1
|
Iglesias-Hernandez D, Chapman S, Radler K, Dowd H, Huey ED, Cosentino S, Louis ED. Baseline Infection Burden and Cognitive Function in Elders with Essential Tremor. Tremor Other Hyperkinet Mov (N Y) 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 34026322 PMCID: PMC8121006 DOI: 10.5334/tohm.624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with essential tremor (ET) have an increased risk of cognitive impairment, yet little is known about the predictors of cognitive decline in these patients. Exposures to infectious agents throughout the lifespan may impact the later development of cognitive impairment. For example, high Infection exposure has been associated with lower cognitive performance in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. However, this predictor has not been examined in ET. Objectives To determine whether a higher baseline infection burden is associated with worse cognitive performance at baseline and greater cognitive decline over time in an ET cohort. Method/Design 160 elderly non-demented ET participants (80.0 ± 9.5 years) underwent an extensive cognitive evaluation at three time points. At baseline, participants completed an infection burden questionnaire (t-IBQ) that elicited information on previous exposure to infectious agents and number of episodes per disease. Analysis of covariance and generalized estimated equations (GEEs) were used. Results Overall, infection burden was not associated baseline cognitive performance. Adjusted GEE models for repeated measures yielded a significant time interaction between moderate infection burden at baseline and better performance in the attention domain over time (p = 0.013). Previous history of rubella was associated with faster rate of decline in visuospatial performance (p = 0.046). Conclusion The data were mixed. Moderate self-reported infection burden was associated with better attention performance over time. Self-reported history of rubella infection was related to lower visuospatial performance over time in this cohort. Follow-up studies with additional design elements would be of value.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Chapman
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Keith Radler
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, US
| | - Hollie Dowd
- Movement Disorder Division, Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, US
| | - Edward D. Huey
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Department of Psychiatry, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Stephanie Cosentino
- Department of Neurology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
- Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, US
| | - Elan D. Louis
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, US
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yu ZY, Wang JH, Li WW, Wang YR, Mañucat-Tan NB, Wang J, Wang J, Cui GY, Pan JX, Zhang SX, Liu ZJ, Tan L, Liu YH. CSF Brain-Reactive Autoantibodies are Elevated in Patients with Viral Encephalitis. Neurosci Bull 2020; 36:942-946. [PMID: 32350799 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-020-00503-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Yuan Yu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Center for Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Jian-Hong Wang
- Department of Neurology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Wei-Wei Li
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Center for Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China.,Chengdu Military General Hospital, Chengdu, 610083, China
| | - Ye-Ran Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Center for Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Noralyn B Mañucat-Tan
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Center for Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China
| | - Ju Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Gao-Yu Cui
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jie-Xiang Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shui-Xian Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Zu-Juan Liu
- Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Liang Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Yu-Hui Liu
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Center for Neuroscience, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400042, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lucchese G, Flöel A, Stahl B. A Peptide Link Between Human Cytomegalovirus Infection, Neuronal Migration, and Psychosis. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:349. [PMID: 32457660 PMCID: PMC7225321 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alongside biological, psychological, and social risk factors, psychotic syndromes may be related to disturbances of neuronal migration. This highly complex process characterizes the developing brain of the fetus, the early postnatal brain, and the adult brain, as reflected by changes within the subventricular zone and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus, where neurogenesis persists throughout life. Psychosis also appears to be linked to human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection. However, little is known about the connection between psychosis, HCMV infection, and disruption of neuronal migration. The present study addresses the hypothesis that HCMV infection may lead to mental disorders through mechanisms of autoimmune cross-reactivity. Searching for common peptides that underlie immune cross-reactions, the analyses focus on HCMV and human proteins involved in neuronal migration. Results demonstrate a large overlap of viral peptides with human proteins associated with neuronal migration, such as ventral anterior homeobox 1 and cell adhesion molecule 1 implicated in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission. The present findings support the possibility of immune cross-reactivity between HCMV and human proteins that-when altered, mutated, or improperly functioning-may disrupt normal neuronal migration. In addition, these findings are consistent with a molecular and mechanistic framework for pathological sequences of events, beginning with HCMV infection, followed by immune activation, cross-reactivity, and neuronal protein variations that may ultimately contribute to the emergence of mental disorders, including psychosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Partner Site Rostock/Greifswald, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stahl
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Association of genes with phenotype in autism spectrum disorder. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:10742-10770. [PMID: 31744938 PMCID: PMC6914398 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a genetic heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impairments in social interaction and speech development and is accompanied by stereotypical behaviors such as body rocking, hand flapping, spinning objects, sniffing and restricted behaviors. The considerable significance of the genetics associated with autism has led to the identification of many risk genes for ASD used for the probing of ASD specificity and shared cognitive features over the past few decades. Identification of ASD risk genes helps to unravel various genetic variants and signaling pathways which are involved in ASD. This review highlights the role of ASD risk genes in gene transcription and translation regulation processes, as well as neuronal activity modulation, synaptic plasticity, disrupted key biological signaling pathways, and the novel candidate genes that play a significant role in the pathophysiology of ASD. The current emphasis on autism spectrum disorders has generated new opportunities in the field of neuroscience, and further advancements in the identification of different biomarkers, risk genes, and genetic pathways can help in the early diagnosis and development of new clinical and pharmacological treatments for ASD.
Collapse
|
5
|
Viruses and Autoimmunity: A Review on the Potential Interaction and Molecular Mechanisms. Viruses 2019; 11:v11080762. [PMID: 31430946 PMCID: PMC6723519 DOI: 10.3390/v11080762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
For a long time, viruses have been shown to modify the clinical picture of several autoimmune diseases, including type 1 diabetes (T1D), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), herpetic stromal keratitis (HSK), celiac disease (CD), and multiple sclerosis (MS). Best examples of viral infections that have been proposed to modulate the induction and development of autoimmune diseases are the infections with enteric viruses such as Coxsackie B virus (CVB) and rotavirus, as well as influenza A viruses (IAV), and herpesviruses. Other viruses that have been studied in this context include, measles, mumps, and rubella. Epidemiological studies in humans and experimental studies in animal have shown that viral infections can induce or protect from autoimmunopathologies depending on several factors including genetic background, host-elicited immune responses, type of virus strain, viral load, and the onset time of infection. Still, data delineating the clear mechanistic interaction between the virus and the immune system to induce autoreactivity are scarce. Available data indicate that viral-induced autoimmunity can be activated through multiple mechanisms including molecular mimicry, epitope spreading, bystander activation, and immortalization of infected B cells. Contrarily, the protective effects can be achieved via regulatory immune responses which lead to the suppression of autoimmune phenomena. Therefore, a better understanding of the immune-related molecular processes in virus-induced autoimmunity is warranted. Here we provide an overview of the current understanding of viral-induced autoimmunity and the mechanisms that are associated with this phenomenon.
Collapse
|
6
|
Lucchese G. Herpesviruses, autoimmunity and epilepsy: Peptide sharing and potential cross-reactivity with human synaptic proteins. Autoimmun Rev 2019; 18:102367. [PMID: 31404705 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2019.102367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aggregation of immuno-proteomic data reveals that i) herpesviruses and synaptic proteins -in particular Synapsin-1 and Bassoon - share a large number of hexapeptides that also recur in hundreds of epitopes experimentally validated as immunopositive in the human host, and ii) the shared peptides are also spread among human epilepsy-related proteins. The data indicate that cross-reactive processes may be associated with pathogenetic mechanisms in epilepsy, thus suggesting a role of autoimmunity in etiopathology of epilepsies after herpesvirus-infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- University of Greifswald, Department of Neurology, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch-Straße, Greifswald 17495, Germany; Goldsmiths, University of London, Department of Computing, Lewisham Way, New Cross, London SE14 6NW, United Kingdom.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lucchese G, Flöel A, Stahl B. Cross-Reactivity as a Mechanism Linking Infections to Stroke. Front Neurol 2019; 10:469. [PMID: 31156531 PMCID: PMC6528689 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The relevance of infections as risk factor for cerebrovascular disease is being increasingly recognized. Nonetheless, the pathogenic link between the two entities remains poorly understood. Consistent with recent advances in medicine, the present work addresses the hypothesis that infection-induced immune responses may affect human proteins associated with stroke. Applying established procedures in bioinformatics, the pathogen antigens and the human proteins were searched for common sequences using pentapeptides as probes. The resulting data demonstrate massive peptide sharing between infectious pathogens-such as Chlamydia pneumoniae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Tannerella forsythia, Haemophilus influenzae, Influenza A virus, and Cytomegalovirus-and human proteins related to risk of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Moreover, the shared peptides are also evident in a number of epitopes experimentally proven immunopositive in the human host. The present findings suggest cross-reactivity as a potential mechanistic link between infections and stroke.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guglielmo Lucchese
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Computing, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agnes Flöel
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin Stahl
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|