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Yamanaka E, Goto R, Kawakami M, Tateishi T, Kondo K, Nojima I. Intermuscular Coherence during Quiet Standing in Sub-Acute Patients after Stroke: An Exploratory Study. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1640. [PMID: 38137088 PMCID: PMC10742243 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Asymmetrically impaired standing control is a prevalent disability among stroke patients; however, most of the neuromuscular characteristics are unclear. Therefore, the main purpose of this study was to investigate between-limb differences in intermuscular coherence during quiet standing. Consequently, 15 patients who had sub-acute stroke performed a quiet standing task without assistive devices, and electromyography was measured on the bilateral tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SL), and medial gastrocnemius (MG). The intermuscular coherence of the unilateral synergistic (SL-MG) pair and unilateral antagonist (TA-SL and TA-MG) pairs in the delta (0-5 Hz) and beta (15-35 Hz) bands were calculated and compared between the paretic and non-paretic limbs. The unilateral synergistic SL-MG coherence in the beta band was significantly greater in the non-paretic limb than in the paretic limb (p = 0.017), while unilateral antagonist TA-MG coherence in the delta band was significantly greater in the paretic limb than in the non-paretic limb (p < 0.01). During quiet standing, stroke patients showed asymmetry in the cortical control of the plantar flexor muscles, and synchronous control between the antagonistic muscles was characteristic of the paretic limb. This study identified abnormal muscle activity patterns and asymmetrical cortical control underlying impaired standing balance in patients with sub-acute stroke using an intermuscular coherence analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamanaka
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-1-1 Yatsu, Narashino 275-0026, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Goto
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-1-1 Yatsu, Narashino 275-0026, Japan
| | - Michiyuki Kawakami
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-1-1 Yatsu, Narashino 275-0026, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinano-machi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582, Japan
| | - Takaki Tateishi
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-1-1 Yatsu, Narashino 275-0026, Japan
| | - Kunitsugu Kondo
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, 4-1-1 Yatsu, Narashino 275-0026, Japan
| | - Ippei Nojima
- Department of Health Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine, Shinshu University, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Nagoya City University, 1 Kawasumi, Mizuho-cho, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya 467-0001, Japan
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2
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Yamanaka E, Horiuchi Y, Nojima I. EMG-EMG coherence during voluntary control of human standing tasks: a systematic scoping review. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1145751. [PMID: 37250422 PMCID: PMC10215561 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1145751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Intra- or inter-muscular (EMG-EMG) coherence is a simple and non-invasive method for estimating central nervous system control during human standing tasks. Although this research area has developed, no systematic literature review has been conducted. Objectives We aimed to map the current literature on EMG-EMG coherence during various standing tasks to identify the research gaps and summarize previous studies comparing EMG-EMG coherence between healthy young and elderly adults. Methods Electronic databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL) were searched for articles published from inception to December 2021. We incorporated studies that analyzed EMG-EMG coherence of the postural muscles in various standing tasks. Results Finally, 25 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria and involved 509 participants. Most participants were healthy young adults, while only one study included participants with medical conditions. There was some evidence that EMG-EMG coherence could identify differences in standing control between healthy young and elderly adults, although the methodology was highly heterogeneous. Conclusion The present review indicates that EMG-EMG coherence may help elucidate changes in standing control with age. In future studies, this method should be used in participants with central nervous system disorders to understand better the characteristics of standing balance disabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Yamanaka
- Division of Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Tokyo Bay Rehabilitation Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuki Horiuchi
- Division of Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Nagano, Japan
| | - Ippei Nojima
- Division of Physical Therapy, Shinshu University School of Health Sciences, Nagano, Japan
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3
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Watanabe T, Itagaki A, Hashizume A, Takahashi A, Ishizaka R, Ozaki I. Observation of respiration-entrained brain oscillations with scalp EEG. Neurosci Lett 2023; 797:137079. [PMID: 36657634 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In animal models, oscillations of local field potentials are entrained by nasal respiration at the frequency of breathing cycle in olfactory brain regions, such as the olfactory bulb and piriform cortex, as well as in the other brain regions. Studies in humans also confirmed these respiration-entrained oscillations in several brain regions using intracranial electroencephalogram (EEG). Here we extend these findings by analyzing coherence between cortical activity and respiration using high-density scalp EEG in twenty-seven healthy human subjects. Results indicated the occurrence of significant coherence between scalp EEG and respiration signals, although the number and locations of electrodes showing significant coherence were different among subjects. These findings suggest that scalp EEG can detect respiration-entrained oscillations. It remained to be determined whether these oscillations are volume conducted from the olfactory brain regions or reflect the local cortical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Watanabe
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan.
| | - Atsunori Itagaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Akira Hashizume
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima 734-8551, Japan
| | - Aoki Takahashi
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Riku Ishizaka
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan
| | - Isamu Ozaki
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Aomori University of Health and Welfare, Aomori 030-8505, Japan.
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4
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Sato SD, Choi JT. Corticospinal drive is associated with temporal walking adaptation in both healthy young and older adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:920475. [PMID: 36062156 PMCID: PMC9436318 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.920475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Healthy aging is associated with reduced corticospinal drive to leg muscles during walking. Older adults also exhibit slower or reduced gait adaptation compared to young adults. The objective of this study was to determine age-related changes in the contribution of corticospinal drive to ankle muscles during walking adaptation. Electromyography (EMG) from the tibialis anterior (TA), soleus (SOL), medial, and lateral gastrocnemius (MGAS, LGAS) were recorded from 20 healthy young adults and 19 healthy older adults while they adapted walking on a split-belt treadmill. We quantified EMG-EMG coherence in the beta-gamma (15-45 Hz) and alpha-band (8-15 Hz) frequencies. Young adults demonstrated higher coherence in both the beta-gamma band coherence and alpha band coherence, although effect sizes were greater in the beta-gamma frequency. The results showed that slow leg TA-TA coherence in the beta-gamma band was the strongest predictor of early adaptation in double support time. In contrast, early adaptation in step length symmetry was predicted by age group alone. These findings suggest an important role of corticospinal drive in adapting interlimb timing during walking in both young and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumire D. Sato
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
| | - Julia T. Choi
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Neuroscience and Behavior Program, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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5
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Glass SM, Wildman L, Brummitt C, Ratchford K, Westbrook GM, Aron A. Effects of global postural alignment on posture-stabilizing synergy and intermuscular coherence in bipedal standing. Exp Brain Res 2022; 240:841-851. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-021-06291-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Zaback M, Adkin AL, Chua R, Timothy Inglis J, Carpenter MG. Facilitation and habituation of cortical and subcortical control of standing balance following repeated exposure to a height-related postural threat. Neuroscience 2022; 487:8-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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7
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Rowland RS, Jenkinson N, Chiou SY. Age-Related Differences in Corticospinal Excitability and Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of the Trunk. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:718784. [PMID: 34483887 PMCID: PMC8416077 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.718784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) are a feedforward mechanism for the maintenance of postural stability and are delayed in old adults. We previously showed in young adults that APAs of the trunk induced by a fast shoulder movement were mediated, at least in part, by a cortical mechanism. However, it remains unclear the relationship between delayed APAs and motor cortical excitability in ageing. Using transcranial magnetic stimulation we examined motor evoked potentials (MEPs) of the erector spinae (ES) muscles in healthy young and old adults prior to a fast shoulder flexion task. A recognition reaction time (RRT) paradigm was used where participants responded to a visual stimulus by flexing their shoulders bilaterally as fast as possible. The activity of bilateral anterior deltoid (AD) and ES muscles was recorded using electromyography (EMG). The onset of AD and ES EMG was measured to represent RRT and APAs, respectively. We found increases in amplitudes of ES MEPs at 40 ms than 50 ms prior to the EMG onset of the AD in both groups. The amplitude of ES MEPs at 40 ms prior to the onset of AD EMG correlated with the onset of ES activity counterbalancing the perturbation induced by the shoulder task in the elderly participants only. Our findings suggest that timing of increasing corticospinal excitability prior to a self-paced perturbation becomes more relevant with ageing in modulating postural control of the trunk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca S Rowland
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ned Jenkinson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council 'Versus' Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Shin-Yi Chiou
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Centre for Human Brain Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.,Medical Research Council 'Versus' Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Ageing Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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8
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Modulation of sensorimotor cortical oscillations in athletes with yips. Sci Rep 2021; 11:10376. [PMID: 33990687 PMCID: PMC8121935 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-89947-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The yips, an involuntary movement impediment that affects performance in skilled athletes, is commonly described as a form of task-specific focal dystonia or as a disorder lying on a continuum with focal dystonia at one end (neurological) and chocking under pressure at the other (psychological). However, its etiology has been remained to be elucidated. In order to understand sensorimotor cortical activity associated with this movement disorder, we examined electroencephalographic oscillations over the bilateral sensorimotor areas during a precision force task in athletes with yips, and compared them with age-, sex-, and years of experience-matched controls. Alpha-band event-related desynchronization (ERD), that occurs during movement execution, was greater in athlete with yips as compared to controls when increasing force output to match a target but not when adjusting the force at around the target. Event-related synchronization that occurs after movement termination was also greater in athletes with yips. There was no significant difference in task performance between groups. The enhanced ERD is suggested to be attributed to dysfunction of inhibitory system or increased allocation of attention to the body part used during the task. Our findings indicate that sensorimotor cortical oscillatory response is increased during movement initiation in athletes with yips.
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9
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Midfrontal theta as moderator between beta oscillations and precision control. Neuroimage 2021; 235:118022. [PMID: 33836271 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2021.118022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of movements using visual information is crucial for many daily activities, and such visuomotor control has been revealed to be supported by alpha and beta cortical oscillations. However, it has been remained to be unclear how midfrontal theta and occipital gamma oscillations, which are associated with high-level cognitive functions, would be involved in this process to facilitate performance. Here we addressed this fundamental open question in healthy young adults by measuring high-density cortical activity during a precision force-matching task. We manipulated the amount of error by changing visual feedback gain (low, medium, and high visual gains) and analyzed event-related spectral perturbations. Increasing the visual feedback gain resulted in a decrease in force error and variability. There was an increase in theta synchronization in the midfrontal area and also in beta desynchronization in the sensorimotor and posterior parietal areas with higher visual feedback gains. Gamma de/synchronization was not evident during the task. In addition, we found a moderation effect of midfrontal theta on the positive relationship between the beta oscillations and force error. Subsequent simple slope analysis indicated that the effect of beta oscillations on force error was weaker when midfrontal theta was high. Our findings suggest that the midfrontal area signals the increased need of cognitive control to refine behavior by modulating the visuomotor processing at theta frequencies.
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10
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Watanabe T, Nojima I, Mima T, Sugiura H, Kirimoto H. Magnification of visual feedback modulates corticomuscular and intermuscular coherences differently in young and elderly adults. Neuroimage 2020; 220:117089. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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11
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Degani AM, Leonard CT, Danna-Dos-Santos A. The effects of aging on the distribution and strength of correlated neural inputs to postural muscles during unperturbed bipedal stance. Exp Brain Res 2020; 238:1537-1553. [PMID: 32451586 DOI: 10.1007/s00221-020-05837-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the effects of aging on the distribution of common descending neural drives to main postural muscles acting on the ankle, knee, hip, and lower trunk. The presence, distribution, and strength of these drives were assessed using intermuscular coherence estimations at a low-frequency band (0-55 Hz). Ten healthy older adults (68.7 ± 3.5 years) with no recent history of falls and ten healthy younger adults (26.8 ± 2.7 years) performed bipedal stances with eyes either opened or closed. Electromyographic (EMG) signals of six postural muscles were recorded. Estimations of intermuscular coherence were obtained from fifteen muscle pairs and four muscle groups. In general, single-pair and pooled coherence analyzes revealed significant levels of signal synchronization within 1-10 Hz. Significant common drives to anterior, posterior, and antagonist muscle groups were observed for both cohorts of participants. However, older participants showed significantly stronger EMG-EMG synchronization in the frequency domain compared to younger participants. It seems that age-related sarcopenia, visual-vestibular-proprioceptive decline, cortical activation increase, presynaptic inhibition modulation decrease, and co-contraction increase had a major impact on strengthening the common drives to the aforementioned muscle groups. Differently from young adults, the absence of visual inputs did not reduce the magnitude of signal synchronization in older adults. These results suggest that the aging central nervous system seems to organize similar arrangements of common drives to postural antagonist muscles at different joints, and to postural muscles pushing the body either forward or backward when visual information is not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana M Degani
- Department of Physical Therapy, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5383, USA. .,Unified Clinics, Western Michigan University, 1000 Oakland Dr, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5383, USA.
| | - Charles T Leonard
- School of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, 59812-4680, USA
| | - Alessander Danna-Dos-Santos
- Department of Physical Therapy, Western Michigan University, 1903 West Michigan Ave, Kalamazoo, MI, 49008-5383, USA
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12
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Nojima I, Suwa Y, Sugiura H, Noguchi T, Tanabe S, Mima T, Watanabe T. Smaller muscle mass is associated with increase in EMG-EMG coherence of the leg muscle during unipedal stance in elderly adults. Hum Mov Sci 2020; 71:102614. [PMID: 32452431 DOI: 10.1016/j.humov.2020.102614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Age-induced decline in the ability to perform daily activities is associated with a deterioration of physical parameters. Changes occur in neuromuscular system with age; however, the relationship between these changes and physical parameters has not been fully elucidated. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to determine the relationship between neuromuscular system evaluated using a coherence analysis of the leg muscles and physical parameters in community-dwelling healthy elderly adults. The participants were required to stand still in bipedal and unipedal stances on a force plate. Then, electromyography (EMG) was recorded from the tibialis anterior (TA) and medial and lateral gastrocnemius (MG/LG) muscles, and intermuscular coherence was calculated between the following pairs: TA and MG (TA-MG), TA and LG (TA-LG), and MG and LG (MG-LG). Furthermore, gait speed, unipedal stance time, and muscle mass were measured. EMG-EMG coherence for the MG-LG pair was significantly greater in the unipedal stance task than in the bipedal one (p = .001). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that the muscle mass of the leg was negatively correlated with the change in the β-band coherence for the MG-LG pair from bipedal to unipedal stance (R2 = 0.067, standard β = -0.345, p = .044). As the β-band coherence could reflect the corticospinal activity, the increased β-band coherence may be a compensation for the smaller muscle mass, or alternatively may be a sign of changes in the nervous system resulting in the loss of muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ippei Nojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, School of Health Sciences, Shinshu University, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan.
| | - Yuki Suwa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hideshi Sugiura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Aichi, Japan
| | - Taiji Noguchi
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shigeo Tanabe
- Faculty of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Mima
- Graduate School of Core Ethics and Frontier Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsunori Watanabe
- Department of Sensorimotor Neuroscience, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Walker S, Piitulainen H, Manlangit T, Avela J, Baker SN. Older adults show elevated intermuscular coherence in eyes‐open standing but only young adults increase coherence in response to closing the eyes. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1000-1011. [DOI: 10.1113/ep088468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Walker
- NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | - H. Piitulainen
- NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering School of Science Aalto University Espoo Finland
| | - T. Manlangit
- NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | - J. Avela
- NeuroMuscular Research Center Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences University of Jyväskylä Jyväskylä FI‐40014 Finland
| | - S. N. Baker
- Institute of Neuroscience, Medical School Newcastle University Newcastle upon Tyne UK
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Gebel A, Lüder B, Granacher U. Effects of Increasing Balance Task Difficulty on Postural Sway and Muscle Activity in Healthy Adolescents. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1135. [PMID: 31551811 PMCID: PMC6733969 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence-based prescriptions for balance training in youth have recently been established. However, there is currently no standardized means available to assess and quantify balance task difficulty (BTD). Therefore, the objectives of this study were to examine the effects of graded BTD on postural sway, lower limb muscle activity and coactivation in adolescents. Thirteen healthy high-school students aged 16 to 17 volunteered to participate in this cross-sectional study. Testing involved participants to stand on a commercially available balance board with an adjustable pivot that allowed six levels of increasing task difficulty. Postural sway [i.e., total center of pressure (CoP) displacements] and lower limb muscle activity were recorded simultaneously during each trial. Surface electromyography (EMG) was applied in muscles encompassing the ankle (m. tibialis anterior, medial gastrocnemius, peroneus longus) and knee joint (m. vastus medialis, biceps femoris). The coactivation index (CAI) was calculated for ankle and thigh muscles. Repeated measures analyses of variance revealed a significant main effect of BTD with increasing task difficulty for postural sway (p < 0.001; d = 6.36), muscle activity (p < 0.001; 2.19 < d < 4.88), and CAI (p < 0.001; 1.32 < d < 1.41). Multiple regression analyses showed that m. tibialis anterior activity best explained overall CoP displacements with 32.5% explained variance (p < 0.001). The observed increases in postural sway, lower limb muscle activity, and coactivation indicate increasing postural demands while standing on the balance board. Thus, the examined board can be implemented in balance training to progressively increase BTD in healthy adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnd Gebel
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Benjamin Lüder
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Urs Granacher
- Division of Training and Movement Sciences, Research Focus Cognition Sciences, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
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15
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Corticospinal control of normal and visually guided gait in healthy older and younger adults. Neurobiol Aging 2019; 78:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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16
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Standing task difficulty related increase in agonist-agonist and agonist-antagonist common inputs are driven by corticospinal and subcortical inputs respectively. Sci Rep 2019; 9:2439. [PMID: 30792452 PMCID: PMC6385195 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-39197-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In standing, coordinated activation of lower extremity muscles can be simplified by common neural inputs to muscles comprising a functional synergy. We examined the effect of task difficulty on common inputs to agonist-agonist (AG-AG) pairs supporting direction specific reciprocal muscle control and agonist-antagonist (AG-ANT) pairs supporting stiffness control. Since excessive stiffness is energetically costly and limits the flexibility of responses to perturbations, compared to AG-ANT, we expected greater AG-AG common inputs and a larger increase with increasing task difficulty. We used coherence analysis to examine common inputs in three frequency ranges which reflect subcortical/spinal (0–5 and 6–15 Hz) and corticospinal inputs (6–15 and 16–40 Hz). Coherence was indeed higher in AG-AG compared to AG-ANT muscles in all three frequency bands, indicating a predilection for functional synergies supporting reciprocal rather than stiffness control. Coherence increased with increasing task difficulty, only in AG-ANT muscles in the low frequency band (0–5 Hz), reflecting subcortical inputs and only in AG-AG group in the high frequency band (16–40 Hz), reflecting corticospinal inputs. Therefore, common neural inputs to both AG-AG and AG-ANT muscles increase with difficulty but are likely driven by different sources of input to spinal alpha motor neurons.
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Watanabe T, Nojima I, Sugiura H, Yacoubi B, Christou EA. Voluntary control of forward leaning posture relates to low-frequency neural inputs to the medial gastrocnemius muscle. Gait Posture 2019; 68:187-192. [PMID: 30497039 DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2018.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Revised: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability is an inherent feature of the motor output. Although low-frequency oscillations (<0.5 Hz) are the most important contributor to the variability of force during single-joint isolated force tasks, it remains unclear whether they contribute to the variability of a more complex task, such as a voluntary postural task. RESEARCH QUESTION Do low-frequency oscillations contribute to postural sway (center of pressure (COP) variability) when participants attempt to voluntarily maintain posture in a forward leaning position? METHODS Fourteen healthy young adults performed two tasks: 1) stand quietly (control condition); 2) leaned their body forward to 60% of their maximum lean distance by dorsiflexing the ankle joint. We recorded the COP and electromyographic (EMG) activity from the medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus (SL) muscles. We quantified the following: 1) COP variability as the standard deviation (SD) of anteroposterior COP displacements; 2) modulation of COP as the power in COP displacements from 0 to 2 Hz; 3) modulation of EMG bursting as the power in the rectified and smoothed EMG from 0 to 2 Hz; 4) modulation of the interference EMG as the power in the EMG from 10 to 35 and 35-60 Hz. RESULTS The SD of COP displacements related to the COP oscillations <0.5 Hz in both quiet standing and lean tasks. However, only for the lean task, the <0.5 Hz COP oscillations related to the EMG burst oscillations <0.5 Hz of the MG muscle. The EMG burst oscillations <0.5 Hz of the MG muscle further related to the interference EMG oscillations from 35 to 60 Hz for the lean task. SIGNIFICANCE Voluntary control of forward leaning posture relates to low-frequency neural inputs to the MG muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsunori Watanabe
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 461-8673, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Ippei Nojima
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Hideshi Sugiura
- Department of Physical Therapy, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi, 461-8673, Japan
| | - Basma Yacoubi
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Evangelos A Christou
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Physical Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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Watanabe T, Saito K, Ishida K, Tanabe S, Nojima I. Fatigue-induced decline in low-frequency common input to bilateral and unilateral plantar flexors during quiet standing. Neurosci Lett 2018; 686:193-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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