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Dwivedi D, Dumontier D, Sherer M, Lin S, Mirow AM, Qiu Y, Xu Q, Liebman SA, Joseph D, Datta SR, Fishell G, Pouchelon G. Metabotropic signaling within somatostatin interneurons controls transient thalamocortical inputs during development. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.09.21.558862. [PMID: 37790336 PMCID: PMC10542166 DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.21.558862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
During brain development, neural circuits undergo major activity-dependent restructuring. Circuit wiring mainly occurs through synaptic strengthening following the Hebbian "fire together, wire together" precept. However, select connections, essential for circuit development, are transient. They are effectively connected early in development, but strongly diminish during maturation. The mechanisms by which transient connectivity recedes are unknown. To investigate this process, we characterize transient thalamocortical inputs, which depress onto somatostatin inhibitory interneurons during development, by employing optogenetics, chemogenetics, transcriptomics and CRISPR-based strategies. We demonstrate that in contrast to typical activity-dependent mechanisms, transient thalamocortical connectivity onto somatostatin interneurons is non-canonical and involves metabotropic signaling. Specifically, metabotropic-mediated transcription, of guidance molecules in particular, supports the elimination of this connectivity. Remarkably, we found that this developmental process impacts the development of normal exploratory behaviors of adult mice.
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2
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Tikidji-Hamburyan RA, Govindaiah G, Guido W, Colonnese MT. Synaptic and circuit mechanisms prevent detrimentally precise correlation in the developing mammalian visual system. eLife 2023; 12:e84333. [PMID: 37211984 PMCID: PMC10202458 DOI: 10.7554/elife.84333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The developing visual thalamus and cortex extract positional information encoded in the correlated activity of retinal ganglion cells by synaptic plasticity, allowing for the refinement of connectivity. Here, we use a biophysical model of the visual thalamus during the initial visual circuit refinement period to explore the role of synaptic and circuit properties in the regulation of such neural correlations. We find that the NMDA receptor dominance, combined with weak recurrent excitation and inhibition characteristic of this age, prevents the emergence of spike-correlations between thalamocortical neurons on the millisecond timescale. Such precise correlations, which would emerge due to the broad, unrefined connections from the retina to the thalamus, reduce the spatial information contained by thalamic spikes, and therefore we term them 'parasitic' correlations. Our results suggest that developing synapses and circuits evolved mechanisms to compensate for such detrimental parasitic correlations arising from the unrefined and immature circuit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gubbi Govindaiah
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - William Guido
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of LouisvilleLouisvilleUnited States
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington UniversityWashingtonUnited States
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3
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Kirchner JH, Gjorgjieva J. Emergence of local and global synaptic organization on cortical dendrites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4005. [PMID: 34183661 PMCID: PMC8239006 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23557-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synaptic inputs on cortical dendrites are organized with remarkable subcellular precision at the micron level. This organization emerges during early postnatal development through patterned spontaneous activity and manifests both locally where nearby synapses are significantly correlated, and globally with distance to the soma. We propose a biophysically motivated synaptic plasticity model to dissect the mechanistic origins of this organization during development and elucidate synaptic clustering of different stimulus features in the adult. Our model captures local clustering of orientation in ferret and receptive field overlap in mouse visual cortex based on the receptive field diameter and the cortical magnification of visual space. Including action potential back-propagation explains branch clustering heterogeneity in the ferret and produces a global retinotopy gradient from soma to dendrite in the mouse. Therefore, by combining activity-dependent synaptic competition and species-specific receptive fields, our framework explains different aspects of synaptic organization regarding stimulus features and spatial scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan H. Kirchner
- grid.419505.c0000 0004 0491 3878Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- grid.419505.c0000 0004 0491 3878Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany ,grid.6936.a0000000123222966School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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4
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Wosniack ME, Kirchner JH, Chao LY, Zabouri N, Lohmann C, Gjorgjieva J. Adaptation of spontaneous activity in the developing visual cortex. eLife 2021; 10:61619. [PMID: 33722342 PMCID: PMC7963484 DOI: 10.7554/elife.61619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous activity drives the establishment of appropriate connectivity in different circuits during brain development. In the mouse primary visual cortex, two distinct patterns of spontaneous activity occur before vision onset: local low-synchronicity events originating in the retina and global high-synchronicity events originating in the cortex. We sought to determine the contribution of these activity patterns to jointly organize network connectivity through different activity-dependent plasticity rules. We postulated that local events shape cortical input selectivity and topography, while global events homeostatically regulate connection strength. However, to generate robust selectivity, we found that global events should adapt their amplitude to the history of preceding cortical activation. We confirmed this prediction by analyzing in vivo spontaneous cortical activity. The predicted adaptation leads to the sparsification of spontaneous activity on a slower timescale during development, demonstrating the remarkable capacity of the developing sensory cortex to acquire sensitivity to visual inputs after eye-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina E Wosniack
- Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Jan H Kirchner
- Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Ling-Ya Chao
- Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nawal Zabouri
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christian Lohmann
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Julijana Gjorgjieva
- Computation in Neural Circuits Group, Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, Frankfurt, Germany.,School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
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5
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Romagnoni A, Colonnese MT, Touboul JD, Gutkin BS. Progressive alignment of inhibitory and excitatory delay may drive a rapid developmental switch in cortical network dynamics. J Neurophysiol 2020; 123:1583-1599. [PMID: 32049596 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00402.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous system maturation occurs on multiple levels-synaptic, circuit, and network-at divergent timescales. For example, many synaptic properties mature gradually, whereas emergent network dynamics can change abruptly. Here we combine experimental and theoretical approaches to investigate a sudden transition in spontaneous and sensory evoked thalamocortical activity necessary for the development of vision. Inspired by in vivo measurements of timescales and amplitudes of synaptic currents, we extend the Wilson and Cowan model to take into account the relative onset timing and amplitudes of inhibitory and excitatory neural population responses. We study this system as these parameters are varied within amplitudes and timescales consistent with developmental observations to identify the bifurcations of the dynamics that might explain the network behaviors in vivo. Our findings indicate that the inhibitory timing is a critical determinant of thalamocortical activity maturation; a gradual decay of the ratio of inhibitory to excitatory onset time drives the system through a bifurcation that leads to a sudden switch of the network spontaneous activity from high-amplitude oscillations to a nonoscillatory active state. This switch also drives a change from a threshold bursting to linear response to transient stimuli, also consistent with in vivo observation. Thus we show that inhibitory timing is likely critical to the development of network dynamics and may underlie rapid changes in activity without similarly rapid changes in the underlying synaptic and cellular parameters.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Relying on a generalization of the Wilson-Cowan model, which allows a solid analytic foundation for the understanding of the link between maturation of inhibition and network dynamics, we propose a potential explanation for the role of developing excitatory/inhibitory synaptic delays in mediating a sudden switch in thalamocortical visual activity preceding vision onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Romagnoni
- Group for Neural Theory, LNC INSERM Unité 960, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Centre de recherche sur l'inflammation UMR 1149, INSERM-Université Paris Diderot, Paris, France.,Data Team, Département d'informatique de l'ENS, École Normale Supérieure, CNRS, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jonathan D Touboul
- Department of Mathematics and Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, Massachusetts
| | - Boris S Gutkin
- Group for Neural Theory, LNC INSERM Unité 960, Département d'Études Cognitives, École Normale Supérieure, PSL Research University, Paris, France.,Center for Cognition and Decision Making, Department of Psychology, NRU Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia
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6
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Kanold PO, Deng R, Meng X. The Integrative Function of Silent Synapses on Subplate Neurons in Cortical Development and Dysfunction. Front Neuroanat 2019; 13:41. [PMID: 31040772 PMCID: PMC6476909 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2019.00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The thalamocortical circuit is of central importance in relaying information to the cortex. In development, subplate neurons (SPNs) form an integral part of the thalamocortical pathway. These early born cortical neurons are the first neurons to receive thalamic inputs and excite neurons in the cortical plate. This feed-forward circuit topology of SPNs supports the role of SPNs in shaping the formation and plasticity of thalamocortical connections. Recently it has been shown that SPNs also receive inputs from the developing cortical plate and project to the thalamus. The cortical inputs to SPNs in early ages are mediated by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor only containing synapses while at later ages α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA)-receptors are present. Thus, SPNs perform a changing integrative function over development. NMDA-receptor only synapses are crucially influenced by the resting potential and thus insults to the developing brain that causes depolarizations, e.g., hypoxia, can influence the integrative function of SPNs. Since such insults in humans cause symptoms of neurodevelopmental disorders, NMDA-receptor only synapses on SPNs might provide a crucial link between early injuries and later circuit dysfunction. We thus here review subplate associated circuits, their changing functions, and discuss possible roles in development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick O. Kanold
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
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7
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Chorghay Z, Káradóttir RT, Ruthazer ES. White Matter Plasticity Keeps the Brain in Tune: Axons Conduct While Glia Wrap. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:428. [PMID: 30519159 PMCID: PMC6251003 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Precise timing of neuronal inputs is crucial for brain circuit function and development, where it contributes critically to experience-dependent plasticity. Myelination therefore provides an important adaptation mechanism for vertebrate circuits. Despite its importance to circuit activity, the interplay between neuronal activity and myelination has yet to be fully elucidated. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted to uncovering and explaining the phenomenon of white matter (WM) plasticity. Here, we summarize some of the critical evidence for modulation of the WM by neuronal activity, ranging from human diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) studies to experiments in animal models. These experiments reveal activity-dependent changes in the differentiation and proliferation of the oligodendrocyte lineage, and in the critical properties of the myelin sheaths. We discuss the implications of such changes for synaptic function and plasticity, and present the underlying mechanisms of neuron–glia communication, with a focus on glutamatergic signaling and the axomyelinic synapse. Finally, we examine evidence that myelin plasticity may be subject to critical periods. Taken together, the present review aims to provide insights into myelination in the context of brain circuit formation and function, emphasizing the bidirectional interplay between neurons and myelinating glial cells to better inform future investigations of nervous system plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahraa Chorghay
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Ragnhildur Thóra Káradóttir
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Edward S Ruthazer
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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8
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Goodhill GJ. Theoretical Models of Neural Development. iScience 2018; 8:183-199. [PMID: 30321813 PMCID: PMC6197653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Constructing a functioning nervous system requires the precise orchestration of a vast array of mechanical, molecular, and neural-activity-dependent cues. Theoretical models can play a vital role in helping to frame quantitative issues, reveal mathematical commonalities between apparently diverse systems, identify what is and what is not possible in principle, and test the abilities of specific mechanisms to explain the data. This review focuses on the progress that has been made over the last decade in our theoretical understanding of neural development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Goodhill
- Queensland Brain Institute and School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia.
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9
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Triplett MA, Avitan L, Goodhill GJ. Emergence of spontaneous assembly activity in developing neural networks without afferent input. PLoS Comput Biol 2018; 14:e1006421. [PMID: 30265665 PMCID: PMC6161857 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1006421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous activity is a fundamental characteristic of the developing nervous system. Intriguingly, it often takes the form of multiple structured assemblies of neurons. Such assemblies can form even in the absence of afferent input, for instance in the zebrafish optic tectum after bilateral enucleation early in life. While the development of neural assemblies based on structured afferent input has been theoretically well-studied, it is less clear how they could arise in systems without afferent input. Here we show that a recurrent network of binary threshold neurons with initially random weights can form neural assemblies based on a simple Hebbian learning rule. Over development the network becomes increasingly modular while being driven by initially unstructured spontaneous activity, leading to the emergence of neural assemblies. Surprisingly, the set of neurons making up each assembly then continues to evolve, despite the number of assemblies remaining roughly constant. In the mature network assembly activity builds over several timesteps before the activation of the full assembly, as recently observed in calcium-imaging experiments. Our results show that Hebbian learning is sufficient to explain the emergence of highly structured patterns of neural activity in the absence of structured input.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A. Triplett
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lilach Avitan
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Geoffrey J. Goodhill
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- School of Mathematics and Physics, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
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10
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Colonnese MT, Shen J, Murata Y. Uncorrelated Neural Firing in Mouse Visual Cortex during Spontaneous Retinal Waves. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:289. [PMID: 28979189 PMCID: PMC5611364 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronous firing among the elements of forming circuits is critical for stabilization of synapses. Understanding the nature of these local network interactions during development can inform models of circuit formation. Within cortex, spontaneous activity changes throughout development. Unlike the adult, early spontaneous activity occurs in discontinuous population bursts separated by long silent periods, suggesting a high degree of local synchrony. However, whether the micro-patterning of activity within early bursts is unique to this early age and specifically tuned for early development is poorly understood, particularly within the column. To study this we used single-shank multi-electrode array recordings of spontaneous activity in the visual cortex of non-anesthetized neonatal mice to quantify single-unit firing rates, and applied multiple measures of network interaction and synchrony throughout the period of map formation and immediately after eye-opening. We find that despite co-modulation of firing rates on a slow time scale (hundreds of ms), the number of coactive neurons, as well as pair-wise neural spike-rate correlations, are both lower before eye-opening. In fact, on post-natal days (P)6–9 correlated activity was lower than expected by chance, suggesting active decorrelation of activity during early bursts. Neurons in lateral geniculate nucleus developed in an opposite manner, becoming less correlated after eye-opening. Population coupling, a measure of integration in the local network, revealed a population of neurons with particularly strong local coupling present at P6–11, but also an adult-like diversity of coupling at all ages, suggesting that a neuron’s identity as locally or distally coupled is determined early. The occurrence probabilities of unique neuronal “words” were largely similar at all ages suggesting that retinal waves drive adult-like patterns of co-activation. These findings suggest that the bursts of spontaneous activity during early visual development do not drive hyper-synchronous activity within columns. Rather, retinal waves provide windows of potential activation during which neurons are active but poorly correlated, adult-like patterns of correlation are achieved soon after eye-opening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Colonnese
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, United States
| | - Jing Shen
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, United States
| | - Yasunobu Murata
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Institute for Neuroscience, The George Washington UniversityWashington, DC, United States
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11
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Jovanovic S, Radulovic T, Coddou C, Dietz B, Nerlich J, Stojilkovic SS, Rübsamen R, Milenkovic I. Tonotopic action potential tuning of maturing auditory neurons through endogenous ATP. J Physiol 2016; 595:1315-1337. [PMID: 28030754 DOI: 10.1113/jp273272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
KEY POINTS Following the genetically controlled formation of neuronal circuits, early firing activity guides the development of sensory maps in the auditory, visual and somatosensory system. However, it is not clear whether the activity of central auditory neurons is specifically regulated depending on the position within the sensory map. In the ventral cochlear nucleus, the first central station along the auditory pathway, we describe a mechanism through which paracrine ATP signalling enhances firing in a cell-specific and tonotopically-determined manner. Developmental down-regulation of P2X2/3R currents along the tonotopic axis occurs simultaneously with an increase in AMPA receptor currents, suggesting a high-to-low frequency maturation pattern. Facilitated action potential (AP) generation, measured as higher firing rate, shorter EPSP-AP delay in vivo and shorter AP latency in slice experiments, is consistent with increased synaptic efficacy caused by ATP. The long lasting change in intrinsic neuronal excitability is mediated by the heteromeric P2X2/3 receptors. ABSTRACT Synaptic refinement and strengthening are activity-dependent processes that establish orderly arranged cochleotopic maps throughout the central auditory system. The maturation of auditory brainstem circuits is guided by action potentials (APs) arising from the inner hair cells in the developing cochlea. The AP firing of developing central auditory neurons can be modulated by paracrine ATP signalling, as shown for the cochlear nucleus bushy cells and principal neurons in the medial nucleus of the trapezoid body. However, it is not clear whether neuronal activity may be specifically regulated with respect to the nuclear tonotopic position (i.e. sound frequency selectivity). Using slice recordings before hearing onset and in vivo recordings with iontophoretic drug applications after hearing onset, we show that cell-specific purinergic modulation follows a precise tonotopic pattern in the ventral cochlear nucleus of developing gerbils. In high-frequency regions, ATP responsiveness diminished before hearing onset. In low-to-mid frequency regions, ATP modulation persisted after hearing onset in a subset of low-frequency bushy cells (characteristic frequency< 10 kHz). Down-regulation of P2X2/3R currents along the tonotopic axis occurs simultaneously with an increase in AMPA receptor currents, thus suggesting a high-to-low frequency maturation pattern. Facilitated AP generation, measured as higher firing frequency, shorter EPSP-AP delay in vivo, and shorter AP latency in slice experiments, is consistent with increased synaptic efficacy caused by ATP. Finally, by combining recordings and pharmacology in vivo, in slices, and in human embryonic kidney 293 cells, it was shown that the long lasting change in intrinsic neuronal excitability is mediated by the P2X2/3R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saša Jovanovic
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tamara Radulovic
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Claudio Coddou
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Program in Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Beatrice Dietz
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Nerlich
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stanko S Stojilkovic
- Section on Cellular Signaling, Program in Developmental Neuroscience, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Rudolf Rübsamen
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ivan Milenkovic
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Biosciences, Pharmacy and Psychology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Carl Ludwig Institute for Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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de Santos-Sierra D, Sanchez-Jimenez A, Garcia-Vellisca MA, Navas A, Villacorta-Atienza JA. Effects of Spike Anticipation on the Spiking Dynamics of Neural Networks. Front Comput Neurosci 2015; 9:144. [PMID: 26648863 PMCID: PMC4663270 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2015.00144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Synchronization is one of the central phenomena involved in information processing in living systems. It is known that the nervous system requires the coordinated activity of both local and distant neural populations. Such an interplay allows to merge different information modalities in a whole processing supporting high-level mental skills as understanding, memory, abstraction, etc. Though, the biological processes underlying synchronization in the brain are not fully understood there have been reported a variety of mechanisms supporting different types of synchronization both at theoretical and experimental level. One of the more intriguing of these phenomena is the anticipating synchronization, which has been recently reported in a pair of unidirectionally coupled artificial neurons under simple conditions (Pyragiene and Pyragas, 2013), where the slave neuron is able to anticipate in time the behavior of the master one. In this paper, we explore the effect of spike anticipation over the information processing performed by a neural network at functional and structural level. We show that the introduction of intermediary neurons in the network enhances spike anticipation and analyse how these variations in spike anticipation can significantly change the firing regime of the neural network according to its functional and structural properties. In addition we show that the interspike interval (ISI), one of the main features of the neural response associated with the information coding, can be closely related to spike anticipation by each spike, and how synaptic plasticity can be modulated through that relationship. This study has been performed through numerical simulation of a coupled system of Hindmarsh–Rose neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel de Santos-Sierra
- Group of Biometrics, Biosignals and Security, Research Centre for Smart Buildings and Energy Efficiency (CeDInt), Technical University of Madrid Madrid, Spain ; Laboratory of Computational System Biology, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Abel Sanchez-Jimenez
- Department of Applied Mathematics (Biomathematics), School of Biological Sciences, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Mariano A Garcia-Vellisca
- Laboratory of Computational System Biology, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Navas
- Laboratory of Computational System Biology, Center for Biomedical Technology, Technical University of Madrid Madrid, Spain
| | - Jose A Villacorta-Atienza
- Group of Biometrics, Biosignals and Security, Research Centre for Smart Buildings and Energy Efficiency (CeDInt), Technical University of Madrid Madrid, Spain ; Department of Applied Mathematics, School of Mathematics, Universidad Complutense de Madrid Madrid, Spain
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13
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Martens MB, Celikel T, Tiesinga PHE. A Developmental Switch for Hebbian Plasticity. PLoS Comput Biol 2015; 11:e1004386. [PMID: 26172394 PMCID: PMC4501799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1004386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hebbian forms of synaptic plasticity are required for the orderly development of sensory circuits in the brain and are powerful modulators of learning and memory in adulthood. During development, emergence of Hebbian plasticity leads to formation of functional circuits. By modeling the dynamics of neurotransmitter release during early postnatal cortical development we show that a developmentally regulated switch in vesicle exocytosis mode triggers associative (i.e. Hebbian) plasticity. Early in development spontaneous vesicle exocytosis (SVE), often considered as 'synaptic noise', is important for homogenization of synaptic weights and maintenance of synaptic weights in the appropriate dynamic range. Our results demonstrate that SVE has a permissive, whereas subsequent evoked vesicle exocytosis (EVE) has an instructive role in the expression of Hebbian plasticity. A timed onset for Hebbian plasticity can be achieved by switching from SVE to EVE and the balance between SVE and EVE can control the effective rate of Hebbian plasticity. We further show that this developmental switch in neurotransmitter release mode enables maturation of spike-timing dependent plasticity. A mis-timed or inadequate SVE to EVE switch may lead to malformation of brain networks thereby contributing to the etiology of neurodevelopmental disorders. Neurotransmitter release is the principal form of chemical communication in the brain. When an action potential reaches a synapse, calcium influx activates the machinery for neurotransmitter release. During early neuronal development this machinery matures such that neurotransmitter release becomes time-locked to action potentials. By modeling this change in neurotransmitter release, we mechanistically show that the maturation process can be solely responsible for switching on associative (i.e. Hebbian) plasticity in the brain. The relevant proteins of the release machinery can thereby regulate the rate at which neural circuits represent sensory input, providing a novel mechanism to control the learning rate and onset. Appropriately timing of the onset of Hebbian plasticity is important because during early development sensory experience fine-tunes, often irreversibly, the neural wiring in our brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marijn B. Martens
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| | - Tansu Celikel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neurophysiology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Paul H. E. Tiesinga
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Neuroscience, Department of Neuroinformatics, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Mendelsohn AI, Simon CM, Abbott LF, Mentis GZ, Jessell TM. Activity Regulates the Incidence of Heteronymous Sensory-Motor Connections. Neuron 2015; 87:111-23. [PMID: 26094608 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2015.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2015] [Revised: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The construction of spinal sensory-motor circuits involves the selection of appropriate synaptic partners and the allocation of precise synaptic input densities. Many aspects of spinal sensory-motor selectivity appear to be preserved when peripheral sensory activation is blocked, which has led to a view that sensory-motor circuits are assembled in an activity-independent manner. Yet it remains unclear whether activity-dependent refinement has a role in the establishment of connections between sensory afferents and those motor pools that have synergistic biomechanical functions. We show here that genetically abolishing central sensory-motor neurotransmission leads to a selective enhancement in the number and density of such "heteronymous" connections, whereas other aspects of sensory-motor connectivity are preserved. Spike-timing-dependent synaptic refinement represents one possible mechanism for the changes in connectivity observed after activity blockade. Our findings therefore reveal that sensory activity does have a limited and selective role in the establishment of patterned monosynaptic sensory-motor connections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alana I Mendelsohn
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Christian M Simon
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - L F Abbott
- Center for Theoretical Neuroscience, Departments of Physiology and Neuroscience, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - George Z Mentis
- Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Thomas M Jessell
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Kavli Institute for Brain Science, Zuckerman Mind Brain Behavior Institute, Departments of Neuroscience and Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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15
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Kirkby LA, Sack GS, Firl A, Feller MB. A role for correlated spontaneous activity in the assembly of neural circuits. Neuron 2014; 80:1129-44. [PMID: 24314725 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Before the onset of sensory transduction, developing neural circuits spontaneously generate correlated activity in distinct spatial and temporal patterns. During this period of patterned activity, sensory maps develop and initial coarse connections are refined, which are critical steps in the establishment of adult neural circuits. Over the last decade, there has been substantial evidence that altering the pattern of spontaneous activity disrupts refinement, but the mechanistic understanding of this process remains incomplete. In this review, we discuss recent experimental and theoretical progress toward the process of activity-dependent refinement, focusing on circuits in the visual, auditory, and motor systems. Although many outstanding questions remain, the combination of several novel approaches has brought us closer to a comprehensive understanding of how complex neural circuits are established by patterned spontaneous activity during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lowry A Kirkby
- Biophysics Graduate Group, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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16
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Abstract
Throughout development, the nervous system produces patterned spontaneous activity. Research over the past two decades has revealed a core group of mechanisms that mediate spontaneous activity in diverse circuits. Many circuits engage several of these mechanisms sequentially to accommodate developmental changes in connectivity. In addition to shared mechanisms, activity propagates through developing circuits and neuronal pathways (i.e., linked circuits in different brain areas) in stereotypic patterns. Increasing evidence suggests that spontaneous network activity shapes synaptic development in vivo Variations in activity-dependent plasticity may explain how similar mechanisms and patterns of activity can be employed to establish diverse circuits. Here, I will review common mechanisms and patterns of spontaneous activity in emerging neural networks and discuss recent insights into their contribution to synaptic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Kerschensteiner
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA Hope Center for Neurological Disorders, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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17
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Xu J, Yu L, Rowland BA, Stanford TR, Stein BE. Noise-rearing disrupts the maturation of multisensory integration. Eur J Neurosci 2013; 39:602-13. [PMID: 24251451 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 10/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is commonly believed that the ability to integrate information from different senses develops according to associative learning principles as neurons acquire experience with co-active cross-modal inputs. However, previous studies have not distinguished between requirements for co-activation versus co-variation. To determine whether cross-modal co-activation is sufficient for this purpose in visual-auditory superior colliculus (SC) neurons, animals were reared in constant omnidirectional noise. By masking most spatiotemporally discrete auditory experiences, the noise created a sensory landscape that decoupled stimulus co-activation and co-variance. Although a near-normal complement of visual-auditory SC neurons developed, the vast majority could not engage in multisensory integration, revealing that visual-auditory co-activation was insufficient for this purpose. That experience with co-varying stimuli is required for multisensory maturation is consistent with the role of the SC in detecting and locating biologically significant events, but it also seems likely that this is a general requirement for multisensory maturation throughout the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinghong Xu
- Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
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18
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Kurth S, Achermann P, Rusterholz T, Lebourgeois MK. Development of Brain EEG Connectivity across Early Childhood: Does Sleep Play a Role? Brain Sci 2013; 3:1445-60. [PMID: 24535935 PMCID: PMC3925344 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci3041445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2013] [Revised: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sleep has beneficial effects on brain function and learning, which are reflected in plastic changes in the cortex. Early childhood is a time of rapid maturation in fundamental skills-e.g., language, cognitive control, working memory-that are predictive of future functioning. Little is currently known about the interactions between sleep and brain maturation during this developmental period. We propose coherent electroencephalogram (EEG) activity during sleep may provide unique insight into maturational processes of functional brain connectivity. Longitudinal sleep EEG assessments were performed in eight healthy subjects at ages 2, 3 and 5 years. Sleep EEG coherence increased across development in a region- and frequency-specific manner. Moreover, although connectivity primarily decreased intra-hemispherically across a night of sleep, an inter-hemispheric overnight increase occurred in the frequency range of slow waves (0.8-2 Hz), theta (4.8-7.8 Hz) and sleep spindles (10-14 Hz), with connectivity changes of up to 20% across a night of sleep. These findings indicate sleep EEG coherence reflects processes of brain maturation-i.e., programmed unfolding of neuronal networks-and moreover, sleep-related alterations of brain connectivity during the sensitive maturational window of early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salome Kurth
- Sleep and Development Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Peter Achermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Section of Chronobiology and Sleep Research, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland; ; Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland ; Neuroscience Center Zurich, ETH and University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Rusterholz
- Sleep and Development Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.); (T.R.)
| | - Monique K Lebourgeois
- Sleep and Development Laboratory, Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; (S.K.); (T.R.)
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19
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Spike-Timing-dependent plasticity and short-term plasticity jointly control the excitation of Hebbian plasticity without weight constraints in neural networks. COMPUTATIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 2012:968272. [PMID: 23365563 PMCID: PMC3546465 DOI: 10.1155/2012/968272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Hebbian plasticity precisely describes how synapses increase their synaptic strengths according to the correlated activities between two neurons; however, it fails to explain how these activities dilute the strength of the same synapses. Recent literature has proposed spike-timing-dependent plasticity and short-term plasticity on multiple dynamic stochastic synapses that can control synaptic excitation and remove many user-defined constraints. Under this hypothesis, a network model was implemented giving more computational power to receptors, and the behavior at a synapse was defined by the collective dynamic activities of stochastic receptors. An experiment was conducted to analyze can spike-timing-dependent plasticity interplay with short-term plasticity to balance the excitation of the Hebbian neurons without weight constraints? If so what underline mechanisms help neurons to maintain such excitation in computational environment? According to our results both plasticity mechanisms work together to balance the excitation of the neural network as our neurons stabilized its weights for Poisson inputs with mean firing rates from 10 Hz to 40 Hz. The behavior generated by the two neurons was similar to the behavior discussed under synaptic redistribution, so that synaptic weights were stabilized while there was a continuous increase of presynaptic probability of release and higher turnover rate of postsynaptic receptors.
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20
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Markram H, Gerstner W, Sjöström PJ. Spike-timing-dependent plasticity: a comprehensive overview. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2012; 4:2. [PMID: 22807913 PMCID: PMC3395004 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2012.00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Markram
- Brain Mind Institute Life Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland
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21
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Zhang J, Ackman JB, Xu HP, Crair MC. Visual map development depends on the temporal pattern of binocular activity in mice. Nat Neurosci 2011; 15:298-307. [PMID: 22179110 PMCID: PMC3267873 DOI: 10.1038/nn.3007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Binocular competition is thought to drive eye-specific segregation in the developing visual system, potentially through Hebbian synaptic learning rules that are sensitive to correlations in afferent activity. Altering retinal activity can disrupt eye-specific segregation, but little is known about the temporal features of binocular activity that modulate visual map development. We used optogenetic techniques to directly manipulate retinal activity in vivo and identified a critical period before eye opening in mice when specific binocular features of retinal activity drive visual map development. Synchronous activation of both eyes disrupted segregation, whereas asynchronous stimulation enhanced segregation. The optogenetic stimulus applied was spatially homogenous, and accordingly retinotopy of ipsilateral projections was dramatically perturbed, but contralateral retinotopy was unaffected or even improved. These results provide direct evidence that the synchrony and precise temporal pattern of binocular retinal activity during a critical period in development regulates eye-specific segregation and retinotopy in the developing visual system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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22
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Abstract
Neocortical neurons in vivo process each of their individual inputs in the context of ongoing synaptic background activity, produced by the thousands of presynaptic partners a typical neuron has. Previous work has shown that background activity affects multiple aspects of neuronal and network function. However, its effect on the induction of spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP) is not clear. Here we report that injections of simulated background conductances (produced by a dynamic-clamp system) into pyramidal cells in rat brain slices selectively reduced the magnitude of timing-dependent synaptic potentiation while leaving the magnitude of timing-dependent synaptic depression unchanged. The conductance-dependent suppression also sharpened the STDP curve, with reliable synaptic potentiation induced only when EPSPs and action potentials (APs) were paired within 8 ms of each other. Dual somatic and dendritic patch recordings suggested that the deficit in synaptic potentiation arose from shunting of dendritic EPSPs and APs. Using a biophysically detailed computational model, we were not only able to replicate the conductance-dependent shunting of dendritic potentials, but show that synaptic background can truncate calcium dynamics within dendritic spines in a way that affects potentiation more strongly than depression. This conductance-dependent regulation of synaptic plasticity may constitute a novel homeostatic mechanism that can prevent the runaway synaptic potentiation to which Hebbian networks are vulnerable.
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