underlying AD pathology. Thus, depressive symptoms may increase the predictive ability of the identification of future AD cases. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Yasuno
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan.,Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kazui
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Osaka University Medical School, Suita, Japan
| | - Naomi Morita
- Department of Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Katsufumi Kajimoto
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Masafumi Ihara
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Akihiko Taguchi
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan.,Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Institute of Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akihide Yamamoto
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Kiwamu Matsuoka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Jun Kosaka
- Department of Psychiatry, Nara Medical University, Kashihara, Japan
| | - Takashi Kudo
- Department of Psychiatry, Osaka University Health Care Center, Toyonaka, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Iida
- Department of Investigative Radiology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Kazuyuki Nagatsuka
- Department of Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
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14
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Erdoğan SB, Tong Y, Hocke LM, Lindsey KP, deB Frederick B. Correcting for Blood Arrival Time in Global Mean Regression Enhances Functional Connectivity Analysis of Resting State fMRI-BOLD Signals. Front Hum Neurosci 2016; 10:311. [PMID: 27445751 PMCID: PMC4923135 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2016.00311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting state functional connectivity analysis is a widely used method for mapping intrinsic functional organization of the brain. Global signal regression (GSR) is commonly employed for removing systemic global variance from resting state BOLD-fMRI data; however, recent studies have demonstrated that GSR may introduce spurious negative correlations within and between functional networks, calling into question the meaning of anticorrelations reported between some networks. In the present study, we propose that global signal from resting state fMRI is composed primarily of systemic low frequency oscillations (sLFOs) that propagate with cerebral blood circulation throughout the brain. We introduce a novel systemic noise removal strategy for resting state fMRI data, “dynamic global signal regression” (dGSR), which applies a voxel-specific optimal time delay to the global signal prior to regression from voxel-wise time series. We test our hypothesis on two functional systems that are suggested to be intrinsically organized into anticorrelated networks: the default mode network (DMN) and task positive network (TPN). We evaluate the efficacy of dGSR and compare its performance with the conventional “static” global regression (sGSR) method in terms of (i) explaining systemic variance in the data and (ii) enhancing specificity and sensitivity of functional connectivity measures. dGSR increases the amount of BOLD signal variance being modeled and removed relative to sGSR while reducing spurious negative correlations introduced in reference regions by sGSR, and attenuating inflated positive connectivity measures. We conclude that incorporating time delay information for sLFOs into global noise removal strategies is of crucial importance for optimal noise removal from resting state functional connectivity maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinem B Erdoğan
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean HospitalBelmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Yunjie Tong
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean HospitalBelmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Lia M Hocke
- Department of Radiology, University of Calgary Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kimberly P Lindsey
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean HospitalBelmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
| | - Blaise deB Frederick
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean HospitalBelmont, MA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical SchoolBoston, MA, USA
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15
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Hou Z, Jiang W, Yin Y, Zhang Z, Yuan Y. The Current Situation on Major Depressive Disorder in China: Research on Mechanisms and Clinical Practice. Neurosci Bull 2016; 32:389-97. [PMID: 27237579 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-016-0037-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Depression is the most disabling disorder worldwide that accounts for the highest proportion of global burden attributable to mental disorders. Major depressive disorder (MDD) is characterized by deep sadness, reduced energy, vegetative nervous system dysregulation, cognitive dysfunction, and even a high suicidal tendency. Although other treatment choices are available, antidepressant medication is the front-line treatment option for MDD. Regarding clinical efficacy, only ~50% of patients respond to frontline antidepressants, and <33% obtain remission. Currently, objective indexes to guide clinical decisions are still lacking. Furthermore, knowledge about the neurobiological mechanisms underlying discrepant antidepressant outcomes is still also fragmentary. In the present review, we discuss the current research progress and clinical opinions on MDD in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghua Hou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Wenhao Jiang
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yingying Yin
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuropsychiatry, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry, Institute of Psychosomatic Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
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16
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Emotion-Dependent Functional Connectivity of the Default Mode Network in Adolescent Depression. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 78:635-46. [PMID: 25483399 PMCID: PMC4362932 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Revised: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional magnetic resonance imaging research suggests that major depressive disorder (MDD) in both adults and adolescents is marked by aberrant connectivity of the default mode network (DMN) during resting state. However, emotional dysregulation is also a key feature of MDD. No studies to date have examined emotion-related DMN pathology in adolescent depression. Comprehensively understanding the dynamics of DMN connectivity across brain states in individuals with depression with short disease histories could provide insight into the etiology of MDD. METHODS We collected functional magnetic resonance imaging data during an emotion identification task and during resting state from 26 medication-free adolescents (13-17 years old) with MDD and 37 well-matched healthy control subjects. We examined between-group differences in blood oxygenation level-dependent task responses and emotion-dependent and resting-state functional connectivity of the two primary nodes of the DMN: medial prefrontal cortex and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Additionally, we examined between-group differences in DMN functional connectivity and its relationship to depression severity and onset. RESULTS Relative to healthy control subjects, unmedicated adolescents with MDD demonstrated reduced medial prefrontal cortex and PCC emotion-related deactivation and greater medial prefrontal cortex and PCC emotion-dependent functional connectivity with precuneus, cingulate gyrus, and striatum/subcallosal cingulate gyrus. The PCC-subcallosal cingulate connectivity remained inflexibly elevated in the subjects with MDD versus healthy control subjects during resting state. Stronger PCC emotion-dependent functional connectivity was associated with greater depression severity and an earlier age of depression onset. CONCLUSIONS Adolescent depression is associated with inflexibly elevated DMN connections. Given more recent evidence of DMN maturation throughout adolescence, our findings suggest that early-onset depression adversely affects normal development of functional brain networks.
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17
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Benedetti F, Bollettini I, Poletti S, Locatelli C, Lorenzi C, Pirovano A, Smeraldi E, Colombo C. White matter microstructure in bipolar disorder is influenced by the serotonin transporter gene polymorphism 5-HTTLPR. GENES BRAIN AND BEHAVIOR 2015; 14:238-50. [PMID: 25704032 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2014] [Revised: 02/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Benedetti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo); University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano Italy
| | - I. Bollettini
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo); University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano Italy
| | - S. Poletti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo); University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano Italy
| | - C. Locatelli
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo); University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano Italy
| | - C. Lorenzi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
| | - A. Pirovano
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
| | - E. Smeraldi
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
- C.E.R.M.A.C. (Centro di Eccellenza Risonanza Magnetica ad Alto Campo); University Vita-Salute San Raffaele; Milano Italy
| | - C. Colombo
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Scientific Institute; Milano Italy
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18
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Luo S, Ma Y, Liu Y, Li B, Wang C, Shi Z, Li X, Zhang W, Rao Y, Han S. Interaction between oxytocin receptor polymorphism and interdependent culture values on human empathy. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2015; 10:1273-81. [PMID: 25680993 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nsv019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence suggests that the association between oxytocin receptor polymorphism (OXTR rs53576) and emotion-related behavioral/psychological tendencies differs between individuals from East Asian and Western cultures. What remains unresolved is which specific dimension of cultural orientations interacts with OXTR rs53576 to shape these tendencies and whether such gene × culture interactions occurs at both behavioral and neural level. This study investigated whether and how OXTR rs53576 interacts with interdependence-a key dimension of cultural orientations that distinguish between East Asian and Western cultures-to affect human empathy that underlies altruistic motivation and prosocial behavior. Experiment 1 measured interdependence, empathy trait and OXTR rs53576 genotypes of 1536 Chinese participants. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed a stronger association between interdependence and empathy trait in G allele carriers compared with A/A homozygotes of OXTR rs53576. Experiment 2 measured neural responses to others' suffering by scanning A/A and G/G homozygous of OXTR rs53576 using functional magnetic resonance imaging. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed stronger associations between interdependence and empathic neural responses in the insula, amygdala and superior temporal gyrus in G/G compared with A/A carriers. Our results provide the first evidence for gene × culture interactions on empathy at both behavioral tendency and underlying brain activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyang Luo
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
| | - Yina Ma
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
| | - Yi Liu
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
| | - Bingfeng Li
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Chenbo Wang
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
| | - Zhenhao Shi
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
| | - Xiaoyang Li
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
| | - Wenxia Zhang
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Rao
- PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences at School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shihui Han
- Department of Psychology, PKU-IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, and
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19
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Hamm LL, Jacobs RH, Johnson MW, Fitzgerald DA, Fitzgerald KD, Langenecker SA, Monk CS, Phan KL. Aberrant amygdala functional connectivity at rest in pediatric anxiety disorders. BIOLOGY OF MOOD & ANXIETY DISORDERS 2014; 4:15. [PMID: 25530842 PMCID: PMC4272798 DOI: 10.1186/s13587-014-0015-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood onset of anxiety disorders is associated with greater functional impairment and burden across the lifespan. Recent work suggests that generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is characterized by dysfunctional connectivity in amygdala-based circuits at rest in adolescents, consistent with adults. However, neural mechanisms underlying a broad spectrum of often-comorbid anxiety disorders in children remains unclear and understudied. The current study examines amygdala functional connectivity at rest in children and adolescents across comorbid anxiety disorders (ADs) including youth with primary diagnoses of GAD and social phobia (SP). RESULTS Compared with healthy controls (HCs), AD youth exhibited hyperconnectivity between the right amygdala and the insula and hypoconnectivity between the left amygdala and the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Within the AD group, connectivity was not correlated with anxiety severity and only the amygdala-PCC connectivity was positively correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that youth with comorbid ADs demonstrate aberrant connectivity in the anterior limbic network (ALN) as well as the PCC at rest. This extends upon previous work suggesting alterations in amygdala circuits underlying fear learning, emotion regulation, and the processing of interoceptive states. Presence of these findings within this young, comorbid sample points to underlying common mechanisms across ADs and illuminates future targets for prevention and intervention in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa L Hamm
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, IJR/WROB Rm. 244, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | - Rachel H Jacobs
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, IJR/WROB Rm. 244, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | - Meghan W Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, IJR/WROB Rm. 244, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | - Daniel A Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, IJR/WROB Rm. 244, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | - Kate D Fitzgerald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, IJR/WROB Rm. 244, Chicago, IL 60608 USA
| | - Christopher S Monk
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA
| | - K Luan Phan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1747 W. Roosevelt Road, IJR/WROB Rm. 244, Chicago, IL 60608 USA ; Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan USA ; Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA ; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois USA
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20
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Shao Y, Lei Y, Wang L, Zhai T, Jin X, Ni W, Yang Y, Tan S, Wen B, Ye E, Yang Z. Altered resting-state amygdala functional connectivity after 36 hours of total sleep deprivation. PLoS One 2014; 9:e112222. [PMID: 25372882 PMCID: PMC4221616 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0112222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Recent neuroimaging studies have identified a potentially critical role of the amygdala in disrupted emotion neurocircuitry in individuals after total sleep deprivation (TSD). However, connectivity between the amygdala and cerebral cortex due to TSD remains to be elucidated. In this study, we used resting-state functional MRI (fMRI) to investigate the functional connectivity changes of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) and centromedial amygdala (CMA) in the brain after 36 h of TSD. Materials and Methods Fourteen healthy adult men aged 25.9±2.3 years (range, 18–28 years) were enrolled in a within-subject crossover study. Using the BLA and CMA as separate seed regions, we examined resting-state functional connectivity with fMRI during rested wakefulness (RW) and after 36 h of TSD. Results TSD resulted in a significant decrease in the functional connectivity between the BLA and several executive control regions (left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex [DLPFC], right dorsal anterior cingulate cortex [ACC], right inferior frontal gyrus [IFG]). Increased functional connectivity was found between the BLA and areas including the left posterior cingulate cortex/precuneus (PCC/PrCu) and right parahippocampal gyrus. With regard to CMA, increased functional connectivity was observed with the rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) and right precentral gyrus. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that disturbance in amygdala related circuits may contribute to TSD psychophysiology and suggest that functional connectivity studies of the amygdala during the resting state may be used to discern aberrant patterns of coupling within these circuits after TSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongcong Shao
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yu Lei
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Lubin Wang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tianye Zhai
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiao Jin
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wei Ni
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Yue Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuwen Tan
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Wen
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Enmao Ye
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (EY); (ZY)
| | - Zheng Yang
- Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Cognitive and Mental Health Research Center, Beijing, PR China
- * E-mail: (EY); (ZY)
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21
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Puglisi-Allegra S, Andolina D. Serotonin and stress coping. Behav Brain Res 2014; 277:58-67. [PMID: 25108244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2014.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Coping is the necessary outcome of any stressful situation and the major determinant of stress resilience. Coping strategies can be divided into two broad categories, based on the presence (active) or absence (passive) of attempts to act upon the stressor. The role of brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) in coping behavior that is emerging from studies in animals and humans is the subject of this article. We have focused attention on studies that consider the coping behavior exhibited when the individual is faced with a new stressful experience. Coping styles characterize different species with different evolutionary histories, from fishes to mammals, and evidence shows that serotonin transmission in the central nervous system, with differences in transporter, receptor types and hormone or neurotransmitter influences is critical in determining coping behavior. Moreover, a major role of environmental challenges throughout the lifespan affects brain systems that control coping outcomes through 5-HT transmission. In particular early experiences, for their long-term effects in adulthood, and social experiences throughout the life span, for the effects on serotonin functioning, received attention in preclinical research because of their parallelism in humans and animals. Based on growing evidence pointing to a medial prefrontal cortex-amygdala system in mediating adaptive and maladaptive stress responses, we propose a brain circuit in which serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe depending on the CRF (corticotropin releasing factor) regulatory action engage a prefrontal cortical-amygdala pathway through 5-HT1A receptors, GABA and Glutamate to moderate coping behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Puglisi-Allegra
- Dipartimento di Psicologia and Centro "Daniel Bovet," Sapienza Università di Roma, via dei Marsi 78, 00185 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy.
| | - Diego Andolina
- Fondazione Santa Lucia, IRCCS, via del Fosso di Fiorano 65, 00143 Rome, Italy; Dipartimento di scienze cliniche applicate e biotecnologie Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, via Vetoio, 67010 Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
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22
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Functional genetic variation in the serotonin 5-HTTLPR modulates brain damage in frontotemporal dementia. Neurobiol Aging 2014; 36:446-51. [PMID: 25128279 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2014.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In frontotemporal dementia (FTD), nonmodifiable (genetic background) and modifiable (cognitive reserve [CR]) factors might interact in affecting frontotemporal damage. Serotoninergic dysfunction has been suggested as a key factor in FTD pathogenesis. 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on SCLA4 gene modulates the serotoninergic transmission. To evaluate the impact of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism on regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and its possible interaction with CR, 76 FTD patients with a 5-HTTLPR genotyping were recruited. All subjects underwent neuropsychological assessment and single-photon emission computed tomography imaging. Reserve index (RI) was computed from educational and occupational attainments, as proxy measure of CR. 5-HTTLPR analysis evidenced 14 S/S, 24 L/L, and 38 S/L carriers. No neuropsychological/behavioral differences were present. At the same disease stage, L/L carriers have a greater bilateral frontal rCBF decrease. Patients with higher RI had greater damage in right frontal and temporal regions. The additive effect of 5-HTTLPR polymorphism and RI was characterized by greater frontal rCBF deficit. 5-HTTLPR and CR act together to counteract brain pathology in FTD. Further studies are warranted to test the serotonin role in monogenic forms of FTD.
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Vicario CM. Aggression traits in youth psychopathy: the key role of serotonin. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:25. [PMID: 24672490 PMCID: PMC3955848 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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