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Iglesias-Carrasco C, de-la-Casa-Almeida M, Suárez-Serrano C, Benítez-Lugo ML, Medrano-Sánchez EM. Efficacy of Therapeutic Exercise in Reducing Pain in Instrumental Musicians: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1340. [PMID: 38998874 PMCID: PMC11241052 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12131340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Playing-related pain poses a significant health concern for musicians, often impacting their ability to perform. Therapeutic exercise emerges as a viable approach to alleviate these symptoms, offering a low-cost intervention with minimal side effects. This review seeks to examine and assess the efficacy of therapeutic exercise in reducing pain intensity among instrumental musicians. Three major databases (PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus) were systematically searched from November 2023 to June 2024. The inclusion criteria required studies to be randomized clinical trials focusing on pain intensity in instrumental musicians, published in the last 10 years. Two independent researchers assessed the characteristics and methodological quality of the selected studies. Out of 305 identified studies, 15 underwent full-text reviews, with 5 ultimately included in the analysis. The total participant count was 273, with an average intervention duration of 32.5 min per session, twice weekly for eight weeks. Overall, therapeutic exercise interventions demonstrated favorable effects, with three studies exhibiting good methodological quality. The meta-analysis revealed significant positive results favoring exercise in reducing pain intensity, with positive responses observed across all clinical populations, so therapeutic exercise appears to be an effective approach for reducing pain intensity in musicians experiencing playing-related pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Iglesias-Carrasco
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 6, Avenzoar St., 41009 Sevilla, Spain;
| | - María de-la-Casa-Almeida
- Research Group CTS305, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 6, Avenzoar St., 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
| | - Carmen Suárez-Serrano
- Research Group CTS305, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 6, Avenzoar St., 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
| | - Maria-Luisa Benítez-Lugo
- Research Group CTS305, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 6, Avenzoar St., 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
| | - Esther M. Medrano-Sánchez
- Research Group CTS305, Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Nursing, Physical Therapy and Podiatry, Universidad de Sevilla, 6, Avenzoar St., 41009 Sevilla, Spain; (C.S.-S.); (M.-L.B.-L.)
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2
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Chmiel J, Malinowska A, Rybakowski F, Leszek J. The Effectiveness of Mindfulness in the Treatment of Methamphetamine Addiction Symptoms: Does Neuroplasticity Play a Role? Brain Sci 2024; 14:320. [PMID: 38671972 PMCID: PMC11047954 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14040320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Methamphetamine is a highly stimulating psychoactive drug that causes life-threatening addictions and affects millions of people around the world. Its effects on the brain are complex and include disturbances in the neurotransmitter systems and neurotoxicity. There are several known treatment methods, but their effectiveness is moderate. It must be emphasised that no drugs have been approved for treatment. For this reason, there is an urgent need to develop new, effective, and safe treatments for methamphetamine. One of the potential treatments is mindfulness meditation. In recent years, this technique has been researched extensively in the context of many neurological and psychiatric disorders. METHODS This review explores the use of mindfulness in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. Searches were conducted in the PubMed/Medline, Research Gate, and Cochrane databases. RESULTS Ten studies were identified that used mindfulness-based interventions in the treatment of methamphetamine addiction. The results show that mindfulness is an effective form of reducing hunger, risk of relapses, stress indicators, depression, and aggression, alone or in combination with transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Mindfulness also improved the cognitive function in addicts. The included studies used only behavioural measures. The potential mechanisms of mindfulness in addiction were explained, and it was proposed that it can induce neuroplasticity, alleviating the symptoms of addiction. CONCLUSIONS Evidence from the studies suggest that mindfulness may be an effective treatment option for methamphetamine addiction, used alone or in combination with tDCS. However, further high-quality research is required to establish the role of this treatment option in this field. The use of neuroimaging and neurophysiological measures is fundamental to understand the mechanisms of mindfulness.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Chmiel
- Institute of Neurofeedback and tDCS Poland, 70-393 Szczecin, Poland
| | | | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 61-701 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Department and Clinic of Psychiatry, Wrocław Medical University, 54-235 Wrocław, Poland
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3
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Wilkerson GB, Fleming LR, Adams VP, Petty RJ, Carlson LM, Hogg JA, Acocello SN. Assessment and Training of Perceptual-Motor Function: Performance of College Wrestlers Associated with History of Concussion. Brain Sci 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38248283 PMCID: PMC10813796 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci14010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Concussion may affect sport performance capabilities related to the visual perception of environmental events, rapid decision-making, and the generation of effective movement responses. Immersive virtual reality (VR) offers a means to quantify, and potentially enhance, the speed, accuracy, and consistency of responses generated by integrated neural processes. A cohort of 24 NCAA Division I male wrestlers completed VR assessments before and after a 3-week VR training program designed to improve their perceptual-motor performance. Prior to training, the intra-individual variability (IIV) among 40 successive task trials for perceptual latency (i.e., time elapsed between visual stimulus presentation and the initiation of movement response) demonstrated strong discrimination between 10 wrestlers who self-reported a history of concussion from 14 wrestlers who denied ever having sustained a concussion (Area Under Curve ≥ 0.750 for neck, arm, and step movements). Natural log transformation improved the distribution normality of the IIV values for both perceptual latency and response time (i.e., time elapsed between visual stimulus presentation and the completion of movement response). The repeated measures ANOVA results demonstrated statistically significant (p < 0.05) pre- and post-training differences between groups for the IIV in perceptual latency and the IIV in response time for neck, arm, and step movements. Five of the six IIV metrics demonstrated a statistically significant magnitude of change for both groups, with large effect sizes. We conclude that a VR assessment can detect impairments in perceptual-motor performance among college wrestlers with a history of concussion. Although significant post-training group differences were evident, VR training can yield significant performance improvements in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary B. Wilkerson
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA; (L.M.C.); (J.A.H.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Lexi R. Fleming
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, TN 37752, USA;
| | - Victoria P. Adams
- Sports Medicine Outreach Program, Piedmont Physicians Athens Regional Medical Center, Watkinsville, GA 30677, USA;
| | - Richard J. Petty
- Department of Intercollegiate Athletics, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA;
| | - Lynette M. Carlson
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA; (L.M.C.); (J.A.H.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Jennifer A. Hogg
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA; (L.M.C.); (J.A.H.); (S.N.A.)
| | - Shellie N. Acocello
- Department of Health & Human Performance, University of Tennessee at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, TN 37403, USA; (L.M.C.); (J.A.H.); (S.N.A.)
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Stee W, Legouhy A, Guerreri M, Villemonteix T, Zhang H, Peigneux P. Microstructural dynamics of motor learning and sleep-dependent consolidation: A diffusion imaging study. iScience 2023; 26:108426. [PMID: 38058306 PMCID: PMC10696465 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.108426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory consolidation can benefit from post-learning sleep, eventually leading to long-term microstructural brain modifications to accommodate new memory representations. Non-invasive diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) allows the observation of (micro)structural brain remodeling after time-limited motor learning. Here, we combine conventional diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) that allows modeling dendritic and axonal complexity in gray matter to investigate with improved specificity the microstructural brain mechanisms underlying time- and sleep-dependent motor memory consolidation dynamics. Sixty-one young healthy adults underwent four DWI sessions, two sequential motor trainings, and a night of total sleep deprivation or regular sleep distributed over five days. We observed rapid-motor-learning-related remodeling in occipitoparietal, temporal, and motor-related subcortical regions, reflecting temporary dynamics in learning-related neuronal brain plasticity processes. Sleep-related consolidation seems not to exert a detectable impact on diffusion parameters, at least on the timescale of a few days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Whitney Stee
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
| | - Antoine Legouhy
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Michele Guerreri
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Thomas Villemonteix
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- Laboratoire Psychopathologie et Processus de Changement, Paris-Lumières University, Saint-Denis, France
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science & Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Philippe Peigneux
- UR2NF-Neuropsychology and Functional Neuroimaging Research Unit affiliated at CRCN – Centre for Research in Cognition and Neurosciences and UNI - ULB Neuroscience Institute, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- GIGA - Cyclotron Research Centre - In Vivo Imaging, University of Liège (ULiège), Liège, Belgium
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Chang F, Huo Y, Zhang S, Zeng H, Tang B. The impact of boarding schools on the development of cognitive and non-cognitive abilities in adolescents. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:1852. [PMID: 37742020 PMCID: PMC10517520 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16748-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since China adopted a policy to eliminate rural learning centers, boarding has become an important feature of the current rural student community. However, there is a lack of consensus on the impact of boarding schools on students' cognitive and non-cognitive development. This study investigates the effect of boarding schools on the development of cognitive and non-cognitive abilities of junior high school students in rural northwest China. METHODS Using a sample of 5,660 seventh-grade students from 160 rural junior high schools across 19 counties, we identify a causal relationship between boarding and student abilities with the instrumental variables (IV) approach. RESULTS The results suggest that boarding positively influences memory and attention, while it has no significant effect on other cognitive abilities such as reasoning, transcription speed, and accuracy. Furthermore, we find no significant association between boarding and the development of non-cognitive skills. CONCLUSIONS Given the widespread prevalence of boarding schools in rural regions, our study highlights the growing importance of improving school management to promote the development of students' cognitive abilities and integrating the development of non-cognitive or social-emotional abilities into students' daily routines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chang
- Center of Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Province, No. 620 West Chang’an Street, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Yanan Huo
- Center of Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Province, No. 620 West Chang’an Street, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Songyan Zhang
- Center of Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Province, No. 620 West Chang’an Street, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Hang Zeng
- Center of Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Province, No. 620 West Chang’an Street, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119 China
| | - Bin Tang
- Center of Experimental Economics in Education, Shaanxi Normal University Shaanxi Province, No. 620 West Chang’an Street, Chang’an District, Xi’an, 710119 China
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Harahap HS, Ferdiana A, Mahardika A, Hunaifi I, Putri SA. Higher education level as a protective factor against executive dysfunction in patients with epilepsy in Mataram, Indonesia. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 232:107886. [PMID: 37451091 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since the concept of cognitive reserve is applicable in epilepsy-associated cognitive impairment, the role of cognitive reserve components as a protective factor against epilepsy-associated executive dysfunction needs further investigation. This study aimed at investigating the association between cognitive reserve components and the frequency of epilepsy-associated executive dysfunction in Mataram, Indonesia. METHODS This case-control study involved both epilepsy outpatient and healthy participants recruited consecutively in 5 hospitals in Mataram, between October 2021 and September 2022. Data on sociodemographic, cognitive reserve components, and executive function status were collected from both groups, while data on seizure were collected only from epilepsy participants. The association between cognitive reserve components and the frequency of epilepsy-associated executive dysfunction was tested using logistic regression. RESULTS A total of 119 epilepsy patients and 93 healthy participants were recruited. The frequency of epilepsy-associated executive dysfunction was 50.4%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher education level was the only cognitive reserve component protective against epilepsy-associated executive dysfunction (odds ratio [OR]: 3.36; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.33 - 8.50). CONCLUSION A high frequency of epilepsy-associated executive dysfunction was observed in Mataram. Higher education level was a cognitive reserve component protective against executive dysfunction in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Astri Ferdiana
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Agustine Mahardika
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Indonesia
| | - Ilsa Hunaifi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Mataram, Indonesia
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De Luca R, Bonanno M, Rifici C, Quartarone A, Calabrò RS. Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction: a scoping review of assessment and rehabilitation approaches. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1193406. [PMID: 37521284 PMCID: PMC10374209 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1193406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic Olfactory Dysfunction (PTOD) consists of a complete or partial loss of olfactory function that may occur after a traumatic brain injury (TBI). PTOD may be linked to some neuropsychiatric features, such as social, cognitive and executive dysfunction, as well as behavioral symptoms, especially when TBI involves the orbito-frontal cortex. The diagnosis of PTOD is based on medical history and clinical data and it is supported by psychometric tests (i.e., subjective tools) as well as electrophysiological and neuroimaging measures (i.e., objective methods). The assessment methods allow monitoring the changes in olfactory function over time and help to establish the right therapeutic and rehabilitative approach. In this context, the use of the olfactory training (OT), which is a non-pharmacological and non-invasive treatment option, could promote olfactory function through top-down (central) and bottom-up (peripheral) processes. To better manage patients with TBI, PTOD should be detected early and properly treated using the various therapeutic rehabilitative possibilities, both conventional and advanced, also taking into consideration the emerging neuromodulation approach.
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8
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Watanabe K, Kokubun K, Yamakawa Y. Altered Grey Matter-Brain Healthcare Quotient: Interventions of Olfactory Training and Learning of Neuroplasticity. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13030667. [PMID: 36983823 PMCID: PMC10052964 DOI: 10.3390/life13030667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent studies revealed that grey matter (GM) changes due to various training and learning experiences, using magnetic resonance imaging. In this study, we investigate the effect of psychological characteristics and attitudes toward training and learning on GM changes. Ninety participants were recruited and distributed into three groups: an olfactory training group that underwent 40 olfactory training sessions designed for odour classification tasks, a group classified for learning of neuroplasticity and brain healthcare using a TED Talk video and 28 daily brain healthcare messages, and a control group. Further, we assessed psychological characteristics, such as curiosity and personal growth initiatives. In the olfactory training group, we conducted a questionnaire survey on olfactory training regarding their interests and sense of accomplishment. In the olfactory training group, the GM change was significantly correlated with the sense of achievement and interest in training. The learning of neuroplasticity and brain healthcare group showed a significantly smaller 2-month GM decline than did the control group. The Curiosity and Exploration Inventory-II scores were significantly correlated with GM changes in both intervention groups only. In conclusion, our result suggested that training or learning with a sense of accomplishment, interest, and curiosity would lead to greater GM changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Watanabe
- Institution of Open Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Correspondence:
| | - Keisuke Kokubun
- Smart-Aging Research Center, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Yamakawa
- Institution of Open Innovation, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
- Institute of Innovative Research, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo 152-8550, Japan
- Academic and Industrial Innovation, Kobe University, Kobe 657-8501, Japan
- ImPACT Program of Council for Science, Technology, and Innovation (Cabinet Office, Government of Japan), Tokyo 100-8914, Japan
- BRAIN IMPACT General Incorporated Association, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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9
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Gupta U, Baig S, Majid A, Bell SM. The neurology of space flight; How does space flight effect the human nervous system? LIFE SCIENCES IN SPACE RESEARCH 2023; 36:105-115. [PMID: 36682819 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE AND HYPOTHESIS Advancements in technology, human adaptability, and funding have increased space exploration and in turn commercial spaceflight. Corporations such as Space X and Blue Origin are exploring methods to make space tourism possible. This could lead to an increase in the number of patients presenting with neurological diseases associated with spaceflight. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of spaceflight stressors is required to manage neurological disease in high-risk individuals. OBJECTIVES This review aims to describe the neurological effects of spaceflight and to assess countermeasures such as pre-flight prophylaxis, training, and possible therapeutics to reduce long-term effects. METHODOLOGY A literature search was performed for experimental studies conducted in astronauts and in animal models that simulated the space environment. Many studies, however, only discussed these with scientific reasoning and did not include any experimental methods. Relevant studies were identified through searching research databases such as PubMed and Google Scholar. No inclusion or exclusion criteria were used. FINDINGS Analysis of these studies provided a holistic understanding of the acute and chronic neurological changes that occur during space flight. Astronauts are exposed to hazards that include microgravity, cosmic radiation, hypercapnia, isolation, confinement and disrupted circadian rhythms. Microgravity, the absence of a gravitational force, is linked to disturbances in the vestibular system, intracranial and intraocular pressures. Furthermore, microgravity affects near field vision as part of the spaceflight-associated neuro-ocular syndrome. Exposure to cosmic radiation can increase the risk of neurodegenerative conditions and malignancies. It is estimated that cosmic radiation has significantly higher ionising capabilities than the ionising radiation used in medicine. Space travel also has potential benefits to the nervous system, including psychological development and effects on learning and memory. Future work needs to focus on how we can compare a current astronaut to a future space tourist. Potentially the physiological and psychological stresses of space flight might lead to neurological complications in future space travellers that do not have the physiological reserve of current astronauts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Gupta
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield and S10 2HQ, United Kingdom
| | - Sheharyar Baig
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield and S10 2HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Arshad Majid
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield and S10 2HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Simon M Bell
- Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience (SITraN), University of Sheffield, 385a Glossop Road, Sheffield and S10 2HQ, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Neurology, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, Glossop Road, Sheffield, United Kingdom.
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10
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Paul KI, Mueller K, Rousseau PN, Glathe A, Taatgen NA, Cnossen F, Lanzer P, Villringer A, Steele CJ. Visuo-motor transformations in the intraparietal sulcus mediate the acquisition of endovascular medical skill. Neuroimage 2023; 266:119781. [PMID: 36529202 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Performing endovascular medical interventions safely and efficiently requires a diverse set of skills that need to be practised in dedicated training sessions. Here, we used multimodal magnetic resonance (MR) imaging to determine the structural and functional plasticity and core skills associated with skill acquisition. A training group learned to perform a simulator-based endovascular procedure, while a control group performed a simplified version of the task; multimodal MR images were acquired before and after training. Using a well-controlled interaction design, we found strong multimodal evidence for the role of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) in endovascular skill acquisition that is in line with previous work implicating the structure in visuospatial transformations including simple visuo-motor and mental rotation tasks. Our results provide a unique window into the multimodal nature of rapid structural and functional plasticity of the human brain while learning a multifaceted and complex clinical skill. Further, our results provide a detailed description of the plasticity process associated with endovascular skill acquisition and highlight specific facets of skills that could enhance current medical pedagogy and be useful to explicitly target during clinical resident training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja I Paul
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany; Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Karsten Mueller
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Neurology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Annegret Glathe
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Niels A Taatgen
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Fokie Cnossen
- Department of Neurology, Max-Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Lanzer
- Mitteldeutsches Herzzentrum, Health Care Center Bitterfeld-Wolfen GmbH, Bitterfeld-Wolfen, Germany
| | - Arno Villringer
- Day Clinic for Cognitive Neurology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig, Germany; Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin; Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Center for Stroke Research Berlin, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher J Steele
- Bernoulli Institute for Mathematics, Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Groningen, The Netherlands; Department of Psychology, Concordia University, Montreal, Canada
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Kodama M, Iwama S, Morishige M, Ushiba J. Thirty-minute motor imagery exercise aided by EEG sensorimotor rhythm neurofeedback enhances morphing of sensorimotor cortices: a double-blind sham-controlled study. Cereb Cortex 2023:6967448. [PMID: 36600612 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurofeedback training using electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) combined with mental rehearsals of motor behavior has demonstrated successful self-regulation of motor cortical excitability. However, it remains unclear whether the acquisition of skills to voluntarily control neural excitability is accompanied by structural plasticity boosted by neurofeedback. Here, we sought short-term changes in cortical structures induced by 30 min of BCI-based neurofeedback training, which aimed at the regulation of sensorimotor rhythm (SMR) in scalp EEG. When participants performed kinesthetic motor imagery of right finger movement with online feedback of either event-related desynchronisation (ERD) of SMR magnitude from the contralateral sensorimotor cortex (SM1) or those from other participants (i.e. placebo), the learning rate of SMR-ERD control was significantly different. Although overlapped structural changes in gray matter volumes were found in both groups, significant differences revealed by group-by-group comparison were spatially different; whereas the veritable neurofeedback group exhibited sensorimotor area-specific changes, the placebo exhibited spatially distributed changes. The white matter change indicated a significant decrease in the corpus callosum in the verum group. Furthermore, the learning rate of SMR regulation was correlated with the volume changes in the ipsilateral SM1, suggesting the involvement of interhemispheric motor control circuitries in BCI control tasks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Kodama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa 108-0073, Japan
| | - Seitaro Iwama
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa 108-0073, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo 102-0082, Japan
| | - Masumi Morishige
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa 108-0073, Japan
| | - Junichi Ushiba
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Kanagawa 108-0073, Japan
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Perspectives on the Molecular Mediators of Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Strategies in the Context of Neuroprotection and Neurolongevity: An Extensive Review. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7743705. [PMID: 36062188 PMCID: PMC9439934 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7743705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Molecules with at least one unpaired electron in their outermost shell are known as free radicals. Free radical molecules are produced either within our bodies or by external sources such as ozone, cigarette smoking, X-rays, industrial chemicals, and air pollution. Disruption of normal cellular homeostasis by redox signaling may result in cardiovascular, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Although ROS (reactive oxygen species) are formed in the GI tract, little is known about how they contribute to pathophysiology and disease etiology. When reactive oxygen species and antioxidants are in imbalance in our bodies, they can cause cell structure damage, neurodegenerative diseases, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, atherosclerosis, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, metabolic disorders, and other obesity-related disorders, as well as protein misfolding, mitochondrial dysfunction, glial cell activation, and subsequent cellular apoptosis. Neuron cells are gradually destroyed in neurodegenerative diseases. The production of inappropriately aggregated proteins is strongly linked to oxidative stress. This review's goal is to provide as much information as possible about the numerous neurodegenerative illnesses linked to oxidative stress. The possibilities of multimodal and neuroprotective therapy in human illness, using already accessible medications and demonstrating neuroprotective promise in animal models, are highlighted. Neuroprotection and neurolongevity may improve from the use of bioactive substances from medicinal herbs like Allium stadium, Celastrus paniculatus, and Centella asiatica. Many neuroprotective drugs' possible role has been addressed. Preventing neuroinflammation has been demonstrated in several animal models.
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13
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Research on Top Archer’s EEG Microstates and Source Analysis in Different States. Brain Sci 2022; 12:brainsci12081017. [PMID: 36009079 PMCID: PMC9405655 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci12081017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The electroencephalograph (EEG) microstate is a method used to describe the characteristics of the EEG signal through the brain scalp electrode potential’s spatial distribution; as such, it reflects the changes in the brain’s functional state. The EEGs of 13 elite archers from China’s national archery team and 13 expert archers from China’s provincial archery team were recorded under the alpha rhythm during the resting state (with closed eyes) and during archery aiming. By analyzing the differences between the EEG microstate parameters and the correlation between these parameters with archery performance, as well as by combining our findings through standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography source analysis (sLORETA), we explored the changes in the neural activity of professional archers of different levels, under different states. The results of the resting state study demonstrated that the duration, occurrence, and coverage in microstate D of elite archers were significantly higher than those of expert archers and that their other microstates had the greatest probability of transferring to microstate D. During the archery aiming state, the average transition probability of the other microstates transferring to microstate in the left temporal region was the highest observed in the two groups of archers. Moreover, there was a significant negative correlation between the duration and coverage of microstates in the frontal region of elite archers and their archery performance. Our findings indicate that elite archers are more active in the dorsal attention system and demonstrate a higher neural efficiency during the resting state. When aiming, professional archers experience an activation of brain regions associated with archery by suppressing brain regions unrelated to archery tasks. These findings provide a novel theoretical basis for the study of EEG microstate dynamics in archery and related cognitive motor tasks, particularly from the perspective of the subject’s mental state.
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Hankinson K, Shaykevich A, Vallence AM, Rodger J, Rosenberg M, Etherton-Beer C. A Tailored Music-Motor Therapy and Real-Time Biofeedback Mobile Phone App (‘GotRhythm’) to Promote Rehabilitation Following Stroke: A Pilot Study. Neurosci Insights 2022; 17:26331055221100587. [PMID: 35615116 PMCID: PMC9125048 DOI: 10.1177/26331055221100587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Stroke persists as an important cause of long-term disability world-wide with the need for rehabilitation strategies to facilitate plasticity and improve motor function in stroke survivors. Rhythm-based interventions can improve motor function in clinical populations. This study tested a novel music-motor software application ‘GotRhythm’ on motor function after stroke. Methods: Participants were 22 stroke survivors undergoing inpatient rehabilitation in a subacute stroke ward. Participants were randomised to the GotRhythm intervention (combining individualised music and augmented auditory feedback along with wearable sensors to deliver a personalised rhythmic auditory stimulation training protocol) or usual care. Intervention group participants were offered 6-weeks of the GotRhythm intervention, consisting of a supervised 20-minute music-motor therapy session using GotRhythm conducted 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The primary feasibility outcomes were adherence to the intervention and physical function (change in the Fugl-Meyer Assessment of Motor Recovery score) measured at baseline, after 3-weeks and at end of the intervention period (6-weeks). Results: Three of 10 participants randomised to the intervention did not receive any of the GotRhythym music-motor therapy. Of the remaining 7 intervention group participants, only 5 completed the 3-week mid-intervention assessment and only 2 completed the 6-week post-intervention assessment. Participants who used the intervention completed 5 (IQR 4,7) sessions with total ‘dose’ of the intervention of 70 (40, 201) minutes. Conclusion: Overall, adherence to the intervention was poor, highlighting that application of technology assisted music-based interventions for stroke survivors in clinical environments is challenging along with usual care, recovery, and the additional clinical load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hankinson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Alex Shaykevich
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Ann-Maree Vallence
- College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Health Futures Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch, Australia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Michael Rosenberg
- School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Christopher Etherton-Beer
- WA Centre for Health and Ageing, Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
- Medical Division, Royal Perth Bentley Group, Perth, Western Australia
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15
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Vartanian O, Replete V, Saint SA, Lam Q, Forbes S, Beaudoin ME, Brunyé TT, Bryant DJ, Feltman KA, Heaton KJ, McKinley RA, Van Erp JBF, Vergin A, Whittaker A. What Is Targeted When We Train Working Memory? Evidence From a Meta-Analysis of the Neural Correlates of Working Memory Training Using Activation Likelihood Estimation. Front Psychol 2022; 13:868001. [PMID: 35432071 PMCID: PMC9005969 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.868001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Working memory (WM) is the system responsible for maintaining and manipulating information, in the face of ongoing distraction. In turn, WM span is perceived to be an individual-differences construct reflecting the limited capacity of this system. Recently, however, there has been some evidence to suggest that WM capacity can increase through training, raising the possibility that training can functionally alter the neural structures supporting WM. To address the hypothesis that the neural substrates underlying WM are targeted by training, we conducted a meta-analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies of WM training using Activation Likelihood Estimation (ALE). Our results demonstrate that WM training is associated exclusively with decreases in blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) responses in clusters within the fronto-parietal system that underlie WM, including the bilateral inferior parietal lobule (BA 39/40), middle (BA 9) and superior (BA 6) frontal gyri, and medial frontal gyrus bordering on the cingulate gyrus (BA 8/32). We discuss the various psychological and physiological mechanisms that could be responsible for the observed reductions in the BOLD signal in relation to WM training, and consider their implications for the construct of WM span as a limited resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oshin Vartanian
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Vladyslava Replete
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Medicine, Queen’s University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Sidney Ann Saint
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Quan Lam
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Forbes
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Monique E. Beaudoin
- Applied Research Laboratory for Intelligence and Security, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Tad T. Brunyé
- U.S. Army DEVCOM Soldier Center, Natick, MA, United States
| | - David J. Bryant
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kathryn A. Feltman
- U.S. Army Aeromedical Research Laboratory, Fort Rucker, AL, United States
| | - Kristin J. Heaton
- U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States
| | - Richard A. McKinley
- U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Dayton, OH, United States
| | - Jan B. F. Van Erp
- Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), Soesterberg, Netherlands
- Department of Human Media Interaction, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Annika Vergin
- Bundeswehr Office for Defence Planning, Federal Ministry of Defence, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annalise Whittaker
- Defence Science and Technology Laboratory, UK Ministry of Defence, Salisbury, United Kingdom
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16
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Bazzini MC, Nuara A, Scalona E, De Marco D, Rizzolatti G, Avanzini P, Fabbri-Destro M. The Proactive Synergy Between Action Observation and Execution in the Acquisition of New Motor Skills. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:793849. [PMID: 35399362 PMCID: PMC8986982 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.793849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor learning can be defined as a process that leads to relatively permanent changes in motor behavior through repeated interactions with the environment. Different strategies can be adopted to achieve motor learning: movements can be overtly practiced leading to an amelioration of motor performance; alternatively, covert strategies (e.g., action observation) can promote neuroplastic changes in the motor system even in the absence of real movement execution. However, whether a training regularly alternating action observation and execution (i.e., Action Observation Training, AOT) may surpass the pure motor practice (MP) and observational learning (OL) remains to be established. To address this issue, we enrolled 54 subjects requiring them to learn tying nautical knots via one out of three types of training (AOT, MP, OL) with the scope to investigate which element mostly contributes to motor learning. We evaluated the overall improvement of each group, along with the predictive role that neuropsychological indexes exert on each treatment outcome. The AOT group exhibited the highest performance improvement (42%), indicating that the regular alternation between observation and execution biases participants toward a better performance. The reiteration of this sequence provides an incremental, adjunct value that super-adds onto the efficacy of motor practice or observational learning in isolation (42% > 25% + 10%, i.e., OL + MP). These findings extend the use of the AOT from clinical and rehabilitative contexts to daily routines requiring the learning and perfectioning of new motor skills such as sports training, music, and occupational activities requiring fine motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chiara Bazzini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Arturo Nuara
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Emilia Scalona
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Doriana De Marco
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Rizzolatti
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina e Chirurgia, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pietro Avanzini
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Istituto di Neuroscienze, Parma, Italy
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy
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17
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Pain's Adverse Impact on Training-Induced Performance and Neuroplasticity: A Systematic Review. Brain Imaging Behav 2022; 16:2281-2306. [PMID: 35301674 PMCID: PMC9581826 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00621-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Motor training is a widely used therapy in many pain conditions. The brain’s capacity to undergo functional and structural changes i.e., neuroplasticity is fundamental to training-induced motor improvement and can be assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS). The aim was to investigate the impact of pain on training-induced motor performance and neuroplasticity assessed by TMS. The review was carried out in accordance with the PRISMA-guidelines and a Prospero protocol (CRD42020168487). An electronic search in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane until December 13, 2019, identified studies focused on training-induced neuroplasticity in the presence of experimentally-induced pain, 'acute pain' or in a chronic pain condition, 'chronic pain'. Included studies were assessed by two authors for methodological quality using the TMS Quality checklist, and for risk of bias using the Newcastle–Ottawa Scale. The literature search identified 231 studies. After removal of 71 duplicates, 160 abstracts were screened, and 24 articles were reviewed in full text. Of these, 17 studies on acute pain (n = 7) or chronic pain (n = 10), including a total of 258 patients with different pain conditions and 248 healthy participants met the inclusion criteria. The most common types of motor training were different finger tasks (n = 6). Motor training was associated with motor cortex functional neuroplasticity and six of seven acute pain studies and five of ten chronic pain studies showed that, compared to controls, pain can impede such trainings-induced neuroplasticity. These findings may have implications for motor learning and performance and with putative impact on rehabilitative procedures such as physiotherapy.
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18
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Gu F, Gong A, Qu Y, Bao A, Wu J, Jiang C, Fu Y. From Expert to Elite? — Research on Top Archer’s EEG Network Topology. Front Hum Neurosci 2022; 16:759330. [PMID: 35280210 PMCID: PMC8916709 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2022.759330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
It is not only difficult to be a sports expert but also difficult to grow from a sports expert to a sports elite. Professional athletes are often concerned about the differences between an expert and an elite and how to eventually become an elite athlete. To explore the differences in brain neural mechanism between experts and elites in the process of motor behavior and reveal the internal connection between motor performance and brain activity, we collected and analyzed the electroencephalography (EEG) findings of 14 national archers and 14 provincial archers during aiming and resting states and constructed the EEG brain network of the two archer groups based on weighted phase lag index; the graph theory was used to analyze and compare the network characteristics via local network and global network topologies. The results showed that compared with the expert archers, the elite archers had stronger functional coupling in beta1 and beta2 bands, and the difference was evident in the frontal and central regions; in terms of global characteristics of brain network topology, the average clustering coefficient and global efficiency of elite archers were significantly higher than that of expert archers, and the eigenvector centrality of expert archers was higher; for local characteristics, elite archers had higher local efficient; and the brain network characteristics of expert archers showed a strong correlation with archery performance. This suggests that compared with expert archers, elite archers showed stronger functional coupling, higher integration efficiency of global and local information, and more independent performance in the archery process. These findings reveal the differences in brain electrical network topologies between elite and expert archers in the archery preparation stage, which is expected to provide theoretical reference for further training and promotion of professional athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Gu
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an, China
| | - Anmin Gong
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an, China
- *Correspondence: Anmin Gong,
| | - Yi Qu
- School of Information Engineering, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an, China
| | - Aiyong Bao
- School of Military Basic Education, Engineering University of People’s Armed Police, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin Wu
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing City University, Beijing, China
| | - Changhao Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Sports Performance Evaluation and Technical Analysis, Capital Institute of Physical Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfa Fu
- School of Automation and Information Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
- Yunfa Fu,
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19
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Whitehead JC, Armony JL. Intra-individual Reliability of Voice- and Music-elicited Responses and their Modulation by Expertise. Neuroscience 2022; 487:184-197. [PMID: 35182696 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A growing number of functional neuroimaging studies have identified regions within the temporal lobe, particularly along the planum polare and planum temporale, that respond more strongly to music than other types of acoustic stimuli, including voice. This "music preferred" regions have been reported using a variety of stimulus sets, paradigms and analysis approaches and their consistency across studies confirmed through meta-analyses. However, the critical question of intra-subject reliability of these responses has received less attention. Here, we directly assessed this important issue by contrasting brain responses to musical vs. vocal stimuli in the same subjects across three consecutive fMRI runs, using different types of stimuli. Moreover, we investigated whether these music- and voice-preferred responses were reliably modulated by expertise. Results demonstrated that music-preferred activity previously reported in temporal regions, and its modulation by expertise, exhibits a high intra-subject reliability. However, we also found that activity in some extra-temporal regions, such as the precentral and middle frontal gyri, did depend on the particular stimuli employed, which may explain why these are less consistently reported in the literature. Taken together, our findings confirm and extend the notion that specific regions in the brain consistently respond more strongly to certain socially-relevant stimulus categories, such as faces, voices and music, but that some of these responses appear to depend, at least to some extent, on the specific features of the paradigm employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jocelyne C Whitehead
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Jorge L Armony
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Verdun, Canada; BRAMS Laboratory, Centre for Research on Brain, Language and Music, Montreal, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
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20
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Frizzell TO, Phull E, Khan M, Song X, Grajauskas LA, Gawryluk J, D'Arcy RCN. Imaging functional neuroplasticity in human white matter tracts. Brain Struct Funct 2022; 227:381-392. [PMID: 34812936 PMCID: PMC8741691 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-021-02407-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies are sensitive to biological mechanisms of neuroplasticity in white matter (WM). In particular, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has been used to investigate structural changes. Historically, functional MRI (fMRI) neuroplasticity studies have been restricted to gray matter, as fMRI studies have only recently expanded to WM. The current study evaluated WM neuroplasticity pre-post motor training in healthy adults, focusing on motor learning in the non-dominant hand. Neuroplasticity changes were evaluated in two established WM regions-of-interest: the internal capsule and the corpus callosum. Behavioral improvements following training were greater for the non-dominant hand, which corresponded with MRI-based neuroplasticity changes in the internal capsule for DTI fractional anisotropy, fMRI hemodynamic response functions, and low-frequency oscillations (LFOs). In the corpus callosum, MRI-based neuroplasticity changes were detected in LFOs, DTI, and functional correlation tensors (FCT). Taken together, the LFO results converged as significant amplitude reductions, implicating a common underlying mechanism of optimized transmission through altered myelination. The structural and functional neuroplasticity findings open new avenues for direct WM investigations into mapping connectomes and advancing MRI clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory O Frizzell
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Elisha Phull
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mishaa Khan
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Xiaowei Song
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Health Sciences and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC, Canada
| | - Lukas A Grajauskas
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC, Canada
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jodie Gawryluk
- Division of Medical Sciences, Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada
- DM Centre for Brain Health (Radiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ryan C N D'Arcy
- BrainNET, Health and Technology District, Surrey, BC, Canada.
- Faculty of Applied Sciences and Science, Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
- Health Sciences and Innovation, Surrey Memorial Hospital, Surrey, BC, Canada.
- DM Centre for Brain Health (Radiology), University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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21
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Requirement to change of functional brain network across the lifespan. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260091. [PMID: 34793536 PMCID: PMC8601519 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have focused on neural changes and neuroplasticity, while the signaling demand for neural modification needs to be explored. In this study, we traced this issue in the organization of brain functional links where the conflictual arrangement of signed links makes a request to change. We introduced the number of frustrations (unsatisfied closed triadic interactions) as a measure for assessing "requirement to change" of functional brain network. We revealed that the requirement to change of the resting-state network has a u-shape functionality over the lifespan with a minimum in early adulthood, and it's correlated with the presence of negative links. Also, we discovered that brain negative subnetwork has a special topology with a log-normal degree distribution in all stages, however, its global measures are altered by adulthood. Our results highlight the study of collective behavior of functional negative links as the source of the brain's between-regions conflicts and we propose exploring the attribute of the requirement to change besides other neural change factors.
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22
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Changiz T, Amouzeshi Z, Najimi A, Adibi P. A narrative review of psychomotor abilities in medical sciences: Definition, categorization, tests, and training. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN MEDICAL SCIENCES 2021; 26:69. [PMID: 34759986 PMCID: PMC8548887 DOI: 10.4103/jrms.jrms_965_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research in the past decades has evidenced differences in the psychomotor ability of individuals resulting from varying levels of experience, age, gender, response precision, compatibility, performance, and ability. Many studies have called for the need to identify psychomotor ability and appropriate tests that can assess it. This review article surveys the definition, categorization, and tests of psychomotor ability as well as training based on psychomotor ability in medical sciences. We searched the literature with no time limit, using the ProQuest, PubMed, and Eric databases, as well as the Google Scholar search engine. The keywords for the search involved psychomotor, psychomotor performance, assessment, psychomotor ability, motor learning, education, training, psychomotor ability testing, and psychomotor skills. Other relevant papers found through hand searching and snowballing were also included in the review. The EndNote X8 was employed as a reference manager tool. Only abstracts of the papers whose full texts were accessible were reviewed after repetitious papers were excluded. The documents were categorized into five groups: definition of psychomotor skills and ability, psychomotor ability components, psychomotor ability tests, identification of psychomotor ability (task analysis), and training. This review article revealed that there is not a single definition for psychomotor ability and its components. However, it can be said that motor abilities are the foundation for the rapid acquisition of skills and according to the neuroplasticity process are learned through training and practice. Given psychomotor abilities vary among individuals, training courses should also provide different levels of psychomotor training for learners. The literature introduces psychomotor tests as a selection tool, a predictor of future professional behavior, and a means to evaluate progress in performance, academic guidance (ability-oriented medical specialty), and curriculum implementation tailored to the needs of learners of varying graduate disciplines. The tests should be profession-specific because each profession entails its peculiar characteristics and abilities. On the other hand, the major problem in studying and analyzing underlying psychomotor skills and abilities is that the components are being investigated by researchers from varying, and usually unrelated, scientific fields. Therefore, it is necessary to have a holistic view through close interaction between the researchers of different sciences to better understand this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Changiz
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zahra Amouzeshi
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Arash Najimi
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Peyman Adibi
- Department of Medical Education, Medical Education Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Gandhi DBC, Pandian JD, Szturm T, Kanitkar A, Kate MP, Bhanot K. A computer-game-based rehabilitation platform for individuals with fine and gross motor upper extremity deficits post-stroke (CARE fOR U) - Protocol for a randomized controlled trial. Eur Stroke J 2021; 6:291-301. [PMID: 34746426 PMCID: PMC8564152 DOI: 10.1177/2396987321994293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Activity-based neuroplasticity and re-organization leads to motor learning via replicating real-life movements. Increased repetition of such movements has growing evidence over last few decades. In particular, computer-game-based rehabilitation is found to be effective, feasible and acceptable for post-stroke upper limb deficits. Our study aims to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of 12 weeks of computer-game-based rehabilitation platform (GRP) on fine and gross motor skills post-stroke in India. METHODS Through this trial we will study the effect of adjunctive in-hospital GRP (using a motion-sensing airmouse with off-the-shelf computer games) in 80 persons with subacute stroke, for reduction of post-stroke upper limb deficits in a single-centre prospective Randomized Open, Blinded End- point trial when compared to conventional therapy alone. RESULTS We intend to evaluate between-group differences using Wolf Motor Function test, Stroke Specific Quality of Life, and GRP assessment tool. Feasibility will be assessed via recruitment rates, adherence to intervention periods, drop-out rate and qualitative findings of patient experience with the intervention. CONCLUSION The CARE FOR U trial is designed to test the feasibility and effectiveness of a computer-game based rehabilitation platform in treating upper limb deficits after stroke. In case of positive findings GRP can be widely applicable for stroke populations needing intensive and regular therapy with supervision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorcas BC Gandhi
- Department of Neurology, College of
Physiotherapy, Christian Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
| | | | - Tony Szturm
- College of Rehabilitation Sciences,
University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
| | | | - Mahesh P Kate
- Department of Clinical
Neurosciences, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Komal Bhanot
- Department of Neurology, Christian
Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
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24
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Toth AJ, Ramsbottom N, Constantin C, Milliet A, Campbell MJ. The effect of expertise, training and neurostimulation on sensory-motor skill in esports. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2021.106782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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25
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Lawson-Boyd E, Meloni M. Gender Beneath the Skull: Agency, Trauma and Persisting Stereotypes in Neuroepigenetics. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:667896. [PMID: 34211381 PMCID: PMC8239152 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.667896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetics stands in a complex relationship to issues of sex and gender. As a scientific field, it has been heavily criticized for disproportionately targeting the maternal body and reproducing deterministic views of biological sex (Kenney and Müller, 2017; Lappé, 2018; Richardson et al., 2014). And yet, it also represents the culmination of a long tradition of engaging with developmental biology as a feminist cause, because of the dispersal of the supposed 'master code' of DNA among wider cellular, organismic and ecological contexts (Keller, 1988). In this paper, we explore a number of tensions at the intersection of sex, gender and trauma that are playing out in the emerging area of neuroepigenetics - a relatively new subfield of epigenetics specifically interested in environment-brain relations through epigenetic modifications in neurons. Using qualitative interviews with leading scientists, we explore how trauma is conceptualized in neuroepigenetics, paying attention to its gendered dimensions. We address a number of concerns raised by feminist STS researchers in regard to epigenetics, and illustrate why we believe close engagement with neuroepigenetic claims, and neuroepigenetic researchers themselves, is a crucial step for social scientists interested in questions of embodiment and trauma. We argue this for three reasons: (1) Neuroepigenetic studies are recognizing the agential capacities of biological materials such as genes, neurotransmitters and methyl groups, and how they influence memory formation; (2) Neuroepigenetic conceptions of trauma are yet to be robustly coupled with social and anthropological theories of violence (Eliot, 2021; Nelson, 2021; Walby, 2013); (3) In spite of the gendered assumptions we find in neuroepigenetics, there are fruitful spaces - through collaboration - to be conceptualizing gender beyond culture-biology and nature-nurture binaries (Lock and Nguyen, 2010). To borrow Gravlee's (2009: 51) phrase, we find reason for social scientists to consider how gender is not only constructed, but how it may "become biology" via epigenetic and other biological pathways. Ultimately, we argue that a robust epigenetic methodology is one which values the integrity of expertise outside its own field, and can have an open, not empty mind to cross-disciplinary dialogue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elsher Lawson-Boyd
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
| | - Maurizio Meloni
- Alfred Deakin Institute for Citizenship and Globalisation, Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia
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26
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Distinct connectivity profiles predict different in-time processes of motor skill learning. Neuroimage 2021; 238:118239. [PMID: 34119637 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Learning through intensive practice has been largely observed in motor, sensory and higher-order cognitive processing. Neuroimaging studies have shown that learning phases are associated with different patterns of functional and structural neural plasticity in spatially distributed brain systems. Yet, it is unknown whether distinct neural signatures before practice can foster different subsequent learning stages over time. Here, we employed a bimanual implicit sequence reaction time task (SRTT) to investigate whether the rates of early (one day after practice) and late (one month after practice) post-training motor skill learning were predicted by distinct patterns of pre-training resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC), recorded with functional MRI. We observed that both motor learning descriptors were positively correlated with the strength of rs-FC among pairs of regions within a SRTT-relevant network comprising cerebellar as well as cortical and subcortical motor areas. Crucially, we detected a double dissociation such that early post-training learning was significantly associated with the functional connections within cerebellar regions, whereas late post-training learning was significantly related to the functional connections between cortical and subcortical motor areas. These findings indicate that spontaneous brain activity prospectively carries out behaviorally relevant information to perform experience-dependent cognitive operations far distant in time.
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27
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Bandeira ID, Lins-Silva DH, Barouh JL, Faria-Guimarães D, Dorea-Bandeira I, Souza LS, Alves GS, Brunoni AR, Nitsche M, Fregni F, Lucena R. Neuroplasticity and non-invasive brain stimulation in the developing brain. PROGRESS IN BRAIN RESEARCH 2021; 264:57-89. [PMID: 34167665 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pbr.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The brain is a dynamic organ whose growth and organization varies according to each subject's life experiences. Through adaptations in gene expression and the release of neurotrophins and neurotransmitters, these experiences induce a process of cellular realignment and neural network reorganization, which consolidate what is called neuroplasticity. However, despite the brain's resilience and dynamism, neuroplasticity is maximized during the first years of life, when the developing brain is more sensitive to structural reorganization and the repair of damaged neurons. This review presents an overview of non-invasive brain stimulation (NIBS) techniques that have increasingly been a focus for experimental research and the development of therapeutic methods involving neuroplasticity, especially Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS). Due to its safety risk profile and extensive tolerability, several trials have demonstrated the benefits of NIBS as a feasible experimental alternative for the treatment of brain and mind disorders in children and adolescents. However, little is known about the late impact of neuroplasticity-inducing tools on the developing brain, and there are concerns about aberrant plasticity. There are also ethical considerations when performing interventions in the pediatric population. This article will therefore review these aspects and also obstacles related to the premature application of NIBS, given the limited evidence available concerning the extent to which these methods interfere with the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor D Bandeira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina e Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil.
| | - Daniel H Lins-Silva
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Judah L Barouh
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Daniela Faria-Guimarães
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Dorea-Bandeira
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Lucca S Souza
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Gustavo S Alves
- Laboratory of Neuropsychopharmacology, Serviço de Psiquiatria do Hospital Universitário Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - André R Brunoni
- Service of Interdisciplinary Neuromodulation, Instituto de Psiquiatria, Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michael Nitsche
- Department of Psychology and Neurosciences, Leibniz Research Center for Working Environment and Human Factors, Dortmund, Germany; Department of Neurology, University Medical Hospital Bergmannsheil, Bochum, Germany
| | - Felipe Fregni
- Neuromodulation Center and Center for Clinical Research Learning, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital and Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Rita Lucena
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
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28
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Qiu C, Zhao C, Hu G, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Wu X, Wang L. Brain structural plasticity in visual and sensorimotor areas of airline pilots: A voxel-based morphometric study. Behav Brain Res 2021; 411:113377. [PMID: 34023308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airline pilot is a highly specialized profession that requires to response quickly and accurately in the presence of a wide variety of visual information. Although functional imaging studies have employed virtual simulation to identify brain areas that underlie various flying-related tasks, little is known about the specific patterns of structural plasticity in the airline pilot's brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, we examined differences of gray matter and white matter volumes between 42 airline pilots and 39 non-pilots by using voxel-based morphometry, and further assessed the association between magnitude of structural alterations and flight time in the pilots. RESULTS We found significantly increased white matter volume in the cuneus area in the pilot group compared to the non-pilot group (p < 0.05, FWE corrected). Using a relaxed threshold, it was also observed that the pilots had increased gray matter volume in the lingual gyrus, inferior frontal gyrus, supramarginal gyrus, cuneus, and postcentral gyrus, and increased white matter volume in the postcentral area (p < 0.001, uncorrected). Moreover, the pilots' flight time was positively correlated with gray matter volume in the postcentral gyrus and white matter volume in the cuneus area (p < 0.001, uncorrected). CONCLUSIONS The morphological changes in specific visual and sensorimotor areas may provide airline pilots with neural efficiency in the visuo-motor processing related to flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanya Qiu
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital of the Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China; Department of Radiology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Chunyu Zhao
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Gang Hu
- Department of Radiology, Seventh Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing, 100123, China
| | - Yuyang Zhu
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China
| | - Xinhuai Wu
- Department of Radiology, Seventh Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Lubin Wang
- Institute of Military Cognition and Brain Sciences, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100850, China.
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29
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Rezaeyan A, Asadi S, Kamrava SK, Khoei S, Zare-Sadeghi A. Reorganizing brain structure through olfactory training in post-traumatic smell impairment: An MRI study. J Neuroradiol 2021; 49:333-342. [PMID: 33957160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurad.2021.04.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE AND BACKGROUND Post-traumatic olfactory dysfunction (PTOD), mostly caused by head injury, is thought to be associated with changes in the structure and function of the brain olfactory processing areas. Training and repeated exposure to odorants lead to enhanced olfactory capability. This study investigated the effects of a 16-weeks olfactory training (OT) on olfactory function and brain structure. METHODS Twenty-five patients with PTOD were randomly divided in three groups: (1) 9 control patients who did not receive any training, (2) 9 patients underwent classical OT by 4 fixed odors, and (3) 7 patients underwent modified OT coming across 4 sets of 4 different odors sequentially. Before and after the training period, all patients performed olfactory function tests and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Sniffin' Sticks test was used to assess olfactory function. MRI data were analyzed using voxel-based morphometry and surface-based morphometry. RESULTS Both trained groups showed a considerable recovery of olfactory function, especially in odor identification. MRI data analysis revealed that the classical OT leads to increases in cortical thickness/density of several brain regions, including the right superior and middle frontal gyrus, and bilateral cerebellums. In addition, the modified OT yielded a lower extent of cortical measures in the right orbital frontal cortex and right insular. Following modified OT, a positive correlation was observed between the odor identification and the right orbital frontal cortex. CONCLUSION Both olfactory training methods can improve olfactory function and that the improvement is associated with changes in the structure of olfactory processing areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abolhasan Rezaeyan
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Somayeh Asadi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - S Kamran Kamrava
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, The Five Senses Institute, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Samideh Khoei
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Zare-Sadeghi
- Department of Medical Physics, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Finetech in Medicine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran.
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30
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Ogino Y, Kawamichi H, Takizawa D, Sugawara SK, Hamano YH, Fukunaga M, Toyoda K, Watanabe Y, Abe O, Sadato N, Saito S, Furui S. Enhanced structural connectivity within the motor loop in professional boxers prior to a match. Sci Rep 2021; 11:9015. [PMID: 33907206 PMCID: PMC8079439 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-88368-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Professional boxers train to reduce their body mass before a match to refine their body movements. To test the hypothesis that the well-defined movements of boxers are represented within the motor loop (cortico-striatal circuit), we first elucidated the brain structure and functional connectivity specific to boxers and then investigated plasticity in relation to boxing matches. We recruited 21 male boxers 1 month before a match (Time1) and compared them to 22 age-, sex-, and body mass index (BMI)-matched controls. Boxers were longitudinally followed up within 1 week prior to the match (Time2) and 1 month after the match (Time3). The BMIs of boxers significantly decreased at Time2 compared with those at Time1 and Time3. Compared to controls, boxers presented significantly higher gray matter volume in the left putamen, a critical region representing motor skill training. Boxers presented significantly higher functional connectivity than controls between the left primary motor cortex (M1) and left putamen, which is an essential region for establishing well-defined movements. Boxers also showed significantly higher structural connectivity in the same region within the motor loop from Time1 to Time2 than during other periods, which may represent the refined movements of their body induced by training for the match.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichi Ogino
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan.
| | - Hiroaki Kawamichi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan
| | - Daisuke Takizawa
- Department of Anesthesiology, Japanese Red Cross Medical Center, 1-22 Hiroo, Shibuya-ku, Tokyo, 150-8935, Japan
| | - Sho K Sugawara
- Neural Prosthesis Project, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, 2-1-6 Kamikitazawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8506, Japan
| | - Yuki H Hamano
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Masaki Fukunaga
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Keiko Toyoda
- Department of Radiology, The Jikei University School of Medicine, 3-28-8 Nishi-Shimbashi, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 105-864, Japan
| | - Yusuke Watanabe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Abe
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8655, Japan
| | - Norihiro Sadato
- Division of Cerebral Integration, Department of System Neuroscience, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, 38 Nishigonaka, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, 444-8585, Japan
| | - Shigeru Saito
- Department of Anesthesiology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-15 Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8510, Japan
| | - Shigeru Furui
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Teikyo University, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan
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Structural changes in brains of patients with disorders of consciousness treated with deep brain stimulation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4401. [PMID: 33623134 PMCID: PMC7902623 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83873-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Disorders of consciousness (DOC) are one of the major consequences after anoxic or traumatic brain injury. So far, several studies have described the regaining of consciousness in DOC patients using deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, these studies often lack detailed data on the structural and functional cerebral changes after such treatment. The aim of this study was to conduct a volumetric analysis of specific cortical and subcortical structures to determine the impact of DBS after functional recovery of DOC patients. Five DOC patients underwent unilateral DBS electrode implantation into the centromedian parafascicular complex of the thalamic intralaminar nuclei. Consciousness recovery was confirmed using the Rappaport Disability Rating and the Coma/Near Coma scale. Brain MRI volumetric measurements were done prior to the procedure, then approximately a year after, and finally 7 years after the implementation of the electrode. The volumetric analysis included changes in regional cortical volumes and thickness, as well as in subcortical structures. Limbic cortices (parahippocampal and cingulate gyrus) and paralimbic cortices (insula) regions showed a significant volume increase and presented a trend of regional cortical thickness increase 1 and 7 years after DBS. The volumes of related subcortical structures, namely the caudate, the hippocampus as well as the amygdala, were significantly increased 1 and 7 years after DBS, while the putamen and nucleus accumbens presented with volume increase. Volume increase after DBS could be a result of direct DBS effects, or a result of functional recovery. Our findings are in accordance with the results of very few human studies connecting DBS and brain volume increase. Which mechanisms are behind the observed brain changes and whether structural changes are caused by consciousness recovery or DBS in patients with DOC is still a matter of debate.
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Hupfeld KE, McGregor HR, Reuter-Lorenz PA, Seidler RD. Microgravity effects on the human brain and behavior: Dysfunction and adaptive plasticity. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 122:176-189. [PMID: 33454290 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Emerging plans for travel to Mars and other deep space destinations make it critical for us to understand how spaceflight affects the human brain and behavior. Research over the past decade has demonstrated two co-occurring patterns of spaceflight effects on the brain and behavior: dysfunction and adaptive plasticity. Evidence indicates the spaceflight environment induces adverse effects on the brain, including intracranial fluid shifts, gray matter changes, and white matter declines. Past work also suggests that the spaceflight environment induces adaptive neural effects such as sensory reweighting and neural compensation. Here, we introduce a new conceptual framework to synthesize spaceflight effects on the brain, Spaceflight Perturbation Adaptation Coupled with Dysfunction (SPACeD). We review the literature implicating neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptation in response to spaceflight and microgravity analogues, and we consider pre-, during-, and post-flight factors that may interact with these processes. We draw several instructive parallels with the aging literature which also suggests co-occurring neurobehavioral dysfunction and adaptive processes. We close with recommendations for future spaceflight research, including: 1) increased efforts to distinguish between dysfunctional versus adaptive effects by testing brain-behavioral correlations, and 2) greater focus on tracking recovery time courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Hupfeld
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - H R McGregor
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - P A Reuter-Lorenz
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - R D Seidler
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Norman Fixel Institute for Neurological Diseases, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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33
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Post-learning micro- and macro-structural neuroplasticity changes with time and sleep. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 191:114369. [PMID: 33338474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.114369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the fact that our brain can partially modify both structure and function to adequately respond to novel environmental stimulations. Neuroplasticity mechanisms are not only operating during the acquisition of novel information (i.e., online) but also during the offline periods that take place after the end of the actual learning episode. Structural brain changes as a consequence of learning have been consistently demonstrated on the long term using non-invasive neuroimaging methods, but short-term changes remained more elusive. Fortunately, the swift development of advanced MR methods over the last decade now allows tracking fine-grained cerebral changes on short timescales beyond gross volumetric modifications stretching over several days or weeks. Besides a mere effect of time, post-learning sleep mechanisms have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation and promote long-lasting changes in neural networks. Sleep was shown to contribute to structural modifications over weeks of prolonged training, but studies evidencing more rapid post-training sleep structural effects linked to memory consolidation are still scarce in human. On the other hand, animal studies convincingly show how sleep might modulate synaptic microstructure. We aim here at reviewing the literature establishing a link between different types of training/learning and the resulting structural changes, with an emphasis on the role of post-training sleep and time in tuning these modifications. Open questions are raised such as the role of post-learning sleep in macrostructural changes, the links between different MR structural measurement-related modifications and the underlying microstructural brain processes, and bidirectional influences between structural and functional brain changes.
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Fukuo M, Kamagata K, Kuramochi M, Andica C, Tomita H, Waki H, Sugano H, Tange Y, Mitsuhashi T, Uchida W, Takenaka Y, Hagiwara A, Harada M, Goto M, Hori M, Aoki S, Naito H. Regional brain gray matter volume in world-class artistic gymnasts. J Physiol Sci 2020; 70:43. [PMID: 32948133 PMCID: PMC10717960 DOI: 10.1186/s12576-020-00767-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between long-term intensive training and brain plasticity in gymnasts has recently been reported. However, the relationship between abilities in different gymnastic events and brain structural changes has not been explored. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between world-class gymnasts (WCGs)' specific abilities in different gymnastics events and their gray matter (GM) volume. Ten right-handed Japanese male WCGs and 10 right-handed gender- and age-matched controls with no history of gymnastic training participated in this study. Whole brain three-dimensional T1-weighted images (magnetization-prepared rapid gradient-echo sequence) with 0.90 mm3 voxels were obtained using a 3 T-MRI scanner from each subject. Volume-based morphometry (VolBM) was used to compare GM volume differences between WCGs and controls. We then explored the correlation between specific gymnastic abilities using different gymnastic apparatuses, and GM volume. Significantly higher GM volumes (false discovery rate-corrected p < 0.05) in the inferior parietal lobule, middle temporal gyrus, precentral gyrus, rostral middle frontal gyrus, and superior frontal gyrus were demonstrated in WCGs, compared with controls using VolBM. Moreover, significant positive correlations were observed between brain regions and the difficulty scores for each gymnastic event, for example, rings and inferior parietal lobule and parallel bars and rostral middle frontal gyrus. These results may reflect the neural basis of an outstanding gymnastic ability resulting from brain plasticity in areas associated with spatial perception, vision, working memory, and motor control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Fukuo
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Scienc, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mana Kuramochi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christina Andica
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Scienc, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Waki
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Scienc, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan.
| | - Hidenori Sugano
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tange
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takumi Mitsuhashi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Takenaka
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Radiology, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mutsumi Harada
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Scienc, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
| | - Masami Goto
- School of Allied Health Science, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masaaki Hori
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicin, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Juntendo University Graduate School of Health and Sports Scienc, 1-1 Hirakagakuendai, Inzai, Chiba, 270-1695, Japan
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Ho A, Khan Y, Fischberg G, Mahato D. Clinical Application of Brain Plasticity in Neurosurgery. World Neurosurg 2020; 146:31-39. [PMID: 32916359 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Brain plasticity is an ongoing process of reorganization not only on the macroscopic level but also from underlying changes at the cellular and molecular levels of neurons. This evolution has not yet been fully understood. The objective of this paper is to review and understand neuroplasticity through the review of literature, imaging, and intraoperative evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Ho
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Yasir Khan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Glenn Fischberg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA
| | - Deependra Mahato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Desert Regional Medical Center, Palm Springs, California, USA.
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Beyond Alzheimer's disease: Can bilingualism be a more generalized protective factor in neurodegeneration? Neuropsychologia 2020; 147:107593. [PMID: 32882240 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Bilingualism has been argued to have an impact on cognition and brain structure. Effects have been reported across the lifespan: from healthy children to ageing adults, including clinical (ageing) populations. It has been argued that active bilingualism may significantly contribute to the delaying of the expression of Alzheimer's disease symptoms. If bilingualism plays an ameliorative role against the expression of neurodegeneration in dementia, it is possible that it could have similar effects for other neurodegenerative disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis, Parkinson's and Huntington's Diseases. To date, however, direct relevant evidence remains limited, not least because the necessary scientific motivations for investigating this with greater depth have not yet been fully articulated. Herein, we provide a roadmap that reviews the relevant literatures, highlighting potential links across neurodegenerative disorders and bilingualism more generally.
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Brain structural evidence for a frontal pole specialization in glossolalia. IBRO Rep 2020; 9:32-36. [PMID: 32671282 PMCID: PMC7338610 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibror.2020.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Glossolalia is defined as the ritual oral production of phoneme sequences without recognizable semantic content. The functional underpinnings of glossolalia, and notably whether it consists of a highly specific or ordinary behavior, remain largely unresolved. We addressed this question by measuring the structural brain remodeling associated with the extensive practice of glossolalia in thirty experts. This approach enabled us to circumvent the limitations of functional imaging to reveal the neural correlates of behaviors elicited in specific contexts and involving movements incompatible with most imaging methods. Whole-brain regression analyses of glossolalia expertise with indices of grey and white matter structure revealed positive associations between practice time and grey matter volume within the left frontal pole and the right middle frontal gyrus. These findings suggest that glossolalia involves a degree of neurocognitive specialization, though not at the level of language control and production networks, but within domain-general executive areas. They further call for including multi-tasking and interference suppression as key processes in models of unrecognizable speech production. Our results also concur with current demonstrations that measures of brain structural remodeling may help identifying whether cognitive skills depend on networks specialization or on a recycling of already existing processes.
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Cervigni M, Alfonso G, Deleglise Á, Gallegos M, Martino P. Experticia y cognición. Exploración de funciones cognitivas verbales y visoespaciales en arquitectos y psicólogos. UNIVERSITAS PSYCHOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.11144/javeriana.upsy19.ecef] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Diversas investigaciones han advertido que el ejercicio de algunas profesiones puede conllevar efectos moduladores en la estructura cerebral y el funcionamiento cognitivo. Se presentan los resultados de un estudio exploratorio transversal referente a las modificaciones que las experticias en arquitectura (N = 41, edad: X = 39, DE = 10) y en psicología (N = 40, edad: X = 35, DE = 7) producen sobre procesos cognitivos específicos. El objetivo general fue contribuir a la determinación de perfiles cognitivos diferenciales. Los arquitectos mostraron un mejor rendimiento en tareas que involucran la retención y manipulación de información visoespacial. No se hallaron diferencias significativas en la resolución de tareas verbales. Estos resultados sugieren que la experiencia en arquitectura podría conducir a un desempeño conductual mejorado en procesos cognitivos correspondientes a la memoria de trabajo visoespacial. Se discuten los alcances de la presente exploración y las instancias necesarias para la validación de estas observaciones. Se sugiere la realización de nuevos estudios que integren seguimiento longitudinal y tecnologías de neuroimagen.
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Wu H, Yan H, Yang Y, Xu M, Shi Y, Zeng W, Li J, Zhang J, Chang C, Wang N. Occupational Neuroplasticity in the Human Brain: A Critical Review and Meta-Analysis of Neuroimaging Studies. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:215. [PMID: 32760257 PMCID: PMC7373999 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Many studies have revealed the structural or functional brain changes induced by occupational factors. However, it remains largely unknown how occupation-related connectivity shapes the brain. In this paper, we denote occupational neuroplasticity as the neuroplasticity that takes place to satisfy the occupational requirements by extensively professional training and to accommodate the long-term, professional work of daily life, and a critical review of occupational neuroplasticity related to the changes in brain structure and functional networks has been primarily presented. Furthermore, meta-analysis revealed a neurophysiological mechanism of occupational neuroplasticity caused by professional experience. This meta-analysis of functional neuroimaging studies showed that experts displayed stronger activation in the left precentral gyrus [Brodmann area (BA)6], left middle frontal gyrus (BA6), and right inferior frontal gyrus (BA9) than novices, while meta-analysis of structural studies suggested that experts had a greater gray matter volume in the bilateral superior temporal gyrus (BA22) and right putamen than novices. Together, these findings not only expand the current understanding of the common neurophysiological basis of occupational neuroplasticity across different occupations and highlight some possible targets for neural modulation of occupational neuroplasticity but also provide a new perspective for occupational science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hongjie Yan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Lianyungang Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Center for Brain Science and Learning Difficulties, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Xu
- Center for Brain Disorders and Cognitive Science, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuhu Shi
- Lab of Digital Image and Intelligent Computation, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiming Zeng
- Lab of Digital Image and Intelligent Computation, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiewei Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunqi Chang
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,Pengcheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China
| | - Nizhuan Wang
- Artificial Intelligence & Neuro-Informatics Engineering (ARINE) Laboratory, School of Computer Engineering, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
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Neural correlates of motor expertise: Extensive motor training and cortical changes. Brain Res 2020; 1739:146323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gamba P, Guidetti R, Guidetti G. Navigation Ability Test: a new specific test to asses spatial orientation ability in football players and healthy subjects. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2020; 60:934-941. [PMID: 32037781 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.20.10110-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper describes a new specific test to asses spatial and orientation abilities: Navigation Ability Test (NAT). The goal of this study was to determine if football players and normal subjects use vestibular information to keep track of their positions while walking through the Navigation Ability Test. METHODS This study was conducted on a total of 120 patients undergoing Navigation Ability Test (NAT): 60 football players and 60 normal subjects were recruited on the basis of no history of vertigo/balance disorders and a negative otoneurological instrumental examination and the second group of the football players were recruited from Division B, Division Under-21 and Women's League. Patients who met the inclusion criteria were enrolled in the study. RESULTS Our results showed differences between sexes during navigation tasks are not related to spatial learning per se, but appear to be the consequence of difference in ability to effectively use specific types of distal information such as room geometry. The NAT showed that the route-times walked with eyes closed are always longer than in normal people and mistakes improve with training. CONCLUSIONS These results show that NAT could suggest to the coach and trainers valuable information about the characteristics of the players and how they should play in the field. Although there are some intrinsic difficulties, for example in creating patient-specific versions of the test, preliminary normative data indicate that this original test is workable and provides important information in therapy rehabilitation for vestibular disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paolo Gamba
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, LAB of Clinical and Instrumental Vestibology, Poliambulanza Foundation Hospital, Brescia, Italy -
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Born DP, Stöggl T, Petrov A, Burkhardt D, Lüthy F, Romann M. Analysis of Freestyle Swimming Sprint Start Performance After Maximal Strength or Vertical Jump Training in Competitive Female and Male Junior Swimmers. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:323-331. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Guidetti G, Guidetti R, Manfredi M, Manfredi M, Lucchetta A, Livio S. Saccades and driving. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 39:186-196. [PMID: 31131838 PMCID: PMC6536025 DOI: 10.14639/0392-100x-2176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Driving is not only a physical task, but is also a mental task. Visual inputs are indispensable in scanning the road, communicating with other road users and monitoring in-vehicle devices. The probability to detect an object while driving (conspicuity) is very important for assessment of driving effectiveness, and correct choice of information relevant to the safety of driving determines the efficiency of a driver. Accordingly, eye fixation and eye movements are essential for attention and choice in decision making. Saccades are the most used and effective means of maintaining a correct fixation while driving. In order to identify the features of the most predisposed subjects at high driving performances and those of the high-level sportsmen, we used a special tool called Visual Exploration Training System. We evaluated by saccade and attentional tests various groups of ordinary drivers, past professional racing drivers, professional truck drivers and professional athletes. Males have faster reaction time compared to females and an age below 30 seems to guarantee better precision of performance and accuracy in achieving all visual targets. The effect on physical activity and sports is confirmed. The performances of the Ferrari Driver Academy (FDA) selected students who were significantly better than those of a group of aspiring students and amateur racing drivers probably thanks to individual predisposition, training and so-called ‘neural efficiency’.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Guidetti
- Vertigo Center, Poliambulatorio Chirurgico Modenese, Modena, Italy
| | - R Guidetti
- Vertigo Center, Poliambulatorio Chirurgico Modenese, Modena, Italy
| | | | - Marco Manfredi
- Vertigo Center, Poliambulatorio Chirurgico Modenese, Modena, Italy
| | | | - S Livio
- Professional Motor Coach, Modena, Italy
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Piccirilli M, Pigliautile M, Arcelli P, Baratta I, Ferretti S. Improvement in cognitive performance and mood in healthy older adults: a multimodal approach. Eur J Ageing 2019; 16:327-336. [PMID: 31543727 PMCID: PMC6728443 DOI: 10.1007/s10433-019-00503-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to evaluate if being involved in a programme that integrates physical, mental, and social activities could help to reduce the impacts of cerebral ageing on cognitive functions. Fifty healthy adults over 65 years of age and without cognitive impairment were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group; subjects were equally divided by age, sex, schooling, physical health, mood, and social integration. For 6 months, the experimental group had biweekly meetings, participating in a multimodal approach based on a combination of simultaneous physical, mental, and social activities. At pre-test and post-test, both experimental and control subjects underwent a neuropsychological assessment, including tests to measure attention, verbal and spatial memory, language, constructional praxis, executive functions, processing speed, and intelligence. Furthermore, a visual analogue scale was used to examine well-being and mood states. Compared to the pre-test levels and the control subjects, the performance of subjects in the experimental group significantly improved in several neuropsychological tests, including attention, processing speed, memory, and executive functions, as well as mood state. Even in older subjects without cognitive impairments, a multimodal approach based on simultaneous physical, mental, and social activity can be a useful strategy that has beneficial effects on mood and cognition. The results suggest that an active lifestyle may protect against cognitive decline in ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Piccirilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Pigliautile
- Department of Medicine, Section of Gerontology and Geriatrics, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paola Arcelli
- Degree Course in Speech and Language Therapy, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Irene Baratta
- Speech and Language Therapist, USL Umbria 1, Perugia, Italy
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Thompson JJ, McColeman CM, Blair MR, Henrey AJ. Classic motor chunking theory fails to account for behavioural diversity and speed in a complex naturalistic task. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218251. [PMID: 31194810 PMCID: PMC6564011 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In tasks that demand rapid performance, actions must be executed as efficiently as possible. Theories of expert motor performance such as the motor chunking framework suggest that efficiency is supported by automatization, where many serial actions are automatized into smaller chunks, or groups of commonly co-occuring actions. We use the fast-paced, professional eSport StarCraft 2 as a test case of the explanatory power of the motor chunking framework and assess the importance of chunks in explaining expert performance. To do so, we test three predictions motivated by a simple motor chunking framework. (1) StarCraft 2 players should exhibit an increasing number of chunks with expertise. (2) The proportion of actions falling within a chunk should increase with skill. (3) Chunks should be faster than non-chunks containing the same atomic behaviours. Although our findings support the existence of chunks, they also highlight two problems for existing accounts of rapid motor execution and expert performance. First, while better players do use more chunks, the proportion of actions within a chunks is stable across expertise and expert sequences are generally more varied (the diversity problem). Secondly, chunks, which are supposed to enjoy the most extreme automatization, appear to save little or no time overall (the time savings problem). Instead, the most parsimonious description of our latency analysis is that players become faster overall regardless of chunking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph J. Thompson
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Mark R. Blair
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
- Cognitive Science Program, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Henrey
- Department of Statistics and Actuarial Sciences, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Carey L, Walsh A, Adikari A, Goodin P, Alahakoon D, De Silva D, Ong KL, Nilsson M, Boyd L. Finding the Intersection of Neuroplasticity, Stroke Recovery, and Learning: Scope and Contributions to Stroke Rehabilitation. Neural Plast 2019; 2019:5232374. [PMID: 31191637 PMCID: PMC6525913 DOI: 10.1155/2019/5232374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Neural plastic changes are experience and learning dependent, yet exploiting this knowledge to enhance clinical outcomes after stroke is in its infancy. Our aim was to search the available evidence for the core concepts of neuroplasticity, stroke recovery, and learning; identify links between these concepts; and identify and review the themes that best characterise the intersection of these three concepts. Methods We developed a novel approach to identify the common research topics among the three areas: neuroplasticity, stroke recovery, and learning. A concept map was created a priori, and separate searches were conducted for each concept. The methodology involved three main phases: data collection and filtering, development of a clinical vocabulary, and the development of an automatic clinical text processing engine to aid the process and identify the unique and common topics. The common themes from the intersection of the three concepts were identified. These were then reviewed, with particular reference to the top 30 articles identified as intersecting these concepts. Results The search of the three concepts separately yielded 405,636 publications. Publications were filtered to include only human studies, generating 263,751 publications related to the concepts of neuroplasticity (n = 6,498), stroke recovery (n = 79,060), and learning (n = 178,193). A cluster concept map (network graph) was generated from the results; indicating the concept nodes, strength of link between nodes, and the intersection between all three concepts. We identified 23 common themes (topics) and the top 30 articles that best represent the intersecting themes. A time-linked pattern emerged. Discussion and Conclusions Our novel approach developed for this review allowed the identification of the common themes/topics that intersect the concepts of neuroplasticity, stroke recovery, and learning. These may be synthesised to advance a neuroscience-informed approach to stroke rehabilitation. We also identified gaps in available literature using this approach. These may help guide future targeted research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leeanne Carey
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Sciences and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Alistair Walsh
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Sciences and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia
| | - Achini Adikari
- Research Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Peter Goodin
- Neurorehabilitation and Recovery, Stroke Division, Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Heidelberg VIC 3084, Australia
- Department of Medicine and Neurology, Melbourne Brain Centre, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3050, Australia
| | - Damminda Alahakoon
- Research Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Daswin De Silva
- Research Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Kok-Leong Ong
- Research Centre for Data Analytics and Cognition, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Michael Nilsson
- Occupational Therapy, School of Allied Health, Human Sciences and Sport, College of Science, Health and Engineering, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medicine and Centre for Rehab Innovations, The University of Newcastle, Callaghan NSW 2308, Australia
- LKC School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University (NTU), 308232, Singapore
| | - Lara Boyd
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T 1Z3
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Doborjeh Z, Doborjeh M, Taylor T, Kasabov N, Wang GY, Siegert R, Sumich A. Spiking Neural Network Modelling Approach Reveals How Mindfulness Training Rewires the Brain. Sci Rep 2019; 9:6367. [PMID: 31015534 PMCID: PMC6478904 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been substantial interest in Mindfulness Training (MT) to understand how it can benefit healthy individuals as well as people with a broad range of health conditions. Research has begun to delineate associated changes in brain function. However, whether measures of brain function can be used to identify individuals who are more likely to respond to MT remains unclear. The present study applies a recently developed brain-inspired Spiking Neural Network (SNN) model to electroencephalography (EEG) data to provide novel insight into: i) brain function in depression; ii) the effect of MT on depressed and non-depressed individuals; and iii) neurobiological characteristics of depressed individuals who respond to mindfulness. Resting state EEG was recorded from before and after a 6 week MT programme in 18 participants. Based on self-report, 3 groups were formed: non-depressed (ND), depressed before but not after MT (responsive, D+) and depressed both before and after MT (unresponsive, D-). The proposed SNN, which utilises a standard brain-template, was used to model EEG data and assess connectivity, as indicated by activation levels across scalp regions (frontal, frontocentral, temporal, centroparietal and occipitoparietal), at baseline and follow-up. Results suggest an increase in activation following MT that was site-specific as a function of the group. Greater initial activation levels were seen in ND compared to depressed groups, and this difference was maintained at frontal and occipitoparietal regions following MT. At baseline, D+ had great activation than D-. Following MT, frontocentral and temporal activation reached ND levels in D+ but remained low in D-. Findings support the SNN approach in distinguishing brain states associated with depression and responsiveness to MT. The results also demonstrated that the SNN approach can be used to predict the effect of mindfulness on an individual basis before it is even applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Doborjeh
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute (KEDRI), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Maryam Doborjeh
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute (KEDRI), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Tamasin Taylor
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nikola Kasabov
- Knowledge Engineering and Discovery Research Institute (KEDRI), Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Grace Y Wang
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Richard Siegert
- Department of Psychology, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Alex Sumich
- Division of Psychology, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Lotze M, Domin M, Gerlach FH, Gaser C, Lueders E, Schmidt CO, Neumann N. Novel findings from 2,838 Adult Brains on Sex Differences in Gray Matter Brain Volume. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1671. [PMID: 30737437 PMCID: PMC6368548 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-38239-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
There is still disagreement among studies with respect to the magnitude, location, and direction of sex differences of local gray matter volume (GMV) in the human brain. Here, we applied a state-of-the-art technique examining GMV in a well-powered sample (n = 2,838) validating effects in two independent general-population cohorts, age range 21-90 years, measured using the same MRI scanner. More GMV in women than in men was prominent in medial and lateral prefrontal areas, the superior temporal sulcus, the posterior insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. In contrast, more GMV in men than in women was detected in subcortical temporal structures, such as the amygdala, hippocampus, temporal pole, fusiform gyrus, visual primary cortex, and motor areas (premotor cortex, putamen, anterior cerebellum). The findings in this large-scale study may clarify previous inconsistencies and contribute to the understanding of sex-specific differences in cognition and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lotze
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.
| | - Martin Domin
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Florian H Gerlach
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Eileen Lueders
- School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.,Laboratory of Neuro Imaging, School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Carsten O Schmidt
- SHIP, Institute for Community Medicine, University Medicine of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nicola Neumann
- Functional Imaging Unit, Department of Radiology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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Pi YL, Wu XH, Wang FJ, Liu K, Wu Y, Zhu H, Zhang J. Motor skill learning induces brain network plasticity: A diffusion-tensor imaging study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210015. [PMID: 30726222 PMCID: PMC6364877 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor skills and the acquisition of brain plasticity are important topics in current research. The development of non-invasive white matter imaging technology, such as diffusion-tensor imaging and the introduction of graph theory make it possible to study the effects of learning skills on the connection patterns of brain networks. However, few studies have characterized the brain network topological features of motor skill learning, especially open skill. Given the need to interact with environmental changes in real time, we hypothesized that the brain network of high-level open-skilled athletes had higher transmission efficiency and stronger interaction in attention, visual and sensorimotor networks. We selected 21 high-level basketball players and 25 ordinary individuals as control subjects, collected their DTI data, built a network of brain structures, and used graph theory to analyze and compare the network properties of the two groups at global and regional levels. In addition, we conducted a correlation analysis on the training years of high-level athletes and brain network nodal parameters on the regional level to assess the relationship between brain network topological characteristics and skills learning. We found that on the global-level, the brain network of high-level basketball players had a shorter path length, small-worldness, and higher global efficiency. On the regional level, the brain nodes of the high-level athletes had nodal parameters that were significantly higher than those of control groups, and were mainly distributed in the visual network, the default mode network, and the attention network. The changes in brain node parameters were significantly related to the number of training years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ling Pi
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Xu-Heng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng-Juan Wang
- Physical Education and Educational Science Department, Tianjin University of Sport, Tianjin, China
| | - Ke Liu
- Shanghai Punan Hospital of Pudong New District, Shanghai, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (HZ)
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail: (JZ); (HZ)
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Orlandi A, Proverbio AM. Bilateral engagement of the occipito-temporal cortex in response to dance kinematics in experts. Sci Rep 2019; 9:1000. [PMID: 30700799 PMCID: PMC6353946 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37876-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous evidence has shown neuroplastic changes in brain anatomy and connectivity associated with the acquisition of professional visuomotor skills. Reduced hemispherical asymmetry was found in the sensorimotor and visual areas in expert musicians and athletes compared with non-experts. Moreover, increased expertise with faces, body, and objects resulted in an enhanced engagement of the occipito-temporal cortex (OTC) during stimulus observation. The present study aimed at investigating whether intense and extended practice with dance would result in an enhanced symmetric response of OTC at an early stage of action processing. Expert ballet dancers and non-dancer controls were presented with videos depicting ballet steps during EEG recording. The observation of the moving dancer elicited a posterior N2 component, being larger over the left hemisphere in dancers than controls. The source reconstruction (swLORETA) of the negativity showed the engagement of the bilateral inferior and middle temporal regions in experts, while right-lateralized activity was found in controls. The dancers also showed an early P2 and enhanced P300 responses, indicating faster stimulus processing and subsequent recognition. This evidence seemed to suggest expertise-related increased sensitivity of the OTC in encoding body kinematics. Thus, we speculated that long-term whole-body practice would result in enriched and refined action processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Orlandi
- Neuro-MI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy.
| | - Alice Mado Proverbio
- Neuro-MI, Milan Center for Neuroscience, Department of Psychology, University of Milano - Bicocca, Milan, Italy
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