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Prudêncio DA, Maffulli N, Migliorini F, Serafim TT, Nunes LF, Sanada LS, Okubo R. Eccentric exercise is more effective than other exercises in the treatment of mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Sports Sci Med Rehabil 2023; 15:9. [PMID: 36698184 PMCID: PMC9878810 DOI: 10.1186/s13102-023-00618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Achilles tendinopathy (AT) is one of the most frequent overuse injuries in the ankle. The evidence base for its conservative management AT continues to evolve, but there is still a gap in the evidence for the efficacy of any modality of treatment in high-quality studies. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of EE in improving pain and function in adult patients with mid-portion Achilles tendinopathy compared to other forms of exercise. A search was performed in PubMed, BIREME, SportDiscus, Cinahl, Web of Science and PEDro, in November 2022. The methodological quality was evaluated using the Risk of Bias 2 tool (RoB2) of the Cochrane collaboration, and the meta-analysis was performed using the Review Manager 5.1 program. 2024 articles were identified and eight fulfilled the inclusion criteria. RoB2 presented a final score with 62.5% of the studies presented "some concerns", and 37.5% (five and three articles, respectively) presenting "high risk" of bias. EE was effective for the managment of AT. The only variable for which a meta-analysis was possible was pain (five articles), analysed with the visual analogue scale/numerical visual scale. The mean difference (MD) in treatment effect using EE was - 1.21 (- 2.72 to - 0.30) with a 95% of confidence interval (CI), thus identifying a significant positive effect for the improvement of pain in patients with AT in whom EE was used. EE is effective in the management of AT. The meta-analysis shows the need for appropriately powered randomized controlled trials with better design, the use of standard outcome measures and well-planned protocols for conservative management of AT.Level of evidence: Level 1.Registration: CRD42018118016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Ailton Prudêncio
- grid.412287.a0000 0001 2150 7271Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Postgraduation Program (PPGF), Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Nicola Maffulli
- grid.11780.3f0000 0004 1937 0335Department of Orthopaedics, School of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy ,grid.9757.c0000 0004 0415 6205School of Pharmacy and Bioengineering, Faculty of Medicine, Keele University, Stoke On Trent, UK ,grid.4464.20000 0001 2161 2573Centre for Sports and Exercise Medicine at Queen, Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Filippo Migliorini
- grid.412301.50000 0000 8653 1507Department of Orthopaedic, Trauma, and Reconstructive Surgery, RWTH University Hospital, Pauwelsstraße 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thiago Teixeira Serafim
- grid.412287.a0000 0001 2150 7271Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Postgraduation Program (PPGF), Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luis Felipe Nunes
- grid.411237.20000 0001 2188 7235Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sayuri Sanada
- grid.412287.a0000 0001 2150 7271Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Postgraduation Program (PPGF), Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Okubo
- grid.412287.a0000 0001 2150 7271Department of Physiotherapy, Physiotherapy Postgraduation Program (PPGF), Santa Catarina State University, Florianópolis, Brazil
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Yin Y, Yang S, Xiao K, Wang T, Wang J, Schöllhorn WI, Zhu D, Pang X. Comparison of the acute effects of Tai chi versus high-intensity interval training on inhibitory control in individuals with substance use disorder. Front Psychol 2022; 13:941719. [PMID: 36267065 PMCID: PMC9577467 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.941719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a single session of Tai chi (TC) exercise and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on inhibitory control in individuals with substance use disorder (SUD).MethodsA total 47 males with methamphetamine dependence were recruited from a compulsory drug rehabilitation center; participation in this study was voluntary. The participants were randomly assigned to the TC group or the HIIT group, and computer-based Go/No-go and Stroop tasks were used to assess inhibitory control in an indoor setting prior to and following exercise. Independent sample t-test was applied for baseline comparison of continuous variables, while analysis of variance was applied to test differences in the effect of each intervention before and after a single session of exercise.ResultsIn Go/No-go test, the reaction time of the TC and HIIT groups in the post-test was shorter than that at the baseline, and the response accuracy of the post-test were higher than that of the baseline. In the Stroop task, the reaction time of two groups in the post-test was shorter than that at the baseline; while, greater improvement in response accuracy was observed in HIIT group in the post-test than that of the baseline.ConclusionBoth TC and HIIT can promote inhibitory control in individuals with SUD. Compared with the TC group, the HIIT group showed greater improvements in response accuracy. These findings demonstrate the potential of TC and HIIT in improving cognition in SUD.Clinical trial registration[http://www.chictr.org.cn/], identifier [ChiCTR1900022158].
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqiang Yin
- Department of PE and Military Training, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Suyong Yang
- School of Psychology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Xiao
- Department of Physiological Rehabilitation, Shanghai Drug Administration, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianyuan Wang
- College of Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiabin Wang
- College of Wushu, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
| | - Wolfgang I. Schöllhorn
- Department of Training and Movement Science, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Dong Zhu
- School of International Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, China
- Dong Zhu,
| | - Xiaowu Pang
- Department of Physical Education, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaowu Pang,
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Acute effect of physical exercise on negative affect in borderline personality disorder: A pilot study. CLINICAL PSYCHOLOGY IN EUROPE 2022; 4:e7495. [DOI: 10.32872/cpe.7495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Physical exercise is an evidence-based treatment to reduce symptoms and negative affect in several psychiatric disorders, including depressive, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. However, the effect of physical exercise on negative affect in patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) has not yet been investigated. In this pilot study, we tested the safety, acceptability, and potential acute effects on negative affect of a single session of aerobic physical exercise in adults with BPD.
Method
After completing a negative mood induction procedure, 28 adults with BPD were randomly assigned to a 20-minute single session of stationary bicycle or a control condition (emotionally neutral video).
Results
No adverse effects attributed to the physical exercise were reported and it was considered acceptable to patients. Following the negative mood induction, both conditions decreased the level of negative affect with a medium effect size but there was no significant difference between them.
Conclusion
The results suggest that a single 20-minute session of physical exercise does not produce a reduction of negative affect in BPD. Future research should consider the duration and intensities of physical exercise with the greatest potential to reduce negative affect both acutely and in a more prolonged manner in this patient group.
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Loprinzi PD, Rigdon B, Javadi AH, Kelemen W. EXPRESS: Effects of Acute Exercise Intensity on Source Episodic Memory and Metamemory Accuracy. Q J Exp Psychol (Hove) 2021; 75:2232-2243. [PMID: 34911407 DOI: 10.1177/17470218211069856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Prior research suggests that behavioral (e.g., exercise) and psychological factors (e.g., metamemory; monitoring and control of one's memory processes) may influence memory function. However, there is conflicting results on the optimal intensity of acute exercise to enhance memory and whether acute exercise can also enhance metamemory. Further, very limited research has evaluated whether acute exercise can influence source episodic memory. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether there is an intensity-specific effect of acute aerobic exercise on source episodic memory and metamemory accuracy. Thirty young adults participated in a three condition (Control/Moderate/Vigorous-Intensity Exercise), within-subject counterbalanced experimental study. After each intervention, participants completed source episodic memory and metamemory tasks. Results demonstrated that acute exercise, relative to control, was effective in enhancing source episodic memory, but not metamemory accuracy. Vigorous-intensity acute exercise was the most optimal intensity to enhance source episodic memory. Overall, our findings suggest that there is an intensity-specific effect of acute exercise on source episodic memory. Further, when exercise-related improvements in memory occur, young adults may be unaware of these memory benefits from exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Loprinzi
- Associate Professor, Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA 8083
| | - Brandon Rigdon
- Department of Health, Exercise Science and Recreation Management, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, USA 8083
| | - Amir-Homayoun Javadi
- Senior Lecturer in Cognitive Psychology and Cognitive Neuroscience, School of Psychology, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom; Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2240
| | - William Kelemen
- Professor and Chair, Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA 7174
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Herold F, Törpel A, Hamacher D, Budde H, Zou L, Strobach T, Müller NG, Gronwald T. Causes and Consequences of Interindividual Response Variability: A Call to Apply a More Rigorous Research Design in Acute Exercise-Cognition Studies. Front Physiol 2021; 12:682891. [PMID: 34366881 PMCID: PMC8339555 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.682891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The different responses of humans to an apparently equivalent stimulus are called interindividual response variability. This phenomenon has gained more and more attention in research in recent years. The research field of exercise-cognition has also taken up this topic, as shown by a growing number of studies published in the past decade. In this perspective article, we aim to prompt the progress of this research field by (i) discussing the causes and consequences of interindividual variability, (ii) critically examining published studies that have investigated interindividual variability of neurocognitive outcome parameters in response to acute physical exercises, and (iii) providing recommendations for future studies, based on our critical examination. The provided recommendations, which advocate for a more rigorous study design, are intended to help researchers in the field to design studies allowing them to draw robust conclusions. This, in turn, is very likely to foster the development of this research field and the practical application of the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Herold
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Hamacher
- Department of Sport Science, German University for Health and Sports (DHGS), Berlin, Germany
| | - Henning Budde
- Faculty of Human Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Liye Zou
- Exercise and Mental Health Laboratory, Institute of KEEP Collaborative Innovation, School of Psychology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tilo Strobach
- Department of Psychology, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Notger G Müller
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto von Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.,Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Magdeburg, Germany.,Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences (CBBS), Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Gronwald
- Department of Performance, Neuroscience, Therapy and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, MSH Medical School Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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6
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Oberste M, Javelle F, Sharma S, Joisten N, Walzik D, Bloch W, Zimmer P. Effects and Moderators of Acute Aerobic Exercise on Subsequent Interference Control: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2616. [PMID: 31824387 PMCID: PMC6881262 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Acute aerobic exercise leads to positive physiological adaptations within the central nervous system. These findings inspired research on potential cognitive benefits following acute aerobic exercise. The effects of acute aerobic exercise on subsequent cognitive performance, by far, have been the most researched for interference control, a subcomponent of executive function. The results of primary studies on the effects of acute aerobic exercise on subsequent interference control performance are inconsistent. Therefore, we used meta-analytic methods to pool available effect sizes, and to identify covariates that determine the magnitude of exercise-induced interference control benefits. Methods: Medline, PsycINFO, and SPORTDiscus were searched for eligible records. Hedges' g corrected standardized mean difference values (SMDs) were used for analyses. Random-effects weights were used to pool effect sizes. Moderator analyses were conducted using meta-regressions and subgroups analyses. Covariates that were here tested for moderation included parameters of the applied exercise regimen (exercise intensity and exercise duration), characteristics of examined participants (age and fitness), and methodological features of existing research (type of control group, familiarization with test procedure, type of test variable, delay between exercise cessation, and testing). Results: Fifty studies, with data from 2,366 participants, were included in qualitative and quantitative synthesis. A small, significant beneficial effect of acute aerobic exercise on time-dependent measures of interference control was revealed (k = 49, Hedges' g = -0.26, 95%CI: -34 to -0.18). Effect sizes from time-dependent measures of interference control varied widely and heterogeneity reached statistical significance (T 2 = 0.0557, I 2 = 28.8%). Moderator analyses revealed that higher exercise intensities (vigorous intensity and high-intensity interval training), also participants at younger or older age, and participants who are familiar with the testing procedure prior to the experiment, benefitted most from acute aerobic exercise. However, noticeable heterogeneity remained unexplained within specific subgroups (high-intensity interval training, preadolescent children, and active and supervised control group). Conclusion: Acute aerobic exercise improves subsequent interference control performance. However, the covariates exercise intensity, participants' age, and familiarization with testing procedure determine the magnitude of that effect. Methodological features were not found to influence the magnitude of effects. This dismisses some doubts that exercise induced benefits for interference control performance are scientific artifacts. The fact that large heterogeneity remained unexplained in some subgroups indicates the need for further research on covariates within these subgroups. It should be noted that effect sizes for all analyses were small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Florian Javelle
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sophia Sharma
- Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - David Walzik
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Exercise and Health, Institute of Sports Science, Leibniz University Hannover, Hanover, Germany
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7
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Zuniga KE, Mueller M, Santana AR, Kelemen WL. Acute aerobic exercise improves memory across intensity and fitness levels. Memory 2018; 27:628-636. [PMID: 30427750 DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1546875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The present study was designed to examine the impact of exercise intensity and aerobic fitness on free recall, judgments of learning (JOLs), and metacognitive accuracy. In Experiment 1, 30 college students engaged in either (1) no exercise, (2) light exercise (55% of predicted maximal heart rate), or (3) moderate exercise (75% of predicted maximal heart rate) on three different days. In Experiment 2, 29 high-fit students (VO2 max ≥ 70th percentile) and 28 low-fit students (VO2 max ≤ 50th percentile) completed sedentary and light exercise conditions. In both experiments, free recall scores significantly increased in the exercise conditions compared with the sedentary condition, but JOL magnitude and metacognitive accuracy were largely unaffected. These results demonstrate that exercise can improve recall at both light and high intensities, and that the benefit can be obtained by individuals regardless of their fitness level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle E Zuniga
- a School of Family and Consumer Sciences , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA
| | - Mackenzie Mueller
- a School of Family and Consumer Sciences , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA
| | - Andrew R Santana
- b Department of Psychology , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA
| | - William L Kelemen
- b Department of Psychology , Texas State University , San Marcos , TX , USA
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8
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Oberste M, Schaffrath N, Schmidt K, Bloch W, Jäger E, Steindorf K, Hartig P, Joisten N, Zimmer P. Protocol for the "Chemobrain in Motion - study" (CIM - study): a randomized placebo-controlled trial of the impact of a high-intensity interval endurance training on cancer related cognitive impairments in women with breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1071. [PMID: 30400840 PMCID: PMC6220507 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4992-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Up to 80% of breast cancer patients suffer from Cancer Related Cognitive Impairments (CRCI). Exercise is suggested as a potential supportive care option to reduce cognitive decline in cancer patients. This study will investigate the effects of a high-intensity interval endurance training (HIIT) on CRCI in breast cancer patients. Potentially underlying immunological and neurobiological mechanisms, as well as effects on patients' self-perceived cognitive functioning and common cancer related side-effects, will be explored. METHODS A single-blinded randomized controlled trial will be carried out. The impact of HIIT on CRCI will be compared to that of a placebo-intervention (supervised myofascial release training). Both interventions will be conducted simultaneously with the patients' first-line chemotherapy treatment typically lasting 12-18 weeks. Fifty-nine women with breast cancer will be included in each of the two groups. The study is powered to detect (α = .05, β = .2) a medium effect size difference between the two groups (d = .5) in terms of patients' change in cognitive testing performances, from baseline until the end of the exercise-intervention. The cognitive test battery, recommended by the International Cancer and Cognition Task Force to assess CRCI, will be used as primary measure. This includes the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test (learning/verbal memory), the Controlled Oral Word Association Test (verbal fluency) and the Trail-Making-Test A/B (attention/set-switching). The following endpoints will be assessed as secondary measures: Go-/No-Go test performance (response inhibition), self-perceived cognitive functioning, serum levels of pro- and antiinflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor alpha, Interleukin-6, Interleukin-1 alpha, Interleukin-1 beta, C-reactive protein, Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and Interleukin-10), serum levels of neurotrophic and growth factors (brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor), as well as common cancer-related side effects (decrease in physical capacity, fatigue, anxiety and depression, sleep disturbances, quality of life and chemotherapy compliance). DISCUSSION This study will provide data on the question whether HIIT is an effective supportive therapy that alleviates CRCI in breast cancer patients. Moreover, the present study will help shed light on the underlying mechanisms of potential CRCI improving effects of exercise in breast cancer patients. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), ID: DRKS00011390 , Registered on 17 January 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nils Schaffrath
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Northwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Katharina Schmidt
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Northwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Bloch
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Elke Jäger
- Department for Oncology and Hematology, Clinic Northwest, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen Steindorf
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Philipp Hartig
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Niklas Joisten
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - Philipp Zimmer
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Sport Medicine, Institute of Cardiovascular Research and Sports Medicine, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
- Division of Physical Activity, Prevention and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Im Neuenheimer Feld 581, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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Wardle MC, Lopez-Gamundi P, LaVoy EC. Effects of an acute bout of physical exercise on reward functioning in healthy adults. Physiol Behav 2018; 194:552-559. [PMID: 30017698 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Exercise has been proposed as a treatment for several psychiatric disorders. Exercise may act in part through beneficial effects on reward functioning, as it alters neurotransmitter levels in reward-related circuits. However, there has been little investigation of the effect of exercise on reward functions in humans. We hypothesized an acute bout of exercise would increase motivation for and pleasurable responses to rewards in healthy humans. In addition, we examined possible moderators of exercise's effects, including demographics, fitness and previous exercise experience. Thirty-five participants completed exercise and sedentary control sessions in randomized, counterbalanced order on separate days. Immediately after each activity, participants completed measures of motivation for and pleasurable responses to rewards, consisting of willingness to exert effort for monetary rewards and subjective responses to emotional pictures. Exercise did not increase motivation or pleasurable responses on average. However, individuals who had been running for more years showed increases in motivation for rewards after exercise, while individuals with less years running showed decreases. Further, individuals with higher resting heart rate variability reported lower arousal in response to all emotional pictures after exercise, while individuals with low heart rate variability reported increased arousal in response to all emotional pictures after exercise. General fitness did not have similar moderating effects. In conclusion, acute exercise improved reward functioning only in individuals accustomed to that type of exercise. This suggests a possible conditioned effect of exercise on reward functioning. Previous experience with the exercise used should be examined as a possible moderator in exercise treatment trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret C Wardle
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1st Floor BBSB 1941 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Paula Lopez-Gamundi
- Center for Neurobehavioral Research on Addiction, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, 1st Floor BBSB 1941 East Rd., Houston, TX 77054, United States
| | - Emily C LaVoy
- Department of Health and Human Performance, University of Houston, 3875 Holman St., Rm 104 Garrison, Houston, TX 77204, United States.
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Oberste M, Großheinrich N, Wunram HL, Graf JL, Ziemendorff A, Meinhardt A, Fricke O, Mahabir E, Bender S. Effects of a 6-week, whole-body vibration strength-training on depression symptoms, endocrinological and neurobiological parameters in adolescent inpatients experiencing a major depressive episode (the "Balancing Vibrations Study"): study protocol for a randomized placebo-controlled trial. Trials 2018; 19:347. [PMID: 29970142 PMCID: PMC6029053 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2747-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moderate to vigorous endurance and strength-training exercise was suggested as a treatment option for major depression. However, there is little evidence to support this suggestion in adolescent patients. The present study investigates the effects of a whole-body vibration strength-training intervention on symptoms in medication-naïve adolescent inpatients experiencing a major depressive episode. Potential underlying endocrinological and neurobiological mechanisms are explored. METHODS/DESIGN A double-blinded randomized controlled trial is conducted at the University Hospital of Cologne in Germany, comparing a 6-week, whole-body vibration strength-training with a 6-week placebo-intervention, as add-on therapy to inpatient treatment as usual. Forty-one subjects (13-18 years of age) will be included in each of the two groups. The study is powered to detect (α = .05, β = .2) a medium effect size difference between the two groups (d = .5) in terms of patients' change in the Children's Depression Rating Scale raw-score, from baseline until the end of the intervention. As secondary endpoints, the effects of exercise treatment on patients' cortisol awakening response as well as on brain-derived neurotrophic factor, insulin-like growth factor 1 and inflammatory markers (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein) serum levels will be assessed. DISCUSSION This study will provide evidence on the effectiveness of whole-body vibration strength-training as an add-on therapy in adolescent inpatients experiencing a major depressive episode. After completion of data collection, the present study will be the largest randomized controlled trial so far to investigate the effectiveness of an exercise intervention in inpatient adolescents suffering from a major depressive episode. Moreover, the present study may help to determine the underlying mechanisms of potential anti-depressant effects of exercise in depressed adolescent inpatients. TRIAL REGISTRATION DRKS.de, German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS), Identifier: DRKS00011772 . Registered on 20 March 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Oberste
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Nicola Großheinrich
- Department of Social Sciences, Catholic University of Applied Science of North Rhine – Westphalia, Wörthstraße 10, 50688 Cologne, Germany
| | - Heidrun-Lioba Wunram
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Levin Graf
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Alischa Ziemendorff
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Axel Meinhardt
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Oliver Fricke
- Chair of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Witten/Herdecke University and Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Child Neurology, Gemeinschaftskrankenhaus Herdecke, Gerhard-Kienle-Weg 4, 58313 Herdecke, Germany
| | - Esther Mahabir
- Comparative Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Bender
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Robert-Koch-Straße 10, 50931 Cologne, Germany
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Immediate effects of blood donation on physical and cognitive performance—A randomized controlled double-blinded trial. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2018; 84:S125-S131. [DOI: 10.1097/ta.0000000000001917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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