1
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Herman J, Rittenhouse N, Mandino F, Majid M, Wang Y, Mezger A, Kump A, Kadian S, Lake EMR, Verardi PH, Conover JC. Ventricular-subventricular zone stem cell niche adaptations in a mouse model of post-infectious hydrocephalus. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1429829. [PMID: 39145299 PMCID: PMC11322059 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1429829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Congenital post-infectious hydrocephalus (PIH) is a condition characterized by enlargement of the ventricular system, consequently imposing a burden on the associated stem cell niche, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ). To investigate how the V-SVZ adapts in PIH, we developed a mouse model of influenza virus-induced PIH based on direct intracerebroventricular injection of mouse-adapted influenza virus at two distinct time points: embryonic day 16 (E16), when stem cells line the ventricle, and postnatal day 4 (P4), when an ependymal monolayer covers the ventricle surface and stem cells retain only a thin ventricle-contacting process. Global hydrocephalus with associated regions of astrogliosis along the lateral ventricle was found in 82% of the mice infected at P4. Increased ependymogenesis was observed at gliotic borders and throughout areas exhibiting intact ependyma based on tracking of newly divided cells. Additionally, in areas of intact ependyma, stem cell numbers were reduced; however, we found no significant reduction in new neurons reaching the olfactory bulb following onset of ventriculomegaly. At P4, injection of only the non-infectious viral component neuraminidase resulted in limited, region-specific ventriculomegaly due to absence of cell-to-cell transmission. In contrast, at E16 intracerebroventricular injection of influenza virus resulted in death at birth due to hypoxia and multiorgan hemorrhage, suggesting an age-dependent advantage in neonates, while the viral component neuraminidase resulted in minimal, or no, ventriculomegaly. In summary, we tracked acute adaptations of the V-SVZ stem cell niche following onset of ventriculomegaly and describe developmental changes that help mitigate the severity of congenital PIH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianna Herman
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Nicole Rittenhouse
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Francesca Mandino
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Mushirah Majid
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Yuxiang Wang
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Amelia Mezger
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Aidan Kump
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Sumeet Kadian
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Evelyn M. R. Lake
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Paulo H. Verardi
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | - Joanne C. Conover
- Department of Physiology and Neurobiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
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2
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Becker J, Szele F. Cell migration into the damaged brain mediated by increased cell adhesion. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:1223-1225. [PMID: 38789598 PMCID: PMC11178874 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-024-00075-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
F. Szele and J. Becker discuss a new mechanism of neuronal migration in healthy and injured brain and a promising therapeutic potential of a neuraminidase inhibitor for the treatment of brain injury as reported by K. Sawamoto and colleagues, in this issue of EMBO Mol Med .
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemima Becker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Francis Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX1 3PT, UK.
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3
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Higuchi Y, Arakawa H. Serotonergic mediation of the brain-wide neurogenesis: Region-dependent and receptor-type specific roles on neurogenic cellular transformation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 5:100102. [PMID: 37638344 PMCID: PMC10458724 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) is a key molecule for the mediation of depression-related brain states, but the neural mechanisms underlying 5-HT mediation need further investigation. A possible mechanism of the therapeutic antidepressant effects is neurogenic cell production, as stimulated by 5-HT signaling. Neurogenesis, the proliferation of neural stem cells (NSCs), and cell differentiation and maturation occur across brain regions, particularly the hippocampal dentate gyrus and the subventricular zone, throughout one's lifespan. 5-HT plays a major role in the mediation of neurogenic processes, which in turn leads to the therapeutic effect on depression-related states. In this review article, we aim to identify how the neuronal 5-HT system mediates the process of neurogenesis, including cell proliferation, cell-type differentiation and maturation. First, we will provide an overview of the neurogenic cell transformation that occurs in brain regions containing or lacking NSCs. Second, we will review brain region-specific mechanisms of 5-HT-mediated neurogenesis by comparing regions localized to NSCs, i.e., the hippocampus and subventricular zone, with those not containing NSCs. Highlighting these 5-HT mechanisms that mediate neurogenic cell production processes in a brain-region-specific manner would provide unique insights into the role of 5-HT in neurogenesis and its associated effects on depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higuchi
- Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Arakawa
- Department of Systems Physiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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4
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Genet N, Genet G, Chavkin NW, Paila U, Fang JS, Vasavada HH, Goldberg JS, Acharya BR, Bhatt NS, Baker K, McDonnell SP, Huba M, Sankaranarayanan D, Ma GZM, Eichmann A, Thomas JL, Ffrench-Constant C, Hirschi KK. Connexin 43-mediated neurovascular interactions regulate neurogenesis in the adult brain subventricular zone. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112371. [PMID: 37043357 PMCID: PMC10564973 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is the largest neural stem cell (NSC) niche in the adult brain; herein, the blood-brain barrier is leaky, allowing direct interactions between NSCs and endothelial cells (ECs). Mechanisms by which direct NSC-EC interactions in the adult SVZ control NSC behavior are unclear. We found that Cx43 is highly expressed by SVZ NSCs and ECs, and its deletion in either leads to increased NSC proliferation and neuroblast generation, suggesting that Cx43-mediated NSC-EC interactions maintain NSC quiescence. This is further supported by single-cell RNA sequencing and in vitro studies showing that ECs control NSC proliferation by regulating expression of genes associated with NSC quiescence and/or activation in a Cx43-dependent manner. Cx43 mediates these effects in a channel-independent manner involving its cytoplasmic tail and ERK activation. Such insights inform adult NSC regulation and maintenance aimed at stem cell therapies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafiisha Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
| | - Gael Genet
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Nicholas W Chavkin
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Umadevi Paila
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jennifer S Fang
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hema H Vasavada
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Joshua S Goldberg
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Bipul R Acharya
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Neha S Bhatt
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kasey Baker
- Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Stephanie P McDonnell
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Mahalia Huba
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Danya Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Gerry Z M Ma
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Anne Eichmann
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Jean-Leon Thomas
- Departments of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Department of Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Charles Ffrench-Constant
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Karen K Hirschi
- Department of Cell Biology, Berne Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA; Departments of Medicine and Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA; Yale Cardiovascular Research Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA.
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5
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Zhao X, Fisher ES, Wang Y, Zuloaga K, Manley L, Temple S. 4D imaging analysis of the aging mouse neural stem cell niche reveals a dramatic loss of progenitor cell dynamism regulated by the RHO-ROCK pathway. Stem Cell Reports 2022; 17:245-258. [PMID: 35030320 PMCID: PMC8828534 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the adult ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ), neural stem cells (NSCs) give rise to transit-amplifying progenitor (TAP) cells. These progenitors reside in different subniche locations, implying that cell movement must accompany lineage progression, but the dynamic behaviors of adult NSCs and TAPs remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed live time-lapse imaging with computer-based image analysis of young and aged 3D V-SVZ wholemounts from transgenic mice with fluorescently distinguished NSCs and TAP cells. Young V-SVZ progenitors are highly dynamic, with regular process outgrowth and retraction and cell migration. However, these activities dramatically declined with age. An examination of single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data revealed age-associated changes in the Rho-Rock pathway that are important for cell motility. Applying a small molecule to inhibit ROCK transformed young into old V-SVZ progenitor cell dynamic behaviors. Hence RHO-ROCK signaling is critical for normal adult NSC and TAP movement and interactions, which are compromised with age, concomitant with the loss of regenerative ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuli Zhao
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | | | - Yue Wang
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Kristen Zuloaga
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics, Albany Medical Center, Albany NY 12208, USA
| | - Luke Manley
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA
| | - Sally Temple
- Neural Stem Cell Institute, Rensselaer, NY 12144, USA.
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6
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Tufo C, Poopalasundaram S, Dorrego-Rivas A, Ford MC, Graham A, Grubb MS. Development of the mammalian main olfactory bulb. Development 2022; 149:274348. [PMID: 35147186 PMCID: PMC8918810 DOI: 10.1242/dev.200210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian main olfactory bulb is a crucial processing centre for the sense of smell. The olfactory bulb forms early during development and is functional from birth. However, the olfactory system continues to mature and change throughout life as a target of constitutive adult neurogenesis. Our Review synthesises current knowledge of prenatal, postnatal and adult olfactory bulb development, focusing on the maturation, morphology, functions and interactions of its diverse constituent glutamatergic and GABAergic cell types. We highlight not only the great advances in the understanding of olfactory bulb development made in recent years, but also the gaps in our present knowledge that most urgently require addressing. Summary: This Review describes the morphological and functional maturation of cells in the mammalian main olfactory bulb, from embryonic development to adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Candida Tufo
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Subathra Poopalasundaram
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Ana Dorrego-Rivas
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Marc C Ford
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Anthony Graham
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Matthew S Grubb
- Centre for Developmental Neurobiology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
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7
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Sun B, Wang M, Hoerder-Suabedissen A, Xu C, Packer AM, Szele FG. Intravital Imaging of the Murine Subventricular Zone with Three Photon Microscopy. Cereb Cortex 2022; 32:3057-3067. [PMID: 35029646 PMCID: PMC9290563 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhab400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The mouse subventricular zone (SVZ) produces neurons throughout life. It is useful for mechanism discovery and is relevant for regeneration. However, the SVZ is deep, significantly restricting live imaging since current methods do not extend beyond a few hundred microns. We developed and adapted three-photon microscopy (3PM) for non-invasive deep brain imaging in live mice, but its utility in imaging the SVZ niche was unknown. Here, with fluorescent dyes and genetic labeling, we show successful 3PM imaging in the whole SVZ, extending to a maximum depth of 1.5 mm ventral to the dura mater. 3PM imaging distinguished multiple SVZ cell types in postnatal and juvenile mice. We also detected fine processes on neural stem cells interacting with the vasculature. Previous live imaging removed overlying cortical tissue or lowered lenses into the brain, which could cause inflammation and alter neurogenesis. We found that neither astrocytes nor microglia become activated in the SVZ, suggesting 3PM does not induce major damage in the niche. Thus, we show for the first time 3PM imaging of the SVZ in live mice. This strategy could be useful for intravital visualization of cell dynamics, molecular, and pathological perturbation and regenerative events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chris Xu
- School of Applied and Engineering Physics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Adam M Packer
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Address correspondence to Adam M. Packer, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK. and Francis G. Szele, Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK.
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8
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Woods GA, Rommelfanger NJ, Hong G. Bioinspired Materials for In Vivo Bioelectronic Neural Interfaces. MATTER 2020; 3:1087-1113. [PMID: 33103115 PMCID: PMC7583599 DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The success of in vivo neural interfaces relies on their long-term stability and large scale in interrogating and manipulating neural activity after implantation. Conventional neural probes, owing to their limited spatiotemporal resolution and scale, face challenges for studying the massive, interconnected neural network in its native state. In this review, we argue that taking inspiration from biology will unlock the next generation of in vivo bioelectronic neural interfaces. Reducing the feature sizes of bioelectronic neural interfaces to mimic those of neurons enables high spatial resolution and multiplexity. Additionally, chronic stability at the device-tissue interface is realized by matching the mechanical properties of bioelectronic neural interfaces to those of the endogenous tissue. Further, modeling the design of neural interfaces after the endogenous topology of the neural circuitry enables new insights into the connectivity and dynamics of the brain. Lastly, functionalization of neural probe surfaces with coatings inspired by biology leads to enhanced tissue acceptance over extended timescales. Bioinspired neural interfaces will facilitate future developments in neuroscience studies and neurological treatments by leveraging bidirectional information transfer and integrating neuromorphic computing elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A. Woods
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas J. Rommelfanger
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
| | - Guosong Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
- Wu Tsai Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, 94305, USA
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9
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Ducker M, Millar V, Ebner D, Szele FG. A Semi-automated and Scalable 3D Spheroid Assay to Study Neuroblast Migration. Stem Cell Reports 2020; 15:789-802. [PMID: 32763162 PMCID: PMC7486343 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2020.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone of the mammalian brain is the major source of adult born neurons. These neuroblasts normally migrate long distances to the olfactory bulbs but can be re-routed to locations of injury and promote neuroregeneration. Mechanistic understanding and pharmacological targets regulating neuroblast migration is sparse. Furthermore, lack of migration assays limits development of pharmaceutical interventions targeting neuroblast recruitment. We therefore developed a physiologically relevant 3D neuroblast spheroid migration assay that permits the investigation of large numbers of interventions. To verify the assay, 1,012 kinase inhibitors were screened for their effects on migration. Several induced significant increases or decreases in migration. MuSK and PIK3CB were selected as putative targets and their knockdown validated increased neuroblast migration. Thus, compounds identified through this assay system could be explored for their potential in augmenting neuroblast recruitment to sites of injury for neuroregeneration, or for decreasing malignant invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Ducker
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK
| | - Valerie Millar
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Daniel Ebner
- Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Francis G Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK.
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10
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Nakamuta S, Yang YT, Wang CL, Gallo NB, Yu JR, Tai Y, Van Aelst L. Dual role for DOCK7 in tangential migration of interneuron precursors in the postnatal forebrain. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:4313-4330. [PMID: 29089377 PMCID: PMC5716287 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201704157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 09/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout life, stem cells in the ventricular-subventricular zone generate neuroblasts that migrate via the rostral migratory stream (RMS) to the olfactory bulb, where they differentiate into local interneurons. Although progress has been made toward identifying extracellular factors that guide the migration of these cells, little is known about the intracellular mechanisms that govern the dynamic reshaping of the neuroblasts' morphology required for their migration along the RMS. In this study, we identify DOCK7, a member of the DOCK180-family, as a molecule essential for tangential neuroblast migration in the postnatal mouse forebrain. DOCK7 regulates the migration of these cells by controlling both leading process (LP) extension and somal translocation via distinct pathways. It controls LP stability/growth via a Rac-dependent pathway, likely by modulating microtubule networks while also regulating F-actin remodeling at the cell rear to promote somal translocation via a previously unrecognized myosin phosphatase-RhoA-interacting protein-dependent pathway. The coordinated action of both pathways is required to ensure efficient neuroblast migration along the RMS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Ting Yang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Chia-Lin Wang
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Nicholas B Gallo
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY.,Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY
| | - Jia-Ray Yu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
| | - Yilin Tai
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY
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11
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Goichberg P. Current Understanding of the Pathways Involved in Adult Stem and Progenitor Cell Migration for Tissue Homeostasis and Repair. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:421-37. [PMID: 27209167 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9663-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the advancements in the field of adult stem and progenitor cells grows the recognition that the motility of primitive cells is a pivotal aspect of their functionality. There is accumulating evidence that the recruitment of tissue-resident and circulating cells is critical for organ homeostasis and effective injury responses, whereas the pathobiology of degenerative diseases, neoplasm and aging, might be rooted in the altered ability of immature cells to migrate. Furthermore, understanding the biological machinery determining the translocation patterns of tissue progenitors is of great relevance for the emerging methodologies for cell-based therapies and regenerative medicine. The present article provides an overview of studies addressing the physiological significance and diverse modes of stem and progenitor cell trafficking in adult mammalian organs, discusses the major microenvironmental cues regulating cell migration, and describes the implementation of live imaging approaches for the exploration of stem cell movement in tissues and the factors dictating the motility of endogenous and transplanted cells with regenerative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polina Goichberg
- Department Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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12
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Belvindrah R, Natarajan K, Shabajee P, Bruel-Jungerman E, Bernard J, Goutierre M, Moutkine I, Jaglin XH, Savariradjane M, Irinopoulou T, Poncer JC, Janke C, Francis F. Mutation of the α-tubulin Tuba1a leads to straighter microtubules and perturbs neuronal migration. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2443-2461. [PMID: 28687665 PMCID: PMC5551700 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201607074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutation of α-tubulin isotypes is associated with cortical malformations. Belvindrah et al. show that Tuba1 mutation leads to impaired neuronal saltatory migration in vivo as a result of functional and structural microtubule defects. Comparative analyses of Tuba1a and Tuba8 in tubulin heterodimer structure and microtubule polymerization reveal an essential, noncompensated role for Tuba1a in the neuronal rostral migratory system. Brain development involves extensive migration of neurons. Microtubules (MTs) are key cellular effectors of neuronal displacement that are assembled from α/β-tubulin heterodimers. Mutation of the α-tubulin isotype TUBA1A is associated with cortical malformations in humans. In this study, we provide detailed in vivo and in vitro analyses of Tuba1a mutants. In mice carrying a Tuba1a missense mutation (S140G), neurons accumulate, and glial cells are dispersed along the rostral migratory stream in postnatal and adult brains. Live imaging of Tuba1a-mutant neurons revealed slowed migration and increased neuronal branching, which correlated with directionality alterations and perturbed nucleus–centrosome (N–C) coupling. Tuba1a mutation led to increased straightness of newly polymerized MTs, and structural modeling data suggest a conformational change in the α/β-tubulin heterodimer. We show that Tuba8, another α-tubulin isotype previously associated with cortical malformations, has altered function compared with Tuba1a. Our work shows that Tuba1a plays an essential, noncompensated role in neuronal saltatory migration in vivo and highlights the importance of MT flexibility in N–C coupling and neuronal-branching regulation during neuronal migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Belvindrah
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Kathiresan Natarajan
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research Université (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Preety Shabajee
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Bruel-Jungerman
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jennifer Bernard
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Marie Goutierre
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Imane Moutkine
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Xavier H Jaglin
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Smilow Neuroscience Program, Neuroscience Institute, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Mythili Savariradjane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Theano Irinopoulou
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Poncer
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
| | - Carsten Janke
- Institut Curie, Paris Sciences et Lettres Research Université (PSL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 3348, Orsay, France.,Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR 3348, Orsay, France
| | - Fiona Francis
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR S-839, Paris, France .,Sorbonne Universités, Université Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Paris 06, UMR S-839, Paris, France.,Institut du Fer à Moulin, Paris, France
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13
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Ortega F, Costa MR. Live Imaging of Adult Neural Stem Cells in Rodents. Front Neurosci 2016; 10:78. [PMID: 27013941 PMCID: PMC4779908 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of cells of the neural lineage within the brain is not restricted to early development. New neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes are produced in the adult brain throughout the entire murine life. However, despite the extensive research performed in the field of adult neurogenesis during the past years, fundamental questions regarding the cell biology of adult neural stem cells (aNSCs) remain to be uncovered. For instance, it is crucial to elucidate whether a single aNSC is capable of differentiating into all three different macroglial cell types in vivo or these distinct progenies constitute entirely separate lineages. Similarly, the cell cycle length, the time and mode of division (symmetric vs. asymmetric) that these cells undergo within their lineage progression are interesting questions under current investigation. In this sense, live imaging constitutes a valuable ally in the search of reliable answers to the previous questions. In spite of the current limitations of technology new approaches are being developed and outstanding amount of knowledge is being piled up providing interesting insights in the behavior of aNSCs. Here, we will review the state of the art of live imaging as well as the alternative models that currently offer new answers to critical questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Ortega
- Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Complutense University Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos R Costa
- Brain Institute, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte Natal, Brazil
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14
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Lee SA, Holly KS, Voziyanov V, Villalba SL, Tong R, Grigsby HE, Glasscock E, Szele FG, Vlachos I, Murray TA. Gradient Index Microlens Implanted in Prefrontal Cortex of Mouse Does Not Affect Behavioral Test Performance over Time. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0146533. [PMID: 26799938 PMCID: PMC4723314 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0146533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Implanted gradient index lenses have extended the reach of standard multiphoton microscopy from the upper layers of the mouse cortex to the lower cortical layers and even subcortical regions. These lenses have the clarity to visualize dynamic activities, such as calcium transients, with subcellular and millisecond resolution and the stability to facilitate repeated imaging over weeks and months. In addition, behavioral tests can be used to correlate performance with observed changes in network function and structure that occur over time. Yet, this raises the questions, does an implanted microlens have an effect on behavioral tests, and if so, what is the extent of the effect? To answer these questions, we compared the performance of three groups of mice in three common behavioral tests. A gradient index lens was implanted in the prefrontal cortex of experimental mice. We compared their performance with mice that had either a cranial window or a sham surgery. Three presurgical and five postsurgical sets of behavioral tests were performed over seven weeks. Behavioral tests included rotarod, foot fault, and Morris water maze. No significant differences were found between the three groups, suggesting that microlens implantation did not affect performance. The results for the current study clear the way for combining behavioral studies with gradient index lens imaging in the prefrontal cortex, and potentially other regions of the mouse brain, to study structural, functional, and behavioral relationships in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seon A. Lee
- Center for Biomedical Research and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin S. Holly
- Center for Biomedical Research and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Vladislav Voziyanov
- Center for Biomedical Research and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Stephanie L. Villalba
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Rudi Tong
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Holly E. Grigsby
- Center for Biomedical Research and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Edward Glasscock
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States of America
| | - Francis G. Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ioannis Vlachos
- Center for Biomedical Research and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Teresa A. Murray
- Center for Biomedical Research and Rehabilitation Sciences, Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana, United States of America
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15
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Liu Q, Sanai N, Jin WN, La Cava A, Van Kaer L, Shi FD. Neural stem cells sustain natural killer cells that dictate recovery from brain inflammation. Nat Neurosci 2016; 19:243-52. [PMID: 26752157 PMCID: PMC5336309 DOI: 10.1038/nn.4211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recovery from organ-specific autoimmune diseases largely relies on the mobilization of endogenous repair mechanisms and local factors that control them. Natural killer (NK) cells are swiftly mobilized to organs targeted by autoimmunity and typically undergo numerical contraction when inflammation wanes. We report the unexpected finding that NK cells are retained in the brain subventricular zone (SVZ) during the chronic phase of multiple sclerosis in humans and its animal model in mice. These NK cells were found preferentially in close proximity to SVZ neural stem cells (NSCs) that produce interleukin-15 and sustain functionally competent NK cells. Moreover, NK cells limited the reparative capacity of NSCs following brain inflammation. These findings reveal that reciprocal interactions between NSCs and NK cells regulate neurorepair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Nader Sanai
- Barrow Brain Tumor Research Center, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Wei-Na Jin
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Antonio La Cava
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Luc Van Kaer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fu-Dong Shi
- Department of Neurology, Tianjin Neurological Institute, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Division of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
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16
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Lalli G. Extracellular Signals Controlling Neuroblast Migration in the Postnatal Brain. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2014; 800:149-80. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-7687-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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17
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Sonego M, Zhou Y, Oudin MJ, Doherty P, Lalli G. In vivo postnatal electroporation and time-lapse imaging of neuroblast migration in mouse acute brain slices. J Vis Exp 2013. [PMID: 24326479 DOI: 10.3791/50905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The subventricular zone (SVZ) is one of the main neurogenic niches in the postnatal brain. Here, neural progenitors proliferate and give rise to neuroblasts able to move along the rostral migratory stream (RMS) towards the olfactory bulb (OB). This long-distance migration is required for the subsequent maturation of newborn neurons in the OB, but the molecular mechanisms regulating this process are still unclear. Investigating the signaling pathways controlling neuroblast motility may not only help understand a fundamental step in neurogenesis, but also have therapeutic regenerative potential, given the ability of these neuroblasts to target brain sites affected by injury, stroke, or degeneration. In this manuscript we describe a detailed protocol for in vivo postnatal electroporation and subsequent time-lapse imaging of neuroblast migration in the mouse RMS. Postnatal electroporation can efficiently transfect SVZ progenitor cells, which in turn generate neuroblasts migrating along the RMS. Using confocal spinning disk time-lapse microscopy on acute brain slice cultures, neuroblast migration can be monitored in an environment closely resembling the in vivo condition. Moreover, neuroblast motility can be tracked and quantitatively analyzed. As an example, we describe how to use in vivo postnatal electroporation of a GFP-expressing plasmid to label and visualize neuroblasts migrating along the RMS. Electroporation of shRNA or CRE recombinase-expressing plasmids in conditional knockout mice employing the LoxP system can also be used to target genes of interest. Pharmacological manipulation of acute brain slice cultures can be performed to investigate the role of different signaling molecules in neuroblast migration. By coupling in vivo electroporation with time-lapse imaging, we hope to understand the molecular mechanisms controlling neuroblast motility and contribute to the development of novel approaches to promote brain repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Sonego
- Wolfson Centre for Age-Related Diseases, King's College London
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18
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De Marchis S, Puche AC. Cellular imaging and emerging technologies for adult neurogenesis research. Front Neurosci 2012; 6:41. [PMID: 22493567 PMCID: PMC3318224 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2012.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Silvia De Marchis
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin Torino, Italy
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