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Soloukey S, Collée E, Verhoef L, Satoer DD, Dirven CMF, Bos EM, Schouten JW, Generowicz BS, Mastik F, De Zeeuw CI, Koekkoek SKE, Vincent AJPE, Smits M, Kruizinga P. Human brain mapping using co-registered fUS, fMRI and ESM during awake brain surgeries: A proof-of-concept study. Neuroimage 2023; 283:120435. [PMID: 37914090 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Accurate, depth-resolved functional imaging is key in both understanding and treatment of the human brain. A new sonography-based imaging technique named functional Ultrasound (fUS) uniquely combines high sensitivity with submillimeter-subsecond spatiotemporal resolution available in large fields-of-view. In this proof-of-concept study we show that: (A) fUS reveals the same eloquent regions as found by fMRI while concomitantly visualizing in-vivo microvascular morphology underlying these functional hemodynamics and (B) fUS-based functional maps are confirmed by Electrocortical Stimulation Mapping (ESM), the current gold-standard in awake neurosurgical practice. This unique cross-modality experiment was performed using motor, visual and language-related functional tasks in patients undergoing awake brain tumor resection. The current work serves as an important milestone towards further maturity of fUS as well as a novel avenue to increase our understanding of hemodynamics-based functional brain imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Soloukey
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - E Collée
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - L Verhoef
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - D D Satoer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - C M F Dirven
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - E M Bos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - J W Schouten
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - B S Generowicz
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - F Mastik
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - C I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands; Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Dutch Academy for Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam 1105 BA, the Netherlands
| | - S K E Koekkoek
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - A J P E Vincent
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - M Smits
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands
| | - P Kruizinga
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Wytemaweg 80 3015 CN, Rotterdam 3015 CN, the Netherlands.
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Stefaniuk M, Pawłowska M, Barański M, Nowicka K, Zieliński Z, Bijoch Ł, Legutko D, Majka P, Bednarek S, Jermakow N, Wójcik D, Kaczmarek L. Global brain c-Fos profiling reveals major functional brain networks rearrangements after alcohol reexposure. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 178:106006. [PMID: 36682503 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.106006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Many fundamental questions on alcohol use disorder (AUD) are frequently difficult to address by examining a single brain structure, but should be viewed from the whole brain perspective. c-Fos is a marker of neuronal activation. Global brain c-Fos profiling in rodents represents a promising platform to study brain functional networks rearrangements in AUD. We used a mouse model of alcohol drinking in IntelliCage. We trained mice to voluntarily drink alcohol, next subjected them to withdrawal and alcohol reexposure. We have developed a dedicated image computational workflow to identify c-Fos-positive cells in three-dimensional images obtained after whole-brain optical clearing and imaging in the light-sheet microscope. We provide a complete list of 169 brain structures with annotated c-Fos expression. We analyzed functional networks, brain modularity and engram index. Brain c-Fos levels in animals reexposed to alcohol were different from both control and binge drinking animals. Structures involved in reward processing, decision making and characteristic for addictive behaviors, such as precommissural nucleus, nucleus Raphe, parts of colliculus and tecta stood out particularly. Alcohol reexposure leads to a massive change of brain modularity including a formation of numerous smaller functional modules grouping structures involved in addiction development. Binge drinking can lead to substantial functional remodeling in the brain. We provide a list of structures that can be used as a target in pharmacotherapy but also point to the networks and modules that can hold therapeutic potential demonstrated by a clinical trial in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzena Stefaniuk
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Pawłowska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland; Institute of Experimental Physics, Section of Optics, Warsaw University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Barański
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Klaudia Nowicka
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Łukasz Bijoch
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland; Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Legutko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Majka
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bednarek
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Natalia Jermakow
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel Wójcik
- Laboratory of Neuroinformatics, Nencki Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki Institute, BRAINCITY, Warsaw, Poland
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Bijoch Ł, Klos J, Pawłowska M, Wiśniewska J, Legutko D, Szachowicz U, Kaczmarek L, Beroun A. Whole-brain tracking of cocaine and sugar rewards processing. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:20. [PMID: 36683039 PMCID: PMC9868126 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02318-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural rewards, such as food, and sex are appetitive stimuli available for animals in their natural environment. Similarly, addictive rewards such as drugs of abuse possess strong, positive valence, but their action relies on their pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, it is believed that both of these kinds of rewards activate similar brain circuitry. The present study aimed to discover which parts of the brain process the experience of natural and addictive rewards. To holistically address this question, we used a single-cell whole-brain imaging approach to find patterns of activation for acute and prolonged sucrose and cocaine exposure. We analyzed almost 400 brain structures and created a brain-wide map of specific, c-Fos-positive neurons engaged by these rewards. Acute but not prolonged sucrose exposure triggered a massive c-Fos expression throughout the brain. Cocaine exposure on the other hand potentiated c-Fos expression with prolonged use, engaging more structures than sucrose treatment. The functional connectivity analysis unraveled an increase in brain modularity after the initial exposure to both types of rewards. This modularity was increased after repeated cocaine, but not sucrose, intake. To check whether discrepancies between the processing of both types of rewards can be found on a cellular level, we further studied the nucleus accumbens, one of the most strongly activated brain structures by both sucrose and cocaine experience. We found a high overlap between natural and addictive rewards on the level of c-Fos expression. Electrophysiological measurements of cellular correlates of synaptic plasticity revealed that natural and addictive rewards alike induce the accumulation of silent synapses. These results strengthen the hypothesis that in the nucleus accumbens drugs of abuse cause maladaptive neuronal plasticity in the circuitry that typically processes natural rewards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Bijoch
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Klos
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Monika Pawłowska
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland ,grid.12847.380000 0004 1937 1290Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Justyna Wiśniewska
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Diana Legutko
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Szachowicz
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Leszek Kaczmarek
- grid.419305.a0000 0001 1943 2944Laboratory of Neurobiology, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Beroun
- Laboratory of Neuronal Plasticity, Nencki-EMBL Center of Excellence for Neural Plasticity and Brain Disorders: BRAINCITY, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.
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Gräßle T, Crockford C, Eichner C, Girard‐Buttoz C, Jäger C, Kirilina E, Lipp I, Düx A, Edwards L, Jauch A, Kopp KS, Paquette M, Pine K, Haun DBM, McElreath R, Anwander A, Gunz P, Morawski M, Friederici AD, Weiskopf N, Leendertz FH, Wittig RM, Albig K, Amarasekaran B, Angedakin S, Anwander A, Aschoff D, Asiimwe C, Bailanda L, Beehner JC, Belais R, Bergman TJ, Blazey B, Bernhard A, Bock C, Carlier P, Chantrey J, Crockford C, Deschner T, Düx A, Edwards L, Eichner C, Escoubas G, Ettaj M, Fedurek P, Flores K, Francke R, Friederici AD, Girard‐Buttoz C, Fortun JG, GoneBi ZB, Gräßle T, Gruber‐Dujardin E, Gunz P, Hartel J, Haun DBM, Henshall M, Hobaiter C, Hofman N, Jaffe JE, Jäger C, Jauch A, Kahemere S, Kirilina E, Klopfleisch R, Knauf‐Witzens T, Kopp KS, Kouima GLM, Lange B, Langergraber K, Lawrenz A, Leendertz FH, Lipp I, Liptovszky M, Theron TL, Lumbu CP, Nzassi PM, Mätz‐Rensing K, McElreath R, McLennan M, Mezö Z, Moittie S, Møller T, Morawski M, Morgan D, Mugabe T, Muller M, Müller M, Njumboket I, Olofsson‐Sannö K, Ondzie A, Otali E, Paquette M, Pika S, Pine K, Pizarro A, Pléh K, Rendel J, Reichler‐Danielowski S, Robbins MM, Forero AR, Ruske K, Samuni L, Sanz C, Schüle A, Schwabe I, Schwalm K, Speede S, Southern L, Steiner J, Stidworthy M, Surbeck M, Szentiks C, Tanga T, Ulrich R, Unwin S, van de Waal E, Walker S, Weiskopf N, Wibbelt G, Wittig RM, Wood K, Zuberbühler K. Sourcing high tissue quality brains from deceased wild primates with known socio‐ecology. Methods Ecol Evol 2023. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.14039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gräßle
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms Robert Koch‐Institute Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health Greifswald Germany
| | - Catherine Crockford
- Ape Social Mind Lab Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS Lyon France
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire Abidjan Ivory Coast
| | - Cornelius Eichner
- Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Cédric Girard‐Buttoz
- Ape Social Mind Lab Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS Lyon France
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire Abidjan Ivory Coast
| | - Carsten Jäger
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
- Paul Flechsig Institute ‐ Center of Neuropathology and Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine Universität Leipzig Germany
| | - Evgeniya Kirilina
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience Berlin Freie Universität Berlin Berlin Germany
| | - Ilona Lipp
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Ariane Düx
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms Robert Koch‐Institute Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health Greifswald Germany
| | - Luke Edwards
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Anna Jauch
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Kathrin S. Kopp
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Michael Paquette
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Kerrin Pine
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Daniel B. M. Haun
- Department of Comparative Cultural Psychology Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Richard McElreath
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Alfred Anwander
- Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Philipp Gunz
- Department of Human Evolution Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
| | - Markus Morawski
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
- Paul Flechsig Institute ‐ Center of Neuropathology and Brain Research, Faculty of Medicine Universität Leipzig Germany
| | - Angela D. Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
| | - Nikolaus Weiskopf
- Department of Neurophysics Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences Leipzig Germany
- Felix Bloch Institute for Solid State Physics, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences Leipzig University Leipzig Germany
| | - Fabian H. Leendertz
- Epidemiology of highly pathogenic microorganisms Robert Koch‐Institute Berlin Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for One Health Greifswald Germany
| | - Roman M. Wittig
- Ape Social Mind Lab Institute of Cognitive Science Marc Jeannerod, UMR 5229, CNRS Lyon France
- Department of Human Behavior, Ecology and Culture Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology Leipzig Germany
- Taï Chimpanzee Project Centre Suisse de Recherches Scientifiques en Côte d'Ivoire Abidjan Ivory Coast
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Hassan HW, Grasso V, Korostynska O, Khan H, Jose J, Mirtaheri P. An overview of assessment tools for determination of biological Magnesium implant degradation. Med Eng Phys 2021; 93:49-58. [PMID: 34154775 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2021.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Medical implants made of biodegradable materials are advantageous for short-term applications as fracture fixation and mechanical support during bone healing. After completing the healing process, the implant biodegrades without any long-term side effects nor any need for surgical removal. In particular, Magnesium (Mg) implants, while degrading, can cause physiological changes in the tissues surrounding the implant. The evaluation of structural remodeling is relevant, however, the functional assessment is crucial to provide information about physiological changes in tissues, which can be applied as an early marker during the healing process. Hence, non-invasive monitoring of structural and functional changes in the surrounding tissue during the healing process is essential, and the need for new assessing methods is emerging. This paper provides an assessment of Mg based implants, and an extensive review of the literature is presented with the focus on the imaging techniques for investigation of the Mg implants' biodegradation. The potential of a hybrid analysis, including Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) and photoacoustic imaging (PAI) technology, is further discussed. A hybrid solution may play a significant role in monitoring implants and have several advantages for monitoring tissue oxygenation in addition to tissue's acidity, which is directly connected to the Mg implants degradation process. Such a hybrid assessment system can be a simple, ambulant, and less costly technology with the potential for clinically monitoring of Mg implants at site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafiz Wajahat Hassan
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo, Norway
| | | | - Olga Korostynska
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo, Norway
| | - Haroon Khan
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jithin Jose
- FUJIFILM VisualSonics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peyman Mirtaheri
- Oslo Metropolitan University, Faculty of Technology, Art and Design, Department of Mechanical, Electronic and Chemical Engineering, Oslo, Norway.
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Steiner AR, Rousseau-Blass F, Schroeter A, Hartnack S, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Systematic Review: Anesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part B: Effects of Anesthetic Agents, Doses and Timing. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11010199. [PMID: 33467584 PMCID: PMC7830239 DOI: 10.3390/ani11010199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary To understand brain function in rats and mice functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain is used. With this type of “brain scan” regional changes in blood flow and oxygen consumption are measured as an indirect surrogate for activity of brain regions. Animals are often anesthetized for the experiments to prevent stress and blurred images due to movement. However, anesthesia may alter the measurements, as blood flow within the brain is differently affected by different anesthetics, and anesthetics also directly affect brain function. Consequently, results obtained under one anesthetic protocol may not be comparable with those obtained under another, and/or not representative for awake animals and humans. We have systematically searched the existing literature for studies analyzing the effects of different anesthesia methods or studies that compared anesthetized and awake animals. Most studies reported that anesthetic agents, doses and timing had an effect on functional magnetic resonance imaging results. To obtain results which promote our understanding of brain function, it is therefore essential that a standard for anesthetic protocols for functional magnetic resonance is defined and their impact is well characterized. Abstract In rodent models the use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) under anesthesia is common. The anesthetic protocol might influence fMRI readouts either directly or via changes in physiological parameters. As long as those factors cannot be objectively quantified, the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents is impaired. In the present systematic review, literature analyzing in rats and mice the influence of anesthesia regimes and concurrent physiological functions on blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI results was investigated. Studies from four databases that were searched were selected following pre-defined criteria. Two separate articles publish the results; the herewith presented article includes the analyses of 83 studies. Most studies found differences in BOLD fMRI readouts with different anesthesia drugs and dose rates, time points of imaging or when awake status was compared to anesthetized animals. To obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from rodent fMRI studies, stable levels of anesthesia with agents suitable for the model under investigation as well as known and objectively quantifiable effects on readouts are, thus, mandatory. Further studies should establish dose ranges for standardized anesthetic protocols and determine time windows for imaging during which influence of anesthesia on readout is objectively quantifiable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. Steiner
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Frédérik Rousseau-Blass
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, Canada;
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
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Steiner AR, Rousseau-Blass F, Schroeter A, Hartnack S, Bettschart-Wolfensberger R. Systematic Review: Anaesthetic Protocols and Management as Confounders in Rodent Blood Oxygen Level Dependent Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (BOLD fMRI)-Part A: Effects of Changes in Physiological Parameters. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:577119. [PMID: 33192261 PMCID: PMC7646331 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.577119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To understand brain function in health and disease, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is widely used in rodent models. Because animals need to be immobilised for image acquisition, fMRI is commonly performed under anaesthesia. The choice of anaesthetic protocols and may affect fMRI readouts, either directly or via changing physiological balance, and thereby threaten the scientific validity of fMRI in rodents. Methods: The present study systematically reviewed the literature investigating the influence of different anaesthesia regimes and changes in physiological parameters as confounders of blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) fMRI in rats and mice. Four databases were searched, studies selected according to pre-defined criteria, and risk of bias assessed for each study. Results are reported in two separate articles; this part of the review focuses on effects of changes in physiological parameters. Results: A total of 121 publications was included, of which 49 addressed effects of changes in physiological parameters. Risk of bias was high in all included studies. Blood oxygenation [arterial partial pressure of oxygen (paO2)], ventilation [arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (paCO2)] and arterial blood pressure affected BOLD fMRI readouts across various experimental paradigms. Conclusions: Blood oxygenation, ventilation and arterial blood pressure should be monitored and maintained at stable physiological levels throughout experiments. Appropriate anaesthetic management and monitoring are crucial to obtain scientifically valid, reproducible results from fMRI studies in rodent models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline R. Steiner
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Frédérik Rousseau-Blass
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Aileen Schroeter
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Zurich and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sonja Hartnack
- Section of Epidemiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Regula Bettschart-Wolfensberger
- Section of Anaesthesiology, Department of Clinical and Diagnostic Services, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Capo Rangel G, Prezioso J, Gerardo-Giorda L, Somersalo E, Calvetti D. Brain energetics plays a key role in the coordination of electrophysiology, metabolism and hemodynamics: Evidence from an integrated computational model. J Theor Biol 2019; 478:26-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Kay K, Jamison KW, Vizioli L, Zhang R, Margalit E, Ugurbil K. A critical assessment of data quality and venous effects in sub-millimeter fMRI. Neuroimage 2019; 189:847-869. [PMID: 30731246 PMCID: PMC7737092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in hardware, pulse sequences, and reconstruction techniques have made it possible to perform functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) at sub-millimeter resolution while maintaining high spatial coverage and acceptable signal-to-noise ratio. Here, we examine whether sub-millimeter fMRI can be used as a routine method for obtaining accurate measurements of fine-scale local neural activity. We conducted fMRI in human visual cortex during a simple event-related visual experiment (7 T, gradient-echo EPI, 0.8-mm isotropic voxels, 2.2-s sampling rate, 84 slices), and developed analysis and visualization tools to assess the quality of the data. Our results fall along three lines of inquiry. First, we find that the acquired fMRI images, combined with appropriate surface-based processing, provide reliable and accurate measurements of fine-scale blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) activity patterns. Second, we show that the highly folded structure of cortex causes substantial biases on spatial resolution and data visualization. Third, we examine the well-recognized issue of venous contributions to fMRI signals. In a systematic assessment of large sections of cortex measured at a fine scale, we show that time-averaged T2*-weighted EPI intensity is a simple, robust marker of venous effects. These venous effects are unevenly distributed across cortex, are more pronounced in gyri and outer cortical depths, and are, to a certain degree, in consistent locations across subjects relative to cortical folding. Furthermore, we show that these venous effects are strongly correlated with BOLD responses evoked by the experiment. We conclude that sub-millimeter fMRI can provide robust information about fine-scale BOLD activity patterns, but special care must be exercised in visualizing and interpreting these patterns, especially with regards to the confounding influence of the brain's vasculature. To help translate these methodological findings to neuroscience research, we provide practical suggestions for both high-resolution and standard-resolution fMRI studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kendrick Kay
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, USA.
| | - Keith W Jamison
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Luca Vizioli
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Ruyuan Zhang
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, USA
| | - Eshed Margalit
- Stanford Neurosciences Institute, Stanford University, USA
| | - Kamil Ugurbil
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research (CMRR), Department of Radiology, University of Minnesota, USA
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10
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In vivo imaging for neurovascular disease research. Arch Pharm Res 2019; 42:263-273. [PMID: 30756309 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-019-01128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Connections between various cell types in the brain enable cognitive function. The neurovascular unit is a structure composed of different cell types that regulate neurovascular coupling, blood-brain barrier permeability, and other interactions with peripheral systems. The relationship among the components of the neurovascular unit is complex and difficult to study without the use of in vivo neurovascular disease imaging. In this review, we introduce principles and examples of various in vivo optical imaging techniques including laser Doppler flowmetry, laser speckle contrast imaging, intrinsic optical signal imaging, optical coherence tomography, and two-photon microscopy. Furthermore, we introduce recent advances of in vivo imaging and future directions for promoting neurovascular disease research.
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11
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Dopfel D, Zhang N. Mapping stress networks using functional magnetic resonance imaging in awake animals. Neurobiol Stress 2018; 9:251-263. [PMID: 30450389 PMCID: PMC6234259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2018.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2018] [Revised: 05/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurobiology of stress is studied through behavioral neuroscience, endocrinology, neuronal morphology and neurophysiology. There is a shift in focus toward progressive changes throughout stress paradigms and individual susceptibility to stress that requires methods that allow for longitudinal study design and study of individual differences in stress response. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), with the advantages of noninvasiveness and a large field of view, can be used for functionally mapping brain-wide regions and circuits critical to the stress response, making it suitable for longitudinal studies and understanding individual variability of short-term and long-term consequences of stress exposure. In addition, fMRI can be applied to both animals and humans, which is highly valuable in translating findings across species and examining whether the physiology and neural circuits involved in the stress response are conserved in mammals. However, compared to human fMRI studies, there are a number of factors that are essential for the success of fMRI studies in animals. This review discussed the use of fMRI in animal studies of stress. It reviewed advantages, challenges and technical considerations of the animal fMRI methodology as well as recent literature of stress studies using fMRI in animals. It also highlighted the development of combining fMRI with other methods and the future potential of fMRI in animal studies of stress. We conclude that animal fMRI studies, with their flexibility, low cost and short time frame compared to human studies, are crucial to advancing our understanding of the neurobiology of stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dopfel
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Nanyin Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- The Huck Institutes of Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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12
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Does the Stress of Laboratory Life and Experimentation on Animals Adversely Affect Research Data? A Critical Review. Altern Lab Anim 2018; 46:291-305. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291804600501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurrent acute and/or chronic stress can affect all vertebrate species, and can have serious consequences. It is increasingly and widely appreciated that laboratory animals experience significant and repeated stress, which is unavoidable and is caused by many aspects of laboratory life, such as captivity, transport, noise, handling, restraint and other procedures, as well as the experimental procedures applied to them. Such stress is difficult to mitigate, and lack of significant desensitisation/habituation can result in considerable psychological and physiological welfare problems, which are mediated by the activation of various neuroendocrine networks that have numerous and pervasive effects. Psychological damage can be reflected in stereotypical behaviours, including repetitive pacing and circling, and even self-harm. Physical consequences include adverse effects on immune function, inflammatory responses, metabolism, and disease susceptibility and progression. Further, some of these effects are epigenetic, and are therefore potentially transgenerational: the biology of animals whose parents/grandparents were wild-caught and/or have experienced chronic stress in laboratories could be altered, as compared to free-living individuals. It is argued that these effects must have consequences for the reliability of experimental data and their extrapolation to humans, and this may not be recognised sufficiently among those who use animals in experiments.
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13
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Fischer F, Pieper F, Galindo-Leon E, Engler G, Hilgetag CC, Engel AK. Intrinsic Functional Connectivity Resembles Cortical Architecture at Various Levels of Isoflurane Anesthesia. Cereb Cortex 2018; 28:2991-3003. [PMID: 29788295 PMCID: PMC6041950 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhy114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Cortical single neuron activity and local field potential patterns change at different depths of general anesthesia. Here, we investigate the associated network level changes of functional connectivity. We recorded ongoing electrocorticographic (ECoG) activity from temporo-parieto-occipital cortex of 6 ferrets at various levels of isoflurane/nitrous oxide anesthesia and determined functional connectivity by computing amplitude envelope correlations. Through hierarchical clustering, we derived typical connectivity patterns corresponding to light, intermediate and deep anesthesia. Generally, amplitude correlation strength increased strongly with depth of anesthesia across all cortical areas and frequency bands. This was accompanied, at the deepest level, by the emergence of burst-suppression activity in the ECoG signal and a change of the spectrum of the amplitude envelope. Normalization of functional connectivity to the distribution of correlation coefficients showed that the topographical patterns remained similar across depths of anesthesia, reflecting the functional association of the underlying cortical areas. Thus, while strength and temporal properties of amplitude co-modulation vary depending on the activity of local neural circuits, their network-level interaction pattern is presumably most strongly determined by the underlying structural connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Fischer
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pieper
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Edgar Galindo-Leon
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Engler
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claus C Hilgetag
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas K Engel
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistraße 52, Hamburg, Germany
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14
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Hall CN, Howarth C, Kurth-Nelson Z, Mishra A. Interpreting BOLD: towards a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2017; 371:rstb.2015.0348. [PMID: 27574302 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2015.0348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cognitive neuroscience depends on the use of blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to probe brain function. Although commonly used as a surrogate measure of neuronal activity, BOLD signals actually reflect changes in brain blood oxygenation. Understanding the mechanisms linking neuronal activity to vascular perfusion is, therefore, critical in interpreting BOLD. Advances in cellular neuroscience demonstrating differences in this neurovascular relationship in different brain regions, conditions or pathologies are often not accounted for when interpreting BOLD. Meanwhile, within cognitive neuroscience, the increasing use of high magnetic field strengths and the development of model-based tasks and analyses have broadened the capability of BOLD signals to inform us about the underlying neuronal activity, but these methods are less well understood by cellular neuroscientists. In 2016, a Royal Society Theo Murphy Meeting brought scientists from the two communities together to discuss these issues. Here, we consolidate the main conclusions arising from that meeting. We discuss areas of consensus about what BOLD fMRI can tell us about underlying neuronal activity, and how advanced modelling techniques have improved our ability to use and interpret BOLD. We also highlight areas of controversy in understanding BOLD and suggest research directions required to resolve these issues.This article is part of the themed issue 'Interpreting BOLD: a dialogue between cognitive and cellular neuroscience'.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Clare Howarth
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Zebulun Kurth-Nelson
- Max Planck UCL Centre for Computational Psychiatry and Ageing Research, University College London, London, UK
| | - Anusha Mishra
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology and Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
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15
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Hussey EK, Christianson K, Treiman DM, Smith KA, Steinmetz PN. Single neuron recordings of bilinguals performing in a continuous recognition memory task. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181850. [PMID: 28832639 PMCID: PMC5568109 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the results of a bilingual continuous recognition memory task during which single- and multi-neuron activity was recorded in human subjects with intracranial microwire implants. Subjects (n = 5) were right-handed Spanish-English bilinguals who were undergoing evaluation prior to surgery for severe epilepsy. Subjects were presented with Spanish and English words and the task was to determine whether any given word had been seen earlier in the testing session, irrespective of the language in which it had appeared. Recordings in the left and right hippocampus revealed notable laterality, whereby both Spanish and English items that had been seen previously in the other language (switch trials) triggered increased neural firing in the left hippocampus. Items that had been seen previously in the same language (repeat trials) triggered increased neural firings in the right hippocampus. These results are consistent with theories that propose roles of both the left- and right-hemisphere in real-time linguistic processing. Importantly, this experiment presents the first instance of intracranial recordings in bilinguals performing a task with switching demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika K. Hussey
- Cognitive Science Team, U.S. Army Natick Soldier Research, Development and Engineering Center, Natick, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Center for Applied Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kiel Christianson
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Illinois, Champaign, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David M. Treiman
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Kris A. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
| | - Peter N. Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute, Phoenix, Arizona, United States of America
- Nakamoto Brain Research Institute, Tempe, Arizona, United States of America
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16
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Turley JA, Zalewska K, Nilsson M, Walker FR, Johnson SJ. An analysis of signal processing algorithm performance for cortical intrinsic optical signal imaging and strategies for algorithm selection. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7198. [PMID: 28775255 PMCID: PMC5543096 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06864-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Intrinsic Optical Signal (IOS) imaging has been used extensively to examine activity-related changes within the cerebral cortex. A significant technical challenge with IOS imaging is the presence of large noise, artefact components and periodic interference. Signal processing is therefore important in obtaining quality IOS imaging results. Several signal processing techniques have been deployed, however, the performance of these approaches for IOS imaging has never been directly compared. The current study aims to compare signal processing techniques that can be used when quantifying stimuli-response IOS imaging data. Data were gathered from the somatosensory cortex of mice following piezoelectric stimulation of the hindlimb. The effectiveness of each technique to remove noise and extract the IOS signal was compared for both spatial and temporal responses. Careful analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each method were carried out to inform the choice of signal processing for IOS imaging. We conclude that spatial Gaussian filtering is the most effective choices for improving the spatial IOS response, whilst temporal low pass and bandpass filtering produce the best results for producing temporal responses when periodic stimuli are an option. Global signal regression and truncated difference also work well and do not require periodic stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Turley
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia. .,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia.
| | - K Zalewska
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - M Nilsson
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - F R Walker
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy and the Centre for Translational Neuroscience and Mental Health Research, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.,Hunter Medical Research Institute, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - S J Johnson
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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17
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Devonshire IM, Burston JJ, Xu L, Lillywhite A, Prior MJ, Watson DJG, Greenspon CM, Iwabuchi SJ, Auer DP, Chapman V. Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging depicts brain activity in models of acute and chronic pain: A new window to study experimental spontaneous pain? Neuroimage 2017. [PMID: 28633971 PMCID: PMC5607296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Application of functional imaging techniques to animal models is vital to understand pain mechanisms, but is often confounded by the need to limit movement artefacts with anaesthesia, and a focus on evoked responses rather than clinically relevant spontaneous pain and related hyperalgesia. The aim of the present study was to investigate the potential of manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MEMRI) to measure neural responses during on-going pain that underpins hyperalgesia in pre-clinical models of nociception. As a proof of concept that MEMRI is sensitive to the neural activity of spontaneous, intermittent behaviour, we studied a separate positive control group undergoing a voluntary running wheel experiment. In the pain models, pain behaviour (weight bearing asymmetry and hindpaw withdrawal thresholds (PWTs)) was measured at baseline and following either intra-articular injection of nerve growth factor (NGF, 10µg/50µl; acute pain model, n=4 rats per group), or the chondrocyte toxin monosodium iodoacetate (MIA, 1mg/50µl; chronic model, n=8 rats per group), or control injection. Separate groups of rats underwent a voluntary wheel running protocol (n=8 rats per group). Rats were administered with paramagnetic ion Mn2+ as soluble MnCl2 over seven days (subcutaneous osmotic pump) to allow cumulative activity-dependent neural accumulation in the models of pain, or over a period of running. T1-weighted MR imaging at 7T was performed under isoflurane anaesthesia using a receive-only rat head coil in combination with a 72mm volume coil for excitation. The pain models resulted in weight bearing asymmetry (NGF: 20.0 ± 5.2%, MIA: 15 ± 3%), and a reduction in PWT in the MIA model (8.3 ± 1.5g) on the final day of assessment before undergoing MR imaging. Voxel-wise and region-based analysis of MEMRI data did not identify group differences in T1 signal. However, MnCl2 accumulation in the VTA, right Ce amygdala, and left cingulate was negatively correlated with pain responses (greater differences in weight bearing), similarly MnCl2 accumulation was reduced in the VTA in line with hyperalgesia (lower PWTs), which suggests reduced regional activation as a result of the intensity and duration of pain experienced during the 7 days of MnCl2 exposure. Motor cortex T1-weighted signal increase was associated with the distance ran in the wheel running study, while no between group difference was seen. Our data suggest that on-going pain related signal changes identified using MEMRI offers a new window to study the neural underpinnings of spontaneous pain in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Devonshire
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - J J Burston
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - L Xu
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - A Lillywhite
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - M J Prior
- Medical Imaging Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - D J G Watson
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - C M Greenspon
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK
| | - S J Iwabuchi
- Medical Imaging Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - D P Auer
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; Medical Imaging Unit, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK; Neuroradiology, Nottingham University Hospitals Trust, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
| | - V Chapman
- Arthritis Research UK Pain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK; School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, UK.
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18
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Knop J, Joëls M, van der Veen R. The added value of rodent models in studying parental influence on offspring development: opportunities, limitations and future perspectives. Curr Opin Psychol 2017; 15:174-181. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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19
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20
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Niranjan A, Christie IN, Solomon SG, Wells JA, Lythgoe MF. fMRI mapping of the visual system in the mouse brain with interleaved snapshot GE-EPI. Neuroimage 2016; 139:337-345. [PMID: 27296012 PMCID: PMC4988789 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2016.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in mice is increasingly prevalent, providing a means to non-invasively characterise functional abnormalities associated with genetic models of human diseases. The predominant stimulus used in task-based fMRI in the mouse is electrical stimulation of the paw. Task-based fMRI in mice using visual stimuli remains underexplored, despite visual stimuli being common in human fMRI studies. In this study, we map the mouse brain visual system with BOLD measurements at 9.4T using flashing light stimuli with medetomidine anaesthesia. BOLD responses were observed in the lateral geniculate nucleus, the superior colliculus and the primary visual area of the cortex, and were modulated by the flashing frequency, diffuse vs focussed light and stimulus context. Negative BOLD responses were measured in the visual cortex at 10Hz flashing frequency; but turned positive below 5Hz. In addition, the use of interleaved snapshot GE-EPI improved fMRI image quality without diminishing the temporal contrast-noise-ratio. Taken together, this work demonstrates a novel methodological protocol in which the mouse brain visual system can be non-invasively investigated using BOLD fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Niranjan
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Isabel N Christie
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK; Centre for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Neuroscience, Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Samuel G Solomon
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jack A Wells
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark F Lythgoe
- UCL Centre for Advanced Biomedical Imaging, Division of Medicine and Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
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21
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Di Marco LY, Farkas E, Martin C, Venneri A, Frangi AF. Is Vasomotion in Cerebral Arteries Impaired in Alzheimer's Disease? J Alzheimers Dis 2016; 46:35-53. [PMID: 25720414 PMCID: PMC4878307 DOI: 10.3233/jad-142976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A substantial body of evidence supports the hypothesis of a vascular component in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Cerebral hypoperfusion and blood-brain barrier dysfunction have been indicated as key elements of this pathway. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a cerebrovascular disorder, frequent in AD, characterized by the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in cerebral blood vessel walls. CAA is associated with loss of vascular integrity, resulting in impaired regulation of cerebral circulation, and increased susceptibility to cerebral ischemia, microhemorrhages, and white matter damage. Vasomotion— the spontaneous rhythmic modulation of arterial diameter, typically observed in arteries/arterioles in various vascular beds including the brain— is thought to participate in tissue perfusion and oxygen delivery regulation. Vasomotion is impaired in adverse conditions such as hypoperfusion and hypoxia. The perivascular and glymphatic pathways of Aβ clearance are thought to be driven by the systolic pulse. Vasomotion produces diameter changes of comparable amplitude, however at lower rates, and could contribute to these mechanisms of Aβ clearance. In spite of potential clinical interest, studies addressing cerebral vasomotion in the context of AD/CAA are limited. This study reviews the current literature on vasomotion, and hypothesizes potential paths implicating impaired cerebral vasomotion in AD/CAA. Aβ and oxidative stress cause vascular tone dysregulation through direct effects on vascular cells, and indirect effects mediated by impaired neurovascular coupling. Vascular tone dysregulation is further aggravated by cholinergic deficit and results in depressed cerebrovascular reactivity and (possibly) impaired vasomotion, aggravating regional hypoperfusion and promoting further Aβ and oxidative stress accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Yuri Di Marco
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Eszter Farkas
- Department of Medical Physics and Informatics, Faculty of Medicine and Faculty of Science and Informatics, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Chris Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Annalena Venneri
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK.,IRCCS, Fondazione Ospedale S. Camillo, Venice, Italy
| | - Alejandro F Frangi
- Centre for Computational Imaging and Simulation Technologies in Biomedicine (CISTIB), Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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22
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Microvascular Dysfunction and Cognitive Impairment. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:241-58. [PMID: 26988697 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0308-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The impact of vascular risk factors on cognitive function has garnered much interest in recent years. The appropriate distribution of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients by the cerebral vasculature is critical for proper cognitive performance. The cerebral microvasculature is a key site of vascular resistance and a preferential target for small vessel disease. While deleterious effects of vascular risk factors on microvascular function are known, the contribution of this dysfunction to cognitive deficits is less clear. In this review, we summarize current evidence for microvascular dysfunction in brain. We highlight effects of select vascular risk factors (hypertension, diabetes, and hyperhomocysteinemia) on the pial and parenchymal circulation. Lastly, we discuss potential links between microvascular disease and cognitive function, highlighting current gaps in our understanding.
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23
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Bailey J, Taylor K. Non-human Primates in Neuroscience Research: The Case against its Scientific Necessity. Altern Lab Anim 2016; 44:43-69. [DOI: 10.1177/026119291604400101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Public opposition to non-human primate (NHP) experiments is significant, yet those who defend them cite minimal harm to NHPs and substantial human benefit. Here we review these claims of benefit, specifically in neuroscience, and show that: a) there is a default assumption of their human relevance and benefit, rather than robust evidence; b) their human relevance and essential contribution and necessity are wholly overstated; c) the contribution and capacity of non-animal investigative methods are greatly understated; and d) confounding issues, such as species differences and the effects of stress and anaesthesia, are usually overlooked. This is the case in NHP research generally, but here we specifically focus on the development and interpretation of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), deep brain stimulation (DBS), the understanding of neural oscillations and memory, and investigation of the neural control of movement and of vision/binocular rivalry. The increasing power of human-specific methods, including advances in fMRI and invasive techniques such as electrocorticography and single-unit recordings, is discussed. These methods serve to render NHP approaches redundant. We conclude that the defence of NHP use is groundless, and that neuroscience would be more relevant and successful for humans, if it were conducted with a direct human focus. We have confidence in opposing NHP neuroscience, both on scientific as well as on ethical grounds.
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24
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Newhoff M, Treiman DM, Smith KA, Steinmetz PN. Gender differences in human single neuron responses to male emotional faces. Front Hum Neurosci 2015; 9:499. [PMID: 26441597 PMCID: PMC4568342 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2015.00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Well-documented differences in the psychology and behavior of men and women have spurred extensive exploration of gender's role within the brain, particularly regarding emotional processing. While neuroanatomical studies clearly show differences between the sexes, the functional effects of these differences are less understood. Neuroimaging studies have shown inconsistent locations and magnitudes of gender differences in brain hemodynamic responses to emotion. To better understand the neurophysiology of these gender differences, we analyzed recordings of single neuron activity in the human brain as subjects of both genders viewed emotional expressions. This study included recordings of single-neuron activity of 14 (6 male) epileptic patients in four brain areas: amygdala (236 neurons), hippocampus (n = 270), anterior cingulate cortex (n = 256), and ventromedial prefrontal cortex (n = 174). Neural activity was recorded while participants viewed a series of avatar male faces portraying positive, negative or neutral expressions. Significant gender differences were found in the left amygdala, where 23% (n = 15∕66) of neurons in men were significantly affected by facial emotion, vs. 8% (n = 6∕76) of neurons in women. A Fisher's exact test comparing the two ratios found a highly significant difference between the two (p < 0.01). These results show specific differences between genders at the single-neuron level in the human amygdala. These differences may reflect gender-based distinctions in evolved capacities for emotional processing and also demonstrate the importance of including subject gender as an independent factor in future studies of emotional processing by single neurons in the human amygdala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan Newhoff
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - David M Treiman
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Kris A Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Peter N Steinmetz
- Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, AZ, USA ; Department of Neurosurgery, Barrow Neurological Institute Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Long-latency reductions in gamma power predict hemodynamic changes that underlie the negative BOLD signal. J Neurosci 2015; 35:4641-56. [PMID: 25788681 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2339-14.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies that use prolonged periods of sensory stimulation report associations between regional reductions in neural activity and negative blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signaling. However, the neural generators of the negative BOLD response remain to be characterized. Here, we use single-impulse electrical stimulation of the whisker pad in the anesthetized rat to identify components of the neural response that are related to "negative" hemodynamic changes in the brain. Laminar multiunit activity and local field potential recordings of neural activity were performed concurrently with two-dimensional optical imaging spectroscopy measuring hemodynamic changes. Repeated measurements over multiple stimulation trials revealed significant variations in neural responses across session and animal datasets. Within this variation, we found robust long-latency decreases (300 and 2000 ms after stimulus presentation) in gamma-band power (30-80 Hz) in the middle-superficial cortical layers in regions surrounding the activated whisker barrel cortex. This reduction in gamma frequency activity was associated with corresponding decreases in the hemodynamic responses that drive the negative BOLD signal. These findings suggest a close relationship between BOLD responses and neural events that operate over time scales that outlast the initiating sensory stimulus, and provide important insights into the neurophysiological basis of negative neuroimaging signals.
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Haensel JX, Spain A, Martin C. A systematic review of physiological methods in rodent pharmacological MRI studies. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2015; 232:489-99. [PMID: 25585682 PMCID: PMC4302233 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-014-3855-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Pharmacological magnetic resonance imaging (phMRI) provides an approach to study effects of drug challenges on brain processes. Elucidating mechanisms of drug action helps us to better understand the workings of neurotransmitter systems, map brain function or facilitate drug development. phMRI is increasingly used in preclinical research employing rodent models; however, data interpretation and integration are complicated by the use of different experimental approaches between laboratories. In particular, the effects of different anaesthetic regimes upon neuronal and haemodynamic processes and baseline physiology could be problematic. OBJECTIVES This paper investigates how differences in phMRI research methodologies are manifested and considers associated implications, placing particular emphasis on choice of anaesthetic regimes. METHODS A systematic review of rodent phMRI studies was conducted. Factors such as those describing anaesthetic regimes (e.g. agent, dosage) and parameters relating to physiological maintenance (e.g. ventilatory gases) and MRI method were recorded. RESULTS We identified 126 eligible studies and found that the volatile agents isoflurane (43.7 %) and halothane (33.3 %) were most commonly used for anaesthesia, but dosage and mixture of ventilatory gases varied substantially between laboratories. Relevant physiological parameters were usually recorded, although 32 % of studies did not provide cardiovascular measures. CONCLUSIONS Anaesthesia and animal preparation can influence phMRI data profoundly. The variation of anaesthetic type, dosage regime and ventilatory gases makes consolidation of research findings (e.g. within a specific neurotransmitter system) difficult. Standardisation of a small(er) number of preclinical phMRI research methodologies and/or increased consideration of approaches that do not require anaesthesia is necessary to address these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer X. Haensel
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TP UK
| | - Aisling Spain
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TP UK
| | - Chris Martin
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TP UK
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