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Wang B, Zhang C, Shi C, Zhai T, Zhu J, Wei D, Shen J, Liu Z, Jia K, Zhao L. Mechanisms of oral microflora in Parkinson's disease. Behav Brain Res 2024; 474:115200. [PMID: 39134178 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.115200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disease with complex pathogenesis and no effective treatment. Recent studies have shown that dysbiosis of the oral microflora is closely related to the development of PD. The abnormally distributed oral microflora of PD patients cause degenerative damage and necrosis of dopamine neurons by releasing their own components and metabolites, intervening in the oral-gut-brain axis, crossing the biofilm, inducing iron dysregulation, activating inter-microflora interactions, and through the mediation of saliva,ultimately influencing the development of the disease. This article reviews the structure of oral microflora in patients with PD, the mechanism of development of PD caused by oral microflora, and the potential value of targeting oral microflora in developing a new strategy for PD prevention, diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Wang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Caizhen Shi
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianyu Zhai
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jinghui Zhu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dongmin Wei
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Shen
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zehao Liu
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kunpeng Jia
- Yan'an University Affiliated Hospital, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Lin Zhao
- Medical School of Yan'an University, Yan'an, Shaanxi, China.
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2
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Kieliszek M, Sapazhenkava K. The Promising Role of Selenium and Yeast in the Fight Against Protein Amyloidosis. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024:10.1007/s12011-024-04245-x. [PMID: 38829477 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to research on diseases related to the deposition of misfolded proteins (amyloids) in various organs. Moreover, modern scientists emphasise the importance of selenium as a bioelement necessary for the proper functioning of living organisms. The inorganic form of selenium-sodium selenite (redox-active)-can prevent the formation of an insoluble polymer in proteins. It is very important to undertake tasks aimed at understanding the mechanisms of action of this element in inhibiting the formation of various types of amyloid. Furthermore, yeast cells play an important role in this matter as a eukaryotic model organism, which is intensively used in molecular research on protein amyloidosis. Due to the lack of appropriate treatment in the general population, the problem of amyloidosis remains unsolved. This extracellular accumulation of amyloid is one of the main factors responsible for the occurrence of Alzheimer's disease. The review presented here contains scientific information discussing a brief description of the possibility of amyloid formation in cells and the use of selenium as a factor preventing the formation of these protein aggregates. Recent studies have shown that the yeast model can be successfully used as a eukaryotic organism in biotechnological research aimed at understanding the essence of the entire amyloidosis process. Understanding the mechanisms that regulate the reaction of yeast to selenium and the phenomenon of amyloidosis is important in the aetiology and pathogenesis of various disease states. Therefore, it is imperative to conduct further research and analysis aimed at explaining and confirming the role of selenium in the processes of protein misfolding disorders. The rest of the article discusses the characteristics of food protein amyloidosis and their use in the food industry. During such tests, their toxicity is checked because not all food proteins can produce amyloid that is toxic to cells. It should also be noted that a moderate diet is beneficial for the corresponding disease relief caused by amyloidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marek Kieliszek
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland.
| | - Katsiaryna Sapazhenkava
- Department of Food Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Food Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Nowoursynowska 159 C, Warsaw, 02-776, Poland
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3
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Sfera A, Imran H, Sfera DO, Anton JJ, Kozlakidis Z, Hazan S. Novel Insights into Psychosis and Antipsychotic Interventions: From Managing Symptoms to Improving Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5904. [PMID: 38892092 PMCID: PMC11173215 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25115904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
For the past 70 years, the dopamine hypothesis has been the key working model in schizophrenia. This has contributed to the development of numerous inhibitors of dopaminergic signaling and antipsychotic drugs, which led to rapid symptom resolution but only marginal outcome improvement. Over the past decades, there has been limited research on the quantifiable pathological changes in schizophrenia, including premature cellular/neuronal senescence, brain volume loss, the attenuation of gamma oscillations in electroencephalograms, and the oxidation of lipids in the plasma and mitochondrial membranes. We surmise that the aberrant activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by toxins derived from gut microbes or the environment drives premature cellular and neuronal senescence, a hallmark of schizophrenia. Early brain aging promotes secondary changes, including the impairment and loss of mitochondria, gray matter depletion, decreased gamma oscillations, and a compensatory metabolic shift to lactate and lactylation. The aim of this narrative review is twofold: (1) to summarize what is known about premature cellular/neuronal senescence in schizophrenia or schizophrenia-like disorders, and (2) to discuss novel strategies for improving long-term outcomes in severe mental illness with natural senotherapeutics, membrane lipid replacement, mitochondrial transplantation, microbial phenazines, novel antioxidant phenothiazines, inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase-3 beta, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adonis Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave., Patton, CA 92369, USA; (H.I.)
- University of California Riverside, Riverside 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Hassan Imran
- Patton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave., Patton, CA 92369, USA; (H.I.)
- University of California Riverside, Riverside 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Dan O. Sfera
- Patton State Hospital, 3102 Highland Ave., Patton, CA 92369, USA; (H.I.)
- University of California Riverside, Riverside 900 University Ave., Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Loma Linda University, 11139 Anderson St., Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | | | - Zisis Kozlakidis
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, 69372 Lyon, France;
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4
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Baimakanova GE, Samsonova M, Chernyaev AL, Kontorschikov AS, Belevskiy AS. [Clinical and morphological features of lung injury long-term after SARS-CoV-2 recovery]. TERAPEVT ARKH 2024; 96:218-227. [PMID: 38713035 DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2024.03.202647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the clinical and histological profile of lung tissue in patients with persistent pulmonary disease, respiratory symptoms and CT findings after SARS-CoV-2 infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 15 patients (7 females and 8 males) with a mean age of 57.7 years. All patients underwent laboratory tests, chest computed tomography, echocardiography, and pulmonary function tests. Pulmonary tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage samples were obtained by fibrobronchoscopy, transbronchial forceps (2 patients), and lung cryobiopsy (11 patients); open biopsy was performed in 2 patients. Cellular composition, herpesvirus DNA, SARS-CoV-2, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, galactomannan optical density index, and bacterial and fungal microflora growth were determined in bronchoalveolar lavage. SARS-CoV-2 was also identified in samples from the nasal mucosa, throat and feces using a polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The results showed no true pulmonary fibrosis in patients recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection with persistent respiratory symptoms, functional impairment, and CT findings after SARS-CoV-2 infection. The observed changes comply with the current and/or resolving infection and inflammatory process. CONCLUSION Thus, no true pulmonary fibrosis was found in patients after SARS-CoV-2 infection with persistent respiratory symptoms, functional impairment, and CT findings. The observed changes comply with the current and/or resolving infection and inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M Samsonova
- Loginov Moscow Clinical Scientific Center
- Research Institute of Pulmonology
| | - A L Chernyaev
- Research Institute of Pulmonology
- Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
| | | | - A S Belevskiy
- Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University
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5
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Dalziel JE, Zobel G, Dewhurst H, Hurst C, Olson T, Rodriguez-Sanchez R, Mace L, Parkar N, Thum C, Hannaford R, Fraser K, MacGibbon A, Bassett SA, Dekker J, Anderson RC, Young W. A Diet Enriched with Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus HN001 and Milk Fat Globule Membrane Alters the Gut Microbiota and Decreases Amygdala GABA a Receptor Expression in Stress-Sensitive Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10433. [PMID: 37445611 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain signalling pathways involved in subclinical anxiety and depressed mood can be modulated via the gut brain axis (GBA), providing the potential for diet and dietary components to affect mood. We investigated behavioural, physiological and gut microbiome responses to the Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain HN001 (LactoB HN001™), which has been shown to reduce postpartum anxiety and depression, and a milk fat globule membrane-enriched product, Lipid 70 (SurestartTM MFGM Lipid 70), which has been implicated in memory in stress-susceptible Wistar Kyoto rats. We examined behaviour in the open field, elevated plus maze and novel object recognition tests in conjunction with the expression of host genes in neuro-signalling pathways, and we also assessed brain lipidomics. Treatment-induced alterations in the caecal microbiome and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles were also assessed. Neither ingredient induced behavioural changes or altered the brain lipidome (separately or when combined). However, with regard to brain gene expression, the L. rhamnosus HN001 + Lipid 70 combination produced a synergistic effect, reducing GABAA subunit expression in the amygdala (Gabre, Gat3, Gabrg1) and hippocampus (Gabrd). Treatment with L. rhamnosus HN001 alone altered expression of the metabotropic glutamate receptor (Grm4) in the amygdala but produced only minor changes in gut microbiota composition. In contrast, Lipid 70 alone did not alter brain gene expression but produced a significant shift in the gut microbiota profile. Under the conditions used, there was no observed effect on rat behaviour for the ingredient combination. However, the enhancement of brain gene expression by L. rhamnosus HN001 + Lipid 70 implicates synergistic actions on region-specific neural pathways associated with fear, anxiety, depression and memory. A significant shift in the gut microbiota profile also occurred that was mainly attributable to Lipid 70.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie E Dalziel
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Gosia Zobel
- Ethical Agriculture, AgResearch, Hamilton 3240, New Zealand
| | - Hilary Dewhurst
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Charlotte Hurst
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Trent Olson
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Louise Mace
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Nabil Parkar
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Caroline Thum
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rina Hannaford
- Digital Agriculture, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Karl Fraser
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Alastair MacGibbon
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre Co., Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Shalome A Bassett
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre Co., Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - James Dekker
- Fonterra Research and Development Centre Co., Ltd., Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Rachel C Anderson
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Wayne Young
- Smart Foods & Bioproducts, AgResearch, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
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6
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D'Aquila P, Giacconi R, Malavolta M, Piacenza F, Bürkle A, Villanueva MM, Dollé MET, Jansen E, Grune T, Gonos ES, Franceschi C, Capri M, Grubeck-Loebenstein B, Sikora E, Toussaint O, Debacq-Chainiaux F, Hervonen A, Hurme M, Slagboom PE, Schön C, Bernhardt J, Breusing N, Passarino G, Provinciali M, Bellizzi D. Microbiome in Blood Samples From the General Population Recruited in the MARK-AGE Project: A Pilot Study. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:707515. [PMID: 34381434 PMCID: PMC8350766 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.707515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The presence of circulating microbiome in blood has been reported in both physiological and pathological conditions, although its origins, identities and function remain to be elucidated. This study aimed to investigate the presence of blood microbiome by quantitative real-time PCRs targeting the 16S rRNA gene. To our knowledge, this is the first study in which the circulating microbiome has been analyzed in such a large sample of individuals since the study was carried out on 1285 Randomly recruited Age-Stratified Individuals from the General population (RASIG). The samples came from several different European countries recruited within the EU Project MARK-AGE in which a series of clinical biochemical parameters were determined. The results obtained reveal an association between microbial DNA copy number and geographic origin. By contrast, no gender and age-related difference emerged, thus demonstrating the role of the environment in influencing the above levels independent of age and gender at least until the age of 75. In addition, a significant positive association was found with Free Fatty Acids (FFA) levels, leukocyte count, insulin, and glucose levels. Since these factors play an essential role in both health and disease conditions, their association with the extent of the blood microbiome leads us to consider the blood microbiome as a potential biomarker of human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Robertina Giacconi
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Alexander Bürkle
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - María Moreno Villanueva
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Department of Sport Science, Human Performance Research Centre, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Martijn E T Dollé
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Eugène Jansen
- Centre for Health Protection, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Tilman Grune
- Department of Molecular Toxicology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany.,NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research Berlin-Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Efstathios S Gonos
- National Hellenic Research Foundation, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, Athens, Greece
| | - Claudio Franceschi
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Institute of Information Technologies, Mathematics and Mechanics, Lobachevsky University, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia
| | - Miriam Capri
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, Alma Mater Studiorum, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy.,Interdepartmental Center, Alma Mater Research Institute on Global Challenges and Climate Change, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Ewa Sikora
- Laboratory of the Molecular Bases of Ageing, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Olivier Toussaint
- Research Unit of Cellular Biology (URBC) Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Florence Debacq-Chainiaux
- Research Unit of Cellular Biology (URBC) Namur Research Institute for Life Sciences (Narilis), University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | | | - Mikko Hurme
- Medical School, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - P Eline Slagboom
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Nicolle Breusing
- Department of Applied Nutritional Science/Dietetics, Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Giuseppe Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, IRCCS (Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare) INRCA National Institute on Health and Science on Ageing, Ancona, Italy
| | - Dina Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (DIBEST), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
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7
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Maccioni RB, Navarrete LP, González A, González-Canacer A, Guzmán-Martínez L, Cortés N. Inflammation: A Major Target for Compounds to Control Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2021; 76:1199-1213. [PMID: 32597798 DOI: 10.3233/jad-191014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Several hypotheses have been postulated to explain how Alzheimer's disease is triggered, but none of them provide a unified view of its pathogenesis. The dominant hypothesis based on build-ups of the amyloid-β peptide has been around for longer than three decades; however, up to today, numerous clinical trials based on the amyloid postulates have been attempted, but all of them have failed. Clearly, the revisited tau hypothesis provides a better explanation of the clinical observations of patients, but it needs to integrate the cumulative observations on the onset of this disease. In this context, the neuroimmuno modulation theory, based on the involvement of inflammatory events in the central nervous system, accounts for all these observations. In this review we intend to emphasize the idea that neuroinflammation is a main target for the search of new therapeutic strategies to control Alzheimer's disease. Beyond mono-targeting approaches using synthetic drugs that control only specific pathophysiological events, emerging therapeutics views based on multi targeting compounds appear to provide a new pathway for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo B Maccioni
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo P Navarrete
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Andrea González
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alejandra González-Canacer
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonardo Guzmán-Martínez
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicole Cortés
- Laboratory of Neuroscience and Functional Medicine, International Center for Biomedicine, Vitacura, Santiago, Chile, and Faculty of Sciences, University of Chile, Ñuñoa, Santiago, Chile
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8
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Olsen I. Porphyromonas Gingivalis May Seek the Alzheimer's Disease Brain to Acquire Iron from Its Surplus. J Alzheimers Dis Rep 2021; 5:79-86. [PMID: 33681719 PMCID: PMC7903007 DOI: 10.3233/adr-200272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Iron accumulates in the brain of subjects with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here it promotes the aggregation of amyloid-β plaques in which it is abundant. Iron induces amyloid-β neurotoxicity by damaging free radicals and causing oxidative stress in brain areas with neurodegeneration. It can also bind to tau in AD and enhance the toxicity of tau through co-localization with neurofibrillary tangles and induce accumulation of these tangles. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a key oral pathogen in the widespread biofilm-induced disease “chronic” periodontitis, and recently, has been suggested to have an important role in the pathogenesis of AD. P. gingivalis has an obligate requirement for iron. The current paper suggests that P. gingivalis seeks the AD brain, where it has been identified, to satisfy this need. If this is correct, iron chelators binding iron could have beneficial effects in the treatment of AD. Indeed, studies from both animal AD models and humans with AD have indicated that iron chelators, e.g., lactoferrin, can have such effects. Lactoferrin can also inhibit P. gingivalis growth and proteinases and its ability to form biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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9
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van Vuuren MJ, Nell TA, Carr JA, Kell DB, Pretorius E. Iron Dysregulation and Inflammagens Related to Oral and Gut Health Are Central to the Development of Parkinson's Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 11:E30. [PMID: 33383805 PMCID: PMC7823713 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuronal lesions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are commonly associated with α-synuclein (α-Syn)-induced cell damage that are present both in the central and peripheral nervous systems of patients, with the enteric nervous system also being especially vulnerable. Here, we bring together evidence that the development and presence of PD depends on specific sets of interlinking factors that include neuroinflammation, systemic inflammation, α-Syn-induced cell damage, vascular dysfunction, iron dysregulation, and gut and periodontal dysbiosis. We argue that there is significant evidence that bacterial inflammagens fuel this systemic inflammation, and might be central to the development of PD. We also discuss the processes whereby bacterial inflammagens may be involved in causing nucleation of proteins, including of α-Syn. Lastly, we review evidence that iron chelation, pre-and probiotics, as well as antibiotics and faecal transplant treatment might be valuable treatments in PD. A most important consideration, however, is that these therapeutic options need to be validated and tested in randomized controlled clinical trials. However, targeting underlying mechanisms of PD, including gut dysbiosis and iron toxicity, have potentially opened up possibilities of a wide variety of novel treatments, which may relieve the characteristic motor and nonmotor deficits of PD, and may even slow the progression and/or accompanying gut-related conditions of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthinus Janse van Vuuren
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
| | - Theodore Albertus Nell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
| | - Jonathan Ambrose Carr
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa
| | - Douglas B. Kell
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Building 220, Chemitorvet 200, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Etheresia Pretorius
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1 Matieland, Stellenbosch 7602, South Africa; (M.J.v.V.); (T.A.N.)
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10
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Olsen I, Singhrao SK. Low levels of salivary lactoferrin may affect oral dysbiosis and contribute to Alzheimer's disease: A hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2020; 146:110393. [PMID: 33229194 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2020.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recently it has been reported that reduced levels of salivary lactoferrin (LF) can be a plausible biomarker for amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains. This could mean that reduced levels of salivary LF act as a trigger for oral dysbiosis and that low LF levels could change the oral microbiota. A chemical change in the composition of saliva has not yet been considered as a cause for microbial dysbiosis but does present an opportunity to view oral dysbiosis as a plausible contributory factor in the development of AD pathophysiology. Oral dysbiosis has largely been reported as a result of inadequate oral hygiene and dry mouth in elderly subjects. Here we discuss if the deficiency of LF in saliva and gingival fluid of AD patients can facilitate proliferation of oral pathogens, and as a result their spread elsewhere in the body. Additionally, we ask if LF in the AD brain could be overexposed as a result of chronic infection. Together these outcomes will indicate if reduced levels of salivary LF can act as a trigger of oral dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingar Olsen
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Sim K Singhrao
- Brain and Behavior Centre, Faculty of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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11
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Velmurugan G, Dinakaran V, Rajendhran J, Swaminathan K. Blood Microbiota and Circulating Microbial Metabolites in Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease. Trends Endocrinol Metab 2020; 31:835-847. [PMID: 33086076 DOI: 10.1016/j.tem.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) have evolved as the leading cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition to traditional risk factors, recent studies have established that the human microbiota, particularly gut bacteria, plays a role in the development of diabetes and CVD. Although the presence of microbes in blood has been known for centuries, mounting evidence in this metagenomic era provides new insights into the role of the blood microbiota in the pathogenesis of non-infectious diseases such as diabetes and CVD. We highlight the origin and physiology of the blood microbiota and circulating microbial metabolites in relation to the etiology and progression of diabetes and CVD. We also discuss translational perspectives targeting the blood microbiota in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Velmurugan
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Vasudevan Dinakaran
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jeyaprakash Rajendhran
- Pathogenomics Laboratory, Department of Genetics, School of Biological Sciences, Madurai Kamaraj University, Madurai 625 021, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Krishnan Swaminathan
- Chemomicrobiomics Laboratory, KMCH Research Foundation, Kovai Medical Center and Hospital, Coimbatore 641 014, Tamil Nadu, India
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12
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D’Mello SR, Kindy MC. Overdosing on iron: Elevated iron and degenerative brain disorders. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:1444-1473. [PMID: 32878460 PMCID: PMC7553095 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220953065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Brain degenerative disorders, which include some neurodevelopmental disorders and age-associated diseases, cause debilitating neurological deficits and are generally fatal. A large body of emerging evidence indicates that iron accumulation in neurons within specific regions of the brain plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many of these disorders. Iron homeostasis is a highly complex and incompletely understood process involving a large number of regulatory molecules. Our review provides a description of what is known about how iron is obtained by the body and brain and how defects in the homeostatic processes could contribute to the development of brain diseases, focusing on Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease as well as four other disorders belonging to a class of inherited conditions referred to as neurodegeneration based on iron accumulation (NBIA) disorders. A description of potential therapeutic approaches being tested for each of these different disorders is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark C Kindy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- James A. Haley Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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13
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Ali AM, Kunugi H. Royal Jelly as an Intelligent Anti-Aging Agent-A Focus on Cognitive Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E937. [PMID: 33003559 PMCID: PMC7601550 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9100937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The astronomical increase of the world's aged population is associated with the increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, heightened disability, and extremely high costs of care. Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a widespread, age-related, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease that has enormous social and financial drawbacks worldwide. The unsatisfactory outcomes of available AD pharmacotherapy necessitate the search for alternative natural resources that can target various the underlying mechanisms of AD pathology and reduce disease occurrence and/or progression. Royal jelly (RJ) is the main food of bee queens; it contributes to their fertility, long lifespan, and memory performance. It represents a potent nutraceutical with various pharmacological properties, and has been used in a number of preclinical studies to target AD and age-related cognitive deterioration. To understand the mechanisms through which RJ affects cognitive performance both in natural aging and AD, we reviewed the literature, elaborating on the metabolic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms that mediate its anti-AD effects. Preclinical findings revealed that RJ acts as a multidomain cognitive enhancer that can restore cognitive performance in aged and AD models. It promotes brain cell survival and function by targeting multiple adversities in the neuronal microenvironment such as inflammation, oxidative stress, mitochondrial alterations, impaired proteostasis, amyloid-β toxicity, Ca excitotoxicity, and bioenergetic challenges. Human trials using RJ in AD are limited in quantity and quality. Here, the limitations of RJ-based treatment strategies are discussed, and directions for future studies examining the effect of RJ in cognitively impaired subjects are noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira Mohammed Ali
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing and Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21527, Egypt
| | - Hiroshi Kunugi
- Department of Mental Disorder Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo 187-0031, Japan;
- Department of Psychiatry, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 173-8605, Japan
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14
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Kubicova L, Hadacek F, Bachmann G, Weckwerth W, Chobot V. Coordination Complex Formation and Redox Properties of Kynurenic and Xanthurenic Acid Can Affect Brain Tissue Homeodynamics. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8100476. [PMID: 31614581 PMCID: PMC6826357 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8100476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known for their participation in various physiological and pathological processes in organisms, including ageing or degeneration. Kynurenine pathway metabolites, such as kynurenic (KYNA) or xanthurenic (XA) acid, can affect neurodegenerative diseases due to their ROS scavenging and Fe ion coordination complex formation but insights are still incomplete. Therefore, we investigated the formation and antioxidant capabilities of KYNA– and XA–Fe complexes by nano-electrospray−mass spectrometry, differential pulse voltammetry, deoxyribose degradation and FeII autoxidation assays. XA formed coordination complexes with FeII or FeIII ions and was an effective antioxidant. By contrast, only FeII–KYNA complexes could be detected. Moreover, KYNA showed no antioxidant effects in the FeCl3/ascorbic acid deoxyribose degradation assay variant and only negligible activities in the FeII autoxidation assay. Coordination complexes of Fe ions with KYNA probably stabilize KYNA in its keto tautomer form. Nevertheless, both KYNA and XA exhibited sufficient antioxidant activities in some of the employed assay variants. The results provide evidence that both have the potential to alleviate neurodegenerative diseases by helping to maintain tissue redox homeodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Kubicova
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Franz Hadacek
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller Institut, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Justus-von-Liebig-Weg 11, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Gert Bachmann
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Wolfram Weckwerth
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Vienna Metabolomics Center (VIME), University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, 1090 Vienna, Austria .
| | - Vladimir Chobot
- Division of Molecular Systems Biology, Department of Ecogenomics and Systems Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
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15
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Wang X, Zhang J, Zhou L, Xu B, Ren X, He K, Nie L, Li X, Liu J, Yang X, Yuan J. Long-term iron exposure causes widespread molecular alterations associated with memory impairment in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:242-252. [PMID: 31136779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Limited literature available indicates the neurotoxic effects of excessive iron, however, a deep understanding of iron neurotoxicity needs to be developed. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of excessive iron on learning and cognitive function in long-term iron exposure (oral, 10 mg/L, 6 months) of mice by behavioral tests including novel object recognition test, step-down passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, and further analyzed differential expression of hippocampal proteins. The behavioral tests consistently showed that iron treatment caused cognitive defects of the mice. Proteomic analysis revealed 66 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins (30 increased and 36 decreased) in iron-treated mice as compared with the control ones. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the dysregulated proteins mainly included: synapse-associated proteins (i.e. synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), complexin-1 (CPLX1), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), neurochondrin (NCDN)); mitochondria-related proteins (i.e. ADP/ATP translocase 1 (SLC25A4), 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta (YWHAZ)); cytoskeleton proteins (i.e. neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), tubulin beta-2B chain (TUBB2B), tubulin alpha-4A chain (TUBA4A)). The findings suggest that the dysregulations of synaptic, mitochondrial, and cytoskeletal proteins may be involved in iron-triggered memory impairment. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiafei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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