1
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Ates G, Taguchi T, Maher P. CMS121 Partially Attenuates Disease Progression in Mouse Models of Huntington's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024; 61:2165-2175. [PMID: 37864765 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03711-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
There are currently no drugs that meaningfully slow down the progression of Huntington's disease (HD). Moreover, drug candidates against a single molecular target have not had significant success. Therefore, a different approach to HD drug discovery is needed. Previously we showed that the flavonol fisetin is efficacious in mouse and fly models of HD (Hum. Mol. Gen. 20:261, 2011). It is also effective in animal models of Alzheimer's disease (AD), ischemic stroke, and the CNS complications of diabetes, all of which share some pathological features with HD. Potent derivatives of fisetin with improved pharmacology were made that maintain its multiple biological activities (J. Med. Chem. 55:378, 2012). From 160 synthetic fisetin derivatives, one, CMS121, was selected for further study in the context of HD based on pharmacological parameters and its efficacy in animal models of AD. Both R6/2 and YAC128 mouse models of HD were used in these studies. We examined motor function using multiple assays as well as survival. In the R6/2 mice, we also looked at the effects of CMS121 on striatal gene expression. In both models, we found a slowing of motor dysfunction and an increase in median life span. Interestingly, in the YAC128 mice, the effects on the slowing in motor function loss became increasingly more pronounced as the mice aged. CMS121 also reduced HD-driven changes in the expression of genes associated with the proteasome and oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, these results suggest that CMS121 could provide some benefits for HD patients, particularly with regard to increasing health span.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Ates
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Ixelles, Belgium
| | - Taketo Taguchi
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 N. Torrey Pines Rd, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA.
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2
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Scarian E, Viola C, Dragoni F, Di Gerlando R, Rizzo B, Diamanti L, Gagliardi S, Bordoni M, Pansarasa O. New Insights into Oxidative Stress and Inflammatory Response in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2698. [PMID: 38473944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress (OS) and inflammation are two important and well-studied pathological hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). Due to elevated oxygen consumption, the high presence of easily oxidizable polyunsaturated fatty acids and the weak antioxidant defenses, the brain is particularly vulnerable to oxidative injury. Uncertainty exists over whether these deficits contribute to the development of NDDs or are solely a consequence of neuronal degeneration. Furthermore, these two pathological hallmarks are linked, and it is known that OS can affect the inflammatory response. In this review, we will overview the last findings about these two pathways in the principal NDDs. Moreover, we will focus more in depth on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) to understand how anti-inflammatory and antioxidants drugs have been used for the treatment of this still incurable motor neuron (MN) disease. Finally, we will analyze the principal past and actual clinical trials and the future perspectives in the study of these two pathological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eveljn Scarian
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camilla Viola
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Francesca Dragoni
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Rosalinda Di Gerlando
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "L. Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata, 9, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Bartolo Rizzo
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Diamanti
- Neuroncology Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Stella Gagliardi
- Molecular Biology and Transcriptomics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Bordoni
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Orietta Pansarasa
- Cellular Models and Neuroepigenetics Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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3
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McGarry A, Hunter K, Gaughan J, Auinger P, Ferraro TN, Pradhan B, Ferrucci L, Egan JM, Moaddel R. An exploratory metabolomic comparison of participants with fast or absent functional progression from 2CARE, a randomized, double-blind clinical trial in Huntington's disease. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1101. [PMID: 38212353 PMCID: PMC10784537 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is increasingly recognized for diverse pathology outside of the nervous system. To describe the biology of HD in relation to functional progression, we previously analyzed the plasma and CSF metabolome in a cross-sectional study of participants who had various degrees of functional impairment. Here, we carried out an exploratory study in plasma from HD individuals over a 3-year time frame to assess whether differences exist between those with fast or absent clinical progression. There were more differences in circulating metabolite levels for fast progressors compared to absent progressors (111 vs 20, nominal p < 0.05). All metabolite changes in faster progressors were decreases, whereas some metabolite concentrations increased in absent progressors. Many of the metabolite levels that decreased in the fast progressors were higher at Screening compared to absent progressors but ended up lower by Year 3. Changes in faster progression suggest greater oxidative stress and inflammation (kynurenine, diacylglycerides, cysteine), disturbances in nitric oxide and urea metabolism (arginine, citrulline, ornithine, GABR), lower polyamines (putrescine and spermine), elevated glucose, and deficient AMPK signaling. Metabolomic differences between fast and absent progressors suggest the possibility of predicting functional decline in HD, and possibly delaying it with interventions to augment arginine, polyamines, and glucose regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew McGarry
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA.
| | - Krystal Hunter
- Department of Medicine, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - John Gaughan
- Department of Neurology, Cooper University Hospital and Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Peggy Auinger
- Department of Neurology, Center for Health and Technology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas N Ferraro
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Basant Pradhan
- Department of Psychiatry, Cooper Medical School at Rowan University, Camden, NJ, USA
| | - Luigi Ferrucci
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Josephine M Egan
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA
| | - Ruin Moaddel
- Biomedical Research Center, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, 21224, USA.
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4
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Mahmoodi P, Motavalizadehkakhky A, Darroudi M, Mehrzad J, Zhiani R. Green synthesis of zinc and nickel dual-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles: antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity effects. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2023; 46:1569-1578. [PMID: 37700115 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02920-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO2-NPs) and Zn-Ni dual-doped CeO2-NPs were synthesized through a green approach by the implication of zucchini peel (Cucurbita pepo) extract as a capping and reduction agent. All the synthesized samples were studied by the results of FTIR, UV-Vis, XRD, and FESEM/EDAX/PSA analyses. The Zn-Ni dual-doped CeO2-NPs contained a spherical morphology and their size was observed to increase at higher temperatures. The conducted MTT assay on the Huh-7 cell line displayed 50% of cells annihilation as a result of using undoped CeO2-NPs and Zn-Ni dual-doped CeO2-NPs at the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 700 and 185.4 μg/mL, respectively. We also evaluated the enzymatic functionality of SOD and CAT of undoped CeO2-NPs and dual-doped NPs and found it to be dose dependent. Moreover, Zn-Ni dual-doped CeO2-NPs intensified the CAT activity without causing any changes in SOD activity in similar concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pegah Mahmoodi
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Alireza Motavalizadehkakhky
- Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
- Advanced Research Center for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Nanomaterial, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Majid Darroudi
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| | - Jamshid Mehrzad
- Department of Biochemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
- Advanced Research Center for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Nanomaterial, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
| | - Rahele Zhiani
- Advanced Research Center for Chemistry, Biochemistry and Nanomaterial, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
- New Materials Technology and Processing Research Center, Department of Chemistry, Neyshabur Branch, Islamic Azad University, Neyshabur, Iran
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5
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Merino M, González S, Tronch MC, Sánchez-Sánchez AV, Clares MP, García-España A, García-España E, Mullor JL. Small Molecule Pytren-4QMn Metal Complex Slows down Huntington's Disease Progression in Male zQ175 Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15153. [PMID: 37894844 PMCID: PMC10607077 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurodegenerative disorder considered a rare disease with a prevalence of 5.7 per 100,000 people. It is caused by an autosomal dominant mutation consisting of expansions of trinucleotide repeats that translate into poly-glutamine enlarged mutant huntingtin proteins (mHTT), which are particularly deleterious in brain tissues. Since there is no cure for this progressive fatal disease, searches for new therapeutic approaches are much needed. The small molecule pytren-4QMn (4QMn), a highly water-soluble mimic of the enzyme superoxide dismutase, has shown in vivo beneficial anti-inflammatory activity in mice and was able to remove mHTT deposits in a C. elegans model of HD. In this study, we assessed 4QMn therapeutic potential in zQ175 neo-deleted knock-in mice, a model of HD that closely mimics the heterozygosity, genetic injury, and progressive nature of the human disease. We provide evidence that 4QMn has good acute and chronic tolerability, and can cross the blood-brain barrier, and in male, but not female, zQ175 mice moderately ameliorate HD-altered gene expression, mHtt aggregation, and HD disease phenotype. Our data highlight the importance of considering sex-specific differences when testing new therapies using animal models and postulate 4QMn as a potential novel type of small water-soluble metal complex that could be worth further investigating for its therapeutic potential in HD, as well as in other polyglutamine diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marián Merino
- Bionos Biotech SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Sonia González
- Bionos Biotech SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Mª Carmen Tronch
- Bionos Biotech SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Mª Paz Clares
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Enrique García-España
- Departamento de Química Orgánica e Inorgánica, Instituto de Ciencia Molecular, Universidad de Valencia, 46980 Valencia, Spain
| | - José L Mullor
- Bionos Biotech SL, Biopolo Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
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6
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Pradhan SS, R SS, Kanikaram SP, V M DD, Pargaonkar A, Dandamudi RB, Sivaramakrishnan V. Metabolic deregulation associated with aging modulates protein aggregation in the yeast model of Huntington's disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023:1-18. [PMID: 37732342 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2257322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease is associated with increased CAG repeat resulting in an expanded polyglutamine tract in the protein Huntingtin (HTT) leading to its aggregation resulting in neurodegeneration. Previous studies have shown that N-terminal HTT with 46Q aggregated in the stationary phase but not the logarithmic phase in the yeast model of HD. We carried out a metabolomic analysis of logarithmic and stationary phase yeast model of HD expressing different polyQ lengths attached to N-terminal HTT tagged with enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP). The results show significant changes in the metabolic profile and deregulated pathways in stationary phase cells compared to logarithmic phase cells. Comparison of metabolic pathways obtained from logarithmic phase 46Q versus 25Q with those obtained for presymptomatic HD patients from our previous study and drosophila model of HD showed considerable overlap. The arginine biosynthesis pathway emerged as one of the key pathways that is common in stationary phase yeast compared to logarithmic phase and HD patients. Treatment of yeast with arginine led to a significant decrease, while transfer to arginine drop-out media led to a significant increase in the size of protein aggregates in both logarithmic and stationary phase yeast model of HD. Knockout of arginine transporters in the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuole led to a significant decrease in mutant HTT aggregation. Overall our results highlight arginine as a critical metabolite that modulates the aggregation of mutant HTT and disease progression in HD.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Sanwid Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Swaroop R
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Sai Phalguna Kanikaram
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Datta Darshan V M
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India
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7
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Fan S, Nie L, Zhang Y, Ustyantseva E, Woudstra W, Kampinga HH, Schirhagl R. Diamond Quantum Sensing Revealing the Relation between Free Radicals and Huntington's Disease. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:1427-1436. [PMID: 37521781 PMCID: PMC10375573 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.3c00513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a well-studied yet rare disease caused by a specific mutation that results in the expression of polyglutamine (PolyQ). The formation of aggregates of PolyQ leads to disease and increases the level of free radicals. However, it is unclear where free radicals are generated and how they impact cells. To address this, a new method called relaxometry was used to perform nanoscale MRI measurements with a subcellular resolution. The method uses a defect in fluorescent nanodiamond (FND) that changes its optical properties based on its magnetic surroundings, allowing for sensitive detection of free radicals. To investigate if radical generation occurs near PolyQ aggregates, stable tetracycline (tet)-inducible HDQ119-EGFP-expressing human embryonic kidney cells (HEK PQ) were used to induce the PolyQ formation and Huntington aggregation. The study found that NDs are highly colocalized with PolyQ aggregates at autolysosomes, and as the amount of PolyQ aggregation increased, so did the production of free radicals, indicating a relationship between PolyQ aggregation and autolysosome dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Fan
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - L. Nie
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Y. Zhang
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - E. Ustyantseva
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - W. Woudstra
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - H. H. Kampinga
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R. Schirhagl
- University
Medical Center Groningen, Groningen University, Antonius Deusinglaan 1 9713AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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8
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Tripathi SJ, Chakraborty S, Miller E, Pieper AA, Paul BD. Hydrogen sulfide signalling in neurodegenerative diseases. Br J Pharmacol 2023:10.1111/bph.16170. [PMID: 37338307 PMCID: PMC10730776 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The gaseous neurotransmitter hydrogen sulfide (H2 S) exerts neuroprotective efficacy in the brain via post-translational modification of cysteine residues by sulfhydration, also known as persulfidation. This process is comparable in biological impact to phosphorylation and mediates a variety of signalling events. Unlike conventional neurotransmitters, H2 S cannot be stored in vesicles due to its gaseous nature. Instead, it is either locally synthesized or released from endogenous stores. Sulfhydration affords both specific and general neuroprotective effects and is critically diminished in several neurodegenerative disorders. Conversely, some forms of neurodegenerative disease are linked to excessive cellular H2 S. Here, we review the signalling roles of H2 S across the spectrum of neurodegenerative diseases, including Huntington's disease, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Down syndrome, traumatic brain injury, the ataxias, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as neurodegeneration generally associated with ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Jamuna Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suwarna Chakraborty
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emiko Miller
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andrew A Pieper
- Brain Health Medicines Center, Harrington Discovery Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Geriatric Psychiatry, GRECC, Louis Stokes Cleveland VA Medical Center; Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- School of Medicine, Institute for Transformative Molecular Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
- Translational Therapeutics Core, Cleveland Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Lieber Institute for Brain Development, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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9
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Tassone A, Meringolo M, Ponterio G, Bonsi P, Schirinzi T, Martella G. Mitochondrial Bioenergy in Neurodegenerative Disease: Huntington and Parkinson. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087221. [PMID: 37108382 PMCID: PMC10138549 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Strong evidence suggests a correlation between degeneration and mitochondrial deficiency. Typical cases of degeneration can be observed in physiological phenomena (i.e., ageing) as well as in neurological neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. All these pathologies have the dyshomeostasis of mitochondrial bioenergy as a common denominator. Neurodegenerative diseases show bioenergetic imbalances in their pathogenesis or progression. Huntington's chorea and Parkinson's disease are both neurodegenerative diseases, but while Huntington's disease is genetic and progressive with early manifestation and severe penetrance, Parkinson's disease is a pathology with multifactorial aspects. Indeed, there are different types of Parkinson/Parkinsonism. Many forms are early-onset diseases linked to gene mutations, while others could be idiopathic, appear in young adults, or be post-injury senescence conditions. Although Huntington's is defined as a hyperkinetic disorder, Parkinson's is a hypokinetic disorder. However, they both share a lot of similarities, such as neuronal excitability, the loss of striatal function, psychiatric comorbidity, etc. In this review, we will describe the start and development of both diseases in relation to mitochondrial dysfunction. These dysfunctions act on energy metabolism and reduce the vitality of neurons in many different brain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Tassone
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Meringolo
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Saint Camillus International University of Health and Medical Sciences, 00131 Rome, Italy
| | - Giulia Ponterio
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Bonsi
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - Tommaso Schirinzi
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Systems Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Martella
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology and Plasticity, IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy
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10
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Dai Y, Wang H, Lian A, Li J, Zhao G, Hu S, Li B. A comprehensive perspective of Huntington's disease and mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondrion 2023; 70:8-19. [PMID: 36906250 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease. It is caused by the expansion of the CAG trinucleotide repeat sequence in the HTT gene. HD mainly manifests as involuntary dance-like movements and severe mental disorders. As it progresses, patients lose the ability to speak, think, and even swallow. Although the pathogenesis is unclear, studies have found that mitochondrial dysfunctions occupy an important position in the pathogenesis of HD. Based on the latest research advances, this review sorts out and discusses the role of mitochondrial dysfunction on HD in terms of bioenergetics, abnormal autophagy, and abnormal mitochondrial membranes. This review provides researchers with a more complete perspective on the mechanisms underlying the relationship between mitochondrial dysregulation and HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghong Dai
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haonan Wang
- Department of Physical Education and Research, Central South University, 932 Lushan South Rd., Changsha, China
| | - Aojie Lian
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Jinchen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Guihu Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Shenghui Hu
- The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, China
| | - Bin Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics Disorders, Department of Geriatrics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.
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11
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Song S, Su Z, Kon N, Chu B, Li H, Jiang X, Luo J, Stockwell BR, Gu W. ALOX5-mediated ferroptosis acts as a distinct cell death pathway upon oxidative stress in Huntington's disease. Genes Dev 2023; 37:204-217. [PMID: 36921996 PMCID: PMC10111862 DOI: 10.1101/gad.350211.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
Although it is well established that Huntington's disease (HD) is mainly caused by polyglutamine-expanded mutant huntingtin (mHTT), the molecular mechanism of mHTT-mediated actions is not fully understood. Here, we showed that expression of the N-terminal fragment containing the expanded polyglutamine (HTTQ94) of mHTT is able to promote both the ACSL4-dependent and the ACSL4-independent ferroptosis. Surprisingly, inactivation of the ACSL4-dependent ferroptosis fails to show any effect on the life span of Huntington's disease mice. Moreover, by using RNAi-mediated screening, we identified ALOX5 as a major factor required for the ACSL4-independent ferroptosis induced by HTTQ94. Although ALOX5 is not required for the ferroptotic responses triggered by common ferroptosis inducers such as erastin, loss of ALOX5 expression abolishes HTTQ94-mediated ferroptosis upon reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced stress. Interestingly, ALOX5 is also required for HTTQ94-mediated ferroptosis in neuronal cells upon high levels of glutamate. Mechanistically, HTTQ94 activates ALOX5-mediated ferroptosis by stabilizing FLAP, an essential cofactor of ALOX5-mediated lipoxygenase activity. Notably, inactivation of the Alox5 gene abrogates the ferroptosis activity in the striatal neurons from the HD mice; more importantly, loss of ALOX5 significantly ameliorates the pathological phenotypes and extends the life spans of these HD mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ALOX5 is critical for mHTT-mediated ferroptosis and suggest that ALOX5 is a potential new target for Huntington's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujuan Song
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhenyi Su
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Ning Kon
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Bo Chu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Huan Li
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA
| | - Xuejun Jiang
- Cell Biology Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jianyuan Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Brent R Stockwell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
| | - Wei Gu
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York 10032, USA;
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12
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D’Egidio F, Castelli V, Cimini A, d’Angelo M. Cell Rearrangement and Oxidant/Antioxidant Imbalance in Huntington's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:571. [PMID: 36978821 PMCID: PMC10045781 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's Disease (HD) is a hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by the expansion of a CAG triplet repeat in the HTT gene, resulting in the production of an aberrant huntingtin (Htt) protein. The mutant protein accumulation is responsible for neuronal dysfunction and cell death. This is due to the involvement of oxidative damage, excitotoxicity, inflammation, and mitochondrial impairment. Neurons naturally adapt to bioenergetic alteration and oxidative stress in physiological conditions. However, this dynamic system is compromised when a neurodegenerative disorder occurs, resulting in changes in metabolism, alteration in calcium signaling, and impaired substrates transport. Thus, the aim of this review is to provide an overview of the cell's answer to the stress induced by HD, focusing on the role of oxidative stress and its balance with the antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michele d’Angelo
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
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13
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Rahmani H, Moloudi MR, Hashemi P, Hassanzadeh K, Izadpanah E. Alpha-Pinene Alleviates Motor Activity in Animal Model of Huntington's Disease via Enhancing Antioxidant Capacity. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1775-1782. [PMID: 36689085 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-023-03860-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a progressive, neurodegenerative, and inherited disease. Antioxidants have been shown to be effective in slowing disease progression in animal models of HD and are under investigation in human clinical trials. α-pinene, a member of the monoterpene class, has been shown to exert antioxidant activity. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of α-pinene on animal model of HD. Thirty-two male Wistar rats received 3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NP) for induction of the disease model or treated with α-pinene + 3-NP in different groups. Motor skill, and biochemical evaluations to detect oxidant/antioxidant markers in rat cortex and striatum were performed in all groups. We found that α-pinene significantly improved 3-NP-induced changes in the body weight, rotarod activity, time taken to cross the narrow beam, and locomotor activity. Biochemical analysis revealed that α-pinene significantly decreased the 3NP-induced elevation in oxidant markers, nitrite, and malondialdehyde in both cortex and striatum. In addition, α-pinene counteracted the 3-NP-induced fall in antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione in the cortex and striatum. In conclusion, we found that α-pinene prevented the motor dysfunction induced by 3-NP in the animal model of Huntington's disease. Oxidants-antioxidant balance might be involved in the protective effect of α-pinene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helia Rahmani
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.,Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Raman Moloudi
- Neurosciences Research Center, research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Paria Hashemi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran
| | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran. .,Fondazione Pisana per la Scienza, Pisa, Italy.
| | - Esmael Izadpanah
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Pasdaran Avenue, Sanandaj, Kurdistan Province, Iran.
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14
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Kim H, Gomez-Pastor R. HSF1 and Its Role in Huntington's Disease Pathology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1410:35-95. [PMID: 36396925 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2022_742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) is the master transcriptional regulator of the heat shock response (HSR) in mammalian cells and is a critical element in maintaining protein homeostasis. HSF1 functions at the center of many physiological processes like embryogenesis, metabolism, immune response, aging, cancer, and neurodegeneration. However, the mechanisms that allow HSF1 to control these different biological and pathophysiological processes are not fully understood. This review focuses on Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disease characterized by severe protein aggregation of the huntingtin (HTT) protein. The aggregation of HTT, in turn, leads to a halt in the function of HSF1. Understanding the pathways that regulate HSF1 in different contexts like HD may hold the key to understanding the pathomechanisms underlying other proteinopathies. We provide the most current information on HSF1 structure, function, and regulation, emphasizing HD, and discussing its potential as a biological target for therapy. DATA SOURCES We performed PubMed search to find established and recent reports in HSF1, heat shock proteins (Hsp), HD, Hsp inhibitors, HSF1 activators, and HSF1 in aging, inflammation, cancer, brain development, mitochondria, synaptic plasticity, polyglutamine (polyQ) diseases, and HD. STUDY SELECTIONS Research and review articles that described the mechanisms of action of HSF1 were selected based on terms used in PubMed search. RESULTS HSF1 plays a crucial role in the progression of HD and other protein-misfolding related neurodegenerative diseases. Different animal models of HD, as well as postmortem brains of patients with HD, reveal a connection between the levels of HSF1 and HSF1 dysfunction to mutant HTT (mHTT)-induced toxicity and protein aggregation, dysregulation of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and disruption of the structural and functional integrity of synaptic connections, which eventually leads to neuronal loss. These features are shared with other neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). Currently, several inhibitors against negative regulators of HSF1, as well as HSF1 activators, are developed and hold promise to prevent neurodegeneration in HD and other NDs. CONCLUSION Understanding the role of HSF1 during protein aggregation and neurodegeneration in HD may help to develop therapeutic strategies that could be effective across different NDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyuck Kim
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Rocio Gomez-Pastor
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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15
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Pradhan SS, Thota SM, Rajaratnam S, Bhagavatham SKS, Pulukool SK, Rathnakumar S, Phalguna KS, Dandamudi RB, Pargaonkar A, Joseph P, Joshy EV, Sivaramakrishnan V. Integrated multi-omics analysis of Huntington disease identifies pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Dis Model Mech 2022; 15:dmm049492. [PMID: 36052548 PMCID: PMC10655815 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative disease associated with polyglutamine expansion in the protein huntingtin (HTT). Although the length of the polyglutamine repeat correlates with age at disease onset and severity, psychological, cognitive and behavioral complications point to the existence of disease modifiers. Mitochondrial dysfunction and metabolic deregulation are both associated with the HD but, despite multi-omics characterization of patients and model systems, their mechanisms have remained elusive. Systems analysis of multi-omics data and its validation by using a yeast model could help to elucidate pathways that modulate protein aggregation. Metabolomics analysis of HD patients and of a yeast model of HD was, therefore, carried out. Our analysis showed a considerable overlap of deregulated metabolic pathways. Further, the multi-omics analysis showed deregulated pathways common in human, mice and yeast model systems, and those that are unique to them. The deregulated pathways include metabolic pathways of various amino acids, glutathione metabolism, longevity, autophagy and mitophagy. The addition of certain metabolites as well as gene knockouts targeting the deregulated metabolic and autophagy pathways in the yeast model system showed that these pathways do modulate protein aggregation. Taken together, our results showed that the modulation of deregulated pathways influences protein aggregation in HD, and has implications for progression and prognosis. This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai S. Pradhan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai M. Thota
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Saiswaroop Rajaratnam
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sai K. S. Bhagavatham
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sujith K. Pulukool
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Sriram Rathnakumar
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Kanikaram S. Phalguna
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
| | - Rajesh B. Dandamudi
- Department of Chemistry, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh 515 134, India
| | - Ashish Pargaonkar
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - Prasanth Joseph
- Application Division, Agilent Technologies Ltd., Bengaluru 560048, India
| | - E. V. Joshy
- Department of Neurology, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Medical Sciences, Whitefield, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560066, India
| | - Venketesh Sivaramakrishnan
- Disease Biology Lab, Department of Biosciences, Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning, Prasanthi Nilayam, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India515134
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16
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An opinion on the debatable function of brain resident immune protein, T-cell receptor beta subunit in the central nervous system. IBRO Neurosci Rep 2022; 13:235-242. [PMID: 36590097 PMCID: PMC9795316 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibneur.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years scientific research has established that the nervous and immune systems have shared molecular signaling components. Proteins native to immune cells, which are also found in the brain, have neuronal functions in the nervous system where they affect synaptic plasticity, axonal regeneration, neurogenesis, and neurotransmission. Certain native immune molecules like major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I), paired immunoglobulin receptor B (PirB), toll-like receptor (TLR), cluster of differentiation-3 zeta (CD3ζ), CD4 co-receptor, and T-cell receptor beta (TCR-β) expression in neurons have been extensively documented. In this review, we provide our opinion and discussed the possible roles of T-cell receptor beta subunits in modulating the function of neurons in the central nervous system. Based on the previous findings of Syken and Shatz., 2003; Nishiyori et al., 2004; Rodriguez et., 1993 and Komal et., 2014; we discuss whether restrictive expression of TCR-β subunits in selected brain regions could be involved in the pathology of neurological disorders and whether their aberrant enhancement in expression may be considered as a suitable biomarker for aging or neurodegenerative diseases like Huntington's disease (HD).
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17
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Tripathi R, Gupta R, Sahu M, Srivastava D, Das A, Ambasta RK, Kumar P. Free radical biology in neurological manifestations: mechanisms to therapeutics interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:62160-62207. [PMID: 34617231 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16693-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advancements and growing attention about free radicals (ROS) and redox signaling enable the scientific fraternity to consider their involvement in the pathophysiology of inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and neurological defects. Free radicals increase the concentration of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in the biological system through different endogenous sources and thus increased the overall oxidative stress. An increase in oxidative stress causes cell death through different signaling mechanisms such as mitochondrial impairment, cell-cycle arrest, DNA damage response, inflammation, negative regulation of protein, and lipid peroxidation. Thus, an appropriate balance between free radicals and antioxidants becomes crucial to maintain physiological function. Since the 1brain requires high oxygen for its functioning, it is highly vulnerable to free radical generation and enhanced ROS in the brain adversely affects axonal regeneration and synaptic plasticity, which results in neuronal cell death. In addition, increased ROS in the brain alters various signaling pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, inflammation and microglial activation, DNA damage response, and cell-cycle arrest, leading to memory and learning defects. Mounting evidence suggests the potential involvement of micro-RNAs, circular-RNAs, natural and dietary compounds, synthetic inhibitors, and heat-shock proteins as therapeutic agents to combat neurological diseases. Herein, we explain the mechanism of free radical generation and its role in mitochondrial, protein, and lipid peroxidation biology. Further, we discuss the negative role of free radicals in synaptic plasticity and axonal regeneration through the modulation of various signaling molecules and also in the involvement of free radicals in various neurological diseases and their potential therapeutic approaches. The primary cause of free radical generation is drug overdosing, industrial air pollution, toxic heavy metals, ionizing radiation, smoking, alcohol, pesticides, and ultraviolet radiation. Excessive generation of free radicals inside the cell R1Q1 increases reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, which causes oxidative damage. An increase in oxidative damage alters different cellular pathways and processes such as mitochondrial impairment, DNA damage response, cell cycle arrest, and inflammatory response, leading to pathogenesis and progression of neurodegenerative disease other neurological defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Tripathi
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rohan Gupta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Mehar Sahu
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Devesh Srivastava
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Ankita Das
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Rashmi K Ambasta
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India
| | - Pravir Kumar
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Delhi Technological University (Formerly Delhi College of Engineering), Delhi, India.
- , Delhi, India.
- Molecular Neuroscience and Functional Genomics Laboratory, Shahbad Daulatpur, Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India.
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18
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Prasuhn J, Kunert L, Brüggemann N. Neuroimaging Methods to Map In Vivo Changes of OXPHOS and Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137263. [PMID: 35806267 PMCID: PMC9266616 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a pathophysiological hallmark of most neurodegenerative diseases. Several clinical trials targeting mitochondrial dysfunction have been performed with conflicting results. Reliable biomarkers of mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo are thus needed to optimize future clinical trial designs. This narrative review highlights various neuroimaging methods to probe mitochondrial dysfunction. We provide a general overview of the current biological understanding of mitochondrial dysfunction in degenerative brain disorders and how distinct neuroimaging methods can be employed to map disease-related changes. The reviewed methodological spectrum includes positron emission tomography, magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and near-infrared spectroscopy imaging, and how these methods can be applied to study alterations in oxidative phosphorylation and oxidative stress. We highlight the advantages and shortcomings of the different neuroimaging methods and discuss the necessary steps to use these for future research. This review stresses the importance of neuroimaging methods to gain deepened insights into mitochondrial dysfunction in vivo, its role as a critical disease mechanism in neurodegenerative diseases, the applicability for patient stratification in interventional trials, and the quantification of individual treatment responses. The in vivo assessment of mitochondrial dysfunction is a crucial prerequisite for providing individualized treatments for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannik Prasuhn
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (J.P.); (L.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Liesa Kunert
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (J.P.); (L.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany; (J.P.); (L.K.)
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig Holstein, Campus Lübeck, 23538 Lübeck, Germany
- Center for Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-451-500-43420; Fax: +49-451-500-43424
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19
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Paul BD. Cysteine metabolism and hydrogen sulfide signaling in Huntington's disease. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 186:93-98. [PMID: 35550919 PMCID: PMC10066926 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The semi-essential amino acid, cysteine, plays important roles in both essential cellular processes as well as in modulation of signaling cascades. Cysteine is obtained both from the diet as well as generated endogenously via the transsulfuration pathway. Cysteine is further utilized in protein synthesis and biosynthesis of various sulfur containing molecules. One of the products of cysteine catabolism, hydrogen sulfide (H2S), is a gaseous signaling molecule, which regulates a multitude of cellular processes. Cysteine metabolism is dysregulated in several neurodegenerative diseases and during aging. This minireview focuses on aberrant cysteine and H2S metabolism in Huntington's disease, a neurodegenerative disease caused by expansion of polyglutamine encoding repeats in the gene huntingtin, which leads to motor and cognitive deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Manjari S, Maity S, Poornima R, Yau SY, Vaishali K, Stellwagen D, Komal P. Restorative action of vitamin D3 on motor dysfunction through enhancement of neurotrophins and antioxidant expression in the striatum. Neuroscience 2022; 492:67-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.03.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Goswami R, Bello AI, Bean J, Costanzo KM, Omer B, Cornelio-Parra D, Odah R, Ahluwalia A, Allan SK, Nguyen N, Shores T, Aziz NA, Mohan RD. The Molecular Basis of Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 7. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:818757. [PMID: 35401096 PMCID: PMC8987156 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.818757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia (SCA) type 7 (SCA7) is caused by a CAG trinucleotide repeat expansion in the ataxin 7 (ATXN7) gene, which results in polyglutamine expansion at the amino terminus of the ATXN7 protein. Although ATXN7 is expressed widely, the best characterized symptoms of SCA7 are remarkably tissue specific, including blindness and degeneration of the brain and spinal cord. While it is well established that ATXN7 functions as a subunit of the Spt Ada Gcn5 acetyltransferase (SAGA) chromatin modifying complex, the mechanisms underlying SCA7 remain elusive. Here, we review the symptoms of SCA7 and examine functions of ATXN7 that may provide further insights into its pathogenesis. We also examine phenotypes associated with polyglutamine expanded ATXN7 that are not considered symptoms of SCA7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rituparna Goswami
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Abudu I. Bello
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Joe Bean
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Kara M. Costanzo
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Bwaar Omer
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Dayanne Cornelio-Parra
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Revan Odah
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Amit Ahluwalia
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Shefaa K. Allan
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Nghi Nguyen
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - Taylor Shores
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
| | - N. Ahmad Aziz
- Population Health Sciences, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
| | - Ryan D. Mohan
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Systems, School of Science and Engineering, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, United States
- *Correspondence: Ryan D. Mohan,
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22
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Ashok A, Andrabi SS, Mansoor S, Kuang Y, Kwon BK, Labhasetwar V. Antioxidant Therapy in Oxidative Stress-Induced Neurodegenerative Diseases: Role of Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery Systems in Clinical Translation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020408. [PMID: 35204290 PMCID: PMC8869281 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Free radicals are formed as a part of normal metabolic activities but are neutralized by the endogenous antioxidants present in cells/tissue, thus maintaining the redox balance. This redox balance is disrupted in certain neuropathophysiological conditions, causing oxidative stress, which is implicated in several progressive neurodegenerative diseases. Following neuronal injury, secondary injury progression is also caused by excessive production of free radicals. Highly reactive free radicals, mainly the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), damage the cell membrane, proteins, and DNA, which triggers a self-propagating inflammatory cascade of degenerative events. Dysfunctional mitochondria under oxidative stress conditions are considered a key mediator in progressive neurodegeneration. Exogenous delivery of antioxidants holds promise to alleviate oxidative stress to regain the redox balance. In this regard, natural and synthetic antioxidants have been evaluated. Despite promising results in preclinical studies, clinical translation of antioxidants as a therapy to treat neurodegenerative diseases remains elusive. The issues could be their low bioavailability, instability, limited transport to the target tissue, and/or poor antioxidant capacity, requiring repeated and high dosing, which cannot be administered to humans because of dose-limiting toxicity. Our laboratory is investigating nanoparticle-mediated delivery of antioxidant enzymes to address some of the above issues. Apart from being endogenous, the main advantage of antioxidant enzymes is their catalytic mechanism of action; hence, they are significantly more effective at lower doses in detoxifying the deleterious effects of free radicals than nonenzymatic antioxidants. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the potential of antioxidant therapy, challenges in their clinical translation, and the role nanoparticles/drug delivery systems could play in addressing these challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anushruti Ashok
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Syed Suhail Andrabi
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Saffar Mansoor
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Youzhi Kuang
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada;
| | - Vinod Labhasetwar
- Biomedical Engineering, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA; (A.A.); (S.S.A.); (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Correspondence:
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CNS Redox Homeostasis and Dysfunction in Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020405. [PMID: 35204286 PMCID: PMC8869494 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A single paragraph of about 200 words maximum. Neurodegenerative diseases (ND), such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, pose a global challenge in the aging population due to the lack of treatments for their cure. Despite various disease-specific clinical symptoms, ND have some fundamental common pathological mechanisms involving oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. The present review focuses on the major causes of central nervous system (CNS) redox homeostasis imbalance comprising mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Mitochondrial disturbances, leading to reduced mitochondrial function and elevated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, are thought to be a major contributor to the pathogenesis of ND. ER dysfunction has been implicated in ND in which protein misfolding evidently causes ER stress. The consequences of ER stress ranges from an increase in ROS production to altered calcium efflux and proinflammatory signaling in glial cells. Both pathological pathways have links to ferroptotic cell death, which has been implicated to play an important role in ND. Pharmacological targeting of these pathological pathways may help alleviate or slow down neurodegeneration.
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Kim C, Yousefian-Jazi A, Choi SH, Chang I, Lee J, Ryu H. Non-Cell Autonomous and Epigenetic Mechanisms of Huntington's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12499. [PMID: 34830381 PMCID: PMC8617801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of CAG trinucleotide repeat located in the exon 1 of Huntingtin (HTT) gene in human chromosome 4. The HTT protein is ubiquitously expressed in the brain. Specifically, mutant HTT (mHTT) protein-mediated toxicity leads to a dramatic degeneration of the striatum among many regions of the brain. HD symptoms exhibit a major involuntary movement followed by cognitive and psychiatric dysfunctions. In this review, we address the conventional role of wild type HTT (wtHTT) and how mHTT protein disrupts the function of medium spiny neurons (MSNs). We also discuss how mHTT modulates epigenetic modifications and transcriptional pathways in MSNs. In addition, we define how non-cell autonomous pathways lead to damage and death of MSNs under HD pathological conditions. Lastly, we overview therapeutic approaches for HD. Together, understanding of precise neuropathological mechanisms of HD may improve therapeutic approaches to treat the onset and progression of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaebin Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (C.K.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Ali Yousefian-Jazi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (C.K.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Seung-Hye Choi
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (C.K.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.-H.C.)
| | - Inyoung Chang
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Junghee Lee
- Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea; (C.K.); (A.Y.-J.); (S.-H.C.)
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Butt MS, Tariq U, Iahtisham-Ul-Haq, Naz A, Rizwan M. Neuroprotective effects of oleuropein: Recent developments and contemporary research. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13967. [PMID: 34716610 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurological disorders are increasing at a faster pace due to oxidative stress, protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. It is reported that the Mediterranean diet including olives as a major dietary component prevents and ameliorates neurological anomalies. Oleuropein is the major bioactive component in different parts of the Olive (Olea europaea L.) tree. Several mechanisms have been reported for the neuroprotective role of oleuropein including induction of apoptosis and autophagy, enhancing the antioxidant pool of the cerebral region, decreasing the unnecessary release of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines by deactivating the microglia cells and astrocytes thus preventing the occurrence of neuroinflammation. Regular intake of oleuropein seems to be correlated with decreased risks of neural disorders including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, strokes, depression, anxiety, epilepsy, and others. This review majorly discusses the chemistry, biosynthesis, and metabolism of oleuropein along with an updated vision of its neuroprotective role in counteracting the acute and chronic neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, mechanisms by which oleuropein may prevent neurodegeneration are reviewed. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Neurological disorders are negatively affecting the health and life quality of individuals around the globe. Although various medicinal solutions are available to tackle such ailments, none has proven to fully cure and being deprived of side effects. In this respect, the prevention of such disorders using natural remedies may be an effective strategy to overcome the incidence of the increasing cases. Furthermore, the natural compounds provide a safer alternative to pharmaceutical drugs. Hence, oleuropein from olive tree products is found to be efficacious against neurological disorders. This review provides an updated insight on the positive effects of oleuropein against neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. The diet practitioners and nutraceutical companies may benefit from the provided information to design and develop strategies to improve the mental health of suffering individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masood Sadiq Butt
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Urwa Tariq
- Faculty of Food, Nutrition and Home Sciences, National Institute of Food Science and Technology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Iahtisham-Ul-Haq
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ambreen Naz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Muhammad Nawaz Shareef University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Faculty of Life Sciences, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Paul BD. Signaling Overlap between the Golgi Stress Response and Cysteine Metabolism in Huntington's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10091468. [PMID: 34573100 PMCID: PMC8465517 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10091468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is caused by expansion of polyglutamine repeats in the protein huntingtin, which affects the corpus striatum of the brain. The polyglutamine repeats in mutant huntingtin cause its aggregation and elicit toxicity by affecting several cellular processes, which include dysregulated organellar stress responses. The Golgi apparatus not only plays key roles in the transport, processing, and targeting of proteins, but also functions as a sensor of stress, signaling through the Golgi stress response. Unlike the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response, the Golgi stress response is relatively unexplored. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the Golgi stress response and its intersection with cysteine metabolism in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bindu D. Paul
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA;
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Sawant N, Morton H, Kshirsagar S, Reddy AP, Reddy PH. Mitochondrial Abnormalities and Synaptic Damage in Huntington's Disease: a Focus on Defective Mitophagy and Mitochondria-Targeted Therapeutics. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:6350-6377. [PMID: 34519969 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02556-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal and pure genetic disease with a progressive loss of medium spiny neurons (MSN). HD is caused by expanded polyglutamine repeats in the exon 1 of HD gene. Clinically, HD is characterized by chorea, seizures, involuntary movements, dystonia, cognitive decline, intellectual impairment, and emotional disturbances. Several years of intense research revealed that multiple cellular changes, including defective axonal transport, protein-protein interactions, defective bioenergetics, calcium dyshomeostasis, NMDAR activation, synaptic damage, mitochondrial abnormalities, and selective loss of medium spiny neurons are implicated in HD. Recent research on mutant huntingtin (mHtt) and mitochondria has found that mHtt interacts with the mitochondrial division protein, dynamin-related protein 1 (DRP1), enhances GTPase DRP1 enzymatic activity, and causes excessive mitochondrial fragmentation and abnormal distribution, leading to defective axonal transport of mitochondria and selective synaptic degeneration. Recent research also revealed that failure to remove dead and/or dying mitochondria is an early event in the disease progression. Currently, efforts are being made to reduce abnormal protein interactions and enhance synaptic mitophagy as therapeutic strategies for HD. The purpose of this article is to discuss recent research in HD progression. This article also discusses recent developments of cell and mouse models, cellular changes, mitochondrial abnormalities, DNA damage, bioenergetics, oxidative stress, mitophagy, and therapeutics strategies in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sawant
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Hallie Morton
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Sudhir Kshirsagar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Arubala P Reddy
- Nutritional Sciences Department, College of Human Sciences, Texas Tech University, 1301 Akron Ave, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Neuroscience & Pharmacology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Neurology, Department of School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Public Health Department of Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Department of Speech, Language and Hearing Sciences, School Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA. .,Department of Internal Medicine, Cell Biology & Biochemistry, Public Health and School of Health Professions, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Neuroscience & Pharmacology3601 4th Street, NeurologyLubbock, TX, 79430, USA.
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MUNTEANU C, MUNTEANU D, ONOSE G. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) - therapeutic relevance in rehabilitation and balneotherapy Systematic literature review and meta-analysis based on the PRISMA paradig. BALNEO AND PRM RESEARCH JOURNAL 2021. [DOI: 10.12680/balneo.2021.438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. An active molecule in sulfurous mineral - therapeutic waters and also in sapropelic mud is H2S, a hormetic gaseous molecule that can actively penetrate the skin. While high levels of H2S are extremely toxic, low levels are tolerated and have potential cytoprotective effects, with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant applications.
Objective. This systematic review aims to rigorously select related articles and identify within their content the main possible uses of hydrogen sulfide from balneary sources and to explain its physiological mechanisms and therapeutic properties.
Methods. To elaborate our systematic review, we have searched for relevant open access articles in 6 international databases: Cochrane , Elsevier , NCBI/PubMed , NCBI/PMC , PEDro , and ISI Web of Knowledge/Science , published from January 2016 until July 2021. The contextually quested keywords combinations/ syntaxes used are specified on this page. The eligible articles were analyzed in detail regarding pathologies addressed by hydrogen sulfide. All articles with any design (reviews, randomized controlled trials, non-randomized controlled trials, case-control studies, cross-sectional studies), if eligible according to the above-mentioned selection methodology, containing in the title the selected combinations, were included in the analysis. Articles were excluded in the second phase if they did not reach the relevance criterion.
Results. Our search identified, first, 291 articles. After eliminating the duplicates and non-ISI articles, remained 121 papers. In the second phase, we applied a PEDro selection filter, resulting in 108 articles that passed the relevance criterion and were included in this systematic review.
Conclusions. H2S biology and medical relevance are not fully understood and used adequately for sanogenic or medical purposes. More research is needed to fully understand the mechanisms and importance of this therapeutic gase. The link between balneotherapy and medical rehabilitation regarding the usage of hydrogen sulfide emphasises the unity for this medical speciality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin MUNTEANU
- 1 University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Grigore T. Popa, 16 University Street, Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana MUNTEANU
- National Institute of Rehabilitation, Physical Medicine and Balneoclimatology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Gelu ONOSE
- Teaching Emergency Hospital ”Bagdasar-Arseni”, Bucharest, Romania , Faculty of Medicine, Department of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy ”Carol Davila”, Bucharest,
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Inhibition of neuroinflammatory nitric oxide signaling suppresses glycation and prevents neuronal dysfunction in mouse prion disease. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2009579118. [PMID: 33653950 PMCID: PMC7958397 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2009579118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Several neurodegenerative diseases associated with protein misfolding (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease) exhibit oxidative and nitrergic stress following initiation of neuroinflammatory pathways. Associated nitric oxide (NO)-mediated posttranslational modifications impact upon protein functions that can exacerbate pathology. Nonenzymatic and irreversible glycation signaling has been implicated as an underlying pathway that promotes protein misfolding, but the direct interactions between both pathways are poorly understood. Here we investigated the therapeutic potential of pharmacologically suppressing neuroinflammatory NO signaling during early disease progression of prion-infected mice. Mice were injected daily with an NO synthase (NOS) inhibitor at early disease stages, hippocampal gene and protein expression levels of oxidative and nitrergic stress markers were analyzed, and electrophysiological characterization of pyramidal CA1 neurons was performed. Increased neuroinflammatory signaling was observed in mice between 6 and 10 wk postinoculation (w.p.i.) with scrapie prion protein. Their hippocampi were characterized by enhanced nitrergic stress associated with a decline in neuronal function by 9 w.p.i. Daily in vivo administration of the NOS inhibitor L-NAME between 6 and 9 w.p.i. at 20 mg/kg prevented the functional degeneration of hippocampal neurons in prion-diseased mice. We further found that this intervention in diseased mice reduced 3-nitrotyrosination of triose-phosphate isomerase, an enzyme involved in the formation of disease-associated glycation. Furthermore, L-NAME application led to a reduced expression of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products and the diminished accumulation of hippocampal prion misfolding. Our data suggest that suppressing neuroinflammatory NO signaling slows functional neurodegeneration and reduces nitrergic and glycation-associated cellular stress.
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Abstract
Mass spectrometry (MS) is a physical technique used to identify specific chemicals and molecules by precise analysis of their mass and charge; this technology has been adapted for biological sciences applications. Investigators have used MS to identify differential expressions of proteins in Huntington’s disease (HD), to discover Huntingtin (HTT) interacting proteins and to analyze HTT proteoforms. Using systems biology and computational approaches, data from MS screens have been leveraged to find differentially expressed pathways. This review summarizes the data from most of the MS studies done in the HD field in the last 20 years and compares it to the protein data reported before the use of MS technology. The MS results validate early findings in the field such as differential expression of PDE10a and DARPP-32 and identify new changes. We offer a perspective on the MS approach in HD, particularly for identification of disease pathways, the challenges in interpreting data across different studies, and its application to protein studies moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor Seeley
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly B Kegel-Gleason
- Laboratory of Cellular Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, USA
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Marcelo A, Koppenol R, de Almeida LP, Matos CA, Nóbrega C. Stress granules, RNA-binding proteins and polyglutamine diseases: too much aggregation? Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:592. [PMID: 34103467 PMCID: PMC8187637 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03873-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless cell compartments formed in response to different stress stimuli, wherein translation factors, mRNAs, RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and other proteins coalesce together. SGs assembly is crucial for cell survival, since SGs are implicated in the regulation of translation, mRNA storage and stabilization and cell signalling, during stress. One defining feature of SGs is their dynamism, as they are quickly assembled upon stress and then rapidly dispersed after the stress source is no longer present. Recently, SGs dynamics, their components and their functions have begun to be studied in the context of human diseases. Interestingly, the regulated protein self-assembly that mediates SG formation contrasts with the pathological protein aggregation that is a feature of several neurodegenerative diseases. In particular, aberrant protein coalescence is a key feature of polyglutamine (PolyQ) diseases, a group of nine disorders that are caused by an abnormal expansion of PolyQ tract-bearing proteins, which increases the propensity of those proteins to aggregate. Available data concerning the abnormal properties of the mutant PolyQ disease-causing proteins and their involvement in stress response dysregulation strongly suggests an important role for SGs in the pathogenesis of PolyQ disorders. This review aims at discussing the evidence supporting the existence of a link between SGs functionality and PolyQ disorders, by focusing on the biology of SGs and on the way it can be altered in a PolyQ disease context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Marcelo
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Rebekah Koppenol
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- PhD Program in Biomedial Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Luís Pereira de Almeida
- Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos A Matos
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal
| | - Clévio Nóbrega
- Algarve Biomedical Center Research Institute (ABC-RI), Faro, Portugal.
- Centre for Biomedical Research (CBMR), Universidade do Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal.
- Champalimaud Research Program, Champalimaud Center for the Unknown, Lisbon, Portugal.
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Adhikari A, Mondal S, Das M, Biswas P, Pal U, Darbar S, Bhattacharya SS, Pal D, Saha‐Dasgupta T, Das AK, Mallick AK, Pal SK. Incorporation of a Biocompatible Nanozyme in Cellular Antioxidant Enzyme Cascade Reverses Huntington's Like Disorder in Preclinical Model. Adv Healthc Mater 2021; 10:e2001736. [PMID: 33326181 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202001736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The potentiality of nano-enzymes in therapeutic use has directed contemporary research to develop a substitute for natural enzymes, which are suffering from several disadvantages including low stability, high cost, and difficulty in storage. However, inherent toxicity, inefficiency in the physiological milieu, and incompatibility to function in cellular enzyme networks limit the therapeutic use of nanozymes in living systems. Here, it is shown that citrate functionalized manganese-based biocompatible nanoscale material (C-Mn3 O4 NP) efficiently mimics glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzyme in the physiological milieu and easily incorporates into the cellular multienzyme cascade for H2 O2 scavenging. A detailed computational study reveals the mechanism of the nanozyme action. The in vivo therapeutic efficacy of C-Mn3 O4 nanozyme is further established in a preclinical animal model of Huntington's disease (HD), a prevalent progressive neurodegenerative disorder, which has no effective medication to date. Management of HD in preclinical animal trial using a biocompatible (non-toxic) nanozyme as a part of the metabolic network may uncover a new paradigm in nanozyme based therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aniruddha Adhikari
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Susmita Mondal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Monojit Das
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College University of Calcutta Uluberia 711315 India
- Department of Zoology Vidyasagar University Rangamati 721102 India
| | - Pritam Biswas
- Department of Microbiology St. Xavier's College 30, Mother Teresa Sarani Kolkata 700016 India
| | - Uttam Pal
- Technical Research Centre S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Soumendra Darbar
- Research & Development Division Dey's Medical Stores (Mfg.) Ltd 62, Bondel Road, Ballygunge Kolkata 700019 India
| | | | - Debasish Pal
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College University of Calcutta Uluberia 711315 India
| | - Tanusri Saha‐Dasgupta
- Technical Research Centre S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics and Material Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
| | - Anjan Kumar Das
- Department of Pathology Coochbehar Govt. Medical College and Hospital Silver Jubilee Road Cooch Behar 736101 India
| | - Asim Kumar Mallick
- Department of Pediatric Medicine Nil Ratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital 138, Acharya Jagadish Chandra Bose Road, Sealdah Kolkata 700014 India
| | - Samir Kumar Pal
- Department of Chemical, Biological and Macromolecular Sciences S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
- Department of Zoology, Uluberia College University of Calcutta Uluberia 711315 India
- Technical Research Centre S. N. Bose National Centre for Basic Sciences Block JD, Sector 3, Salt Lake Kolkata 700106 India
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Dennis AG, Almaguer-Mederos LE, Raúl RA, Roberto RL, Luis VP, Dany CA, Yanetza GZ, Yaimeé VM, Annelié ED, Arnoy PA, Reydenis TV. Redox Imbalance Associates with Clinical Worsening in Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 2. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:9875639. [PMID: 33688396 PMCID: PMC7920744 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9875639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spinocerebellar ataxia type 2 (SCA2) is a neurodegenerative disease presenting with redox imbalance. However, the nature and implications of redox imbalance in SCA2 physiopathology have not been fully understood. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to assess the redox imbalance and its association with disease severity in SCA2 mutation carriers. METHODS A case-control study was conducted involving molecularly confirmed SCA2 patients, presymptomatic individuals, and healthy controls. Several antioxidant parameters were assessed, including serum thiol concentration and the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione S-transferase enzymatic activities. Also, several prooxidant parameters were evaluated, including thiobarbituric acid-reactive species and protein carbonyl concentrations. Damage, protective, and OXY scores were computed. Clinical correlates were established. RESULTS Significant differences were found between comparison groups for redox markers, including protein carbonyl concentration (F = 3.30; p = 0.041), glutathione S-transferase activity (F = 4.88; p = 0.009), and damage (F = 3.20; p = 0.045), protection (F = 12.75; p < 0.001), and OXY (F = 7.29; p = 0.001) scores. Protein carbonyl concentration was positively correlated with CAG repeat length (r = 0.27; p = 0.022), while both protein carbonyl concentration (r = -0.27; p = 0.018) and OXY score (r = -0.25; p = 0.013) were inversely correlated to the disease duration. Increasing levels of antioxidants and decreasing levels of prooxidant parameters were associated with clinical worsening. CONCLUSIONS There is a disruption of redox balance in SCA2 mutation carriers which depends on the disease stage. Besides, redox changes associate with markers of disease severity, suggesting a link between disruption of redox balance and SCA2 physiopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almaguer-Gotay Dennis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Luis E. Almaguer-Mederos
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Rodríguez-Aguilera Raúl
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Velázquez-Pérez Luis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- Cuban Academy of Sciences, Cuba
| | - Cuello-Almarales Dany
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - González-Zaldívar Yanetza
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
- University of Medical Sciences of Holguín, Cuba
| | - Vázquez-Mojena Yaimeé
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | | | - Peña-Acosta Arnoy
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
| | - Torres-Vega Reydenis
- Center for the Investigation and Rehabilitation of Hereditary Ataxias (CIRAH), Holguín, Cuba
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Cross-sectional analysis of plasma and CSF metabolomic markers in Huntington's disease for participants of varying functional disability: a pilot study. Sci Rep 2020; 10:20490. [PMID: 33235276 PMCID: PMC7686309 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-77526-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington’s Disease (HD) is a progressive, fatal neurodegenerative condition. While generally considered for its devastating neurological phenotype, disturbances in other organ systems and metabolic pathways outside the brain have attracted attention for possible relevance to HD pathology, potential as therapeutic targets, or use as biomarkers of progression. In addition, it is not established how metabolic changes in the HD brain correlate to progression across the full spectrum of early to late-stage disease. In this pilot study, we sought to explore the metabolic profile across manifest HD from early to advanced clinical staging through metabolomic analysis by mass spectrometry in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). With disease progression, we observed nominally significant increases in plasma arginine, citrulline, and glycine, with decreases in total and d-serine, cholesterol esters, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, and sphingomyelins. In CSF, worsening disease was associated with nominally significant increases in NAD+, arginine, saturated long chain free fatty acids, diacylglycerides, triacylglycerides, and sphingomyelins. Notably, diacylglycerides and triacylglyceride species associated with clinical progression were different between plasma and CSF, suggesting different metabolic preferences for these compartments. Increasing NAD+ levels strongly correlating with disease progression was an unexpected finding. Our data suggest that defects in the urea cycle, glycine, and serine metabolism may be underrecognized in the progression HD pathology, and merit further study for possible therapeutic relevance.
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Khodagholi F, Maleki A, Motamedi F, Mousavi MA, Rafiei S, Moslemi M. Oxytocin Prevents the Development of 3-NP-Induced Anxiety and Depression in Male and Female Rats: Possible Interaction of OXTR and mGluR2. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2020; 42:1105-1123. [PMID: 33201416 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-020-01003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a progressive neurological disorder with dominant motor symptoms. It also has psychiatric manifestations, like anxiety and depression, that can emerge themselves before motor symptoms and impose a major burden on patients. Oxytocin (OXT) is a newly emerged treatment for disorders like autism and schizophrenia and recently is using to alleviate depression and anxiety. In the current study, we investigated the behavioral and molecular effects of OXT on the development of anxiety and depression in 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced model of HD. Anxiety- and depression-like behaviors as well as the levels of oxytocin receptor (OXTR), metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 2, mGluR5, and glutathione (GSH) were measured in striatum, hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala. Also, we questioned if sex had any modulatory effect. We found that 3-NP increased anxiety and depression compared to controls. It also reduced the levels of OXTR and mGluR2, increased mGluR5, and reduced GSH in studied brain regions. Pretreatment with OXT before the injection of 3-NP ameliorated anxiety and depression. Additionally, it protected the brain from developing low levels of OXTR, mGluR2, and GSH and high levels of mGluR5 in studied regions. The protective effects of OXT were similar between male and female animals. These data suggest that OXTR, mGluR2, mGluR5, and GSH may contribute to psychiatric manifestations of HD. In addition, pretreatment with OXT could prevent the mood changes in male and female rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Khodagholi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Maleki
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Motamedi
- Neuroscience Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Alsadat Mousavi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahrbanoo Rafiei
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Moslemi
- Neurobiology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Reactive Species in Huntington Disease: Are They Really the Radicals You Want to Catch? Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9070577. [PMID: 32630706 PMCID: PMC7401865 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9070577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Huntington disease (HD) is a neurodegenerative condition and one of the so-called rare or minority diseases, due to its low prevalence (affecting 1–10 of every 100,000 people in western countries). The causative gene, HTT, encodes huntingtin, a protein with a yet unknown function. Mutant huntingtin causes a range of phenotypes, including oxidative stress and the activation of microglia and astrocytes, which leads to chronic inflammation of the brain. Although substantial efforts have been made to find a cure for HD, there is currently no medical intervention able to stop or even delay progression of the disease. Among the many targets of therapeutic intervention, oxidative stress and inflammation have been extensively studied and some clinical trials have been promoted to target them. In the present work, we review the basic research on oxidative stress in HD and the strategies used to fight it. Many of the strategies to reduce the phenotypes associated with oxidative stress have produced positive results, yet no substantial functional recovery has been observed in animal models or patients with the disease. We discuss possible explanations for this and suggest potential ways to overcome it.
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Schrank S, Barrington N, Stutzmann GE. Calcium-Handling Defects and Neurodegenerative Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035212. [PMID: 31427373 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calcium signaling is critical to neuronal function and regulates highly diverse processes such as gene transcription, energy production, protein handling, and synaptic structure and function. Because there are many common underlying calcium-mediated pathological features observed across several neurological conditions, it has been proposed that neurodegenerative diseases have an upstream underlying calcium basis in their pathogenesis. With certain diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's, specific sources of calcium dysregulation originating from distinct neuronal compartments or channels have been shown to have defined roles in initiating or sustaining disease mechanisms. Herein, we will review the major hallmarks of these diseases, and how they relate to calcium dysregulation. We will then discuss neuronal calcium handling throughout the neuron, with special emphasis on channels involved in neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Schrank
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Nikki Barrington
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
| | - Grace E Stutzmann
- Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Therapeutics, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064.,Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University, North Chicago, Illinois 60064
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38
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Interaction of Oxidative Stress and Misfolded Proteins in the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration. Life (Basel) 2020; 10:life10070101. [PMID: 32629809 PMCID: PMC7400128 DOI: 10.3390/life10070101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Aggregation of the misfolded proteins β-amyloid, tau, huntingtin, and α-synuclein is one of the most important steps in the pathology underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including the two most common ones—Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Activity and toxicity of these proteins depends on the stage and form of aggregates. Excessive production of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species which lead to oxidative stress, is proven to be involved in the mechanism of pathology in most of neurodegenerative disorders. Both reactive oxygen species and misfolded proteins play a physiological role in the brain, and only deregulation in redox state and aggregation of the proteins leads to pathology. Here, we review the role of misfolded proteins in the activation of ROS production from various sources in neurons and glia. We discuss if free radicals can influence structural changes of the key toxic intermediates and describe the putative mechanisms by which oxidative stress and oligomers may cause neuronal death.
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Michaličková D, Šíma M, Slanař O. New insights in the mechanisms of impaired redox signaling and its interplay with inflammation and immunity in multiple sclerosis. Physiol Res 2020; 69:1-19. [PMID: 31852206 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.934276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune neurological disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), leading to demyelination and axonal damage and resulting in a range of physical, mental or even psychiatric symptoms. Key role of oxidative stress (OS) in the pathogenesis of MS has been suggested, as indicated by the biochemical analysis of cerebrospinal fluid and blood samples, tissue homogenates, and animal models of multiple sclerosis. OS causes demyelination and neurodegeneration directly, by oxidation of lipids, proteins and DNA but also indirectly, by inducing a dysregulation of the immunity and favoring the state of pro-inflammatory response. In this review, we discuss the interrelated mechanisms of the impaired redox signaling, of which the most important are inflammation-induced production of free radicals by activated immune cells and growth factors, release of iron from myelin sheath during demyelination and mitochondrial dysfunction and consequent energy failure and impaired oxidative phosphorylation. Review also provides an overview of the interplay between inflammation, immunity and OS in MS. Finally, this review also points out new potential targets in MS regarding attenuation of OS and inflammatory response in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Michaličková
- Institute of Pharmacology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rejeeth C, Sharma A, Nipun Babu V, Gautam R. Label-free colorimetric detection of serum cysteine using Ag-NP probes in the presence of Be 2+ ions. NEW J CHEM 2020; 44:9018-9024. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj00967a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids play a crucial role in a variety of significant metabolic processes and their homeostasis is essential for cell growth and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandrababu Rejeeth
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Med-X Research Institute
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
- P. R. China
| | - Alok Sharma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes
- Institute for Personalized Medicine
- School of Biomedical Engineering
- Shanghai Jiao Tong University
- Shanghai 200030
| | | | - Rahul Gautam
- Jian Pei Medical Imaging Research Center
- Hangzhou 311140
- P. R. China
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Pinho BR, Duarte AI, Canas PM, Moreira PI, Murphy MP, Oliveira JMA. The interplay between redox signalling and proteostasis in neurodegeneration: In vivo effects of a mitochondria-targeted antioxidant in Huntington's disease mice. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 146:372-382. [PMID: 31751762 PMCID: PMC6970224 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Abnormal protein homeostasis (proteostasis), dysfunctional mitochondria, and aberrant redox signalling are often associated in neurodegenerative disorders, such as Huntington's (HD), Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. It remains incompletely understood, however, how changes in redox signalling affect proteostasis mechanisms, including protein degradation pathways and unfolded protein responses (UPR). Here we address this open question by investigating the interplay between redox signalling and proteostasis in a mouse model of HD, and by examining the in vivo effects of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. We performed behavioural tests in wild-type and R6/2 HD mice, examined markers of oxidative stress, UPR activation, and the status of key protein degradation pathways in brain and peripheral tissues. We show that R6/2 mice present widespread markers of oxidative stress, with tissue-specific changes in proteostasis that were more pronounced in the brain and muscle than in the liver. R6/2 mice presented increased levels of cytosolic and mitochondrial chaperones, particularly in muscle, indicating UPR activation. Treatment with MitoQ significantly ameliorated fine motor control of R6/2 mice, and reduced markers of oxidative damage in muscle. Additionally, MitoQ attenuated overactive autophagy induction in the R6/2 muscle, which has been associated with muscle wasting. Treatment with MitoQ did not alter autophagy markers in the brain, in agreement with its low brain bioavailability, which limits the risk of impairing neuronal protein clearance mechanisms. This study supports the hypotheses that abnormal redox signalling in muscle contributes to altered proteostasis and motor impairment in HD, and that redox interventions can improve muscle performance, highlighting the importance of peripheral therapeutics in HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brígida R Pinho
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana I Duarte
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula M Canas
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula I Moreira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience & Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB20XY, UK
| | - Jorge M A Oliveira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Department of Drug Sciences, Pharmacology Lab, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Consortium for Mitochondrial Research (CfMR), University College London, Gower Street, WC1E 6BT, London, UK.
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Estevez AY, Ganesana M, Trentini JF, Olson JE, Li G, Boateng YO, Lipps JM, Yablonski SER, Donnelly WT, Leiter JC, Erlichman JS. Antioxidant Enzyme-Mimetic Activity and Neuroprotective Effects of Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Stabilized with Various Ratios of Citric Acid and EDTA. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E562. [PMID: 31623336 PMCID: PMC6843313 DOI: 10.3390/biom9100562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles (CeNPs) are potent antioxidants that are being explored as potential therapies for diseases in which oxidative stress plays an important pathological role. However, both beneficial and toxic effects of CeNPs have been reported, and the method of synthesis as well as physico-chemical, biological, and environmental factors can impact the ultimate biological effects of CeNPs. In the present study, we explored the effect of different ratios of citric acid (CA) and EDTA (CA/EDTA), which are used as stabilizers during synthesis of CeNPs, on the antioxidant enzyme-mimetic and biological activity of the CeNPs. We separated the CeNPs into supernatant and pellet fractions and used commercially available enzymatic assays to measure the catalase-, superoxide dismutase (SOD)-, and oxidase-mimetic activity of each fraction. We tested the effects of these CeNPs in a mouse hippocampal brain slice model of ischemia to induce oxidative stress where the fluorescence indicator SYTOX green was used to assess cell death. Our results demonstrate that CeNPs stabilized with various ratios of CA/EDTA display different enzyme-mimetic activities. CeNPs with intermediate CA/EDTA stabilization ratios demonstrated greater neuroprotection in ischemic mouse brain slices, and the neuroprotective activity resides in the pellet fraction of the CeNPs. The neuroprotective effects of CeNPs stabilized with equal proportions of CA/EDTA (50/50) were also demonstrated in two other models of ischemia/reperfusion in mice and rats. Thus, CeNPs merit further development as a neuroprotective therapy for use in diseases associated with oxidative stress in the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Y Estevez
- Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA.
- Psychology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA.
| | - Mallikarjunarao Ganesana
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - John F Trentini
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - James E Olson
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology, and Physiology, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Guangze Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Wright State University, Boonshoft School of Medicine, Dayton, OH 45435, USA.
| | - Yvonne O Boateng
- Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA.
| | - Jennifer M Lipps
- Biology Department, St. Lawrence University, Canton, NY 13617, USA.
| | | | - William T Donnelly
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
| | - James C Leiter
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA.
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Neuropathology and pathogenesis of extrapyramidal movement disorders: a critical update. II. Hyperkinetic disorders. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2019; 126:997-1027. [DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02030-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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