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Arjoonsingh A, Jamal BC, Ganti L. History and Evolution of the Electroencephalogram. Cureus 2024; 16:e66385. [PMID: 39246985 PMCID: PMC11379424 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.66385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 09/10/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper summarizes the history and evolution of the electroencephalogram (EEG). The EEG, used to record the electrical activity of the brain, is a pivotal tool in neuroscience and medicine. Its history and evolution reflect significant advancements in our understanding of brain function and our ability to diagnose and treat neurological conditions. This tool has revolutionized our understanding of the brain's electrical activity and is the cornerstone for the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy and related disorders. The evolution of the EEG from early experimental observations to sophisticated modern applications highlights the profound progress in our ability to monitor and interpret brain activity. The EEG remains an invaluable tool in clinical and research settings, continually evolving with technological advancements to expand our understanding of the human brain. This review traces the journey of this iconic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Latha Ganti
- Emergency Medicine & Neurology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, USA
- Research, Orlando College of Osteopathic Medicine, Winter Garden, USA
- Medical Science, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, USA
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2
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Armonaite K, Nobili L, Paulon L, Balsi M, Conti L, Tecchio F. Local neurodynamics as a signature of cortical areas: new insights from sleep. Cereb Cortex 2023; 33:3284-3292. [PMID: 35858209 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhac274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep crucial for the animal survival is accompanied by huge changes in neuronal electrical activity over time, the neurodynamics. Here, drawing on intracranial stereo-electroencephalographic (sEEG) recordings from the Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI), we analyzed local neurodynamics in the waking state at rest and during the N2, N3, and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep phases. Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD)-a measure of signal complexity-was studied as a feature of the local neurodynamics of the primary motor (M1), somatosensory (S1), and auditory (A1) cortices. The key working hypothesis, that the relationships between local neurodynamics preserve in all sleep phases despite the neurodynamics complexity reduces in sleep compared with wakefulness, was supported by the results. In fact, while HFD awake > REM > N2 > N3 (P < 0.001 consistently), HFD in M1 > S1 > A1 in awake and all sleep stages (P < 0.05 consistently). Also power spectral density was studied for consistency with previous investigations. Meaningfully, we found a local specificity of neurodynamics, well quantified by the fractal dimension, expressed in wakefulness and during sleep. We reinforce the idea that neurodynamic may become a new criterion for cortical parcellation, prospectively improving the understanding and ability of compensatory interventions for behavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Armonaite
- Faculty of Psychology, Uninettuno University, Corso V. Emanuele II, n. 39, 00186, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience (LET'S), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Palestro, n. 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lino Nobili
- Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Via Gerolamo Gaslini, n. 5, 16147, Genoa, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics and Maternal and Child Health (DINOGMI), University of Genoa, Largo Paolo Daneo, n. 3, 16132, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Paulon
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience (LET'S), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Palestro, n. 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Balsi
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics and Telecommunications, Sapienza University, Via Eudossiana, n. 18, 00184, Rome
| | - Livio Conti
- Faculty of Engineering, Uninettuno University, Corso V. Emanuele II, n. 39, 00186, Rome, Italy
- INFN - Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione Roma Tor Vergata, Via della Ricerca Scientifica, n.1, 00133, Rome, Italy
| | - Franca Tecchio
- Laboratory of Electrophysiology for Translational NeuroScience (LET'S), Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Palestro, n. 32, 00185, Rome, Italy
- Faculty of Psychology, Uninettuno University, Corso V. Emanuele II, n. 39, 00186, Rome, Italy
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3
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Ghosh M, Yang FC, Rice SP, Hetrick V, Gonzalez AL, Siu D, Brennan EKW, John TT, Ahrens AM, Ahmed OJ. Running speed and REM sleep control two distinct modes of rapid interhemispheric communication. Cell Rep 2022; 40:111028. [PMID: 35793619 PMCID: PMC9291430 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.111028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythmic gamma-band communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, using multisite recordings in both rats and mice, we show that even faster ~140 Hz rhythms are robustly anti-phase across cortical hemispheres, visually resembling splines, the interlocking teeth on mechanical gears. Splines are strongest in superficial granular retrosplenial cortex, a region important for spatial navigation and memory. Spline-frequency interhemispheric communication becomes more coherent and more precisely anti-phase at faster running speeds. Anti-phase splines also demarcate high-activity frames during REM sleep. While splines and associated neuronal spiking are anti-phase across retrosplenial hemispheres during navigation and REM sleep, gamma-rhythmic interhemispheric communication is precisely in-phase. Gamma and splines occur at distinct points of a theta cycle and thus highlight the ability of interhemispheric cortical communication to rapidly switch between in-phase (gamma) and anti-phase (spline) modes within individual theta cycles during both navigation and REM sleep. Gamma-rhythmic communication within and across cortical hemispheres is critical for optimal perception, navigation, and memory. Here, Ghosh et al. identify even faster ~140 Hz rhythms, named splines, that reflect anti-phase neuronal synchrony across hemispheres. The balance of anti-phase spline and in-phase gamma communication is dynamically controlled by behavior and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Ghosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Yang
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sharena P Rice
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Vaughn Hetrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Alcides Lorenzo Gonzalez
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Danny Siu
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ellen K W Brennan
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tibin T John
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Allison M Ahrens
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar J Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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4
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Tavano A, Maess B, Poeppel D, Schröger E. Neural entrainment via perceptual inferences. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:3277-3287. [PMID: 35193163 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Entrainment depends on sequential neural phase reset by regular stimulus onset, a temporal parameter. Entraining to sequences of identical stimuli also entails stimulus feature predictability, but this component is not readily separable from temporal regularity. To test if spectral regularities concur with temporal regularities in determining the strength of auditory entrainment, we devised sound sequences that varied in conditional perceptual inferences based on deviant sound repetition probability: Strong inference (100% repetition probability: If a deviant appears, then it will repeat), weak inference (75% repetition probability), no inference (50%: A deviant may or may not repeat with equal probability). We recorded EEG data from 15 young human participants pre-attentively listening to the experimental sound sequences delivered either isochronously or anisochronously ( ± 20 % jitter), at both delta (1.67 Hz) and theta (6.67 Hz) stimulation rates. Strong perceptual inferences significantly enhanced entrainment at either stimulation rate, and determined positive correlations between precision in phase distribution at the onset of deviant trials, and entrained power. We conclude that both spectral predictability and temporal regularity govern entrainment via neural phase control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tavano
- Department of Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Burkhard Maess
- MEG Unit, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - David Poeppel
- Department of Psychology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA.,Ernst Strüngmann Institute for Neuroscience, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Erich Schröger
- Wilhelm Wundt Institute for Psychology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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5
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Neuhaus E, Lowry SJ, Santhosh M, Kresse A, Edwards LA, Keller J, Libsack EJ, Kang VY, Naples A, Jack A, Jeste S, McPartland JC, Aylward E, Bernier R, Bookheimer S, Dapretto M, Van Horn JD, Pelphrey K, Webb SJ. Resting state EEG in youth with ASD: age, sex, and relation to phenotype. J Neurodev Disord 2021; 13:33. [PMID: 34517813 PMCID: PMC8439051 DOI: 10.1186/s11689-021-09390-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identification of ASD biomarkers is a key priority for understanding etiology, facilitating early diagnosis, monitoring developmental trajectories, and targeting treatment efforts. Efforts have included exploration of resting state encephalography (EEG), which has a variety of relevant neurodevelopmental correlates and can be collected with minimal burden. However, EEG biomarkers may not be equally valid across the autism spectrum, as ASD is strikingly heterogeneous and individual differences may moderate EEG-behavior associations. Biological sex is a particularly important potential moderator, as females with ASD appear to differ from males with ASD in important ways that may influence biomarker accuracy. METHODS We examined effects of biological sex, age, and ASD diagnosis on resting state EEG among a large, sex-balanced sample of youth with (N = 142, 43% female) and without (N = 138, 49% female) ASD collected across four research sites. Absolute power was extracted across five frequency bands and nine brain regions, and effects of sex, age, and diagnosis were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression models. Exploratory partial correlations were computed to examine EEG-behavior associations in ASD, with emphasis on possible sex differences in associations. RESULTS Decreased EEG power across multiple frequencies was associated with female sex and older age. Youth with ASD displayed decreased alpha power relative to peers without ASD, suggesting increased neural activation during rest. Associations between EEG and behavior varied by sex. Whereas power across various frequencies correlated with social skills, nonverbal IQ, and repetitive behavior for males with ASD, no such associations were observed for females with ASD. CONCLUSIONS Research using EEG as a possible ASD biomarker must consider individual differences among participants, as these features influence baseline EEG measures and moderate associations between EEG and important behavioral outcomes. Failure to consider factors such as biological sex in such research risks defining biomarkers that misrepresent females with ASD, hindering understanding of the neurobiology, development, and intervention response of this important population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Neuhaus
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, CURE-03, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Sarah J Lowry
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, CURE-03, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Megha Santhosh
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, CURE-03, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA
| | - Anna Kresse
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, USA
| | - Laura A Edwards
- School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Marcus Autism Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jack Keller
- Division of Developmental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, USA
| | - Erin J Libsack
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Veronica Y Kang
- Department of Special Education, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Adam Naples
- Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, USA
| | - Allison Jack
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Shafali Jeste
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | | | - Elizabeth Aylward
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, USA
| | - Raphael Bernier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Susan Bookheimer
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Mirella Dapretto
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles School of Medicine, Los Angeles, USA
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - John D Van Horn
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- School of Data Science, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Kevin Pelphrey
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
- Department of Neurology, Brain Institute and School of Education and Human Development, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Sara Jane Webb
- Center on Child Health, Behavior and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, 1920 Terry Ave, CURE-03, Seattle, WA, 98101, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
- Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
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Characteristic changes in EEG spectral powers of patients with opioid-use disorder as compared with those with methamphetamine- and alcohol-use disorders. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248794. [PMID: 34506492 PMCID: PMC8432824 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Electroencephalography (EEG) likely reflects activity of cortical neurocircuits, making it an insightful estimation for mental health in patients with substance use disorder (SUD). EEG signals are recorded as sinusoidal waves, containing spectral amplitudes across several frequency bands with high spatio-temporal resolution. Prior work on EEG signal analysis has been made mainly at individual electrodes. These signals can be evaluated from advanced aspects, including sub-regional and hemispheric analyses. Due to limitation of computational techniques, few studies in earlier work could conduct data analyses from these aspects. Therefore, EEG in patients with SUD is not fully understood. In the present retrospective study, spectral powers from a data house containing opioid (OUD), methamphetamine/stimulants (MUD), and alcohol use disorder (AUD) were extracted, and then converted into five distinct topographic data (i.e., electrode-based, cortical subregion-based, left-right hemispheric, anterior-posterior based, and total cortex-based analyses). We found that data conversion and reorganization in the topographic way had an impact on EEG spectral powers in patients with OUD significantly different from those with MUD or AUD. Differential changes were observed from multiple perspectives, including individual electrodes, subregions, hemispheres, anterior-posterior cortices, and across the cortex as a whole. Understanding the differential changes in EEG signals may be useful for future work with machine learning and artificial intelligence (AI), not only for diagnostic but also for prognostic purposes in patients with SUD.
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7
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EEG correlation during the solving of simple and complex logical-mathematical problems. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2020; 19:1036-1046. [PMID: 30790182 DOI: 10.3758/s13415-019-00703-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Solving logical-mathematical word problems is a complex task that requires numerous cognitive operations, including comprehension, reasoning, and calculation. These abilities have been associated with activation of the parietal, temporal, and prefrontal cortices. It has been suggested that the reasoning involved in solving logical-mathematical problems requires the coordinated functionality of all these cortical areas. In this study was evaluated the activation and electroencephalographic (EEG) correlation of the prefrontal, temporal, and parietal regions in young men while solving logical-mathematical word problems with two degrees of difficulty: simple and complex. During the solving of complex problems, higher absolute power and EEG correlation of the alpha and fast bands between the left frontal and parietal cortices were observed. A temporal deactivation and functional decoupling of the right parietal-temporal cortices also were obtained. Solving complex problems probably require activation of a left prefrontal-parietal circuit to maintain and manipulate multiple pieces of information. The temporal deactivation and decreased parietal-temporal correlation could be associated to text processing and suppression of the content-dependent reasoning to focus cognitive resources on the mathematical reasoning. Together, these findings support a pivotal role for the left prefrontal and parietal cortices in mathematical reasoning and of the temporal regions in text processing required to understand and solve written mathematical problems.
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8
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Livint Popa L, Dragos H, Pantelemon C, Verisezan Rosu O, Strilciuc S. The Role of Quantitative EEG in the Diagnosis of Neuropsychiatric Disorders. J Med Life 2020; 13:8-15. [PMID: 32341694 PMCID: PMC7175442 DOI: 10.25122/jml-2019-0085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quantitative electroencephalography (QEEG) is a modern type of electroencephalography (EEG) analysis that involves recording digital EEG signals which are processed, transformed, and analyzed using complex mathematical algorithms. QEEG has brought new techniques of EEG signals feature extraction: analysis of specific frequency band and signal complexity, analysis of connectivity, and network analysis. The clinical application of QEEG is extensive, including neuropsychiatric disorders, epilepsy, stroke, dementia, traumatic brain injury, mental health disorders, and many others. In this review, we talk through existing evidence on the practical applications of this clinical tool. We conclude that to date, the role of QEEG is not necessarily to pinpoint an immediate diagnosis but to provide additional insight in conjunction with other diagnostic evaluations in order to objective information necessary for obtaining a precise diagnosis, correct disease severity assessment, and specific treatment response evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Livint Popa
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Hanna Dragos
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cristina Pantelemon
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Olivia Verisezan Rosu
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Stefan Strilciuc
- "RoNeuro" Institute for Neurological Research and Diagnostic, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.,Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu "University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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Sheeran WM, Ahmed OJ. The neural circuitry supporting successful spatial navigation despite variable movement speeds. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 108:821-833. [PMID: 31760048 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ants who have successfully navigated the long distance between their foraging spot and their nest dozens of times will drastically overshoot their destination if the size of their legs is doubled by the addition of stilts. This observation reflects a navigational strategy called path integration, a strategy also utilized by mammals. Path integration necessitates that animals keep track of their movement speed and use it to precisely and instantly modify where they think they are and where they want to go. Here we review the neural circuitry that has evolved to integrate speed and space. We start with the rate and temporal codes for speed in the hippocampus and work backwards towards the motor and sensory systems. We highlight the need for experiments designed to differentiate the respective contributions of motor efference copy versus sensory inputs. In particular, we discuss the importance of high-resolution tracking of the latency of speed-encoding as a precise way to disentangle the sensory versus motor computations that enable successful spatial navigation at very different speeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M Sheeran
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Omar J Ahmed
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Kresge Hearing Research Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Michigan Center for Integrative Research in Critical Care, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.
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10
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Mashat MEM, Lin CT, Zhang D. Effects of Task Complexity on Motor Imagery-Based Brain-Computer Interface. IEEE Trans Neural Syst Rehabil Eng 2019; 27:2178-2185. [PMID: 31443036 DOI: 10.1109/tnsre.2019.2936987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The performance of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) still needs improvements for real world applications. An improvement on BCIs could be achieved by enhancing brain signals from the source via subject intention-based modulation. In this work, we aim to investigate the effects of task complexity on performance of motor imagery (MI) based BCIs. In specific, we studied the effects of motor imagery of a complex task versus a simple task on discriminability of brain activation patterns using EEG. The results show an increase of up to 7.25% in BCI classification accuracy for motor imagery of the complex task in comparison to the simple task. Furthermore, spectral power analysis in low frequency bands, alpha and beta, shows a significant decrease in power value for the complex task. However, high frequency gamma band analysis unveils a significant increase for the complex task. These findings may lead to designing better BCIs with high performance.
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11
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Parameshwaran D, Thiagarajan TC. Characterizing peaks in the EEG power spectrum. Biomed Phys Eng Express 2019. [DOI: 10.1088/2057-1976/ab29d0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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12
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Rault JL, Truong S, Hemsworth L, Le Chevoir M, Bauquier S, Lai A. Gentle abdominal stroking ('belly rubbing') of pigs by a human reduces EEG total power and increases EEG frequencies. Behav Brain Res 2019; 374:111892. [PMID: 30959126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The neurobiological response to gentle touch remains poorly understood, especially in the context of human-animal interaction. A novel approach allowed recording the pig electroencephalogram (EEG) cranially epidurally and wirelessly during positive interactions with a human. Stroking of the pig's abdomen ('belly rubbing'), applied opportunistically, elicited a distinct behavioral response characterized by lateral recumbency, limb stretching, frequent short-lasting grunts and eye closure. Pigs varied in their responsiveness to belly rubbing but all pigs showed it. Their EEG was compared to EEG during human presence and other positive interactions except belly rubbing; isolation; and in the home pen as a baseline. Total EEG power ('Ptot') was lower during belly rubbing, whereas the median frequency ('F50', 5.3 ± 0.9 Hz vs. 3.8 ± 0.9 Hz for other contexts) and the 95% spectral edge frequency ('F95', 45.2 ± 3.2 Hz vs. 40.0 ± 3.2 Hz for other contexts) were higher during belly rubbing compared to other contexts. Lower EEG total power combined with a shift in spectral power distribution toward higher frequencies were linked to behavioral changes indicative of a positive welfare state during belly rubbing. The effects of belly rubbing on animal psychobiology and well-being warrant further research as a model of positive welfare state induced by touch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Loup Rault
- Institute of Animal Welfare Science, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, A-1210, Austria.
| | - Suzanne Truong
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Lauren Hemsworth
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Matthias Le Chevoir
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Sebastien Bauquier
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - Alan Lai
- Department of Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, The University of Melbourne, Fitzroy, VIC, 3065, Australia
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13
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Muller L, Chavane F, Reynolds J, Sejnowski TJ. Cortical travelling waves: mechanisms and computational principles. Nat Rev Neurosci 2018; 19:255-268. [PMID: 29563572 DOI: 10.1038/nrn.2018.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multichannel recording technologies have revealed travelling waves of neural activity in multiple sensory, motor and cognitive systems. These waves can be spontaneously generated by recurrent circuits or evoked by external stimuli. They travel along brain networks at multiple scales, transiently modulating spiking and excitability as they pass. Here, we review recent experimental findings that have found evidence for travelling waves at single-area (mesoscopic) and whole-brain (macroscopic) scales. We place these findings in the context of the current theoretical understanding of wave generation and propagation in recurrent networks. During the large low-frequency rhythms of sleep or the relatively desynchronized state of the awake cortex, travelling waves may serve a variety of functions, from long-term memory consolidation to processing of dynamic visual stimuli. We explore new avenues for experimental and computational understanding of the role of spatiotemporal activity patterns in the cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lyle Muller
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Frédéric Chavane
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone (INT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) and Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - John Reynolds
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Terrence J Sejnowski
- Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Ma Y, Shi W, Peng CK, Yang AC. Nonlinear dynamical analysis of sleep electroencephalography using fractal and entropy approaches. Sleep Med Rev 2018; 37:85-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lemieux M, Laflamme OD, Thiry L, Boulanger-Piette A, Frenette J, Bretzner F. Motor hypertonia and lack of locomotor coordination in mutant mice lacking DSCAM. J Neurophysiol 2015; 115:1355-71. [PMID: 26683069 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00556.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome cell adherence molecule (DSCAM) contributes to the normal establishment and maintenance of neural circuits. Whereas there is abundant literature regarding the role of DSCAM in the neural patterning of the mammalian retina, less is known about motor circuits. Recently, DSCAM mutation has been shown to impair bilateral motor coordination during respiration, thus causing death at birth. DSCAM mutants that survive through adulthood display a lack of locomotor endurance and coordination in the rotarod test, thus suggesting that the DSCAM mutation impairs motor control. We investigated the motor and locomotor functions of DSCAM(2J) mutant mice through a combination of anatomical, kinematic, force, and electromyographic recordings. With respect to wild-type mice, DSCAM(2J) mice displayed a longer swing phase with a limb hyperflexion at the expense of a shorter stance phase during locomotion. Furthermore, electromyographic activity in the flexor and extensor muscles was increased and coactivated over 20% of the step cycle over a wide range of walking speeds. In contrast to wild-type mice, which used lateral walk and trot at walking speed, DSCAM(2J) mice used preferentially less coordinated gaits, such as out-of-phase walk and pace. The neuromuscular junction and the contractile properties of muscles, as well as their muscle spindles, were normal, and no signs of motor rigidity or spasticity were observed during passive limb movements. Our study demonstrates that the DSCAM mutation induces dystonic hypertonia and a disruption of locomotor gaits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Lemieux
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Olivier D Laflamme
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Louise Thiry
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Antoine Boulanger-Piette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada
| | - Jérôme Frenette
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Université Laval, Québec, Canada; and
| | - Frédéric Bretzner
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Québec-Centre Hospitalier de l'Université Laval (CHUL), Québec, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
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Cotic M, Chinvarun Y, del Campo M, Carlen PL, Bardakjian BL. Spatial Coherence Profiles of Ictal High-Frequency Oscillations Correspond to Those of Interictal Low-Frequency Oscillations in the ECoG of Epileptic Patients. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2014; 63:76-85. [PMID: 25561587 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2014.2386791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GOAL We have previously demonstrated that the coherence of high-frequency oscillations (HFOs; 80-300 Hz) increased during extratemporal lobe seizures in a consistent and spatially focused electrode cluster. In this study, we have investigated the relationship between cohered HFO intracranial EEG (iEEG) activity with that of slower low-frequency oscillations (LFOs; <80 Hz). METHODS We applied wavelet phase coherence analysis to the iEEGs of patients with intractable extratemporal lobe epilepsy (ETLE). RESULTS It was observed that areas on the implanted patient subdural grids, which exhibited strong ictal HFO coherence were similar to tissue regions displaying strong interictal LFO coherence in the 5-12 Hz frequency range, relative to all other electrodes. A positive surgical outcome was correlated with having the clinically marked seizure onset zone(s) in close proximity to HFO/LFO coherence highlighted regions of interest (ROIs). CONCLUSION Recent studies have suggested that LFOs (in the 8-12 Hz frequency range) play an important role in controlling cortical excitability, by exerting an inhibitory effect on cortical processing, and that the presence of strong theta activity (4-8 Hz) in awake adults is suggestive of abnormal and/or pathological activity. We speculate that the overlapping spatial regions exhibiting increased coherence in both ictal HFOs and interictal LFOs identified local abnormalities that underlie epileptogenic networks. SIGNIFICANCE Whereas it is worthwhile to note that the small patient group ( n = 7) studied here, somewhat limits the clinical significance of our study, the results presented here suggest targeting HFO activity in the 80-300 Hz frequency range and/or interictal LFO activity in the 5-12 Hz frequency range, when defining seizure-related ROIs in the iEEGs of patients with ETLE.
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Abstract
Olfactory system neural oscillations as seen in the local field potential have been studied for many decades. Recent research has shown that there is a functional role for the most studied gamma oscillations (40-100Hz in rats and mice, and 20Hz in insects), without which fine odor discrimination is poor. When these oscillations are increased artificially, fine discrimination is increased, and when rats learn difficult and highly overlapping odor discriminations, gamma is increased in power. Because of the depth of study on this oscillation, it is possible to point to specific changes in neural firing patterns as represented by the increase in gamma oscillation amplitude. However, we know far less about the mechanisms governing beta oscillations (15-30Hz in rats and mice), which are best associated with associative learning of responses to odor stimuli. These oscillations engage every part of the olfactory system that has so far been tested, plus the hippocampus, and the beta oscillation frequency band is the one that is most reliably coherent with other regions during odor processing. Respiratory oscillations overlapping with the theta frequency band (2-12Hz) are associated with odor sniffing and normal breathing in rats. They also show coupling in some circumstances between olfactory areas and rare coupling between the hippocampus and olfactory bulb. The latter occur in specific learning conditions in which coherence strength is negatively or positively correlated with performance, depending on the task. There is still much to learn about the role of neural oscillations in learning and memory, but techniques that have been brought to bear on gamma oscillations (current source density, computational modeling, slice physiology, behavioral studies) should deliver much needed knowledge of these events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leslie M Kay
- Department of Psychology, Institute for Mind and Biology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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