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Friesen E, Hari K, Sheft M, Thiessen JD, Martin M. Magnetic resonance metrics for identification of cuprizone-induced demyelination in the mouse model of neurodegeneration: a review. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024:10.1007/s10334-024-01160-z. [PMID: 38635150 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-024-01160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders, including Multiple Sclerosis (MS), are heterogenous disorders which affect the myelin sheath of the central nervous system (CNS). Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) provides a non-invasive method for studying, diagnosing, and monitoring disease progression. As an emerging research area, many studies have attempted to connect MR metrics to underlying pathophysiological presentations of heterogenous neurodegeneration. Most commonly, small animal models are used, including Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis (EAE), Theiler's Murine Encephalomyelitis (TMEV), and toxin models including cuprizone (CPZ), lysolecithin, and ethidium bromide (EtBr). A contrast and comparison of these models is presented, with focus on the cuprizone model, followed by a review of literature studying neurodegeneration using MRI and the cuprizone model. Conventional MRI methods including T1 Weighted (T1W) and T2 Weighted (T2W) Imaging are mentioned. Quantitative MRI methods which are sensitive to diffusion, magnetization transfer, susceptibility, relaxation, and chemical composition are discussed in relation to studying the CPZ model. Overall, additional studies are needed to improve both the sensitivity and specificity of MRI metrics for underlying pathophysiology of neurodegeneration and the relationships in attempts to clear the clinico-radiological paradox. We therefore propose a multiparametric approach for the investigation of MR metrics for underlying pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Friesen
- Chemistry, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada.
| | - Kamya Hari
- Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
- Electronics and Communication Engineering, SSN College of Engineering, Chennai, India
| | - Maxina Sheft
- Physics, University of Winnipeg, Winnipeg, Canada
- Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Jonathan D Thiessen
- Imaging Program, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Canada
- Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Canada
- Medical Imaging, Western University, London, Canada
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2
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Yilmaz EN, Albrecht S, Groll K, Thomas C, Wallhorn L, Herold M, Hucke S, Klotz L, Kuhlmann T. Influx of T cells into corpus callosum increases axonal injury, but does not change the course of remyelination in toxic demyelination. Glia 2023; 71:991-1001. [PMID: 36511515 DOI: 10.1002/glia.24319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a focal inflammatory and demyelinating disease. The inflammatory infiltrates consist of macrophages/microglia, T and B cells. Remyelination (RM) is an endogenous repair process which frequently fails in MS patients. In earlier studies, T cells either promoted or impaired RM. Here, we used the combined cuprizone/MOG-EAE model to further dissect the functional role of T cells for RM. The combination of MOG immunization with cuprizone feeding targeted T cells to the corpus callosum and increased the extent of axonal injury. Global gene expression analyses demonstrated significant changes in the inflammatory environment; however, additional MOG immunization did not alter the course of RM. Our results suggest that the inflammatory environment in the combined model affects axons and oligodendrocytes differently and that oligodendroglial lineage cells might be less susceptible to T cell mediated injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elif Nur Yilmaz
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stefanie Albrecht
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Katharina Groll
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Christian Thomas
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Lutz Wallhorn
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Martin Herold
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Stephanie Hucke
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Tanja Kuhlmann
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
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Tahmasebi F, Barati S, Kashani IR. Effect of CSF1R inhibitor on glial cells population and remyelination in the cuprizone model. Neuropeptides 2021; 89:102179. [PMID: 34274854 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2021.102179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis is a kind of autoimmune and demyelinating disease with pathological symptoms such as inflammation, myelin loss, astrocytosis, and microgliosis. The colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R) is an essential factor for the microglial function, and PLX3397 (PLX) is its specific inhibitor. In this wstudy, we assessed the effect of different doses of PLX for microglial ablation on glial cell population and remyelination process. Sixty male C57BL/6 mice (8 weeks old) were divided into 6 groups. The animals were fed with 0.2% cuprizone diet for 12 weeks. For microglial ablation, PLX (290 mg/kg) was added to the animal food for 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. Glial cell population was measured using immunohistochemistry. The rate of remyelination was evaluated using electron microscopy and Luxol Fast Blue staining. The expression levels of all genes were assessed by qRT-PCR method. Data were analysed using GraphPad Prism and SPSS software. The results showed that the administration of different doses of PLX significantly reduced microglial cells (p ≤ .001). PLX administration also significantly increased oligodendrocytes population (p ≤ .001) and remyelination compared to the cuprizone mice, which was aligned with the results of LFB and TEM. Gene results showed that PLX treatment reduced CSF1R expression. According to the results, the administration of PLX for 21 days enhanced remyelination by increasing oligodendrocytes in the chronic demyelination model. These positive effects could be related to the reduction of microglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Tahmasebi
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Shirin Barati
- Department of Anatomy, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
| | - Iraj Ragerdi Kashani
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Demyelination and remyelination detected in an alternative cuprizone mouse model of multiple sclerosis with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging. Sci Rep 2021; 11:11060. [PMID: 34040141 PMCID: PMC8155133 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90597-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms underlying demyelination and remyelination with 7.0 T multiparameter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in an alternative cuprizone (CPZ) mouse model of multiple sclerosis (MS). Sixty mice were divided into six groups (n = 10, each), and these groups were imaged with 7.0 T multiparameter MRI and treated with an alternative CPZ administration schedule. T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI), and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) were used to compare the splenium of the corpus callosum (sCC) among the groups. Prussian blue and Luxol fast blue staining were performed to assess pathology. The correlations of the mean grayscale value (mGSV) of the pathology results and the MRI metrics were analyzed to evaluate the multiparameter MRI results. One-way ANOVA and post hoc comparison showed that the normalized T2WI (T2-nor), fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), radial diffusivity (RD), and axial diffusivity (AD) values were significantly different among the six groups, while the mean phase (Φ) value of SWI was not significantly different among the groups. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation between the T2-nor and mGSV was higher than that among the other values. The correlations among the FA, RD, MD, and mGSV remained instructive. In conclusion, ultrahigh-field multiparameter MRI can reflect the pathological changes associated with and the underlying mechanisms of demyelination and remyelination in MS after the successful establishment of an acute CPZ-induced model.
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Miedema A, Wijering MHC, Eggen BJL, Kooistra SM. High-Resolution Transcriptomic and Proteomic Profiling of Heterogeneity of Brain-Derived Microglia in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:583811. [PMID: 33192299 PMCID: PMC7654237 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.583811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia are important for central nervous system (CNS) homeostasis and first to respond to tissue damage and perturbations. Microglia are heterogeneous cells; in case of pathology, microglia adopt a range of phenotypes with altered functions. However, how these different microglia subtypes are implicated in CNS disease is largely unresolved. Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic demyelinating disease of the CNS, characterized by inflammation and axonal degeneration, ultimately leading to neurological decline. One way microglia are implicated in MS is through stimulation of remyelination. They facilitate efficient remyelination by phagocytosis of myelin debris. In addition, microglia recruit oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) to demyelinated areas and stimulate remyelination. The development of high-resolution technologies to profile individual cells has greatly contributed to our understanding of microglia heterogeneity and function under normal and pathological conditions. Gene expression profiling technologies have evolved from whole tissue RNA sequencing toward single-cell or nucleus sequencing. Single microglia proteomic profiles are also increasingly generated, offering another layer of high-resolution data. Here, we will review recent studies that have employed these technologies in the context of MS and their respective advantages and disadvantages. Moreover, recent developments that allow for (single) cell profiling while retaining spatial information and tissue context will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneke Miedema
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Marion H C Wijering
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Bart J L Eggen
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Susanne M Kooistra
- Section Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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6
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Allosterism of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors: Therapeutic Potential for Neuroinflammation Underlying Brain Trauma and Degenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21144918. [PMID: 32664647 PMCID: PMC7404387 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21144918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation is a key physiological phenomenon that can be pervasive when dysregulated. Persistent chronic inflammation precedes several pathophysiological conditions forming one of the critical cellular homeostatic checkpoints. With a steady global surge in inflammatory diseases, it is imperative to delineate underlying mechanisms and design suitable drug molecules targeting the cellular partners that mediate and regulate inflammation. Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have a confirmed role in influencing inflammatory pathways and have been a subject of scientific scrutiny underlying drug development in recent years. Drugs designed to target allosteric sites on the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors present a unique opportunity to unravel the role of the cholinergic system in regulating and restoring inflammatory homeostasis. Such a therapeutic approach holds promise in treating several inflammatory conditions and diseases with inflammation as an underlying pathology. Here, we briefly describe the potential of cholinergic allosterism and some allosteric modulators as a promising therapeutic option for the treatment of neuroinflammation.
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Guglielmetti C, Boucneau T, Cao P, Van der Linden A, Larson PEZ, Chaumeil MM. Longitudinal evaluation of demyelinated lesions in a multiple sclerosis model using ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer (UTE-MT) imaging. Neuroimage 2019; 208:116415. [PMID: 31811900 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2019.116415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 11/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in myelin integrity are involved in many neurological disorders and demyelinating diseases, such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the gold standard method to diagnose and monitor MS patients, clinically available MRI protocols show limited specificity for myelin detection, notably in cerebral grey matter areas. Ultrashort echo time (UTE) MRI has shown great promise for direct imaging of lipids and myelin sheaths, and thus holds potential to improve lesion detection. In this study, we used a sequence combining magnetization transfer (MT) with UTE ("UTE-MT", TE = 76 μs) and with short TE ("STE-MT", TE = 3000 μs) to evaluate spatial and temporal changes in brain myelin content in the cuprizone mouse model for MS on a clinical 7 T scanner. During demyelination, UTE-MT ratio (UTE-MTR) and STE-MT ratio (STE-MTR) values were significantly decreased in most white matter and grey matter regions. However, only UTE-MTR detected cortical changes. After remyelination in subcortical and cortical areas, UTE-MTR values remained lower than baseline values, indicating that UTE-MT, but not STE-MT, imaging detected long-lasting changes following a demyelinating event. Next, we evaluated the potential correlations between imaging values and underlying histopathological markers. The strongest correlation was observed between UTE-MTR and percent coverage of myelin basic protein (MBP) immunostaining (r2 = 0.71). A significant, although lower, correlation was observed between STE-MTR and MBP (r2 = 0.48), and no correlation was found between UTE-MTR or STE-MTR and gliosis immunostaining. Interestingly, correlations varied across brain substructures. Altogether, our results demonstrate that UTE-MTR values significantly correlate with myelin content as measured by histopathology, not only in white matter, but also in subcortical and cortical grey matter regions in the cuprizone mouse model for MS. Readily implemented on a clinical 7 T system, this approach thus holds great potential for detecting demyelinating/remyelinating events in both white and grey matter areas in humans. When applied to patients with neurological disorders, including MS patient populations, UTE-MT methods may improve the non-invasive longitudinal monitoring of brain lesions, not only during disease progression but also in response to next generation remyelinating therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Guglielmetti
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Bio-Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Tanguy Boucneau
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Annemie Van der Linden
- Bio-Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2000, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Myriam M Chaumeil
- Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Science, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, Berkeley and University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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8
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Wang N, Zhuang J, Wie H, Dibb R, Qi Y, Liu C. Probing demyelination and remyelination of the cuprizone mouse model using multimodality MRI. J Magn Reson Imaging 2019; 50:1852-1865. [PMID: 31012202 PMCID: PMC6810724 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.26758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various studies by MRI exhibit that the corpus callosum (CC) is the most vulnerable to cuprizone administration, detecting the demyelination and remyelination process using different MRI parameters are, however, lacking. PURPOSE To investigate the sensitivity of multiparametric MRI both in vivo and ex vivo for demyelination and remyelination. STUDY TYPE Prospective. ANIMAL MODEL A cuprizone mice model with an age-matched control group (n = 5), 4-week cuprizone exposure group followed by 9-week on a normal diet (n = 6), and a 13-week cuprizone exposure group (n = 6). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3D gradient recalled echo, T2 -weighted, and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) at 7.0T and 9.4T. ASSESSMENT Quantification of DTI metrics, quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), and T2 -weighted imaging intensity in major white matter bundles. STATISTICAL TESTS Nonparametric permutation tests were used with a cluster-forming threshold as 3.09 (equivalent to P = 0.001), and the significant level as P = 0.05 with family-wise correction. RESULTS In vivo susceptibility values increased from -11.7 to -0.7 ppb (P < 0.001) in CC and from -13.7 to -5.1 ppb (P < 0.001) in the anterior commissure (AC) after the 13-week cuprizone exposure. Ex vivo susceptibility values increased from -25.4 to 7.4 ppb (P < 0.001) in CC and from -41.6 to -15.8 ppb (P < 0.001) in AC. Susceptibility values showed high variations to demyelination for in vivo studies (94.0% in CC, 62.8% in AC). Susceptibility values exhibited higher variations than radial diffusivity for ex vivo studies (129.1% vs. 28.3% in CC, 62.0% vs. 25.0% in AC). In addition to the differential susceptibility variations in different white matter tracts, intraregional demyelination variation was also present not only in CC but also in the AC area by voxel-based analysis. DATA CONCLUSION QSM is sensitive to the demyelination process of cuprizone exposure, which can be a complementary technique to conventional T2 -weighted images and DTI metrics. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 Technical Efficacy Stage: 2 J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2019;50:1852-1865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian Wang
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jie Zhuang
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Hongjiang Wie
- Brain Imaging and Analysis Center, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Russell Dibb
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Yi Qi
- Center for In Vivo Microscopy, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Khodanovich M, Pishchelko A, Glazacheva V, Pan E, Akulov A, Svetlik M, Tyumentseva Y, Anan'ina T, Yarnykh V. Quantitative Imaging of White and Gray Matter Remyelination in the Cuprizone Demyelination Model Using the Macromolecular Proton Fraction. Cells 2019; 8:cells8101204. [PMID: 31590363 PMCID: PMC6830095 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Macromolecular proton fraction (MPF) has been established as a quantitative clinically-targeted MRI myelin biomarker based on recent demyelination studies. This study aimed to assess the capability of MPF to quantify remyelination using the murine cuprizone-induced reversible demyelination model. MPF was measured in vivo using the fast single-point method in three animal groups (control, cuprizone-induced demyelination, and remyelination after cuprizone withdrawal) and compared to quantitative immunohistochemistry for myelin basic protein (MBP), myelinating oligodendrocytes (CNP-positive cells), and oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPC, NG2-positive cells) in the corpus callosum, caudate putamen, hippocampus, and cortex. In the demyelination group, MPF, MBP-stained area, and oligodendrocyte count were significantly reduced, while OPC count was significantly increased as compared to both control and remyelination groups in all anatomic structures (p < 0.05). All variables were similar in the control and remyelination groups. MPF and MBP-stained area strongly correlated in each anatomic structure (Pearson’s correlation coefficients, r = 0.80–0.90, p < 0.001). MPF and MBP correlated positively with oligodendrocyte count (r = 0.70–0.84, p < 0.01 for MPF; r = 0.81–0.92, p < 0.001 for MBP) and negatively with OPC count (r = −0.69–−0.77, p < 0.01 for MPF; r = −0.72–−0.89, p < 0.01 for MBP). This study provides immunohistological validation of fast MPF mapping as a non-invasive tool for quantitative assessment of de- and remyelination in white and gray matter and indicates the feasibility of using MPF as a surrogate marker of reparative processes in demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Khodanovich
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Anna Pishchelko
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Valentina Glazacheva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Edgar Pan
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Andrey Akulov
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia.
| | - Mikhail Svetlik
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Yana Tyumentseva
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Tatyana Anan'ina
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
| | - Vasily Yarnykh
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Research Institute of Biology and Biophysics, Tomsk State University, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
- Department of Radiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.
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Zinnhardt B, Belloy M, Fricke IB, Orije J, Guglielmetti C, Hermann S, Wagner S, Schäfers M, Van der Linden A, Jacobs AH. Molecular Imaging of Immune Cell Dynamics During De- and Remyelination in the Cuprizone Model of Multiple Sclerosis by [ 18F]DPA-714 PET and MRI. Theranostics 2019; 9:1523-1537. [PMID: 31037121 PMCID: PMC6485187 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Activation and dysregulation of innate, adaptive and resident immune cells in response to damage determine the pathophysiology of demyelinating disorders. Among the plethora of involved cells, microglia/macrophages and astrocytes play an important role in the pathogenesis of demyelinating disorders. The in-depth investigation of the spatio-temporal profile of these cell types in vivo may inform about the exact disease state and localization as well as may allow to monitor therapeutic modulation of the components of the neuroinflammatory response during the course of multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we aimed to non-invasively decipher the degree and temporal profile of neuroinflammation (TSPO - [18F]DPA-714 PET) in relation to selected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) parameters (T2 maps) in the cuprizone (CPZ)-induced model of demyelination. Methods: C57Bl6 (n=30) mice were fed with a standard chow mixed with 0.2% (w/w) CPZ for 4 (n=10; demyelination) and 6 weeks (n=10; spontaneous remyelination). The degree of neuroinflammation at de- and remyelination was assessed by [18F]DPA-714 PET, multi-echo T2 MRI, autoradiography and immunohistochemistry. Results: CPZ-induced brain alterations were confirmed by increase of T2 relaxation times in both white and grey matter after 3 and 5 weeks of CPZ. Peak [18F]DPA-714 was found in the corpus callosum (CC, white matter), the hippocampus (HC, grey matter) and thalamus (grey matter) after 4 weeks of CPZ treatment and declined after 6 weeks of CPZ. Ex vivo autoradiography and dedicated immunofluorescence showed demyelination/remyelination with corresponding increased/decreased TSPO levels in the CC and hippocampus, confirming the spatial distribution of [18F]DPA-714 in vivo. The expression of TSPO microglia and astrocytes is time-dependent in this model. Microglia predominantly express TSPO at demyelination, while the majority of astrocytes express TSPO during remyelination. The combination of PET- and MRI-based imaging biomarkers demonstrated the regional and temporal development of the CPZ model-associated neuroinflammatory response in grey and white matter regions. Conclusions: The combination of [18F]DPA-714 PET and T2 mapping may allow to further elucidate the regional and temporal profile of inflammatory signals depending on the myelination status, although the underlying inflammatory microenvironment changes. A combination of the described imaging biomarkers may facilitate the development of patient-tailored strategies for immunomodulatory and neuro-restorative therapies in MS.
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11
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Petiet A, Adanyeguh I, Aigrot MS, Poirion E, Nait-Oumesmar B, Santin M, Stankoff B. Ultrahigh field imaging of myelin disease models: Toward specific markers of myelin integrity? J Comp Neurol 2019; 527:2179-2189. [PMID: 30520034 DOI: 10.1002/cne.24598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) markers of myelin are critical for the evaluation and development of regenerative therapies for demyelinating diseases. Several MRI methods have been developed for myelin imaging, based either on acquisition schemes or on mathematical modeling of the signal. They generally showed good sensitivity but validation for specificity toward myelin is still warranted to allow a reliable interpretation in an in vivo complex pathological environment. Experimental models of dys-/demyelination are characterized by various levels of myelin disorders, axonal damage, gliosis and inflammation, and offer the opportunity for powerful correlative studies between imaging metrics and histology. Here, we review how ultrahigh field MRI markers have been correlated with histology in these models and provide insights into the trends for future developments of MRI tools in human myelin diseases. To this end, we present the biophysical basis of the main MRI methods for myelin imaging based on T1 , T2 , water diffusion, and magnetization transfer signal, the characteristics of animal models used and the outcomes of histological validations. To date such studies are limited, and demonstrate partial correlations with immunohistochemical and electron microscopy measures of myelin. These MRI metrics also often correlate with axons, glial, or inflammatory cells in models where axonal degeneration or inflammation occur as potential confounding factors. Therefore, the MRI markers' specificity for myelin is still perfectible and future developments should improve mathematical modeling of the MR signal based on more complex systems or provide multimodal approaches to better disentangle the biological processes underlying the MRI metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Petiet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Center for Neuroimaging Research, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Isaac Adanyeguh
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Center for Neuroimaging Research, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Stéphane Aigrot
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Emilie Poirion
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Brahim Nait-Oumesmar
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Mathieu Santin
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Center for Neuroimaging Research, Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Stankoff
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Paris 06, Brain and Spine Institute, ICM, Hôpital de la Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,Department of Neurology, AP-HP, Saint-Antoine hospital, Paris, France
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Geeraert BL, Lebel RM, Mah AC, Deoni SC, Alsop DC, Varma G, Lebel C. A comparison of inhomogeneous magnetization transfer, myelin volume fraction, and diffusion tensor imaging measures in healthy children. Neuroimage 2018; 182:343-350. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2017.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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