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Santamaría-García H, Cotrina JM, Torres NF, Buitrago C, Aponte-Canencio DM, Caicedo JC, Billeke P, Gantiva C, Baez S. Explicit and implicit markers of fairness preeminence in criminal judges. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17599. [PMID: 34475479 PMCID: PMC8413340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96962-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Achieving justice could be considered a complex social decision-making scenario. Despite the relevance of social decisions for legal contexts, these processes have still not been explored for individuals who work as criminal judges dispensing justice. To bridge the gap, we used a complex social decision-making task (Ultimatum game) and tracked a heart rate variability measurement: the square root of the mean squared differences of successive NN intervals (RMSSD) at their baseline (as an implicit measurement that tracks emotion regulation behavior) for criminal judges (n = 24) and a control group (n = 27). Our results revealed that, compared to controls, judges were slower and rejected a bigger proportion of unfair offers. Moreover, the rate of rejections and the reaction times were predicted by higher RMSSD scores for the judges. This study provides evidence about the impact of legal background and expertise in complex social decision-making. Our results contribute to understanding how expertise can shape criminal judges' social behaviors and pave the way for promising new research into the cognitive and physiological factors associated with social decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hernando Santamaría-García
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
| | - Jorge Martínez Cotrina
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Florez Torres
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Carlos Buitrago
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Mauricio Aponte-Canencio
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Juan Carlos Caicedo
- Área Salud, Conocimiento Médico y Sociedad, Centro de Investigaciones sobre dinámica Social. Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Humanas, Universidad Externado de Colombia, Calle 12 #1-17 Este, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Billeke
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia Social y Neuromodulación, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social (neuroCICS), Facultad de Gobierno, Universidad del Desarrollo, 7590943, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gantiva
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a 12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sandra Baez
- Departamento de Psicología, Universidad de los Andes, Cra. 1 #18a 12, 111711, Bogotá, Colombia.
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2
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Smith E, Ali D, Wilkerson B, Dawson WD, Sobowale K, Reynolds C, Berk M, Lavretsky H, Jeste D, Ng CH, Soares JC, Aragam G, Wainer Z, Manji HK, Licinio J, Lo AW, Storch E, Fu E, Leboyer M, Tarnanas I, Ibanez A, Manes F, Caddick S, Fillit H, Abbott R, Robertson IH, Chapman SB, Au R, Altimus CM, Hynes W, Brannelly P, Cummings J, Eyre HA. A Brain Capital Grand Strategy: toward economic reimagination. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3-22. [PMID: 33100330 PMCID: PMC8244537 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00918-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
‘I have not found among my possessions anything which I hold more dear than, or value so much as, my knowledge of the actions of great people, acquired by long experience in contemporary affairs, and a continual study of antiquity.’ The Prince, Machiavelli
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diab Ali
- School of Medicine, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Walter D Dawson
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
- Institute on Aging, College of Urban and Public Affairs, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kunmi Sobowale
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Charles Reynolds
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Orygen Youth Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Helen Lavretsky
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Dilip Jeste
- Sam and Rose Stein Institute for Research on Aging, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Chee H Ng
- Department of Psychiatry, The Melbourne Clinic and St Vincent's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Richmond, VIC, Australia
| | - Jair C Soares
- Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Louis Faillace Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, UTHealth, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gowri Aragam
- Brainstorm Laboratory for Mental Health Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Zoe Wainer
- Department of Genetics, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Husseini K Manji
- Neuroscience, Janssen Pharmaceuticals, Johnson & Johnson, Titusville, NJ, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Julio Licinio
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pharmacology, Medicine, and Neuroscience & Physiology, College of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Andrew W Lo
- Laboratory for Financial Engineering, Department of Finance, Sloan Business School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric Storch
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Marion Leboyer
- Psychiatry Department, University Paris Est Créteil, INSERM U955, FondaMental Foundation, Creteil, France
| | - Ioannis Tarnanas
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad San Andres, Riobamba 1276, C1116ABJ, San Andrés, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9 (C1425FQB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, School of Psychology, Adolfo Ibañez University, Av. Presidente Errázuriz 3328, Las Condes, Santiago, Chile
- Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Calle 90 # 46-112, Barranquilla, Atlántico, Colombia
| | - Facundo Manes
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Godoy Cruz 2290, Piso 9 (C1425FQB), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCYT), INECO Foundation, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Howard Fillit
- Departments of Geriatric Medicine, Palliative Care and Neuroscience, The Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, NY, USA
| | - Ryan Abbott
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior and Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- School of Law, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | - Ian H Robertson
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for BrainHealth, The BrainHealth Project, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sandra B Chapman
- Center for BrainHealth, The BrainHealth Project, The University of Texas at Dallas, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Rhoda Au
- Departments of Anatomy, Neurobiology, Neurology and Epidemiology, Boston University Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Cara M Altimus
- Center for Strategic Philanthropy, Milken Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - William Hynes
- New Approaches to Economic Challenges Unit, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), Paris, France
| | | | - Jeffrey Cummings
- Chambers-Grundy Center for Transformative Neuroscience, Department of Brain Health, School of Integrated Health Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Harris A Eyre
- Deakin University, IMPACT, The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Brainstorm Laboratory for Mental Health Innovation, Department of Psychiatry, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
- Discipline of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
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3
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Ibáñez A, García AM, Esteves S, Yoris A, Muñoz E, Reynaldo L, Pietto ML, Adolfi F, Manes F. Social neuroscience: undoing the schism between neurology and psychiatry. Soc Neurosci 2018; 13:1-39. [PMID: 27707008 PMCID: PMC11177280 DOI: 10.1080/17470919.2016.1245214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Multiple disorders once jointly conceived as "nervous diseases" became segregated by the distinct institutional traditions forged in neurology and psychiatry. As a result, each field specialized in the study and treatment of a subset of such conditions. Here we propose new avenues for interdisciplinary interaction through a triangulation of both fields with social neuroscience. To this end, we review evidence from five relevant domains (facial emotion recognition, empathy, theory of mind, moral cognition, and social context assessment), highlighting their common disturbances across neurological and psychiatric conditions and discussing their multiple pathophysiological mechanisms. Our proposal is anchored in multidimensional evidence, including behavioral, neurocognitive, and genetic findings. From a clinical perspective, this work paves the way for dimensional and transdiagnostic approaches, new pharmacological treatments, and educational innovations rooted in a combined neuropsychiatric training. Research-wise, it fosters new models of the social brain and a novel platform to explore the interplay of cognitive and social functions. Finally, we identify new challenges for this synergistic framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agustín Ibáñez
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- c Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology , Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez , Santiago de Chile , Chile
- d Universidad Autónoma del Caribe , Barranquilla , Colombia
- e Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Australian Research Council (ACR) , Sydney , Australia
| | - Adolfo M García
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- f Faculty of Elementary and Special Education (FEEyE) , National University of Cuyo (UNCuyo) , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Sol Esteves
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Adrián Yoris
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Edinson Muñoz
- g Departamento de Lingüística y Literatura, Facultad de Humanidades , Universidad de Santiago de Chile , Santiago , Chile
| | - Lucila Reynaldo
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | | | - Federico Adolfi
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- a Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive and Translational Neuroscience (INCyT), INECO Foundation , Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- b National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
- e Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Australian Research Council (ACR) , Sydney , Australia
- i Department of Experimental Psychology , University of South Carolina , Columbia , SC , USA
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4
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Baez S, Morales JP, Slachevsky A, Torralva T, Matus C, Manes F, Ibanez A. Orbitofrontal and limbic signatures of empathic concern and intentional harm in the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia. Cortex 2015; 75:20-32. [PMID: 26707083 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 09/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Perceiving and evaluating intentional harms in an interpersonal context engages both cognitive and emotional domains. This process involves inference of intentions, moral judgment, and, crucially, empathy towards others' suffering. This latter skill is notably impaired in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). However, the relationship between regional brain atrophy in bvFTD and deficits in the above-mentioned abilities is not well understood. The present study investigated how gray matter (GM) atrophy in bvFTD patients correlates with the perception and evaluation of harmful actions (attribution of intentionality, evaluation of harmful behavior, empathic concern, and moral judgment). First, we compared the behavioral performance of 26 bvFTD patients and 23 healthy controls on an experimental task (ET) indexing intentionality, empathy, and moral cognition during evaluation of harmful actions. Second, we compared GM volume in patients and controls using voxel-based morphometry (VBM). Third, we examined brain regions where atrophy might be associated with specific impairments in the patient group. Finally, we explored whether the patients' deficits in intentionality comprehension and empathic concern could be partially explained by regional GM atrophy or impairments in other relevant factors, such as executive functions (EFs). In bvFTD patients, atrophy of limbic structures (amygdala and anterior paracingulate cortex--APC) was related to impairments in intentionality comprehension, while atrophy of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) was associated with empathic concern deficits. Intentionality comprehension impairments were predicted by EFs and orbitofrontal atrophy predicted deficits in empathic concern. Thus, although the perception and evaluation of harmful actions are variously compromised in bvFTD, deficits in empathic concern may be central to this syndrome as they are associated with one of the earliest atrophied region. More generally, our results shed light on social cognition deficits in bvFTD and may have important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Baez
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina.
| | - Juan P Morales
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Slachevsky
- Departamento de Fisiopatología, ICBM y Departamento de Ciencias Neurológicas Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Unidad de Neurología Cognitiva y Demencias, Departamento de Neurología Oriente, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile y Servicio de Neurología, Hospital del Salvador, Santiago, Chile; Centro de Investigación Avanzada en Educación, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Servicio de Neurología, Clínica Alemana, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Cristian Matus
- Fundación Médica San Cristobal, Santiago, Chile; Hospital de Carabineros de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Facundo Manes
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; ACR Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro University, Buenos Aires, Argentina; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Faculty of Psychology, Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Argentina; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe, Barranquilla, Colombia; ACR Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Couto B, Adolfi F, Sedeño L, Salles A, Canales-Johnson A, Alvarez-Abut P, Garcia-Cordero I, Pietto M, Bekinschtein T, Sigman M, Manes F, Ibanez A. Disentangling interoception: insights from focal strokes affecting the perception of external and internal milieus. Front Psychol 2015; 6:503. [PMID: 25983697 PMCID: PMC4416458 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interoception is the moment-to-moment sensing of the physiological condition of the body. The multimodal sources of interoception can be classified into two different streams of afferents: an internal pathway of signals arising from core structures (i.e., heart, blood vessels, and bronchi) and an external pathway of body-mapped sensations (i.e., chemosensation and pain) arising from peripersonal space. This study examines differential processing along these streams within the insular cortex (IC) and their subcortical tracts connecting frontotemporal networks. Two rare patients presenting focal lesions of the IC (insular lesion, IL) or its subcortical tracts (subcortical lesion, SL) were tested. Internally generated interoceptive streams were assessed through a heartbeat detection (HBD) task, while those externally triggered were tapped via taste, smell, and pain recognition tasks. A differential pattern was observed. The IC patient showed impaired internal signal processing while the SL patient exhibited external perception deficits. Such selective deficits remained even when comparing each patient with a group of healthy controls and a group of brain-damaged patients. These outcomes suggest the existence of distinguishable interoceptive streams. Results are discussed in relation with neuroanatomical substrates, involving a fronto-insulo-temporal network for interoceptive and cognitive contextual integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blas Couto
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico Adolfi
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Sedeño
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejo Salles
- Physics Department, University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrés Canales-Johnson
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; Medical Research Council-Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit Cambridge, UK
| | - Pablo Alvarez-Abut
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Indira Garcia-Cordero
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Pietto
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Mariano Sigman
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Universidad Torcuato Di Tella Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders Sidney, NSW, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology, Favaloro University Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders Sidney, NSW, Australia ; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe Barranquilla, Colombia
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6
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Gonzalez-Gadea ML, Herrera E, Parra M, Gomez Mendez P, Baez S, Manes F, Ibanez A. Emotion recognition and cognitive empathy deficits in adolescent offenders revealed by context-sensitive tasks. Front Hum Neurosci 2014; 8:850. [PMID: 25374529 PMCID: PMC4204464 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2014.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion recognition and empathy abilities require the integration of contextual information in real-life scenarios. Previous reports have explored these domains in adolescent offenders (AOs) but have not used tasks that replicate everyday situations. In this study we included ecological measures with different levels of contextual dependence to evaluate emotion recognition and empathy in AOs relative to non-offenders, controlling for the effect of demographic variables. We also explored the influence of fluid intelligence (FI) and executive functions (EFs) in the prediction of relevant deficits in these domains. Our results showed that AOs exhibit deficits in context-sensitive measures of emotion recognition and cognitive empathy. Difficulties in these tasks were neither explained by demographic variables nor predicted by FI or EFs. However, performance on measures that included simpler stimuli or could be solved by explicit knowledge was either only partially affected by demographic variables or preserved in AOs. These findings indicate that AOs show contextual social-cognition impairments which are relatively independent of basic cognitive functioning and demographic variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Luz Gonzalez-Gadea
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile
| | - Eduar Herrera
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; Universidad Autonoma del Caribe Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Mario Parra
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; Human Cognitive Neuroscience, Psychology Department, University of Edinburgh Edinburgh, UK ; Scottish Dementia Clinical Research Network Perth, UK ; Neuropsy and Biomedical Unit, Health School, University Surcolombiana Neiva, Colombia
| | | | - Sandra Baez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile
| | - Facundo Manes
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience, Institute of Cognitive Neurology Buenos Aires, Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council Buenos Aires, Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience, Diego Portales University Santiago, Chile ; Universidad Autonoma del Caribe Barranquilla, Colombia ; Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Australian Research Council Sydney, NSW, Australia
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7
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Baez S, Manes F, Huepe D, Torralva T, Fiorentino N, Richter F, Huepe-Artigas D, Ferrari J, Montañes P, Reyes P, Matallana D, Vigliecca NS, Decety J, Ibanez A. Primary empathy deficits in frontotemporal dementia. Front Aging Neurosci 2014; 6:262. [PMID: 25346685 PMCID: PMC4193328 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Loss of empathy is an early central symptom and diagnostic criterion of the behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD). Although changes in empathy are evident and strongly affect the social functioning of bvFTD patients, few studies have directly investigated this issue by means of experimental paradigms. The current study assessed multiple components of empathy (affective, cognitive and moral) in bvFTD patients. We also explored whether the loss of empathy constitutes a primary deficit of bvFTD or whether it is explained by impairments in executive functions (EF) or other social cognition domains. Thirty-seven bvFTD patients with early/mild stages of the disease and 30 healthy control participants were assessed with a task that involves the perception of intentional and accidental harm. Participants were also evaluated on emotion recognition, theory of mind (ToM), social norms knowledge and several EF domains. BvFTD patients presented deficits in affective, cognitive and moral aspects of empathy. However, empathic concern was the only aspect primarily affected in bvFTD that was neither related nor explained by deficits in EF or other social cognition domains. Deficits in the cognitive and moral aspects of empathy seem to depend on EF, emotion recognition and ToM. Our findings highlight the importance of using tasks depicting real-life social scenarios because of their greater sensitivity in the assessment of bvFTD. Moreover, our results contribute to the understanding of primary and intrinsic empathy deficits of bvFTD and have important theoretical and clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Baez
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Facundo Manes
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Australian Research Council (ACR) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its DisordersSydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David Huepe
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Universidad Diego PortalesSantiago, Chile
| | - Teresa Torralva
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
| | - Natalia Fiorentino
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
| | - Fabian Richter
- Department of Psychology, University of CologneCologne, Germany
| | - Daniela Huepe-Artigas
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
- Laboratory of Cognitive and Social Neuroscience, Universidad Diego PortalesSantiago, Chile
| | - Jesica Ferrari
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Montañes
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Instituto de Envejecimiento, Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San IgnacioBogotá, Colombia
- Universidad Nacional de ColombiaBogotá, Colombia
| | - Pablo Reyes
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Instituto de Envejecimiento, Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San IgnacioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Diana Matallana
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental, Facultad de Medicina, Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Instituto de Envejecimiento, Universidad Javeriana, Hospital San IgnacioBogotá, Colombia
| | - Nora S. Vigliecca
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Humanidades (IDH) de la Facultad de Filosofía y Humanidades, Universidad Nacional de CórdobaCórdoba, Argentina
| | - Jean Decety
- Department of Psychology and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of ChicagoChicago, IL, USA
| | - Agustin Ibanez
- Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO) & Institute of Neuroscience, Favaloro UniversityBuenos Aires, Argentina
- UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales UniversitySantiago, Chile
- National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET)Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Australian Research Council (ACR) Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its DisordersSydney, NSW, Australia
- Universidad Autonoma del CaribeBarranquilla, Colombia
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García AM, Ibáñez A. Two-person neuroscience and naturalistic social communication: the role of language and linguistic variables in brain-coupling research. Front Psychiatry 2014; 5:124. [PMID: 25249986 PMCID: PMC4155792 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2014.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Social cognitive neuroscience (SCN) seeks to understand the brain mechanisms through which we comprehend others' emotions and intentions in order to react accordingly. For decades, SCN has explored relevant domains by exposing individual participants to predesigned stimuli and asking them to judge their social (e.g., emotional) content. Subjects are thus reduced to detached observers of situations that they play no active role in. However, the core of our social experience is construed through real-time interactions requiring the active negotiation of information with other people. To gain more relevant insights into the workings of the social brain, the incipient field of two-person neuroscience (2PN) advocates the study of brain-to-brain coupling through multi-participant experiments. In this paper, we argue that the study of online language-based communication constitutes a cornerstone of 2PN. First, we review preliminary evidence illustrating how verbal interaction may shed light on the social brain. Second, we advance methodological recommendations to design experiments within language-based 2PN. Finally, we formulate outstanding questions for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adolfo M García
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina ; School of Languages, National University of Córdoba , Córdoba , Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University , Santiago , Chile
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Laboratory of Experimental Psychology and Neuroscience (LPEN), Institute of Cognitive Neurology (INECO), Favaloro University , Buenos Aires , Argentina ; National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina ; UDP-INECO Foundation Core on Neuroscience (UIFCoN), Diego Portales University , Santiago , Chile ; Universidad Autónoma del Caribe , Barranquilla , Colombia ; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders , Sydney, NSW , Australia
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