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Naffaa MM, Yin HH. A cholinergic signaling pathway underlying cortical circuit activation of quiescent neural stem cells in the lateral ventricle. Sci Signal 2024; 17:eadk8810. [PMID: 39316665 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.adk8810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 09/05/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the subventricular zone (SVZ) located along the lateral ventricles (LVs) of the mammalian brain continue to self-renew to produce new neurons after birth and into adulthood. Quiescent LV cells, which are situated close to the ependymal cells lining the LVs, are activated by choline acetyltransferase-positive (ChAT+) neurons within the subependymal (subep) region of the SVZ when these neurons are stimulated by projections from the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Here, we uncovered a signaling pathway activated by the ACC-subep-ChAT+ circuit responsible for the activation and proliferation of quiescent LV NSCs specifically in the ventral area of the SVZ. This circuit activated muscarinic M3 receptors on quiescent LV NSCs, which subsequently induced signaling mediated by the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 1 (IP3R1). Downstream of IP3R1 activation, which would be expected to increase intracellular Ca2+, Ca2+-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II δ and the MAPK10 signaling pathway were stimulated and required for the proliferation of quiescent LV NSCs in the SVZ. These findings reveal the mechanisms that regulate quiescent LV NSCs and underscore the critical role of projections from the ACC in promoting their proliferative activity within the ventral SVZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moawiah M Naffaa
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Henry H Yin
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Department of Neurobiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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2
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HYPOTHESIS: Do LRIG Proteins Regulate Stem Cell Quiescence by Promoting BMP Signaling? Stem Cell Rev Rep 2023; 19:59-66. [PMID: 35969315 PMCID: PMC9823064 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-022-10442-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeats and immunoglobulin-like domains (LRIG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved integral membrane proteins. Mammalian LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in various tissue compartments, including compartments in the epidermis, oral mucosa, intestines, neural system, and incisors. The planarian LRIG1 homolog regulates the quiescence of multipotent neoblasts. The mechanism through which LRIG proteins regulate stem cell quiescence has not been well documented, although it is generally assumed that LRIG1 regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) or other receptor tyrosine kinases. However, Lrig-null (Lrig1-/-;Lrig2-/-; and Lrig3-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) have been recently found to exhibit apparently normal receptor tyrosine kinase functions. Moreover, bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling has been shown to depend on LRIG1 and LRIG3 expression. BMPs are well-known regulators of stem cell quiescence. Here, we hypothesize that LRIG1 might regulate stem cell quiescence by promoting BMP signaling. HYPOTHESIS: Based on recent findings, it is hypothesized that LRIG1 regulates stem cell quiescence in mammalian tissues as well as in planarian neoblasts by promoting BMP signaling.
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3
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Quaresima S, Istiaq A, Jono H, Cacci E, Ohta K, Lupo G. Assessing the Role of Ependymal and Vascular Cells as Sources of Extracellular Cues Regulating the Mouse Ventricular-Subventricular Zone Neurogenic Niche. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:845567. [PMID: 35450289 PMCID: PMC9016221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.845567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurogenesis persists in selected regions of the adult mouse brain; among them, the ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) of the lateral ventricles represents a major experimental paradigm due to its conspicuous neurogenic output. Postnatal V-SVZ neurogenesis is maintained by a resident population of neural stem cells (NSCs). Although V-SVZ NSCs are largely quiescent, they can be activated to enter the cell cycle, self-renew and generate progeny that gives rise to olfactory bulb interneurons. These adult-born neurons integrate into existing circuits to modify cognitive functions in response to external stimuli, but cells shed by V-SVZ NSCs can also reach injured brain regions, suggesting a latent regenerative potential. The V-SVZ is endowed with a specialized microenvironment, which is essential to maintain the proliferative and neurogenic potential of NSCs, and to preserve the NSC pool from exhaustion by finely tuning their quiescent and active states. Intercellular communication is paramount to the stem cell niche properties of the V-SVZ, and several extracellular signals acting in the niche milieu have been identified. An important part of these signals comes from non-neural cell types, such as local vascular cells, ependymal and glial cells. Understanding the crosstalk between NSCs and other niche components may aid therapeutic approaches for neuropathological conditions, since neurodevelopmental disorders, age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases have been associated with dysfunctional neurogenic niches. Here, we review recent advances in the study of the complex interactions between V-SVZ NSCs and their cellular niche. We focus on the extracellular cues produced by ependymal and vascular cells that regulate NSC behavior in the mouse postnatal V-SVZ, and discuss the potential implication of these molecular signals in pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Quaresima
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arif Istiaq
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Brain Morphogenesis, Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Jono
- Department of Pharmacy, Kumamoto University Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Emanuele Cacci
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Kunimasa Ohta
- Department of Stem Cell Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- *Correspondence: Kunimasa Ohta, ; Giuseppe Lupo,
| | - Giuseppe Lupo
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology “C. Darwin”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Kunimasa Ohta, ; Giuseppe Lupo,
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4
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Lees-Shepard JB, Flint K, Fisher M, Omi M, Richard K, Antony M, Chen PJ, Yadav S, Threadgill D, Maihle NJ, Dealy CN. Cross-talk between EGFR and BMP signals regulates chondrocyte maturation during endochondral ossification. Dev Dyn 2021; 251:75-94. [PMID: 34773433 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Progressive maturation of growth plate chondrocytes drives long bone growth during endochondral ossification. Signals from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and from bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP2), are required for normal chondrocyte maturation. Here, we investigated cross-talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals in developing and adult growth plates. RESULTS Using in vivo mouse models of conditional cartilage-targeted EGFR or BMP2 loss, we show that canonical BMP signal activation is increased in the hypertrophic chondrocytes of EGFR-deficient growth plates; whereas EGFR signal activation is increased in the reserve, prehypertrophic and hypertrophic chondrocytes of BMP2-deficient growth plates. EGFR-deficient chondrocytes displayed increased BMP signal activation in vitro, accompanied by increased expression of IHH, COL10A1, and RUNX2. Hypertrophic differentiation and BMP signal activation were suppressed in normal chondrocyte cultures treated with the EGFR ligand betacellulin, effects that were partially blocked by simultaneous treatment with BMP2 or a chemical EGFR antagonist. CONCLUSIONS Cross-talk between EGFR and BMP2 signals occurs during chondrocyte maturation. In the reserve and prehypertrophic zones, BMP2 signals unilaterally suppress EGFR activity; in the hypertrophic zone, EGFR and BMP2 signals repress each other. This cross-talk may play a role in regulating chondrocyte maturation in developing and adult growth plates.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Lees-Shepard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Flint
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Melanie Fisher
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Minoru Omi
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Kelsey Richard
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, Department of Reconstructive Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Michelle Antony
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Po Jung Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Threadgill
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Nita J Maihle
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA.,Department of Cell & Molecular Biology, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Caroline N Dealy
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
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5
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Jensen GS, Leon-Palmer NE, Townsend KL. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the central regulation of energy balance and adult neural plasticity. Metabolism 2021; 123:154837. [PMID: 34331962 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2021.154837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The current worldwide obesity pandemic highlights a need to better understand the regulation of energy balance and metabolism, including the role of the nervous system in controlling energy intake and energy expenditure. Neural plasticity in the hypothalamus of the adult brain has been implicated in full-body metabolic health, however, the mechanisms surrounding hypothalamic plasticity are incompletely understood. Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) control metabolic health through actions in the brain as well as in peripheral tissues such as adipose, together regulating both energy intake and energy expenditure. BMP ligands, receptors, and inhibitors are found throughout plastic adult brain regions and have been demonstrated to modulate neurogenesis and gliogenesis, as well as synaptic and dendritic plasticity. This role for BMPs in adult neural plasticity is distinct from their roles in brain development. Existing evidence suggests that BMPs induce weight loss through hypothalamic pathways, and part of the mechanism of action may be through inducing neural plasticity. In this review, we summarize the data regarding how BMPs affect neural plasticity in the adult mammalian brain, as well as the relationship between central BMP signaling and metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel S Jensen
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America
| | - Noelle E Leon-Palmer
- School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America
| | - Kristy L Townsend
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America; Department of Neurological Surgery, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States of America; School of Biology and Ecology, University of Maine, Orono, ME, United States of America.
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6
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Marymonchyk A, Malvaut S, Saghatelyan A. In vivo live imaging of postnatal neural stem cells. Development 2021; 148:271820. [PMID: 34383894 DOI: 10.1242/dev.199778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are maintained in specific regions of the postnatal brain and contribute to its structural and functional plasticity. However, the long-term renewal potential of NSCs and their mode of division remain elusive. The use of advanced in vivo live imaging approaches may expand our knowledge of NSC physiology and provide new information for cell replacement therapies. In this Review, we discuss the in vivo imaging methods used to study NSC dynamics and recent live-imaging results with respect to specific intracellular pathways that allow NSCs to integrate and decode different micro-environmental signals. Lastly, we discuss future directions that may provide answers to unresolved questions regarding NSC physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1J 2G3.,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, CanadaG1V 0A6
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7
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Cochard LM, Levros LC, Joppé SE, Pratesi F, Aumont A, Fernandes KJL. Manipulation of EGFR-Induced Signaling for the Recruitment of Quiescent Neural Stem Cells in the Adult Mouse Forebrain. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:621076. [PMID: 33841077 PMCID: PMC8032885 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.621076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ventricular-subventricular zone (V-SVZ) is the principal neurogenic niche in the adult mammalian forebrain. Neural stem/progenitor cell (NSPC) activity within the V-SVZ is controlled by numerous of extrinsic factors, whose downstream effects on NSPC proliferation, survival and differentiation are transduced via a limited number of intracellular signaling pathways. Here, we investigated the relationship between age-related changes in NSPC output and activity of signaling pathways downstream of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a major regulator of NSPC activity. Biochemical experiments indicated that age-related decline of NSPC activity in vivo is accompanied by selective deficits amongst various EGFR-induced signal pathways within the V-SVZ niche. Pharmacological loss-of-function signaling experiments with cultured NSPCs revealed both overlap and selectivity in the biological functions modulated by the EGFR-induced PI3K/AKT, MEK/ERK and mTOR signaling modules. Specifically, while all three modules promoted EGFR-mediated NSPC proliferation, only mTOR contributed to NSPC survival and only MEK/ERK repressed NSPC differentiation. Using a gain-of-function in vivo genetic approach, we electroporated a constitutively active EGFR construct into a subpopulation of quiescent, EGFR-negative neural stem cells (qNSCs); this ectopic activation of EGFR signaling enabled qNSCs to divide in 3-month-old early adult mice, but not in mice at middle-age or carrying familial Alzheimer disease mutations. Thus, (i) individual EGFR-induced signaling pathways have dissociable effects on NSPC proliferation, survival, and differentiation, (ii) activation of EGFR signaling is sufficient to stimulate qNSC cell cycle entry during early adulthood, and (iii) the proliferative effects of EGFR-induced signaling are dominantly overridden by anti-proliferative signals associated with aging and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loïc M Cochard
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Levros
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Sandra E Joppé
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Federico Pratesi
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Anne Aumont
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Karl J L Fernandes
- University of Montreal Hospital Research Centre (CRCHUM), Montreal, QC, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Gengatharan A, Malvaut S, Marymonchyk A, Ghareghani M, Snapyan M, Fischer-Sternjak J, Ninkovic J, Götz M, Saghatelyan A. Adult neural stem cell activation in mice is regulated by the day/night cycle and intracellular calcium dynamics. Cell 2021; 184:709-722.e13. [PMID: 33482084 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain transit from the quiescent state to proliferation to produce new neurons. The mechanisms regulating this transition in freely behaving animals are, however, poorly understood. We customized in vivo imaging protocols to follow NSCs for several days up to months, observing their activation kinetics in freely behaving mice. Strikingly, NSC division is more frequent during daylight and is inhibited by darkness-induced melatonin signaling. The inhibition of melatonin receptors affected intracellular Ca2+ dynamics and promoted NSC activation. We further discovered a Ca2+ signature of quiescent versus activated NSCs and showed that several microenvironmental signals converge on intracellular Ca2+ pathways to regulate NSC quiescence and activation. In vivo NSC-specific optogenetic modulation of Ca2+ fluxes to mimic quiescent-state-like Ca2+ dynamics in freely behaving mice blocked NSC activation and maintained their quiescence, pointing to the regulatory mechanisms mediating NSC activation in freely behaving animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Gengatharan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Sarah Malvaut
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Alina Marymonchyk
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Majid Ghareghani
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Marina Snapyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Judith Fischer-Sternjak
- Division of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany
| | - Jovica Ninkovic
- Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Department of Cell Biology and Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Magdalena Götz
- Division of Physiological Genomics, BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany; Institute of Stem Cell Research, Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), Munich, Germany
| | - Armen Saghatelyan
- CERVO Brain Research Center, Quebec City, QC G1J 2G3, Canada; Université Laval, Quebec City, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
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9
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Migliorini E, Guevara-Garcia A, Albiges-Rizo C, Picart C. Learning from BMPs and their biophysical extracellular matrix microenvironment for biomaterial design. Bone 2020; 141:115540. [PMID: 32730925 PMCID: PMC7614069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
It is nowadays well-accepted that the extracellular matrix (ECM) is not a simple reservoir for growth factors but is an organization center of their biological activity. In this review, we focus on the ability of the ECM to regulate the biological activity of BMPs. In particular, we survey the role of the ECM components, notably the glycosaminoglycans and fibrillary ECM proteins, which can be promoters or repressors of the biological activities mediated by the BMPs. We examine how a process called mechano-transduction induced by the ECM can affect BMP signaling, including BMP internalization by the cells. We also focus on the spatio-temporal regulation of the BMPs, including their release from the ECM, which enables to modulate their spatial localization as well as their local concentration. We highlight how biomaterials can recapitulate some aspects of the BMPs/ECM interactions and help to answer fundamental questions to reveal previously unknown molecular mechanisms. Finally, the design of new biomaterials inspired by the ECM to better present BMPs is discussed, and their use for a more efficient bone regeneration in vivo is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Migliorini
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR 5628, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, ERL 5000, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble France.
| | - Amaris Guevara-Garcia
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR 5628, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, ERL 5000, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble France; Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut for Advances Biosciences, Institute Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Corinne Albiges-Rizo
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut for Advances Biosciences, Institute Albert Bonniot, INSERM U1209, CNRS 5309, La Tronche, France
| | - Catherine Picart
- CNRS, Grenoble Institute of Technology, LMGP, UMR 5628, 3 Parvis Louis Néel, 38016 Grenoble, France; CEA, Institute of Interdisciplinary Research of Grenoble (IRIG), Biomimetism and Regenerative Medicine Lab, ERL 5000, Université Grenoble-Alpes (UGA)/CEA/CNRS, Grenoble France.
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10
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Kobayashi T, Kageyama R. Lysosomes and signaling pathways for maintenance of quiescence in adult neural stem cells. FEBS J 2020; 288:3082-3093. [PMID: 32902139 PMCID: PMC8246936 DOI: 10.1111/febs.15555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Quiescence is a cellular strategy for maintaining somatic stem cells in a specific niche in a low metabolic state without senescence for a long period of time. During development, neural stem cells (NSCs) actively proliferate and self-renew, and their progeny differentiate into both neurons and glial cells to form mature brain tissues. On the other hand, most NSCs in the adult brain are quiescent and arrested in G0/G1 phase of the cell cycle. Quiescence is essential in order to avoid the precocious exhaustion of NSCs, ensuring a sustainable source of available stem cells in the brain throughout the lifespan. After receiving activation signals, quiescent NSCs reenter the cell cycle and generate new neurons. This switching between quiescence and proliferation is tightly regulated by diverse signaling pathways. Recent studies suggest significant involvement of cellular proteostasis (homeostasis of the proteome) in the quiescent state of NSCs. Proteostasis is the result of integrated regulation of protein synthesis, folding, and degradation. In this review, we discuss regulation of quiescence by multiple signaling pathways, especially bone morphogenetic protein and Notch signaling, and focus on the functional involvement of the lysosome, an organelle governing cellular degradation, in quiescence of adult NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kobayashi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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11
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Joppé SE, Cochard LM, Levros LC, Hamilton LK, Ameslon P, Aumont A, Barnabé-Heider F, Fernandes KJ. Genetic targeting of neurogenic precursors in the adult forebrain ventricular epithelium. Life Sci Alliance 2020; 3:3/7/e202000743. [PMID: 32482782 PMCID: PMC7266992 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo evidence for precursors that produce neurons independent of neurosphere-forming neural stem cells suggests the adult forebrain, like the developing brain, has two distinct neurogenic pathways. The ventricular epithelium of the adult forebrain is a heterogeneous cell population that is a source of both quiescent and activated neural stem cells (qNSCs and aNSCs, respectively). We genetically targeted a subset of ventricle-contacting, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-expressing cells, to study their involvement in qNSC/aNSC–mediated adult neurogenesis. Ventricle-contacting GFAP+ cells were lineage-traced beginning in early adulthood using adult brain electroporation and produced small numbers of olfactory bulb neuroblasts until at least 21 mo of age. Notably, electroporated GFAP+ neurogenic precursors were distinct from both qNSCs and aNSCs: they did not give rise to neurosphere-forming aNSCs in vivo or after extended passaging in vitro and they were not recruited during niche regeneration. GFAP+ cells with these properties included a FoxJ1+GFAP+ subset, as they were also present in an inducible FoxJ1 transgenic lineage-tracing model. Transiently overexpressing Mash1 increased the neurogenic output of electroporated GFAP+ cells in vivo, identifying them as a potentially recruitable population. We propose that the qNSC/aNSC lineage of the adult forebrain coexists with a distinct, minimally expanding subset of GFAP+ neurogenic precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra E Joppé
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Loïc M Cochard
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Louis-Charles Levros
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Laura K Hamilton
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Pierre Ameslon
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada.,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anne Aumont
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Fanie Barnabé-Heider
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada
| | - Karl Jl Fernandes
- Research Center of the University of Montreal Hospital (CRCHUM), Montreal, Canada .,Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
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12
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Kobayashi T, Piao W, Takamura T, Kori H, Miyachi H, Kitano S, Iwamoto Y, Yamada M, Imayoshi I, Shioda S, Ballabio A, Kageyama R. Enhanced lysosomal degradation maintains the quiescent state of neural stem cells. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5446. [PMID: 31784517 PMCID: PMC6884460 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13203-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Quiescence is important for sustaining neural stem cells (NSCs) in the adult brain over the lifespan. Lysosomes are digestive organelles that degrade membrane receptors after they undergo endolysosomal membrane trafficking. Enlarged lysosomes are present in quiescent NSCs (qNSCs) in the subventricular zone of the mouse brain, but it remains largely unknown how lysosomal function is involved in the quiescence. Here we show that qNSCs exhibit higher lysosomal activity and degrade activated EGF receptor by endolysosomal degradation more rapidly than proliferating NSCs. Chemical inhibition of lysosomal degradation in qNSCs prevents degradation of signaling receptors resulting in exit from quiescence. Furthermore, conditional knockout of TFEB, a lysosomal master regulator, delays NSCs quiescence in vitro and increases NSC proliferation in the dentate gyrus of mice. Taken together, our results demonstrate that enhanced lysosomal degradation is an important regulator of qNSC maintenance. It remains unclear why quiescent neural stem cells (qNSCs) in the subventricular zone of the mouse brain have enlarged lysosomes. Here, authors demonstrate that qNSCs exhibit higher lysosomal activity and degrade activated EGF receptor by endolysosomal degradation more rapidly than proliferating NSCs, which prevents the NSC exit from quiescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeko Kobayashi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Wenhui Piao
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiya Takamura
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kori
- Department of Complexity Science and Engineering, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 277-8561, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Miyachi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Satsuki Kitano
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yumiko Iwamoto
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan
| | - Mayumi Yamada
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Itaru Imayoshi
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan.,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Seiji Shioda
- Peptide Drug Innovation, Global Research Center for Innovative Life Science (GRIL), Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
| | - Andrea Ballabio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine, Via Campi Flegrei 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, NA, Italy
| | - Ryoichiro Kageyama
- Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8507, Japan. .,Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Graduate School of Biostudies, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan. .,Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.
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13
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Chen C, Yang Y, Yao Y. HBO Promotes the Differentiation of Neural Stem Cells via Interactions Between the Wnt3/β-Catenin and BMP2 Signaling Pathways. Cell Transplant 2019; 28:1686-1699. [PMID: 31694396 PMCID: PMC6923559 DOI: 10.1177/0963689719883578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy may promote neurological recovery from hypoxic-ischemic
encephalopathy (HIE). However, the therapeutic effects of HBO and its associated
mechanisms remain unknown. The canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways and bone
morphogenetic protein (BMP) play important roles in mammalian nervous system development.
The present study examined whether HBO stimulates the differentiation of neural stem cells
(NSCs) and its effect on Wnt3/β-catenin and BMP2 signaling pathways. We showed HBO
treatment (2 ATA, 60 min) promoted differentiation of NSCs into neurons and
oligodendrocytes in vitro. In addition, rat hypoxic-ischemic brain damage (HIBD) tissue
extracts also promoted the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes, with
the advantage of reducing the number of astrocytes. These effects were most pronounced
when these two were combined together. In addition, the expression of Wnt3a, BMP2, and
β-catenin nuclear proteins were increased after HBO treatment. However, blockade of
Wnt/β-catenin or BMP signaling inhibited NSC differentiation and reduced the expression of
Wnt3a, BMP2, and β-catenin nuclear proteins. In conclusion, HBO promotes differentiation
of NSCs into neurons and oligodendrocytes and reduced the number of astrocytes in vitro
possibly through regulation of Wnt3/β-catenin and BMP2 signaling pathways. HBO may serve
as a potential therapeutic strategy for treating HIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongfeng Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Jinan University, Guangzhou City, Guangdong, China
| | - Yujia Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, P.R. China
| | - Yue Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha City, Hunan, P.R. China
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14
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Andreopoulou E, Arampatzis A, Patsoni M, Kazanis I. Being a Neural Stem Cell: A Matter of Character But Defined by the Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1041:81-118. [PMID: 29204830 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-69194-7_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cells that build the nervous system, either this is a small network of ganglia or a complicated primate brain, are called neural stem and progenitor cells. Even though the very primitive and the very recent neural stem cells (NSCs) share common basic characteristics that are hard-wired within their character, such as the expression of transcription factors of the SoxB family, their capacity to give rise to extremely different neural tissues depends significantly on instructions from the microenvironment. In this chapter we explore the nature of the NSC microenvironment, looking through evolution, embryonic development, maturity and even disease. Experimental work undertaken over the last 20 years has revealed exciting insight into the NSC microcosmos. NSCs are very capable in producing their own extracellular matrix and in regulating their behaviour in an autocrine and paracrine manner. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence indicates an important role for the vasculature, especially within the NSC niches of the postnatal brain; while novel results reveal direct links between the metabolic state of the organism and the function of NSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelia Andreopoulou
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Asterios Arampatzis
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Melina Patsoni
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Ilias Kazanis
- Lab of Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.
- Wellcome Trust- MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Biology Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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15
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Illes S. More than a drainage fluid: the role of CSF in signaling in the brain and other effects on brain tissue. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2018; 146:33-46. [PMID: 29110778 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-804279-3.00003-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Current progress in neuroscience demonstrates that the brain is not an isolated organ and is influenced by the systemic environment and extracerebral processes within the body. In view of this new concept, blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are important body fluids linking extracerebral and intracerebral processes. For decades, substantial evidence has been accumulated indicating that CSF modulates brain states and influences behavior as well as cognition. This chapter provides an overview of how CSF directly modulates the function of different types of brain cells, such as neurons, neural stem cells, and CSF-contacting cells. Alterations in CSF content occur in most pathologic central nervous system (CNS) conditions. In a classic view, the function of CSF is to drain waste products and detrimental factors derived from diseased brain parenchyma. This chapter presents examples for how intra- and extracerebral pathologic processes lead to alterations in the CSF content. Current knowledge about how pathologically altered CSF influences the functionality of brain cells will be presented. Thereby, it becomes evident that CSF has more than a drainage function and has a causal role for the etiology and pathogenesis of different CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Illes
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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16
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Luque-Molina I, Khatri P, Schmidt-Edelkraut U, Simeonova IK, Hölzl-Wenig G, Mandl C, Ciccolini F. Bone Morphogenetic Protein Promotes Lewis X Stage-Specific Embryonic Antigen 1 Expression Thereby Interfering with Neural Precursor and Stem Cell Proliferation. Stem Cells 2017; 35:2417-2429. [PMID: 28869691 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Revised: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The glycoprotein Prominin-1 and the carbohydrate Lewis X stage-specific embryonic antigen 1 (LeX-SSEA1) both have been extensively used as cell surface markers to purify neural stem cells (NSCs). While Prominin-1 labels a specialized membrane region in NSCs and ependymal cells, the specificity of LeX-SSEA1 expression and its biological significance are still unknown. To address these issues, we have here monitored the expression of the carbohydrate in neonatal and adult NSCs and in their progeny. Our results show that the percentage of immunopositive cells and the levels of LeX-SSEA1 immunoreactivity both increase with postnatal age across all stages of the neural lineage. This is associated with decreased proliferation in precursors including NSCs, which accumulate the carbohydrate at the cell surface while remaining quiescent. Exposure of precursors to bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) increases LEX-SSEA1 expression, which promotes cell cycle withdrawal by a mechanism involving LeX-SSEA1-mediated interaction at the cell surface. Conversely, interference with either BMP signaling or with LeX-SSEA1 promotes proliferation to a similar degree. Thus, in the postnatal germinal niche, the expression of LeX-SSEA1 increases with age and exposure to BMP signaling, thereby downregulating the proliferation of subependymal zone precursors including NSCs. Stem Cells 2017;35:2417-2429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inma Luque-Molina
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Priti Khatri
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Udo Schmidt-Edelkraut
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ina K Simeonova
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gabriele Hölzl-Wenig
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Claudi Mandl
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Francesca Ciccolini
- Department of Neurobiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Neurosciences (IZN), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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17
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Zhao L, Zhou C, Li L, Liu J, Shi H, Kan B, Li Z, Li Y, Han J, Yu J. Acupuncture Improves Cerebral Microenvironment in Mice with Alzheimer's Disease Treated with Hippocampal Neural Stem Cells. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5120-5130. [PMID: 27558235 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0054-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transplantation with neural stem cells (NSCs) is a promising clinical therapy for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the final fate of grafted NSCs is mainly determined by the host microenvironment. Therefore, this study investigated the role of Sanjiao acupuncture in the NSCs-treated hippocampus of a mouse model, senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) using Western blot, real-time fluorescent PCR, and immunofluorescence techniques. Meanwhile, we developed a co-culture model of hippocampal tissue specimens and NSCs in vitro, to observe the effects of acupuncture on survival, proliferation and differentiation of grafted NSCs using flow cytometry. Results showed that acupuncture pre- and post-NSCs transplantation significantly improved senescence-induced cognitive dysfunction (P < 0.05); upregulated the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) (P < 0.05); and also increased the count of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN)- and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive cells (P < 0.05). Therapeutic acupuncture may regulate the cytokine levels associated with survival, proliferation, and differentiation of NSCs in hippocampal microenvironment, to promote the repair of damaged cells, resulting in improved cognitive performance in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Zhao
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China. .,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Li Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jianwei Liu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huiyan Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Bohong Kan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Zhen Li
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yunzhu Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jingxian Han
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jianchun Yu
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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18
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Pytte CL. Adult Neurogenesis in the Songbird: Region-Specific Contributions of New Neurons to Behavioral Plasticity and Stability. BRAIN, BEHAVIOR AND EVOLUTION 2016; 87:191-204. [PMID: 27560148 DOI: 10.1159/000447048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our understanding of the role of new neurons in learning and encoding new information has been largely based on studies of new neurons in the mammalian dentate gyrus and olfactory bulb - brain regions that may be specialized for learning. Thus the role of new neurons in regions that serve other functions has yet to be fully explored. The song system provides a model for studying new neuron function in brain regions that contribute differently to song learning, song auditory discrimination, and song motor production. These regions subserve learning as well as long-term storage of previously learned information. This review examines the differences between learning-based and activity-based retention of new neurons and explores the potential contributions of new neurons to behavioral stability in the song motor production pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn L Pytte
- Psychology Department, Queens College and The Graduate Center, City University of New York, Flushing, N.Y., USA
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