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Abalo-Rodríguez I, Santos-Mayo A, Moratti S. Pavlovian conditioning-induced hallucinations reduce MMN amplitudes for duration but not frequency deviants. Schizophr Res 2023; 256:63-71. [PMID: 37156071 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.04.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The mismatch negativity (MMN) is an evoked potential that indexes auditory regularity violations. Since the 90's, a reduced amplitude of this brain activity in patients with schizophrenia has been consistently reported. Recently, this alteration has been related to the presence of auditory hallucinations (AHs) rather than the schizophrenia diagnostic per se. However, making this attribution is rather problematic due to the high heterogeneity of symptoms in schizophrenia. In an attempt to isolate the AHs influence on the MMN amplitude from other cofounding variables, we artificially induced AHs in a non-clinical population by Pavlovian conditioning. Before and after conditioning, volunteers (N = 31) participated in an oddball paradigm that elicited an MMN. Two different types of deviants were presented: a frequency and a duration deviant, as the MMN alteration seems to be especially present in schizophrenia with the latter type of deviant. Hence, this pre-post design allowed us to compare whether experiencing conditioning-induced AHs exert any influence on MMN amplitudes. Our results show that duration-deviant related MMN reductions significantly correlate with the number of AHs experienced. Moreover, we found a significant correlation between AHs proneness (measured with the Launay-Slade Hallucination Extended Scale) and the number of AHs experienced during the paradigm. In sum, our study shows that AHs can be conditioned and exert similar effects on MMN modulation in healthy participants as has been reported for patients with schizophrenia. Thus, conditioning paradigms offer the possibility to study the association between hallucinations and MMN reductions without the confounding variables present in schizophrenia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Abalo-Rodríguez
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Center of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Santos-Mayo
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Center of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Moratti
- Department of Experimental Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain; Center of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience, Complutense University of Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Wang LJ, Cheng TH, Geng JS, Yang J, Liu C, Zhu GH, Luo JC, Wang GZ, Zhu XH, Wang Y, Huang J, Wang YY. Comparisons of facial emotion recognition in different social contexts among patients with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 83:103566. [PMID: 36965453 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have found that patients with schizophrenia (SCZ), major depressive disorder (MDD), and bipolar disorder (BD) all have facial emotion recognition deficits, but the differences and similarities of these deficits in the three groups of patients under different social interaction situations are not clear. The present study aims to compare the ability of facial emotion recognition in three different conversation situations from a cross-diagnostic perspective. METHODS Thirty-three participants with SCZ, 35 participants with MDD, and 30 participants with BD were recruited, along with 31 healthy controls. A computer-based task was given to assess the ability of Facial Emotion Categorization (FEC) under three different conversational situations (praise, blame, and inquiry). RESULTS In the "praise" situation, patients with SCZ, MDD and BD were all slower to recognize anger emotion than the healthy controls. In all three clinical groups, patients with SCZ recognized angry faces faster than those with MDD and BD on a continuum from happy faces to angry faces in the "inquiry" situation, while no significant difference was found in the latter two groups. In addition, no significant defect was found in the percentage and threshold of angry face recognition in all three patient groups. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that patients with SCZ, MDD, and BD share both common and distinct deficits in facial emotion recognition during social interactions, which may be beneficial for early screening and precise intervention for these mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Jun Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Tian-Hua Cheng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Jia-Sen Geng
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Juan Yang
- Mental Health Centre of Weifang city, Shandong 261071, China
| | - Chang Liu
- Mental Health Centre of Weifang city, Shandong 261071, China
| | - Guo-Hui Zhu
- Mental Health Centre of Weifang city, Shandong 261071, China
| | - Jia-Cheng Luo
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Gui-Zhen Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China; Outpatient department of clinical psychology, Mental Health Centre of Linyi city, Shandong 276005, China
| | - Xiang He Zhu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China
| | - Yi Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Jia Huang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Institute of Psychology, Beijing 100101, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yan-Yu Wang
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Shandong 261053, China.
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3
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Interaction effects of the 5-HTT and MAOA-uVNTR gene variants on pre-attentive EEG activity in response to threatening voices. Commun Biol 2022; 5:340. [PMID: 35396540 PMCID: PMC8993814 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03297-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Both the serotonin transporter polymorphism (5-HTTLPR) and the monoamine oxidase A gene (MAOA-uVNTR) are considered genetic contributors for anxiety-related symptomatology and aggressive behavior. Nevertheless, an interaction between these genes and the pre-attentive processing of threatening voices -a biological marker for anxiety-related conditions- has not been assessed yet. Among the entire sample of participants in the study with valid genotyping and electroencephalographic (EEG) data (N = 140), here we show that men with low-activity MAOA-uVNTR, and who were not homozygous for the 5-HTTLPR short allele (s) (n = 11), had significantly larger fearful MMN amplitudes -as driven by significant larger ERPs to fearful stimuli- than men with high-activity MAOA-uVNTR variants (n = 20). This is in contrast with previous studies, where significantly reduced fearful MMN amplitudes, driven by increased ERPs to neutral stimuli, were observed in those homozygous for the 5-HTT s-allele. In conclusion, using genetic, neurophysiological, and behavioral measurements, this study illustrates how the intricate interaction between the 5-HTT and the MAOA-uVNTR variants have an impact on threat processing, and social cognition, in male individuals (n = 62).
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An integrative analysis of 5HTT-mediated mechanism of hyperactivity to non-threatening voices. Commun Biol 2020; 3:113. [PMID: 32157156 PMCID: PMC7064530 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-0850-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The tonic model delineating the serotonin transporter polymorphism’s (5-HTTLPR) modulatory effect on anxiety points towards a universal underlying mechanism involving a hyper-or-elevated baseline level of arousal even to non-threatening stimuli. However, to our knowledge, this mechanism has never been observed in non-clinical cohorts exhibiting high anxiety. Moreover, empirical support regarding said association is mixed, potentially because of publication bias with a relatively small sample size. Hence, how the 5-HTTLPR modulates neural correlates remains controversial. Here we show that 5-HTTLPR short-allele carriers had significantly increased baseline ERPs and reduced fearful MMN, phenomena which can nevertheless be reversed by acute anxiolytic treatment. This provides evidence that the 5-HTT affects the automatic processing of threatening and non-threatening voices, impacts broadly on social cognition, and conclusively asserts the heightened baseline arousal level as the universal underlying neural mechanism for anxiety-related susceptibilities, functioning as a spectrum-like distribution from high trait anxiety non-patients to anxiety patients. Chen et al. apply a multi-level approach to show that serotonin signaling modulates neuronal responses to both threatening and non-threatening voices even in the pre-attentive stage. They show that 5-HTTLPR short-allele carriers had higher baseline event-related potentials and lower fearful mismatch negativity, which can be reversed by acute anxiolytic treatment.
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5
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Luo Y, Zhang J, Wang C, Zhao X, Chang Q, Wang H, Wang C. Discriminating schizophrenia disease progression using a P50 sensory gating task with dense-array EEG, clinical assessments, and cognitive tests. Expert Rev Neurother 2019; 19:459-470. [DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2019.1601558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Luo
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Jicong Zhang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
| | - Xiaohui Zhao
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Qi Chang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Hua Wang
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, 100083, China
- Hefei Innovation Research Institute, Beihang University, Hefei, 100083, Anhui, China
| | - Chuanyue Wang
- Beijing Anding Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100088, China
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6
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Parmentier FBR, Fraga I, Leiva A, Ferré P. Distraction by deviant sounds: disgusting and neutral words capture attention to the same extent. PSYCHOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2019; 84:1801-1814. [PMID: 31053888 PMCID: PMC7478951 DOI: 10.1007/s00426-019-01192-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have argued that words evoking negative emotions, such as disgust, grab attention more than neutral words, and leave traces in memory that are more persistent. However, these conclusions are typically based on tasks requiring participants to process the semantic content of these words in a voluntarily manner. We sought to compare the involuntary attention grabbing power of disgusting and neutral words using them as rare and unexpected auditory distractors in a cross-modal oddball task, and then probing the participants’ memory for these stimuli in a surprise recognition task. Frequentist and Bayesian analyses converged to show that, compared to a standard tone, disgusting and neutral auditory words produced significant but equivalent levels of distraction in a visual categorization task, that they elicited comparable levels of memory discriminability in the incidental recognition task, and that the participants’ individual sensitivity to disgust did not influence the results. Our results suggest that distraction by unexpected words is not modulated by their emotional valence, at least when these words are task-irrelevant and are temporally and perceptually decoupled from the target stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrice B R Parmentier
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), Ed. Cientifico-Tecnico (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa, km 75, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. .,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain. .,School of Psychology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Isabel Fraga
- Cognitive Processes and Behavior Research Group, Department of Social Psychology, Basic Psychology and Methodology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alicia Leiva
- Department of Psychology and Research Institute for Health Sciences (iUNICS), Ed. Cientifico-Tecnico (iUNICS), University of the Balearic Islands, Ctra de Valldemossa, km 75, 07122, Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain.,Balearic Islands Health Research Institute (IdISBa), Palma, Balearic Islands, Spain
| | - Pilar Ferré
- Department of Psychology and CRAMC, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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7
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Chen C, Martínez RM, Cheng Y. The Developmental Origins of the Social Brain: Empathy, Morality, and Justice. Front Psychol 2018; 9:2584. [PMID: 30618998 PMCID: PMC6302010 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The social brain is the cornerstone that effectively negotiates and navigates complex social environments and relationships. When mature, these social abilities facilitate the interaction and cooperation with others. Empathy, morality, and justice, among others, are all closely intertwined, yet the relationships between them are quite complex. They are fundamental components of our human nature, and shape the landscape of our social lives. The various facets of empathy, including affective arousal/emotional sharing, empathic concern, and perspective taking, have unique contributions as subcomponents of morality. This review helps understand how basic forms of empathy, morality, and justice are substantialized in early ontogeny. It provides valuable information as to gain new insights into the underlying neurobiological precursors of the social brain, enabling future translation toward therapeutic and medical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan.,Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Róger Marcelo Martínez
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Education and Research, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Chen C, Chen YC, Chen KL, Cheng Y. Atypical Anxiety-Related Amygdala Reactivity and Functional Connectivity in Sant Mat Meditation. Front Behav Neurosci 2018; 12:298. [PMID: 30564108 PMCID: PMC6288484 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2018.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
While meditation has drawn much attention in cognitive neuroscience, the neural mechanisms underlying its emotional processing remains elusive. Sant Mat meditators were recruited, who adopt a loving-kindness mode of meditation along with a vegetarian diet and an alcohol-restricted lifestyle and novices. We assessed their State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and scanned their amygdala reactivity in response to an explicit and implicit (backward masked) perception of fearful and happy faces. In contrast with novices, meditators reported lower STAI scores. Meditators showed stronger amygdala reactivity to explicit happiness than to fear, whereas novices exhibited the opposite pattern. The amygdala reactivity was reduced in meditators regardless of implicit fear or happiness. Those who had more lifetime practice in meditation reported lower STAI and showed a weaker amygdala response to fear. Furthermore, the amygdala in meditators, relative to novices, had a stronger positive functional connectivity with the ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (PFC) to explicit happiness, but a more negative connectivity with the insula and medial orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) to explicit fear. Mediation analysis indicated the amygdala reactivity as the mediator for the linkage between meditation experience and trait anxiety. The findings demonstrate the neural correlates that underpin the beneficial effects of meditation in Sant Mat. Long-term meditation could be functionally coupled with the amygdala reactivity to explicit and implicit emotional processing, which would help reduce anxiety and potentially enhance well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chun Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ling Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research and Education, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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9
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Chen C, Chan CW, Cheng Y. Test-Retest Reliability of Mismatch Negativity (MMN) to Emotional Voices. Front Hum Neurosci 2018; 12:453. [PMID: 30498437 PMCID: PMC6249375 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2018.00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A voice from kin species conveys indispensable social and affective signals with uniquely phylogenetic and ontogenetic standpoints. However, the neural underpinning of emotional voices, beyond low-level acoustic features, activates a processing chain that proceeds from the auditory pathway to the brain structures implicated in cognition and emotion. By using a passive auditory oddball paradigm, which employs emotional voices, this study investigates the test–retest reliability of emotional mismatch negativity (MMN), indicating that the deviants of positively (happily)- and negatively (angrily)-spoken syllables, as compared to neutral standards, can trigger MMN as a response to an automatic discrimination of emotional salience. The neurophysiological estimates of MMN to positive and negative deviants appear to be highly reproducible, irrespective of the subject’s attentional disposition: whether the subjects are set to a condition that involves watching a silent movie or do a working memory task. Specifically, negativity bias is evinced as threatening, relative to positive vocalizations, consistently inducing larger MMN amplitudes, regardless of the day and the time of a day. The present findings provide evidence to support the fact that emotional MMN offers a stable platform to detect subtle changes in current emotional shifts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Chen
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Humanities in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Research Center of Brain and Consciousness, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Wen Chan
- Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University Hospital, Yilan, Taiwan.,Institute of Neuroscience and Brain Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Research and Education, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Randeniya R, Oestreich LKL, Garrido MI. Sensory prediction errors in the continuum of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:109-122. [PMID: 28457774 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory prediction errors are fundamental brain responses that signal a violation of expectation in either the internal or external sensory environment, and are therefore crucial for survival and adaptive behaviour. Patients with schizophrenia show deficits in these internal and external sensory prediction errors, which can be measured using electroencephalography (EEG) components such as N1 and mismatch negativity (MMN), respectively. New evidence suggests that these deficits in sensory prediction errors are more widely distributed on a continuum of psychosis, whereas psychotic experiences exist to varying degrees throughout the general population. In this paper, we review recent findings in sensory prediction errors in the auditory domain across the continuum of psychosis, and discuss these in light of the predictive coding hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Randeniya
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - L K L Oestreich
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Australia
| | - M I Garrido
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia; Centre for Advanced Imaging, The University of Queensland, Australia; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Australia; ARC Centre for Integrative Brain Function, Australia.
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11
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Avissar M, Xie S, Vail B, Lopez-Calderon J, Wang Y, Javitt DC. Meta-analysis of mismatch negativity to simple versus complex deviants in schizophrenia. Schizophr Res 2018; 191:25-34. [PMID: 28709770 PMCID: PMC5745291 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Mismatch negativity (MMN) deficits in schizophrenia (SCZ) have been studied extensively since the early 1990s, with the vast majority of studies using simple auditory oddball task deviants that vary in a single acoustic dimension such as pitch or duration. There has been a growing interest in using more complex deviants that violate more abstract rules to probe higher order cognitive deficits. It is still unclear how sensory processing deficits compare to and contribute to higher order cognitive dysfunction, which can be investigated with later attention-dependent auditory event-related potential (ERP) components such as a subcomponent of P300, P3b. In this meta-analysis, we compared MMN deficits in SCZ using simple deviants to more complex deviants. We also pooled studies that measured MMN and P3b in the same study sample and examined the relationship between MMN and P3b deficits within study samples. Our analysis reveals that, to date, studies using simple deviants demonstrate larger deficits than those using complex deviants, with effect sizes in the range of moderate to large. The difference in effect sizes between deviant types was reduced significantly when accounting for magnitude of MMN measured in healthy controls. P3b deficits, while large, were only modestly greater than MMN deficits (d=0.21). Taken together, our findings suggest that MMN to simple deviants may still be optimal as a biomarker for SCZ and that sensory processing dysfunction contributes significantly to MMN deficit and disease pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Avissar
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States.
| | - Shanghong Xie
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Blair Vail
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Javier Lopez-Calderon
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States
| | - Yuanjia Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Daniel C Javitt
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, United States; Program in Cognitive Neuroscience and Schizophrenia, Nathan Kline Institute, Orangeburg, NY, United States
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12
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Chen C, Hu CH, Cheng Y. Mismatch negativity (MMN) stands at the crossroads between explicit and implicit emotional processing. Hum Brain Mapp 2016; 38:140-150. [PMID: 27534834 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The amygdala is known as a key brain region involved in the explicit and implicit processing of emotional faces, and plays a crucial role in salience detection. Not until recently was the mismatch negativity (MMN), a component of the event-related potentials to an odd stimulus in a sequence of stimuli, utilized as an index of preattentive salience detection of emotional voice processing. However, their relationship remains to be delineated. This study combined the fMRI scanning and event-related potential recording by examining amygdala reactivity in response to explicit and implicit (backward masked) perception of fearful and angry faces, along with recording MMN in response to the fearfully and angrily spoken syllables dada in healthy subjects who varied in trait anxiety (STAI-T). Results indicated that the amplitudes of fearful MMN were positively correlated with left amygdala reactivity to explicit perception of fear, but negatively correlated with right amygdala reactivity to implicit perception of fear. The fearful MMN predicted STAI-T along with left amygdala reactivity to explicit fear, whereas the association between fearful MMN and STAI-T was mediated by right amygdala reactivity to implicit fear. These findings suggest that amygdala reactivity in response to explicit and implicit threatening faces exhibits opposite associations with emotional MMN. In terms of emotional processing, MMN not only reflects preattentive saliency detection but also stands at the crossroads of explicit and implicit perception. Hum Brain Mapp 38:140-150, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Chen
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hsuan Hu
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yawei Cheng
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Rehabilitation, National Yang-Ming University, Yilan, Taiwan
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