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Nahar M, Rai R, Jat D. Therapeutic intervention of vitamin B12 in mitigating chronic alcoholism induced alterations in adult zebrafish ( Danio rerio): a holistic in vivo approach. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-15. [PMID: 39207796 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2398564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic alcoholism refers to the unpleasant symptoms directly resulting from excessive drinking. Increased alcohol metabolites and an unbalanced oxidative state are likely to blame for the reported effects under these circumstances. According to preclinical and clinical research, vitamin B12 can act on several organ systems with demonstrated neuroprotective, antioxidant, and glutamate modulating properties. OBJECTIVE This research sought to examine the ameliorative effects of vitamin B12 (VtB12) in persistent alcohol (AlOH) exposed adult zebrafish with the help of following parameters like the anxiety related behavior test, Oxidative stress, and antioxidant assays, histological and immunofluorescence analysis. METHODS Zebrafish pretreated with 0.40% AlOH (v/v) for 120 min (+AlOH) or not (-AlOH), were exposed for 6 h to home tank water (-VtB12) or to 59 µg-VtB12/kg-fish food (+VtB12) to analyze anxiety behavior in the geotaxis (novel tank) test as well as the oxidative brain damage in the adult zebrafish. RESULTS Adult zebrafish exposed to chronic AlOH showed a decrease in the distance travelled, average and mobility speed, and increased the average frozen time, the explored area, and total no. of the site explored in the trapezoid tank. AlOH exposure also resulted in oxidative damage, enhanced lipid peroxidation, advanced oxidative protein products, decreased enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities, and enhanced reactive oxygen species generation. Additionally, VtB12 supplementation improved neurogenesis, evident in increased Nissl cell numbers and NeuN expression in the brain. CONCLUSION Chronic alcoholism may be effect on the brain cells as well as on the neuro-behavior of zebrafish. This research demonstrated that VtB12 shows promise as a neuroprotective agent against chronic alcoholism induced alterations in zebrafish's brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Nahar
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P, India
| | - Ravina Rai
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P, India
| | - Deepali Jat
- Neuroscience Research Laboratory, Department of Zoology, School of Biological Sciences, Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University, Sagar, M.P, India
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Motuziuk O, Nozdrenko D, Prylutska S, Vareniuk I, Cherepanov V, Bogutska K, Rudenko S, Prylutskyy Y, Piosik J, Ritter U. C 60 Fullerene Reduces the Level of Liver Damage in Chronic Alcohol Intoxication of Rats. Molecules 2024; 29:2951. [PMID: 38998903 PMCID: PMC11242988 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29132951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is the main organ responsible for the metabolism of ethanol, which suffers significantly as a result of tissue damage due to oxidative stress. It is known that C60 fullerenes are able to efficiently capture and inactivate reactive oxygen species in in vivo and in vitro systems. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to determine whether water-soluble C60 fullerene reduces the level of pathological process development in the liver of rats induced by chronic alcohol intoxication for 3, 6, and 9 months, depending on the daily dose (oral administration; 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/kg) of C60 fullerene throughout the experiment. In this context, the morphology of the C60 fullerene nanoparticles in aqueous solution was studied using atomic force microscopy. Such biochemical parameters of experimental animal blood as ALT (alanine aminotransferase), AST (aspartate aminotransferase), GGT (gamma-glutamyl transferase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) enzyme activities, CDT (carbohydrate-deficient transferrin) level, values of pro-antioxidant balance indicators (concentrations of H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide) and GSH (reduced glutathione), activities of CAT (catalase), SOD (superoxide dismutase) and GPx (selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase)), and pathohistological and morphometric features of liver damage were analyzed. The most significant positive change in the studied biochemical parameters (up to 29 ± 2% relative to the control), as markers of liver damage, was recorded at the combined administration of alcohol (40% ethanol in drinking water) and water-soluble C60 fullerenes in the optimal dose of 1 mg/kg, which was confirmed by small histopathological changes in the liver of rats. The obtained results prove the prospective use of C60 fullerenes as powerful antioxidants for the mitigation of pathological conditions of the liver arising under prolonged alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Motuziuk
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
- Faculty of Biology and Forestry, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Av. Voli 13, 43025 Lutsk, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Nozdrenko
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Prylutska
- Faculty of Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Ecology, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Str. Heroiv Oborony 13, 03041 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Igor Vareniuk
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | | | - Kateryna Bogutska
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Sergii Rudenko
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Prylutskyy
- ESC "Institute of Biology and Medicine", Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Str. Volodymyrska 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jacek Piosik
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, Str. Abrahama 58, 80-307 Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Str. Weimarer 23, 98693 Ilmenau, Germany
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Ganjayi MS, Brown AM, Baumann CW. Longitudinal assessment of strength and body composition in a mouse model of chronic alcohol-related myopathy. ALCOHOL, CLINICAL & EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 47:1653-1664. [PMID: 37431705 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive, chronic alcohol consumption can result in muscle atrophy and weakness (i.e., alcoholic myopathy) that impairs the quality of life. However, the precise mechanisms responsible for ethanol's detrimental impact on skeletal muscle have not been fully elucidated, in part due because the time course of disease development and progression are not well established. Therefore, we examined muscle strength and body composition longitudinally using an established preclinical mouse model of chronic alcoholic myopathy. METHODS To establish a time course of chronic alcoholic myopathy, we fed High Drinking in the Dark (HDID) female mice (n = 7) 20% ethanol for ~32 weeks (following a 2-week ethanol ramping period). We assessed in vivo isometric contractility of the left ankle dorsiflexor and lean mass via NMR every 4 weeks. Outcomes were compared with age-matched control HDID mice that did not consume ethanol (n = 8). RESULTS At study completion, mice who consumed ethanol were 12% weaker than control mice (p = 0.015). Compared to baseline, consuming ethanol resulted in an acute transient reduction in dorsiflexion torque at Week 4 (p = 0.032) that was followed by a second, more sustained reduction at Week 20 (p < 0.001). Changes in lean mass paralleled those of dorsiflexor torque, with ~40% of the variance in dorsiflexor torque being explained by the variance in lean mass of the ethanol group (p < 0.001). Dorsiflexor torque normalized to lean mass (mN·m/g lean mass) did not differ between the ethanol and control groups from Weeks 4 to 32 (p ≥ 0.498). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that reductions in muscle mass and strength due to chronic, excessive ethanol intake are dynamic, not necessarily linear, processes. Moreover, the findings confirm that ethanol-induced weakness is primarily driven by muscle atrophy (i.e., loss of muscle quantity). Future studies should consider how chronic alcoholic myopathy develops and progresses rather than identifying changes after it has been diagnosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muni Swamy Ganjayi
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Austin M Brown
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Honors Tutorial College, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
| | - Cory W Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI), Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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Motuziuk O, Nozdrenko D, Prylutska S, Vareniuk I, Bogutska K, Braniuk S, Korotkyi O, Prylutskyy Y, Ritter U, Piosik J. The effect of C 60 fullerene on the mechanokinetics of muscle gastrocnemius contraction in chronically alcoholized rats. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18745. [PMID: 37554800 PMCID: PMC10404780 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The C60 fullerene effect (oral administration at a dose of 1 mg kg-1) on the selected biomechanical parameters of muscle gastrocnemius contraction, biochemical indicators of blood and muscle tissue as well as histological changes in rat muscle tissue after chronic alcoholization for 3, 6 and 9 months was studied in detail. Water-soluble C60 fullerenes were shown to reduce the pathological processes development in the muscle apparatus by an average of (35-40)%. In particular, they reduced the time occurrence of fatigue processes in muscle during the long-term development of alcoholic myopathy and inhibited oxidative processes in muscle, thereby preventing its degradation. These findings open up the possibility of using C60 fullerenes as potent antioxidants for the correction of the pathological conditions of the muscle system arising from alcohol intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olexandr Motuziuk
- Faculty of Biology and Forestry, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, 43025, Ukraine
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Dmytro Nozdrenko
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Svitlana Prylutska
- Department of Physiology, Plant Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, Faculty of Plant Protection, Biotechnology and Ecology, National University of Life and Environmental Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 03041, Ukraine
| | - Igor Vareniuk
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Bogutska
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Serhii Braniuk
- Faculty of Biology and Forestry, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Lutsk, 43025, Ukraine
| | - Olexandr Korotkyi
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Yuriy Prylutskyy
- Department of Biophysics and Medical Informatics, ESC “Institute of Biology and Medicine”, Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, 01601, Ukraine
| | - Uwe Ritter
- Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Technical University of Ilmenau, Ilmenau, 98693, Germany
| | - Jacek Piosik
- Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk, 80-307, Gdańsk, Poland
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Strumila R, Lengvenyte A, Zdanavicius L, Badaras R, Dlugauskas E, Lesinskiene S, Matiekus E, Marcinkevicius M, Venceviciene L, Utkus A, Kaminskas A, Petrenas T, Songailiene J, Ambrozaityte L. Significantly elevated phosphatidylethanol levels in recent suicide attempters, but not in depressed controls and healthy volunteers. J Psychiatr Res 2023; 158:245-254. [PMID: 36608540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2022.12.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Suicide is a complex transdiagnostic phenomenon. It is strongly associated with, but not exclusive to major depressive disorder (MDD). Hazardous alcohol drinking has also been linked to an increased risk of suicidal behaviours, however, it is often underreported. The study aimed to evaluate whether an objective measure of chronic alcohol use, phosphatidylethanol (PEth) could be useful as a biomarker in clinical practice. METHOD ology. The present case-control multi-centric study recruited 156 participants into three study groups: 52 patients treated for major depressive disorder (MDD), 51 individuals immediately following a suicide attempt (SA), and 53 volunteers. Sociodemographic data, medical history, and laboratory data, including PEth concentrations and C-reactive protein levels, were collected from study participants. RESULTS PEth concentrations were the highest in suicide attempters (232,54 ± 394,01 ng/ml), followed by patients with MDD (58,39 ± 135,82 ng/ml), and the control group (24,45 ± 70,83 ng/ml) (Kruskall Wallis χ2 = 12.23, df = 2, p = .002). In a multinomial logistic regression model with adjustments, PEth concentration was able to predict belonging to suicide attempters' group, but not to depression group (p = .01). Suicide attempters were also more likely to underreport their recent alcohol consumption. LIMITATIONS We did not analyze SA methods, psychiatric comorbidity and several other factors that might be associated with PEth levels, such as body mass index, race, and haemoglobin levels. Sample recruited in hospital settings may not be representative of the whole population. The results of this adult-only study cannot be generalized to adolescents. CONCLUSIONS PEth levels in recent suicide attempters significantly exceeded those of patients with MDD and controls. Suicide attempters also were more likely to underreport their alcohol consumption when questioned about their consuption. PEth might be an interesting biomarker to evaluate individuals at risk of SA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robertas Strumila
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania.
| | - Aiste Lengvenyte
- Department of Urgent and Post Urgent Psychiatry, CHU Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Institute of Functional Genomics, CNRS, INSERM, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France; Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Linas Zdanavicius
- Centre for Toxicology, Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Robertas Badaras
- Centre for Toxicology, Clinic of Anaesthesiology, Reanimatology and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Edgaras Dlugauskas
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Sigita Lesinskiene
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | | | | | - Lina Venceviciene
- Centre for Family Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Algirdas Utkus
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Andrius Kaminskas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Tomas Petrenas
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Jurgita Songailiene
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Laima Ambrozaityte
- Department of Human and Medical Genetics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
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Ajayi AM, Melete J, Ben-Azu B, Umukoro S. Aggressive-like behaviour and neurocognitive impairment in alcohol herbal mixture-fed mice are associated with increased neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis in the prefrontal cortex. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23252. [PMID: 36281499 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-induced aggression and related violence is a serious and common social problem globally. Alcohol use is increasingly found in the form of alcoholic herbal mixtures (AHM) with indiscriminate and unregulated alcohol content. This study investigated the effects of AHM on aggressive-like, neurocognitive impairment and brain biochemical alteration in mice. Thirty-two male resident mice were paired housed with female mice for 21 days in four groups (n = 8). Resident mice were treated orally with normal saline, AHM, ethanol and AHM + ethanol daily for 14 days. Aggressive-like behaviour was scored based on the latency and frequency of attacks by the resident mouse on the intruder. Neurocognitive impairment was determined using the Y-maze test (YMT) and novel object recognition test (NORT). Acetylcholinesterase, glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), pro-inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters were determined in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). Neuronal morphology, cytochrome c (Cyt-c) and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-ĸB) expressions were determined. AHM and in combination with ethanol showed an increased index of aggression typified by frequency of attack and reduced latency to attack when compared to normal saline-treated animals. Co-administration of AHM and ethanol significantly reduced cognitive correct alternation (%) and discrimination index in the YMT and NORT, respectively. AHM and ethanol increased acetylcholinesterase, Pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress parameters while they reduced GAD. There were significantly reduced neuronal counts and increased expression of Cyt-c and NF-ĸB, respectively Alcoholic herbal mixture increased aggressiveness and caused neurocognitive impairment via increased oxido-inflammatory stress in the prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abayomi M Ajayi
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - John Melete
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Benneth Ben-Azu
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Delta State University, Abraka, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Umukoro
- Neuropharmacology Unit, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Roy SJ, Livernoche Leduc C, Paradis V, Cataford G, Potvin MJ. The negative influence of chronic alcohol abuse on acute cognitive recovery after a traumatic brain injury. Brain Inj 2022; 36:1340-1348. [PMID: 36317233 DOI: 10.1080/02699052.2022.2140197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cognitive recovery after a traumatic brain injury (TBI) may be negatively affected by a prior alcohol use disorder (AUD). This study aims to compare the cognitive recovery of patients who had comorbid TBI and AUD relative to TBI alone and investigate the influence of blood alcohol level (BAL) at hospital admission on this recovery. METHOD The sample consisted of 42 patients who had sustained a TBI (mild or moderate) and had an AUD diagnosis (TBI+AUD), and 42 patients who had sustained a TBI alone (TBI). The Brief Cognitive Exam in Traumatology (EXACT), designed to evaluate cognitive functions in the acute phase of TBI was administered (± 2 weeks post-injury). RESULTS After controlling for BAL at admission, the TBI+AUD group had a lower EXACT total score compared to the TBI group. The negative influence of age on the results was more pronounced in the TBI+AUD group. The number of intoxicated patients at admission was also higher in this group, although there was no correlation between BAL at admission and cognitive outcome. CONCLUSION The presence of an AUD diagnosis seems to exert a greater negative influence on cognitive recovery following a mild/moderate TBI than BAL at admission, especially in older patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Jade Roy
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | | | - Véronique Paradis
- Neurotraumatology program, Montreal Sacré-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Marie-Julie Potvin
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal, Canada.,Neurotraumatology program, Montreal Sacré-Coeur Hospital, CIUSSS du Nord-de-l'Île-de-Montréal, Canada
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Moser SE, Brown AM, Clark BC, Arnold WD, Baumann CW. Neuromuscular mechanisms of weakness in a mouse model of chronic alcoholic myopathy. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1636-1647. [PMID: 35869821 PMCID: PMC9804636 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weakness is a common clinical symptom reported in individuals with chronic alcohol use disorder. However, it remains unclear whether low strength in these individuals is directly related to excessive ethanol intake, other deleterious factors (lifestyle, environment, genetics, etc.), or a combination of both. Therefore, we examined whether (and how) ethanol reduces the muscle's force-producing capacity using a controlled in vivo preclinical mouse model of excessive ethanol intake. METHODS To establish whether chronic ethanol consumption causes weakness, C57BL/6 female mice consumed 20% ethanol for 40 weeks (following a 2-week ethanol ramping period), and various measures of muscular force were quantified. Functional measures included all-limb grip strength and in vivo contractility of the left ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Once confirmed that mice consuming ethanol were weaker than age-matched controls, we sought to determine the potential neuromuscular mechanisms of muscle dysfunction by assessing neuromuscular excitation, muscle quantity, and muscle quality. RESULTS Mice consuming chronic ethanol were 13 to 16% weaker (p ≤ 0.016) than controls (i.e., mice consuming 100% water) with the negative impact of ethanol on voluntary grip strength (ƞ2 = 0.603) being slightly larger than that of electrically stimulated muscle contractility (ƞ2 = 0.482). Relative to controls, lean mass and muscle wet masses were 9 to 16% lower in ethanol-consuming mice (p ≤ 0.048, ƞ2 ≥ 0.268). No significant changes were observed between groups for indices of neuromuscular excitation at the level of the motor unit, neuromuscular junction, or plasmalemma (p ≥ 0.259, ƞ2 ≤ 0.097), nor was muscle quality altered after 40 weeks of 20% ethanol consumption (p ≥ 0.695, ƞ2 ≤ 0.012). CONCLUSIONS Together, these findings establish that chronic ethanol consumption in mice induces a substantial weakness in vivo that we interpret to be primarily due to muscle atrophy (i.e., reduced muscle quantity) and possibly, to a lesser degree, loss of central neural drive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha E. Moser
- Honors Tutorial CollegeOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI)Ohio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Austin M. Brown
- Honors Tutorial CollegeOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA,Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI)Ohio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - Brian C. Clark
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI)Ohio UniversityAthensOhioUSA,Department of Biomedical SciencesOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
| | - W. David Arnold
- Department of NeurologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA,Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA,Department of NeuroscienceThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA,Department of Physiology and Cell BiologyThe Ohio State University Wexner Medical CenterColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Cory W. Baumann
- Ohio Musculoskeletal and Neurological Institute (OMNI)Ohio UniversityAthensOhioUSA,Department of Biomedical SciencesOhio UniversityAthensOhioUSA
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Pervin Z, Stephen JM. Effect of alcohol on the central nervous system to develop neurological disorder: pathophysiological and lifestyle modulation can be potential therapeutic options for alcohol-induced neurotoxication. AIMS Neurosci 2021; 8:390-413. [PMID: 34183988 PMCID: PMC8222771 DOI: 10.3934/neuroscience.2021021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The central nervous system (CNS) is the major target for adverse effects of alcohol and extensively promotes the development of a significant number of neurological diseases such as stroke, brain tumor, multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Excessive alcohol consumption causes severe neuro-immunological changes in the internal organs including irreversible brain injury and it also reacts with the defense mechanism of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) which in turn leads to changes in the configuration of the tight junction of endothelial cells and white matter thickness of the brain. Neuronal injury associated with malnutrition and oxidative stress-related BBB dysfunction may cause neuronal degeneration and demyelination in patients with alcohol use disorder (AUD); however, the underlying mechanism still remains unknown. To address this question, studies need to be performed on the contributing mechanisms of alcohol on pathological relationships of neurodegeneration that cause permanent neuronal damage. Moreover, alcohol-induced molecular changes of white matter with conduction disturbance in neurotransmission are a likely cause of myelin defect or axonal loss which correlates with cognitive dysfunctions in AUD. To extend our current knowledge in developing a neuroprotective environment, we need to explore the pathophysiology of ethanol (EtOH) metabolism and its effect on the CNS. Recent epidemiological studies and experimental animal research have revealed the association between excessive alcohol consumption and neurodegeneration. This review supports an interdisciplinary treatment protocol to protect the nervous system and to improve the cognitive outcomes of patients who suffer from alcohol-related neurodegeneration as well as clarify the pathological involvement of alcohol in causing other major neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zinia Pervin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Julia M Stephen
- The Mind Research Network and Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87106, USA
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Alvarez Cooper I, Beecher K, Chehrehasa F, Belmer A, Bartlett SE. Tumour Necrosis Factor in Neuroplasticity, Neurogenesis and Alcohol Use Disorder. Brain Plast 2020; 6:47-66. [PMID: 33680846 PMCID: PMC7903009 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-190095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder is a pervasive and detrimental condition that involves changes in neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Alcohol activates the neuroimmune system and alters the inflammatory status of the brain. Tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is a well characterised neuroimmune signal but its involvement in alcohol use disorder is unknown. In this review, we discuss the variable findings of TNF's effect on neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Acute ethanol exposure reduces TNF release while chronic alcohol intake generally increases TNF levels. Evidence suggests TNF potentiates excitatory transmission, promotes anxiety during alcohol withdrawal and is involved in drug use in rodents. An association between craving for alcohol and TNF is apparent during withdrawal in humans. While anti-inflammatory therapies show efficacy in reversing neurogenic deficit after alcohol exposure, there is no evidence for TNF's essential involvement in alcohol's effect on neurogenesis. Overall, defining TNF's role in alcohol use disorder is complicated by poor understanding of its variable effects on synaptic transmission and neurogenesis. While TNF may be of relevance during withdrawal, the neuroimmune system likely acts through a larger group of inflammatory cytokines to alter neuroplasticity and neurogenesis. Understanding the individual relevance of TNF in alcohol use disorder awaits a more comprehensive understanding of TNF's effects within the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignatius Alvarez Cooper
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kate Beecher
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Fatemeh Chehrehasa
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Arnauld Belmer
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Selena E. Bartlett
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
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11
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Kamal H, Tan GC, Ibrahim SF, Shaikh MF, Mohamed IN, Mohamed RMP, Hamid AA, Ugusman A, Kumar J. Alcohol Use Disorder, Neurodegeneration, Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease: Interplay Between Oxidative Stress, Neuroimmune Response and Excitotoxicity. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:282. [PMID: 33061892 PMCID: PMC7488355 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been associated with neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. Prolonged excessive alcohol intake contributes to increased production of reactive oxygen species that triggers neuroimmune response and cellular apoptosis and necrosis via lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial, protein or DNA damage. Long term binge alcohol consumption also upregulates glutamate receptors, glucocorticoids and reduces reuptake of glutamate in the central nervous system, resulting in glutamate excitotoxicity, and eventually mitochondrial injury and cell death. In this review, we delineate the following principles in alcohol-induced neurodegeneration: (1) alcohol-induced oxidative stress, (2) neuroimmune response toward increased oxidants and lipopolysaccharide, (3) glutamate excitotoxicity and cell injury, and (4) interplay between oxidative stress, neuroimmune response and excitotoxicity leading to neurodegeneration and (5) potential chronic alcohol intake-induced development of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haziq Kamal
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Geok Chin Tan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Siti Fatimah Ibrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd. Farooq Shaikh
- Neuropharmacology Research Laboratory, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Isa Naina Mohamed
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Rashidi M. Pakri Mohamed
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Adila A. Hamid
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Azizah Ugusman
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jaya Kumar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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12
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Cheng DT, Rice LC, McCaul ME, Rilee JJ, Faulkner ML, Sheu YS, Mathena JR, Desmond JE. Neural Substrates Underlying Eyeblink Classical Conditioning in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorders. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:620-631. [PMID: 31984510 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Excessive alcohol consumption produces changes in the brain that often lead to cognitive impairments. One fundamental form of learning, eyeblink classical conditioning (EBC), has been widely used to study the neurobiology of learning and memory. Participants with alcohol use disorders (AUD) have consistently shown a behavioral deficit in EBC. The present functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study is the first to examine brain function during conditioning in abstinent AUD participants and healthy participants. METHODS AUD participants met DSM-IV criteria for alcohol dependence, had at least a 10-year history of heavy drinking, and were abstinent from alcohol for at least 30 days. During fMRI, participants received auditory tones that predicted the occurrence of corneal airpuffs. Anticipatory eyeblink responses to these tones were monitored during the experiment to assess learning-related changes. RESULTS Behavioral results indicate that AUD participants showed significant conditioning deficits and that their history of lifetime drinks corresponded to these deficits. Despite this learning impairment, AUD participants showed hyperactivation in several key cerebellar structures (including lobule VI) during conditioning. For all participants, history of lifetime drinks corresponded with their lobule VI activity. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that excessive alcohol consumption is associated with abnormal cerebellar hyperactivation and conditioning impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic T Cheng
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Psychology, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama
| | - Laura C Rice
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mary E McCaul
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica J Rilee
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Monica L Faulkner
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yi-Shin Sheu
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Joanna R Mathena
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John E Desmond
- From the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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13
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Reale M, Costantini E, Jagarlapoodi S, Khan H, Belwal T, Cichelli A. Relationship of Wine Consumption with Alzheimer's Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:E206. [PMID: 31941117 PMCID: PMC7019227 DOI: 10.3390/nu12010206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most threatening neurodegenerative disease, is characterized by the loss of memory and language function, an unbalanced perception of space, and other cognitive and physical manifestations. The pathology of AD is characterized by neuronal loss and the extensive distribution of senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). The role of environment and the diet in AD is being actively studied, and nutrition is one of the main factors playing a prominent role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases. In this context, the relationship between dementia and wine use/abuse has received increased research interest, with varying and often conflicting results. Scope and Approach: With this review, we aimed to critically summarize the main relevant studies to clarify the relationship between wine drinking and AD, as well as how frequency and/or amount of drinking may influence the effects. Key Findings and Conclusions: Overall, based on the interpretation of various studies, no definitive results highlight if light to moderate alcohol drinking is detrimental to cognition and dementia, or if alcohol intake could reduce risk of developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcella Reale
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 65100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (S.J.); (A.C.)
| | - Erica Costantini
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 65100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (S.J.); (A.C.)
| | - Srinivas Jagarlapoodi
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 65100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (S.J.); (A.C.)
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Tarun Belwal
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
| | - Angelo Cichelli
- Dept. of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” Chieti-Pescara, 65100 Chieti, Italy; (E.C.); (S.J.); (A.C.)
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14
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Nunes PT, Kipp BT, Reitz NL, Savage LM. Aging with alcohol-related brain damage: Critical brain circuits associated with cognitive dysfunction. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF NEUROBIOLOGY 2019; 148:101-168. [PMID: 31733663 PMCID: PMC7372724 DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcoholism is associated with brain damage and impaired cognitive functioning. The relative contributions of different etiological factors, such as alcohol, thiamine deficiency and age vulnerability, to the development of alcohol-related neuropathology and cognitive impairment are still poorly understood. One reason for this quandary is that both alcohol toxicity and thiamine deficiency produce brain damage and cognitive problems that can be modulated by age at exposure, aging following alcohol toxicity or thiamine deficiency, and aging during chronic alcohol exposure. Pre-clinical models of alcohol-related brain damage (ARBD) have elucidated some of the contributions of ethanol toxicity and thiamine deficiency to neuroinflammation, neuronal loss and functional deficits. However, the critical variable of age at the time of exposure or long-term aging with ARBD has been relatively ignored. Acute thiamine deficiency created a massive increase in neuroimmune genes and proteins within the thalamus and significant increases within the hippocampus and frontal cortex. Chronic ethanol treatment throughout adulthood produced very minor fluctuations in neuroimmune genes, regardless of brain region. Intermittent "binge-type" ethanol during the adolescent period established an intermediate neuroinflammatory response in the hippocampus and frontal cortex, that can persist into adulthood. Chronic excessive drinking throughout adulthood, adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, and thiamine deficiency all led to a loss of the cholinergic neuronal phenotype within the basal forebrain, reduced hippocampal neurogenesis, and alterations in the frontal cortex. Only thiamine deficiency results in gross pathological lesions of the thalamus. The behavioral impairment following these types of treatments is hierarchical: Thiamine deficiency produces the greatest impairment of hippocampal- and prefrontal-dependent behaviors, chronic ethanol drinking ensues mild impairments on both types of tasks and adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure leads to impairments on frontocortical tasks, with sparing on most hippocampal-dependent tasks. However, our preliminary data suggest that as rodents age following adolescent intermittent ethanol exposure, hippocampal functional deficits began to emerge. A necessary requirement for the advancement of understanding the neural consequences of alcoholism is a more comprehensive assessment and understanding of how excessive alcohol drinking at different development periods (adolescence, early adulthood, middle-aged and aged) influences the trajectory of the aging process, including pathological aging and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Polliana Toledo Nunes
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Brian T Kipp
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Nicole L Reitz
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States
| | - Lisa M Savage
- Developmental Exposure Alcohol Research Center, Behavioral Neuroscience Program, Department of Psychology, Binghamton University, State University of New York, Binghamton, NY, United States.
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15
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Zhang K, Luo J. Role of MCP-1 and CCR2 in alcohol neurotoxicity. Pharmacol Res 2019; 139:360-366. [PMID: 30472461 PMCID: PMC6360095 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol abuse causes profound damage to both the developing brain and the adult brain. Prenatal exposure to alcohol results in a wide range of deficits known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD). Alcohol abuse in adults is associated with brain shrinkage, memory and attention deficits, communication disorders and physical disabilities. Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1/CCL2) is one of the key chemokines that regulate the recruitment and activation of monocytes and microglia. Both MCP-1 and its receptor C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) expressed in the brain are involved in various neuroinflammatory disorders, such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the role of MCP-1/CCR2 in alcohol-induced brain damage is unclear. Recent evidence indicates that alcohol exposure increased the activity of MCP-1/CCR2 in both mature and developing central nervous systems (CNS). MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in the brain was involved in alcohol drinking behavior. MCP-1/CCR2 inhibition alleviated alcohol neurotoxicity by reducing microglia activation/neuroinflammation in the developing brain and spinal cord. In this review, we discussed the role of MCP-1/CCR2 signaling in alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and brain damage. We also discussed the signaling cascades that are involved in the activation of MCP-1/CCR2 in response to alcohol exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Jia Luo
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA; Lexington VA Health Care System, Research & Development, 1101 Veterans Drive, Lexington, KY 40502, USA.
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16
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Erickson EK, Grantham EK, Warden AS, Harris RA. Neuroimmune signaling in alcohol use disorder. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 177:34-60. [PMID: 30590091 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a widespread disease with limited treatment options. Targeting the neuroimmune system is a new avenue for developing or repurposing effective pharmacotherapies. Alcohol modulates innate immune signaling in different cell types in the brain by altering gene expression and the molecular pathways that regulate neuroinflammation. Chronic alcohol abuse may cause an imbalance in neuroimmune function, resulting in prolonged perturbations in brain function. Likewise, manipulating the neuroimmune system may change alcohol-related behaviors. Psychiatric disorders that are comorbid with AUD, such as post-traumatic stress disorder, major depressive disorder, and other substance use disorders, may also have underlying neuroimmune mechanisms; current evidence suggests that convergent immune pathways may be involved in AUD and in these comorbid disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of major neuroimmune cell-types and pathways involved in mediating alcohol behaviors, discuss potential mechanisms of alcohol-induced neuroimmune activation, and present recent clinical evidence for candidate immune-related drugs to treat AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K Erickson
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA.
| | - Emily K Grantham
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
| | - R A Harris
- Waggoner Center for Alcohol and Addiction Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712-01095, USA
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17
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Hippocampal granule cell loss in human chronic alcohol abusers. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 120:63-75. [PMID: 30189262 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic alcohol abuse causes cognitive impairments associated with neurodegeneration and volume loss in the human hippocampus. Here, we hypothesize that alcohol reduces the number of granule cells in the human dentate gyrus and consequently contribute to the observed volume loss. Hippocampal samples were isolated from deceased donors with a history of chronic alcohol abuse and from controls with no alcohol overconsumption. From each case, a sample from the mid-portion of hippocampus was sectioned, immunostained for the neuronal nuclear marker NeuN, and counter stained with hematoxylin. Granule cell number and volume of granular cell layer in the dentate gyrus were estimated using stereology. We found a substantial reduction in granule cell number and also a significantly reduced volume of the granular cell layer of chronic alcohol abusers as compared to controls. In controls there was a slight age-related decline in the number of granule cells and volume of granular cell layer in line with previous studies. This was not observed among the alcoholics, possibly due to a larger impact of alcohol abuse than age on the degenerative changes in the dentate gyrus. Loss of neurons in the alcoholic group could either be explained by an increase of cell death or a reduced number of new cells added to the granular cell layer. However, there is no firm evidence for an increased neuronal death by chronic alcohol exposure, whereas a growing body of experimental data indicates that neurogenesis is impaired by alcohol. In a recent study, we reported that alcoholics show a reduced number of stem/progenitor cells and immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, hence that alcohol negatively affects hippocampal neurogenesis. The present results further suggest that such impairment of neurogenesis by chronic alcohol abuse also results in a net loss of granule cells in the dentate gyrus of hippocampus.
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18
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Kim HH, Choi SC, Chae MK, Min YG. Neuroprotective effect of ethanol in acute carbon monoxide intoxication: A retrospective study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2018; 97:e9569. [PMID: 29505539 PMCID: PMC5943126 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000009569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In acute carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication, treatment of neurologic injury and prevention of neurological sequelae are primary concerns. Ethanol is the one of the frequent substances which is co-ingested in intentional CO poisoning. Neuroprotective effect of ethanol was highlighted and demonstrated in isolated brain injury recently. We assessed the neuroprotective effect of ethanol in acute CO intoxication using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).We retrospectively reviewed medical records for patients who visited an emergency medical center of a university-affiliated hospital during a period of 73 months, from March 2009 to April 2015. Enrolled patients were divided into 2 groups, patients with or without abnormal brain lesion in brain MRI. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the factors associated with brain injury in MRI.A total of 109 patients with acute CO intoxication were evaluated of which 66 (60.55%) tested positive in brain MRI. MRI lesion-positive patients were more likely to have electrocardiogram change, elevation of serum troponin I and s100 protein level and lower serum ethanol level. Serum ethanol positivity was an independent factor for prevalence of brain injury in MRI in acute CO poisoning.This study revealed that ethanol which is co-ingested in acute CO intoxication may work the neuroprotective effect and could consequence more favorable neurological outcome in acute CO intoxication.
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