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Bocci T, Ferrara R, Albizzati T, Averna A, Guidetti M, Marceglia S, Priori A. Asymmetries of the subthalamic activity in Parkinson's disease: phase-amplitude coupling among local field potentials. Brain Commun 2024; 6:fcae201. [PMID: 38894949 PMCID: PMC11184348 DOI: 10.1093/braincomms/fcae201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
The role of brain asymmetries of dopaminergic neurons in motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease is still undefined. Local field recordings from the subthalamic nucleus revealed some neurophysiological biomarkers of the disease: increased beta activity, increased low-frequency activity and high-frequency oscillations. Phase-amplitude coupling coordinates the timing of neuronal activity and allows determining the mechanism for communication within distinct regions of the brain. In this study, we discuss the use of phase-amplitude coupling to assess the differences between the two hemispheres in a cohort of 24 patients with Parkinson's disease before and after levodopa administration. Subthalamic low- (12-20 Hz) and high-beta (20-30 Hz) oscillations were compared with low- (30-45 Hz), medium- (70-100 Hz) and high-frequency (260-360 Hz) bands. We found a significant beta-phase-amplitude coupling asymmetry between left and right and an opposite-side-dependent effect of the pharmacological treatment, which is associated with the reduction of motor symptoms. In particular, high coupling between high frequencies and high-beta oscillations was found during the OFF condition (P < 0.01) and a low coupling during the ON state (P < 0.0001) when the right subthalamus was assessed; exactly the opposite happened when the left subthalamus was considered in the analysis, showing a lower coupling between high frequencies and high-beta oscillations during the OFF condition (P < 0.01), followed by a higher one during the ON state (P < 0.01). Interestingly, these asymmetries are independent of the motor onset side, either left or right. These findings have important implications for neural signals that may be used to trigger adaptive deep brain stimulation in Parkinson's and could provide more exhaustive insights into subthalamic dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Bocci
- ‘Aldo Ravelli’ Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Rosanna Ferrara
- ‘Aldo Ravelli’ Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Tommaso Albizzati
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
| | - Alberto Averna
- Department of Neurology, Bern University Hospital and University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Guidetti
- ‘Aldo Ravelli’ Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Marceglia
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, 34127 Friuli-Venezia Giulia, Italy
- Newronika S.r.l., 20093 Cologno Monzese, Italy
| | - Alberto Priori
- ‘Aldo Ravelli’ Research Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Neurotherapeutics, Department of Health Sciences, University of Milan, 20142 Milan, Italy
- III Neurology Clinic, ASST-Santi Paolo e Carlo University Hospital, 20142 Milan, Italy
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Belloso-Iguerategui A, Zamarbide M, Merino-Galan L, Rodríguez-Chinchilla T, Gago B, Santamaria E, Fernández-Irigoyen J, Cotman CW, Prieto GA, Quiroga-Varela A, Rodríguez-Oroz MC. Hippocampal synaptic failure is an early event in experimental parkinsonism with subtle cognitive deficit. Brain 2023; 146:4949-4963. [PMID: 37403195 PMCID: PMC10690043 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Learning and memory mainly rely on correct synaptic function in the hippocampus and other brain regions. In Parkinson's disease, subtle cognitive deficits may even precede motor signs early in the disease. Hence, we set out to unravel the earliest hippocampal synaptic alterations associated with human α-synuclein overexpression prior to and soon after the appearance of cognitive deficits in a parkinsonism model. We bilaterally injected adeno-associated viral vectors encoding A53T-mutated human α-synuclein into the substantia nigra of rats, and evaluated them 1, 2, 4 and 16 weeks post-inoculation by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence to study degeneration and distribution of α-synuclein in the midbrain and hippocampus. The object location test was used to evaluate hippocampal-dependent memory. Sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectrometry-based proteomics and fluorescence analysis of single-synapse long-term potentiation were used to study alterations to protein composition and plasticity in isolated hippocampal synapses. The effect of L-DOPA and pramipexole on long-term potentiation was also tested. Human α-synuclein was found within dopaminergic and glutamatergic neurons of the ventral tegmental area, and in dopaminergic, glutamatergic and GABAergic axon terminals in the hippocampus from 1 week post-inoculation, concomitant with mild dopaminergic degeneration in the ventral tegmental area. In the hippocampus, differential expression of proteins involved in synaptic vesicle cycling, neurotransmitter release and receptor trafficking, together with impaired long-term potentiation were the first events observed (1 week post-inoculation), preceding cognitive deficits (4 weeks post-inoculation). Later on, at 16 weeks post-inoculation, there was a deregulation of proteins involved in synaptic function, particularly those involved in the regulation of membrane potential, ion balance and receptor signalling. Hippocampal long-term potentiation was impaired before and soon after the onset of cognitive deficits, at 1 and 4 weeks post-inoculation, respectively. L-DOPA recovered hippocampal long-term potentiation more efficiently at 4 weeks post-inoculation than pramipexole, which partially rescued it at both time points. Overall, we found impaired synaptic plasticity and proteome dysregulation at hippocampal terminals to be the first events that contribute to the development of cognitive deficits in experimental parkinsonism. Our results not only point to dopaminergic but also to glutamatergic and GABAergic dysfunction, highlighting the relevance of the three neurotransmitter systems in the ventral tegmental area-hippocampus interaction from the earliest stages of parkinsonism. The proteins identified in the current work may constitute potential biomarkers of early synaptic damage in the hippocampus and hence, therapies targeting these could potentially restore early synaptic malfunction and consequently, cognitive deficits in Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marta Zamarbide
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leyre Merino-Galan
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neuroscience Department, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), 48940 Leioa, Spain
| | | | - Belén Gago
- Faculty of Medicine, IBIMA Plataforma BIONAND, Universidad de Málaga, 29016 Málaga, Spain
| | - Enrique Santamaria
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Area, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Joaquín Fernández-Irigoyen
- Clinical Neuroproteomics Unit, Proteomics Platform, Proteored-ISCIII, Navarrabiomed, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra (CHN), Universidad Pública de Navarra (UPNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Area, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Carl W Cotman
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - G Aleph Prieto
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California-Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
- Instituto de Neurobiología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 76010 Querétaro, México
| | - Ana Quiroga-Varela
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Area, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - María Cruz Rodríguez-Oroz
- Neuroscience Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Universidad de Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Area, Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra (CUN), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Zeljkovic Jovanovic M, Stanojevic J, Stevanovic I, Stekic A, Bolland SJ, Jasnic N, Ninkovic M, Zaric Kontic M, Ilic TV, Rodger J, Nedeljkovic N, Dragic M. Intermittent Theta Burst Stimulation Improves Motor and Behavioral Dysfunction through Modulation of NMDA Receptor Subunit Composition in Experimental Model of Parkinson's Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1525. [PMID: 37296646 PMCID: PMC10252812 DOI: 10.3390/cells12111525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic system, leading to a variety of motor and nonmotor symptoms. The currently available symptomatic therapy loses efficacy over time, indicating the need for new therapeutic approaches. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) has emerged as one of the potential candidates for PD therapy. Intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS), an excitatory protocol of rTMS, has been shown to be beneficial in several animal models of neurodegeneration, including PD. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of prolonged iTBS on motor performance and behavior and the possible association with changes in the NMDAR subunit composition in the 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced experimental model of PD. Two-month-old male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: controls, 6-OHDA rats, 6-OHDA + iTBS protocol (two times/day/three weeks) and the sham group. The therapeutic effect of iTBS was evaluated by examining motor coordination, balance, spontaneous forelimb use, exploratory behavior, anxiety-like, depressive/anhedonic-like behavior and short-term memory, histopathological changes and changes at the molecular level. We demonstrated the positive effects of iTBS at both motor and behavioral levels. In addition, the beneficial effects were reflected in reduced degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and a subsequent increase in the level of DA in the caudoputamen. Finally, iTBS altered protein expression and NMDAR subunit composition, suggesting a sustained effect. Applied early in the disease course, the iTBS protocol may be a promising candidate for early-stage PD therapy, affecting motor and nonmotor deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milica Zeljkovic Jovanovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stanojevic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Stevanovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andjela Stekic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Samuel J. Bolland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nebojsa Jasnic
- Department for Comparative Physiology and Ecophysiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Ninkovic
- Institute for Medical Research, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marina Zaric Kontic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Endocrinology, Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences-National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tihomir V. Ilic
- Medical Faculty of Military Medical Academy, University of Defense, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jennifer Rodger
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
- Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Nadezda Nedeljkovic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Dragic
- Laboratory for Neurobiology, Department for General Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
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Constantin IM, Voruz P, Péron JA. Moderating effects of uric acid and sex on cognition and psychiatric symptoms in asymmetric Parkinson's disease. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:26. [PMID: 37143121 PMCID: PMC10157998 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00510-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-motor symptoms are an important early feature of Parkinson's disease (PD), encompassing a variety of cognitive and psychiatric symptoms that seem to manifest differently depending on motor symptom asymmetry. Different factors, such as uric acid (UA) and sex, seem to influence cognitive and psychiatric expression in PD, however their interplay remains to be better understood. METHODS Participants taking part in the Parkinson's Progression Marker Initiative were studied based on the side of motor symptom asymmetry and sex. Three-way interaction modeling was used to examine the moderating effects of sex and UA on cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms. RESULTS Significant three-way interactions were highlighted at 1-year follow-up between motor symptom asymmetry, UA and sex for immediate and long-term memory in female patients exhibiting predominantly left-sided motor symptoms, and for processing speed and sleepiness in female patients exhibiting predominantly right-sided motor symptoms. No significant interactions were observed for male patients. Moreover, female patients exhibiting predominantly right-sided motor symptoms demonstrated lower serum UA concentrations and had overall better outcomes, while male patients with predominantly right-sided motor symptoms demonstrated particularly poor outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that in the earliest stages of the disease, UA and sex moderate cognitive functions and psychiatric symptoms differently depending on motor asymmetry, holding important clinical implications for symptom management in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioana Medeleine Constantin
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40 Bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Voruz
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40 Bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Julie Anne Péron
- Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, 40 Bd du Pont d'Arve, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
- Neurology Department, Geneva University Hospitals, 4 Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1205, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Jeong SH, Park CW, Lee HS, Kim YJ, Yun M, Lee PH, Sohn YH, Chung SJ. Patterns of striatal dopamine depletion and motor deficits in de novo Parkinson's disease. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2023; 130:19-28. [PMID: 36462096 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-022-02571-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Abstract
The background of this study is to investigate whether striatal dopamine depletion patterns (selective involvement in the sensorimotor striatum or asymmetry) are associated with motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). We enrolled 404 drug-naïve patients with early stage PD who underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) imaging. After quantifying DAT availability in each striatal sub-region, principal component (PC) analysis was conducted to yield PCs representing the spatial patterns of striatal dopamine depletion. Subsequently, multivariate linear regression analysis was conducted to investigate the relationship between striatal dopamine depletion patterns and motor deficits assessed using the Unified PD Rating Scale Part III (UPDRS-III). Mediation analyses were used to evaluate whether dopamine deficiency in the posterior putamen mediated the association between striatal dopamine depletion patterns and parkinsonian motor deficits. Three PCs indicated patterns of striatal dopamine depletion: PC1 (overall striatal dopamine deficiency), PC2 (selective dopamine loss in the sensorimotor striatum), and PC3 (symmetric dopamine loss in the striatum). Multivariate linear regression analysis revealed that PC1 (β = - 1.605, p < 0.001) and PC2 (β = 3.201, p < 0.001) were associated with motor deficits (i.e., higher UPDRS-III scores in subjects with severe dopamine depletion throughout the whole striatum or more selective dopamine loss in the sensorimotor striatum), whereas PC3 was not (β = - 0.016, p = 0.992). Mediation analyses demonstrated that the effects of PC1 and PC2 on UPDRS-III scores were indirectly mediated by DAT availability in the posterior putamen, with a non-significant direct effect. Dopamine deficiency in the posterior putamen was most relevant to the severity of motor deficits in patients with PD, while the spatial patterns of striatal dopamine depletion were not a key determinant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Jeong
- Department of Neurology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chan Wook Park
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Physiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yun Joong Kim
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, South Korea.,YONSEI BEYOND LAB, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Mijin Yun
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, 363 Dongbaekjukjeon-daero Giheung-gu, Yongin-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16995, South Korea. .,YONSEI BEYOND LAB, Yongin, South Korea.
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6
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Jeong SH, Lee EC, Chung SJ, Lee HS, Jung JH, Sohn YH, Seong JK, Lee PH. Local striatal volume and motor reserve in drug-naïve Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:168. [PMID: 36470876 PMCID: PMC9722895 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00429-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor reserve (MR) may explain why individuals with similar pathological changes show marked differences in motor deficits in Parkinson's disease (PD). In this study, we investigated whether estimated individual MR was linked to local striatal volume (LSV) in PD. We analyzed data obtained from 333 patients with drug naïve PD who underwent dopamine transporter scans and high-resolution 3-tesla T1-weighted structural magnetic resonance images. Using a residual model, we estimated individual MRs on the basis of initial UPDRS-III score and striatal dopamine depletion. We performed a correlation analysis between MR estimates and LSV. Furthermore, we assessed the effect of LSV, which is correlated with MR estimates, on the longitudinal increase in the levodopa-equivalent dose (LED) during the 4-year follow-up period using a linear mixed model. After controlling for intracranial volume, there was a significant positive correlation between LSV and MR estimates in the bilateral caudate, anterior putamen, and ventro-posterior putamen. The linear mixed model showed that the large local volume of anterior and ventro-posterior putamen was associated with the low requirement of LED initially and accelerated LED increment thereafter. The present study demonstrated that LSV is crucial to MR in early-stage PD, suggesting LSV as a neural correlate of MR in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong Ho Jeong
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.411627.70000 0004 0647 4151Department of Neurology, Inje University Sanggye Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun-Chong Lee
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seok Jong Chung
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.413046.40000 0004 0439 4086Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, South Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Ho Jung
- grid.411625.50000 0004 0647 1102Department of Neurology, Inje University Busan Paik Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young H. Sohn
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joon-Kyung Seong
- grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678School of Biomedical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.222754.40000 0001 0840 2678Department of Artificial Intelligence, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea ,grid.15444.300000 0004 0470 5454Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Cerebral metabolic pattern associated with progressive parkinsonism in non-human primates reveals early cortical hypometabolism. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 167:105669. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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8
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Creed RB, Memon AA, Komaragiri SP, Barodia SK, Goldberg MS. Analysis of hemisphere-dependent effects of unilateral intrastriatal injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils on mitochondrial protein levels, dynamics, and function. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2022; 10:78. [PMID: 35606853 PMCID: PMC9125944 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-022-01374-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic and neuropathological evidence strongly implicates aberrant forms of α-synuclein in neurodegeneration. Antibodies specific for α-synuclein phosphorylated at serine 129 (pS129) are selective for the pathological protein aggregates that are characteristic of Parkinson's disease (PD) and other synucleinopathies, such as dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) and multiple system atrophy (MSA). Although the etiology of most synucleinopathies remains uncertain, a large body of evidence points to mitochondrial dysfunction. The recent development of animal models based on intracranial injection of α-synuclein pre-formed fibrils (PFFs) has provided a valuable experimental system in which to study the spread and neurotoxicity of α-synuclein aggregates, yet the effects of PFF-induced protein aggregates on mitochondrial function and dynamics have not been rigorously examined in vivo. To help fill this knowledge gap, we injected the striatum of mice unilaterally with well-characterized small length (< 30 nm) PFFs or monomeric α-synuclein control and measured the distribution and extent of pS129 α-synuclein-immunoreactive aggregates, the loss of tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons in the substantia nigra, the abundance of mitochondrial proteins, and the activity of mitochondrial respiratory chain components at 3 months and 6 months post injection. Intrastriatal injection of small length PFFs, but not monomeric α-synuclein control, induced robust pS129 α-synuclein immunoreactive inclusions in the cortex, ventral midbrain, and striatum, as well as in rarely reported brain regions, such as the hippocampus, as early as 3 months post injection. Significant loss of nigral tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons was observed in the PFF-injected hemisphere at 3 months and 6 months post injection. The unilateral striatal injection of small length PFFs also caused hemisphere-dependent and treatment-dependent changes in the cortical levels of mitochondrial proteins such as VDAC1, COX-IV, and DRP-1, as well as functional changes in mitochondrial complex I activity in the contralateral striatum. Together, these data demonstrate that intrastriatal injection of mice with small length PFFs induces extensive bilateral protein aggregates, significant unilateral nigral cell loss, and altered contralateral levels of mitochondrial proteins and respiratory chain activity. Our data suggest this animal model may be useful for studying the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in α-synucleinopathies, for studying the hemisphere-dependent effects of α-synuclein aggregates, and for testing neuroprotective therapies that target mitochondrial dysfunction and protein aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose B Creed
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Adeel A Memon
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Neuroengineering Ph.D. Program, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sindhu P Komaragiri
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Sandeep K Barodia
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Matthew S Goldberg
- Center for Neurodegeneration and Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Neurology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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9
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Wianny F, Dzahini K, Fifel K, Wilson CRE, Bernat A, Dolmazon V, Misery P, Lamy C, Giroud P, Cooper HM, Knoblauch K, Procyk E, Kennedy H, Savatier P, Dehay C, Vezoli J. Induced Cognitive Impairments Reversed by Grafts of Neural Precursors: A Longitudinal Study in a Macaque Model of Parkinson's Disease. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2022; 9:e2103827. [PMID: 35137562 PMCID: PMC8981458 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202103827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) evolves over an extended and variable period in humans; years prior to the onset of classical motor symptoms, sleep and biological rhythm disorders develop, significantly impacting the quality-of-life of patients. Circadian-rhythm disorders are accompanied by mild cognitive deficits that progressively worsen with disease progression and can constitute a severe burden for patients at later stages. The gold-standard 6-methyl-1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP) macaque model of PD recapitulates the progression of motor and nonmotor symptoms over contracted periods of time. Here, this multidisciplinary/multiparametric study follows, in five animals, the steady progression of motor and nonmotor symptoms and describes their reversal following grafts of neural precursors in diverse functional domains of the basal ganglia. Results show unprecedented recovery from cognitive symptoms in addition to a strong clinical motor recuperation. Both motor and cognitive recovery and partial circadian rhythm recovery correlate with the degree of graft integration, and in a subset of animals, with in vivo levels of striatal dopaminergic innervation and function. The present study provides empirical evidence that integration of neural precursors following transplantation efficiently restores function at multiple levels in parkinsonian nonhuman primates and, given interindividuality of disease progression and recovery, underlines the importance of longitudinal multidisciplinary assessments in view of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Wianny
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Kwamivi Dzahini
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Karim Fifel
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Present address: International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI‐IIIS)University of TsukubaTsukubaIbaraki305‐8575Japan
| | - Charles Robert Eden Wilson
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Agnieszka Bernat
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Present address: Laboratory of Molecular DiagnosticsDepartment of BiotechnologyInter‐collegiate Faculty of BiotechnologyUniversity of Gdańsk and Medical University of GdańskGdańsk80‐307Poland
- Present address: Laboratory of Experimental EmbryologyInstitute of Genetics and Animal BiotechnologyPolish Academy of SciencesWarsaw05‐552Poland
| | - Virginie Dolmazon
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Pierre Misery
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Camille Lamy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Pascale Giroud
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Howard Michael Cooper
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Kenneth Knoblauch
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- National Centre for OpticsVision and Eye CareFaculty of Health and Social SciencesUniversity College of Southeast NorwayKongsbergN‐3603Norway
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
| | - Henry Kennedy
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Institute of NeuroscienceState Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceChinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Primate NeurobiologyShanghai200031China
| | - Pierre Savatier
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Colette Dehay
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- PrimastemBron69500France
| | - Julien Vezoli
- Univ Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1Inserm U1208Stem Cell and Brain Research InstituteBron69500France
- Ernst Strüngmann Institute (ESI) for Neuroscience in Cooperation with Max Planck SocietyFrankfurt60528Germany
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10
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Castillo-Barnes D, Jimenez-Mesa C, Martinez-Murcia FJ, Salas-Gonzalez D, Ramírez J, Górriz JM. Quantifying Differences Between Affine and Nonlinear Spatial Normalization of FP-CIT Spect Images. Int J Neural Syst 2022; 32:2250019. [PMID: 35313792 DOI: 10.1142/s0129065722500198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Spatial normalization helps us to compare quantitatively two or more input brain scans. Although using an affine normalization approach preserves the anatomical structures, the neuroimaging field is more common to find works that make use of nonlinear transformations. The main reason is that they facilitate a voxel-wise comparison, not only when studying functional images but also when comparing MRI scans given that they fit better to a reference template. However, the amount of bias introduced by the nonlinear transformations can potentially alter the final outcome of a diagnosis especially when studying functional scans for neurological disorders like Parkinson's Disease. In this context, we have tried to quantify the bias introduced by the affine and the nonlinear spatial registration of FP-CIT SPECT volumes of healthy control subjects and patients with PD. For that purpose, we calculated the deformation fields of each participant and applied these deformation fields to a 3D-grid. As the space between the edges of small cubes comprising the grid change, we can quantify which parts from the brain have been enlarged, compressed or just remain the same. When the nonlinear approach is applied, scans from PD patients show a region near their striatum very similar in shape to that of healthy subjects. This artificially increases the interclass separation between patients with PD and healthy subjects as the local intensity is decreased in the latter region, and leads machine learning systems to biased results due to the artificial information introduced by these deformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Castillo-Barnes
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Carmen Jimenez-Mesa
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Francisco J Martinez-Murcia
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Diego Salas-Gonzalez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Ramírez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M Górriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, 18071 Granada, Spain.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Cambridge, Herchel Smith Buidling for Brain & Mind Sciences, Forvie Site Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, UK
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11
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Dana S, Ghaedi K, Peymani M, Esfahani MHN. MiR-141-3p Expression Profiling in MPP Treated Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells: A Model of Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROCHEM J+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1819712422010056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Del Rey NLG, Trigo-Damas I, Obeso JA, Cavada C, Blesa J. Neuron types in the primate striatum: stereological analysis of projection neurons and interneurons in control and parkinsonian monkeys. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2022; 48:e12812. [PMID: 35274336 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The striatum is mainly composed of projection neurons. It also contains interneurons, which modulate and control striatal output. The aim of the present study was to assess the percentages of projection neurons and interneuron populations in the striatum of control monkeys and of parkinsonian monkeys. METHODS Unbiased stereology was used to estimate the volume density of every neuron population in the caudate, putamen and ventral striatum of control monkeys and of monkeys treated with MPTP, which results in striatal dopamine depletion. The various neuron population phenotypes were identified by immunohistochemistry. All analyses were performed within the same subjects using similar processing and analysis parameters, thus allowing for reliable data comparisons. RESULTS In control monkeys, the projection neurons, which express the Dopamine-and-cAMP-Regulated-Phosphoprotein, 32-KDa (DARPP-32), were the most abundant: ~86% of the total neurons counted. The interneurons accounted for the remaining 14%. Among the interneurons, those expressing Calretinin were the most abundant (Cr+: ~57%; ~8% of the total striatal neurons counted), followed those expressing Parvalbumin (Pv+: ~18 %; 2.6%), Dinucleotide Phosphate-Diaphorase (NADPH+: ~13 %; 1.8%), Choline Acetyltransferase (ChAT+: ~11%; 1.5%) and Tyrosine Hydroxylase (TH+: ~0.5%; 0.1%). No significant changes in volume densities occurred in any population following dopamine depletion, except for the TH+ interneurons, which increased in parkinsonian non-symptomatic monkeys and even more in symptomatic monkeys. CONCLUSIONS These data are relevant for translational studies targeting specific neuron populations of the striatum. The fact that dopaminergic denervation does not cause neuron loss in any population has potential pathophysiological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-González Del Rey
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - J A Obeso
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Cavada
- PhD Program in Neuroscience Autónoma de Madrid University-Cajal Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, School of Medicine, Autónoma de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, Madrid, Spain.,CIBERNED (Center for Networked Biomedical Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Bastos P, Barbosa R. Motor reserve: How to build neuronal resilience against ageing and neurodegeneration? Rev Neurol (Paris) 2022; 178:845-854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neurol.2021.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 11/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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14
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Zhang L, Shen Q, Liao H, Li J, Wang T, Zi Y, Zhou F, Song C, Mao Z, Wang M, Cai S, Tan C. Aberrant Changes in Cortical Complexity in Right-Onset Versus Left-Onset Parkinson's Disease in Early-Stage. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:749606. [PMID: 34819848 PMCID: PMC8606890 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.749606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence to show that motor symptom lateralization in Parkinson’s disease (PD) is linked to non-motor features, progression, and prognosis of the disease. However, few studies have reported the difference in cortical complexity between patients with left-onset of PD (LPD) and right-onset of PD (RPD). This study aimed to investigate the differences in the cortical complexity between early-stage LPD and RPD. High-resolution T1-weighted magnetic resonance images of the brain were acquired in 24 patients with LPD, 34 patients with RPD, and 37 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs). Cortical complexity including gyrification index, fractal dimension (FD), and sulcal depth was analyzed using surface-based morphometry via CAT12/SPM12. Familywise error (FWE) peak-level correction at p < 0.05 was performed for significance testing. In patients with RPD, we found decreased mean FD and mean sulcal depth in the banks of the left superior temporal sulcus (STS) compared with LPD and HCs. The mean FD in the left superior temporal gyrus (STG) was decreased in RPD compared with HCs. However, in patients with LPD, we did not identify significantly abnormal cortical complex change compared with HCs. Moreover, we observed that the mean FD in STG was negatively correlated with the 17-item Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) among the three groups. Our findings support the specific influence of asymmetrical motor symptoms in cortical complexity in early-stage PD and reveal that the banks of left STS and left STG might play a crucial role in RPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qin Shen
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Haiyan Liao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Junli Li
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuheng Zi
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Chendie Song
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhenni Mao
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Min Wang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Sainan Cai
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Changlian Tan
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
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15
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Iyer V, Venkiteswaran K, Savaliya S, Lieu CA, Handly E, Gilmour TP, Kunselman AR, Subramanian T. The cross-hemispheric nigrostriatal pathway prevents the expression of levodopa-induced dyskinesias. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 159:105491. [PMID: 34461264 PMCID: PMC8597404 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative movement disorder that is routinely treated with levodopa. Unfortunately, long-term dopamine replacement therapy using levodopa leads to levodopa-induced dyskinesias (LID), a significant and disabling side-effect. Clinical findings indicate that LID typically only occurs following the progression of PD motor symptoms from the unilateral (Hoehn and Yahr (HY) Stage I) to the bilateral stage (HY Stage II). This suggests the presence of some compensatory interhemispheric mechanisms that delay the occurrence of LID. We therefore investigated the role of interhemispheric connections of the nigrostriatal pathway on LID expression in a rat model of PD. The striatum of one hemisphere of rats was first injected with a retrograde tracer to label the ipsi- and cross-hemispheric nigrostriatal pathways. Rats were then split into groups and unilaterally lesioned in the striatum or medial forebrain bundle of the tracer-injected hemisphere to induce varying levels of hemiparkinsonism. Finally, rats were treated with levodopa and tested for the expression of LID. Distinct subsets emerged from rats that underwent the same lesioning paradigm based on LID. Strikingly, non-dyskinetic rats had significant sparing of their cross-hemispheric nigrostriatal pathway projecting from the unlesioned hemisphere. In contrast, dyskinetic rats only had a small proportion of this cross-hemispheric nigrostriatal pathway survive lesioning. Crucially, both non-dyskinetic and dyskinetic rats had nearly identical levels of ipsi-hemispheric nigrostriatal pathway survival and parkinsonian motor deficits. Our data suggest that the survival of the cross-hemispheric nigrostriatal pathway plays a crucial role in preventing the expression of LID and represents a potentially novel target to halt the progression of this devastating side-effect of a common anti-PD therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakh Iyer
- Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Kala Venkiteswaran
- Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Sandip Savaliya
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher A Lieu
- Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Erin Handly
- Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Timothy P Gilmour
- Department of Electrical Engineering, John Brown University, Siloam Springs, AR, United States of America
| | - Allen R Kunselman
- Department of Public Health Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America
| | - Thyagarajan Subramanian
- Department of Neurology and Neural and Behavioral Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, United States of America.
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16
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Goelman G, Dan R, Růžička F, Bezdicek O, Jech R. Asymmetry of the insula-sensorimotor circuit in Parkinson's disease. Eur J Neurosci 2021; 54:6267-6280. [PMID: 34449938 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) experience motor and non-motor symptoms, suggesting alterations of the motor and/or limbic system or more probably of their communications. We hypothesized that the communication between the insula (part of the limbic system) and sensorimotor cortex in PD is altered and hemispheric asymmetric. Furthermore, that this asymmetry relates to non-motor symptoms, and specifically, that apathy-related asymmetry is unique to PD. To test these hypotheses, we used a novel multivariate time-frequency analysis method applied to resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 28 controls and 25 participants with PD measured in their OFF medication state. The analysis infers directionality of coupling, that is, afferent or efferent, among four anatomical regions, thus defining directed pathways of information flow, which enables the extension of symmetry measures to include directionality. A major right asymmetry reduction of the dorsal-posterior insula efferent and a slight bilateral increase of insula afferent pathways were observed in participants with PD versus controls. Between-group pathways that correlated with mild cognitive impairments combined the central-executive and default-mode networks through the right insula. Apathy-correlated pathways of the posterior insula in participants with PD versus controls exhibited reduced right efferent and increased left afferent. Because apathy scores were comparable between the groups and effects of the other motor and non-motor symptoms were statistically removed by the analysis, the differences in apathy-correlated pathways were suggested as unique to PD. These pathways could be predictors in the pre-symptomatic phase in patients with apathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gadi Goelman
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Rotem Dan
- Department of Neurology, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel.,Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences (ELSC), The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Filip Růžička
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Bezdicek
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Robert Jech
- Department of Neurology and Center of Clinical Neuroscience, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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17
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Characterization of the Striatal Extracellular Matrix in a Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071095. [PMID: 34356328 PMCID: PMC8301085 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease’s etiology is unknown, although evidence suggests the involvement of oxidative modifications of intracellular components in disease pathobiology. Despite the known involvement of the extracellular matrix in physiology and disease, the influence of oxidative stress on the matrix has been neglected. The chemical modifications that might accumulate in matrix components due to their long half-live and the low amount of extracellular antioxidants could also contribute to the disease and explain ineffective cellular therapies. The enriched striatal extracellular matrix from a mouse model of Parkinson’s disease was characterized by Raman spectroscopy. We found a matrix fingerprint of increased oxalate content and oxidative modifications. To uncover the effects of these changes on brain cells, we morphologically characterized the primary microglia used to repopulate this matrix and further quantified the effects on cellular mechanical stress by an intracellular fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET)-mechanosensor using the U-2 OS cell line. Our data suggest changes in microglia survival and morphology, and a decrease in cytoskeletal tension in response to the modified matrix from both hemispheres of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-lesioned animals. Collectively, these data suggest that the extracellular matrix is modified, and underscore the need for its thorough investigation, which may reveal new ways to improve therapies or may even reveal new therapies.
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18
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Kamagata K, Andica C, Kato A, Saito Y, Uchida W, Hatano T, Lukies M, Ogawa T, Takeshige-Amano H, Akashi T, Hagiwara A, Fujita S, Aoki S. Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Based Biomarkers for Neurodegenerative Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105216. [PMID: 34069159 PMCID: PMC8155849 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been an increasing prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases with the rapid increase in aging societies worldwide. Biomarkers that can be used to detect pathological changes before the development of severe neuronal loss and consequently facilitate early intervention with disease-modifying therapeutic modalities are therefore urgently needed. Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a promising tool that can be used to infer microstructural characteristics of the brain, such as microstructural integrity and complexity, as well as axonal density, order, and myelination, through the utilization of water molecules that are diffused within the tissue, with displacement at the micron scale. Diffusion tensor imaging is the most commonly used diffusion MRI technique to assess the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative diseases. However, diffusion tensor imaging has several limitations, and new technologies, including neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, diffusion kurtosis imaging, and free-water imaging, have been recently developed as approaches to overcome these constraints. This review provides an overview of these technologies and their potential as biomarkers for the early diagnosis and disease progression of major neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koji Kamagata
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Christina Andica
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Ayumi Kato
- Department of Multidisciplinary Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, Yonago 683-8504, Japan;
| | - Yuya Saito
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Wataru Uchida
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Taku Hatano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.H.); (T.O.); (H.T.-A.)
| | - Matthew Lukies
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia;
| | - Takashi Ogawa
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.H.); (T.O.); (H.T.-A.)
| | - Haruka Takeshige-Amano
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (T.H.); (T.O.); (H.T.-A.)
| | - Toshiaki Akashi
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Akifumi Hagiwara
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Shohei Fujita
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
| | - Shigeki Aoki
- Department of Radiology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (C.A.); (Y.S.); (W.U.); (T.A.); (A.H.); (S.F.); (S.A.)
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19
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Tang CC, Holtbernd F, Ma Y, Spetsieris P, Oh A, Fink GR, Timmermann L, Eggers C, Eidelberg D. Hemispheric Network Expression in Parkinson's Disease: Relationship to Dopaminergic Asymmetries. JOURNAL OF PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 10:1737-1749. [PMID: 32925097 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-202117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by brain metabolic networks, specifically associated with motor and cognitive manifestations. Few studies have investigated network changes in cerebral hemispheres ipsilateral and contralateral to the clinically more affected body side. OBJECTIVE We examined hemispheric network abnormalities and their relationship to striatal dopaminergic deficits in PD patients at different stages. METHODS 45 PD patients underwent dual-tracer positron emission tomography (PET) with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) and 18F-fluorodopa (FDOPA) in a high-resolution PET scanner. In all patients, we computed expression levels for the PD-related motor/cognition metabolic patterns (PDRP/PDCP) as well as putamen/caudate FDOPA uptake values in both hemispheres. Resulting hemispheric measures in the PD group were compared with corresponding healthy control values and assessed across disease stages. RESULTS Hemispheric PDRP and PDCP expression was significantly elevated contralateral and ipsilateral to the more affected body side in patients with unilateral symptoms (H&Y 1: p < 0.01) and in patients with bilateral limb involvement (H&Y 2-3: p < 0.001; H&Y 4: p < 0.003). Elevations in pattern expression were symmetrical at all disease stages. By contrast, FDOPA uptake in the caudate and putamen was reduced bilaterally (p < 0.002), with lower values on both sides at more advanced disease stages. Hemispheric uptake was asymmetrical in both striatal regions, with lower contralateral values at all disease stages. The magnitude of hemispheric uptake asymmetry was smaller with more advanced disease, reflecting greater change ipsilaterally. CONCLUSION Symmetrical network expression in PD represents bilateral functional effects unrelated to nigrostriatal dopaminergic asymmetries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris C Tang
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Florian Holtbernd
- RWTH Aachen University, Department of Neurology, Aachen, Germany.,JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Juelich Research Centre and RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine 4 (INM-4), Juelich Research Centre, Juelich, Germany
| | - Yilong Ma
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Phoebe Spetsieris
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Alice Oh
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Gereon R Fink
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.,Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany
| | - Lars Timmermann
- Cognitive Neuroscience, Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-3), Jülich Research Centre, Jülich, Germany.,Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Giessen and Marburg, Marburg, Germany.,Center for Mind, Brain and Behavior, Universities Marburg and Giessen, Marburg, Germany
| | - David Eidelberg
- Center for Neurosciences, The Feinstein Institutes for Medical Research, Manhasset, NY, USA
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20
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Pingale T, Gupta GL. Classic and evolving animal models in Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2020; 199:173060. [PMID: 33091373 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2020.173060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease with motor and non-motor symptoms. PD is characterized by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) and deficiency of dopamine in the striatal region. The primary objective in PD research is to understand the pathogenesis, targets, and development of therapeutic interventions to control the progress of the disease. The anatomical and physiological resemblances between humans and animals gathered the researcher's attention towards the use of animals in PD research. Due to varying age of onset, symptoms, and progression rate, PD becomes heterogeneous which demands the variety of animal models to study diverse features of the disease. Parkinson is a multifactorial disorder, selection of models become important as not a single model shows all the biochemical features of the disease. Currently, conventional pharmacological, neurotoxin-induced, genetically modified and cellular models are available for PD research, but none of them recapitulate all the biochemical characteristics of the disease. In this review, we included the updated knowledge on the main features of currently available in vivo and in vitro models as well as their strengths and weaknesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanvi Pingale
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India
| | - Girdhari Lal Gupta
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400 056, India; School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM'S NMIMS, Shirpur, Maharashtra, India.
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21
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Reduced Interhemispheric Coherence after Cerebellar Vermis Output Perturbation. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10090621. [PMID: 32911623 PMCID: PMC7563959 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10090621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Motor coordination and motor learning are well-known roles of the cerebellum. Recent evidence also supports the contribution of the cerebellum to the oscillatory activity of brain networks involved in a wide range of disorders. Kainate, a potent analog of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate, can be used to induce dystonia, a neurological movement disorder syndrome consisting of sustained or repetitive involuntary muscle contractions, when applied on the surface of the cerebellum. This research aims to study the interhemispheric cortical communication between the primary motor cortices after repeated kainate application on cerebellar vermis for five consecutive days, in mice. We recorded left and right primary motor cortices electrocorticograms and neck muscle electromyograms, and quantified the motor behavior abnormalities. The results indicated a reduced coherence between left and right motor cortices in low-frequency bands. In addition, we observed a phenomenon of long-lasting adaptation with a modification of the baseline interhemispheric coherence. Our research provides evidence that the cerebellum can control the flow of information along the cerebello-thalamo-cortical neural pathways and can influence interhemispheric communication. This phenomenon could function as a compensatory mechanism for impaired regional networks.
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22
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Chung SJ, Lee JJ, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Emerging Concepts of Motor Reserve in Parkinson's Disease. J Mov Disord 2020; 13:171-184. [PMID: 32854486 PMCID: PMC7502292 DOI: 10.14802/jmd.20029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of cognitive reserve (CR) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) explains the differences between individuals in their susceptibility to AD-related pathologies. An enhanced CR may lead to less cognitive deficits despite severe pathological lesions. Parkinson's disease (PD) is also a common neurodegenerative disease and is mainly characterized by motor dysfunction related to striatal dopaminergic depletion. The degree of motor deficits in PD is closely correlated to the degree of dopamine depletion; however, significant individual variations still exist. Therefore, we hypothesized that the presence of motor reserve (MR) in PD explains the individual differences in motor deficits despite similar levels of striatal dopamine depletion. Since 2015, we have performed a series of studies investigating MR in de novo patients with PD using the data of initial clinical presentation and dopamine transporter PET scan. In this review, we summarized the results of these published studies. In particular, some premorbid experiences (i.e., physical activity and education) and modifiable factors (i.e., body mass index and white matter hyperintensity on brain image studies) could modulate an individual's capacity to tolerate PD pathology, which can be maintained throughout disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Jong Chung
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University Health System, Yongin, Korea
| | - Jae Jung Lee
- Department of Neurology, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
| | - Phil Hyu Lee
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young H Sohn
- Department of Neurology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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23
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Castillo-Barnes D, Martinez-Murcia FJ, Ortiz A, Salas-Gonzalez D, RamÍrez J, Górriz JM. Morphological Characterization of Functional Brain Imaging by Isosurface Analysis in Parkinson’s Disease. Int J Neural Syst 2020; 30:2050044. [DOI: 10.1142/s0129065720500446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Finding new biomarkers to model Parkinson’s Disease (PD) is a challenge not only to help discerning between Healthy Control (HC) subjects and patients with potential PD but also as a way to measure quantitatively the loss of dopaminergic neurons mainly concentrated at substantia nigra. Within this context, this work presented here tries to provide a set of imaging features based on morphological characteristics extracted from I[Formula: see text]-Ioflupane SPECT scans to discern between HC and PD participants in a balanced set of [Formula: see text] scans from Parkinson’s Progression Markers Initiative (PPMI) database. These features, obtained from isosurfaces of each scan at different intensity levels, have been classified through the use of classical Machine Learning classifiers such as Support-Vector-Machines (SVM) or Naïve Bayesian and compared with the results obtained using a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP). The proposed system, based on a Mann–Whitney–Wilcoxon U-Test for feature selection and the SVM approach, yielded a [Formula: see text] balanced accuracy when the performance was evaluated using a [Formula: see text]-fold cross-validation. This proves the reliability of these biomarkers, especially those related to sphericity, center of mass, number of vertices, 2D-projected perimeter or the 2D-projected eccentricity, among others, but including both internal and external isosurfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Castillo-Barnes
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, Granada 18071, Spain
| | | | - Andres Ortiz
- Department of Communications Engineering, University of Malaga, Bulevar Louis Pasteur 35, Malaga 29071, Spain
| | - Diego Salas-Gonzalez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Javier RamÍrez
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, Granada 18071, Spain
| | - Juan M. Górriz
- Department of Signal Theory, Telematics and Communications, University of Granada, Periodista Daniel Saucedo Aranda, Granada 18071, Spain
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24
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Chung SJ, Lee HS, Yoo HS, Lee YH, Lee PH, Sohn YH. Patterns of striatal dopamine depletion in early Parkinson disease. Neurology 2020; 95:e280-e290. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000009878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo investigate whether the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion on dopamine transporter (DAT) scans could provide information on the long-term prognosis in Parkinson disease (PD).MethodsWe enrolled 205 drug-naive patients with early-stage PD, who underwent18F-FP-CIT PET scans at initial assessment and received PD medications for 3 or more years. After quantifying the DAT availability in each striatal subregion, factor analysis was conducted to simplify the identification of striatal dopamine depletion patterns and to yield 4 striatal subregion factors. We assessed the effect of these factors on the development of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID), wearing-off, freezing of gait (FOG), and dementia during the follow-up period (6.84 ± 1.80 years).ResultsThe 4 factors indicated which striatal subregions were relatively preserved: factor 1 (caudate), factor 2 (more-affected sensorimotor striatum), factor 3 (less-affected sensorimotor striatum), and factor 4 (anterior putamen). Cox regression analyses using the composite scores of these striatal subregion factors as covariates demonstrated that selective dopamine depletion in the sensorimotor striatum was associated with a higher risk for developing LID. Selective dopamine loss in the putamen, particularly in the anterior putamen, was associated with early development of wearing-off. Selective involvement of the anterior putamen was associated with a higher risk for dementia conversion. However, the patterns of striatal dopamine depletion did not affect the risk of FOG.ConclusionsThese findings suggested that the patterns of striatal dopaminergic denervation, which were estimated by the equation derived from the factor analysis, have a prognostic implication in patients with early-stage PD.
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25
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Cao R, Chen X, Xie C, Hu P, Wang K. Serial Dopamine Transporter Imaging of Nigrostriatal Function in Parkinson's Disease With Probable REM Sleep Behavior Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:349. [PMID: 32425747 PMCID: PMC7205005 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to confirm whether probable rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (pRBD) is associated with a specific pattern of striatal dopamine depletion in an international, multicenter, prospective cohort of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Two hundred and seventy de novo, drug-naïve patients with PD underwent dopamine transporter (DAT) single photon emission computed tomography with 123I-FP-CIT at baseline and 1, 2, and 4 years after the initial scan. The diagnosis of pRBD was based on the 10-item RBD Screening Questionnaire. Striatal DAT binding levels and their rates of decline were compared between patients with pRBD and those without. At baseline, patients in the PD-pRBD+ group showed lower striatal DAT binding in the caudate (which was more pronounced in the less-affected hemisphere) and in the putamen. During the 4-year follow-up, patients in the PD-pRBD+ group consistently exhibited greater DAT loss than patients in the PD-pRBD- group with comparable disease duration in all four striatal subregions. These patients also exhibited a more rapid decrease in DAT binding in the caudate and a less prominent interhemispheric asymmetry in the putamen. The distinct pattern of striatal DAT depletion may contribute to a more malignant phenotype of PD associated with RBD, specifically faster progression of motor symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Cao
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Xingui Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Chengjuan Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Panpan Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Collaborative Innovation Centre of Neuropsychiatric Disorder and Mental Health, Hefei, China.,Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Cognition and Neuropsychiatric Disorders, Hefei, China
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26
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Nejm MB, Guimarães-Marques MJ, Oliveira LF, Damasceno L, Andersen ML, Tufik S, Fonseca F, Olszewer E, Leça R, de Almeida ACG, Scorza FA, Scorza CA. Assessment of vitamin D and inflammatory markers profile in cardiac tissue on Parkinson disease animal model. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 72:296-304. [PMID: 32124387 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00074-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiovascular dysfunctions are common non-motor symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) that can result in reduced quality of life and even death. Research in animal models designed to characterize the pathological association between PD and cardiovascular abnormalities is still in its infancy. This study assessed the early impact of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic damage on cardiological features in the unilateral 6-OHDA rat model of PD. METHODS Male Wistar rats received unilateral intrastriatal injections of 6-OHDA and sham rats were injected with saline. Animals were studied 15 days later. Immunohistochemistry was used for visualization of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neurons in the nigrostriatal system. Electrocardiogram recordings of heart rate were performed in conscious rats. Heart levels of vitamin D, inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein were assessed through electrochemiluminescence immunoassay, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and turbidimetric method, respectively. RESULTS We found a post-injury reduction of TH-immunoreactivity of approximately 45% in the substantia nigra pars compacta and 20% in the striatum. Heart rate reduction was found in 6-OHDA-lesioned rats as compared with sham counterparts. Reduced levels of vitamin D and increased levels of inflammatory factors (C-reactive protein, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β) were detected in the heart tissue of PD rats in comparison with sham. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a link between cardiac tissue changes and cardiac functional changes early after the central dopaminergic damage induced by 6-OHDA. Knowledge of the cardiac abnormalities in the 6-OHDA model is critical in identifying future therapeutic targets and disease-modifying approaches for PD non-motor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Bocca Nejm
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcia Jonathas Guimarães-Marques
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Leandro Freitas Oliveira
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Laís Damasceno
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Monica L Andersen
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernando Fonseca
- Laboratório de Análises Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
- Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas da, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP, Brazil
| | - Efrain Olszewer
- Fundação de Apoio à Pesquisa e Estudo na Área de Saúde (FAPES), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Renato Leça
- Departamento de Cirurgia II, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlo G de Almeida
- Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ), São João Del Rei, MG, Brazil
| | - Fulvio Alexandre Scorza
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Alessandra Scorza
- Departamento de Neurologia/Neurociência, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-Escola Paulista de Medicina (UNIFESP/EPM), Av. Pedro de Toledo, 699, 1º andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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27
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Jastrzębowska MA, Marquis R, Melie-García L, Lutti A, Kherif F, Herzog MH, Draganski B. Dopaminergic modulation of motor network compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 40:4397-4416. [PMID: 31291039 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The dopaminergic system has a unique gating function in the initiation and execution of movements. When the interhemispheric imbalance of dopamine inherent to the healthy brain is disrupted, as in Parkinson's disease (PD), compensatory mechanisms act to stave off behavioral changes. It has been proposed that two such compensatory mechanisms may be (a) a decrease in motor lateralization, observed in drug-naïve PD patients and (b) reduced inhibition - increased facilitation. Seeking to investigate the differential effect of dopamine depletion and subsequent substitution on compensatory mechanisms in non-drug-naïve PD, we studied 10 PD patients and 16 healthy controls, with patients undergoing two test sessions - "ON" and "OFF" medication. Using a simple visually-cued motor response task and fMRI, we investigated cortical motor activation - in terms of laterality, contra- and ipsilateral percent BOLD signal change and effective connectivity in the parametric empirical Bayes framework. We found that decreased motor lateralization persists in non-drug-naïve PD and is concurrent with decreased contralateral activation in the cortical motor network. Normal lateralization is not reinstated by dopamine substitution. In terms of effective connectivity, disease-related changes primarily affect ipsilaterally-lateralized homotopic cortical motor connections, while medication-related changes affect contralaterally-lateralized homotopic connections. Our findings suggest that, in non-drug-naïve PD, decreased lateralization is no longer an adaptive cortical mechanism, but rather the result of maladaptive changes, related to disease progression and long-term dopamine replacement. These findings highlight the need for the development of noninvasive therapies, which would promote the adaptive mechanisms of the PD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya A Jastrzębowska
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Renaud Marquis
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- EEG and Epilepsy Unit, University Hospital of Geneva and Faculty of Medicine, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Lester Melie-García
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferath Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michael H Herzog
- Laboratory of Psychophysics, Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging (LREN), Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Son HJ, Han SH, Lee JA, Shin EJ, Hwang O. Potential repositioning of exemestane as a neuroprotective agent for Parkinson's disease. Free Radic Res 2018; 51:633-645. [PMID: 28770670 DOI: 10.1080/10715762.2017.1353688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by selective degeneration of the nigral dopaminergic neurons, and neuroinflammation and oxidative stress are believed to be involved in its pathogenesis. In the present study, we provide data that the synthetic steroid exemestane, which is currently being used to treat breast cancer, may be useful for PD therapy. In BV-2 microglial cells, exemestane activated the transcription factor Nrf2 and induced expression of the Nrf2-dependent genes that encode the antioxidant enzymes NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1, haem oxygenase-1, and glutamylcysteine ligase. It also downregulated gene expression of inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase, lowered the levels of NO and reactive oxygen species, interleukin-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α in lipopolysaccharide-activated microglial cells. In CATH.a dopaminergic neuronal cells, exemestane also induced the same set of Nrf2-dependent antioxidant enzyme genes and provided neuroprotection against oxidative damage. In vivo, the drug protected the nigral dopaminergic neurons, decreased microglial activation, and prevented motor deficits in C57Bl/6 male mice that had been administered with the dopaminergic neurotoxin MPTP. Taken together, the results suggested a utility of repositioning exemestane towards disease-modifying therapy for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jin Son
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Se Hee Han
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ji Ae Lee
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Shin
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Onyou Hwang
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , University of Ulsan College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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29
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Weilnau JN, Carcella MA, Miner KM, Bhatia TN, Hutchison DF, Pant DB, Nouraei N, Leak RK. Evidence for cross-hemispheric preconditioning in experimental Parkinson's disease. Brain Struct Funct 2018; 223:1255-1273. [PMID: 29103154 PMCID: PMC11061878 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1552-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dopamine loss and motor deficits in Parkinson's disease typically commence unilaterally and remain asymmetric for many years, raising the possibility that endogenous defenses slow the cross-hemispheric transmission of pathology. It is well-established that the biological response to subtoxic stress prepares cells to survive subsequent toxic challenges, a phenomenon known as preconditioning, tolerance, or stress adaptation. Here we demonstrate that unilateral striatal infusions of the oxidative toxicant 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) precondition the contralateral nigrostriatal pathway against the toxicity of a second 6-OHDA infusion in the opposite hemisphere. 6-OHDA-induced loss of dopaminergic terminals in the contralateral striatum was ablated by cross-hemispheric preconditioning, as shown by two independent markers of the dopaminergic phenotype, each measured by two blinded observers. Similarly, loss of dopaminergic somata in the contralateral substantia nigra was also abolished, according to two blinded measurements. Motor asymmetries in floor landings, forelimb contacts with a wall, and spontaneous turning behavior were consistent with these histological observations. Unilateral 6-OHDA infusions increased phosphorylation of the kinase ERK2 and expression of the antioxidant enzyme CuZn superoxide dismutase in both striata, consistent with our previous mechanistic work showing that these two proteins mediate preconditioning in dopaminergic cells. These findings support the existence of cross-hemispheric preconditioning in Parkinson's disease and suggest that dopaminergic neurons mount impressive natural defenses, despite their reputation as being vulnerable to oxidative injury. If these results generalize to humans, Parkinson's pathology may progress slowly and asymmetrically because exposure to a disease-precipitating insult induces bilateral upregulation of endogenous defenses and elicits cross-hemispheric preconditioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin N Weilnau
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Michael A Carcella
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Kristin M Miner
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Tarun N Bhatia
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Daniel F Hutchison
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Deepti B Pant
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Negin Nouraei
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA
| | - Rehana K Leak
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Duquesne University, 407 Mellon Hall, 600 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15282, USA.
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30
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Neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging of the nigrostriatal pathway in Parkinson's disease: Retrograde degeneration observed by tract-profile analysis. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2018. [PMID: 29525556 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2018.02.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease (PD) is marked by the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the nigrostriatal pathway (NSP). We aimed to identify the microstructural changes in the NSP of PD patients using neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI). METHODS NSPs of 29 PD patients, who were retrospectively selected from patients previously admitted to our institution, and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were isolated via deterministic tractography. The NODDI indices, intracellular volume fraction (Vic), orientation dispersion index (OD), and isotropic volume fraction (Viso) were compared between the two groups. The significant results were assessed with a tract-profile analysis. The correlation between indices and disease duration or motor symptom severity was evaluated with the Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS The contralateral distal Vic (p = 0.00028) of the nigrostriatal pathway was significantly lower in PD patients than in healthy controls. No correlations were detected between any of the indices and disease duration or motor symptom severity. CONCLUSIONS NODDI can be used to identify retrograde degeneration of the NSP in PD patients and might be useful for monitoring the disease progression of PD.
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Blesa J, Trigo-Damas I, Dileone M, Del Rey NLG, Hernandez LF, Obeso JA. Compensatory mechanisms in Parkinson's disease: Circuits adaptations and role in disease modification. Exp Neurol 2017; 298:148-161. [PMID: 28987461 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The motor features of Parkinson's disease (PD) are well known to manifest only when striatal dopaminergic deficit reaches 60-70%. Thus, PD has a long pre-symptomatic and pre-motor evolution during which compensatory mechanisms take place to delay the clinical onset of disabling manifestations. Classic compensatory mechanisms have been attributed to changes and adjustments in the nigro-striatal system, such as increased neuronal activity in the substantia nigra pars compacta and enhanced dopamine synthesis and release in the striatum. However, it is not so clear currently that such changes occur early enough to account for the pre-symptomatic period. Other possible mechanisms relate to changes in basal ganglia and motor cortical circuits including the cerebellum. However, data from early PD patients are difficult to obtain as most studies have been carried out once the diagnosis and treatments have been established. Likewise, putative compensatory mechanisms taking place throughout disease evolution are nearly impossible to distinguish by themselves. Here, we review the evidence for the role of the best known and other possible compensatory mechanisms in PD. We also discuss the possibility that, although beneficial in practical terms, compensation could also play a deleterious role in disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michele Dileone
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Lopez-Gonzalez Del Rey
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ledia F Hernandez
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José A Obeso
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Biomedical Research Center of Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Instituto Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Quiroga-Varela A, Aguilar E, Iglesias E, Obeso JA, Marin C. Short- and long-term effects induced by repeated 6-OHDA intraventricular administration: A new progressive and bilateral rodent model of Parkinson's disease. Neuroscience 2017; 361:144-156. [PMID: 28823819 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The pathological hallmark of Parkinson's disease (PD) is the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc), and the resulting striatal dopamine deficiency, which are responsible for the classic motor features. Although a diagnosis of PD relies on the clinical effects of dopamine deficiency, this disease is also associated with other neurotransmitter deficits that are recognized as causing various motor and non-motor symptoms. However, the cause of dopaminergic nigral neurodegeneration in PD and the underlying mechanisms remain unknown. While animal models are considered valuable tools with which to investigate dopaminergic cell vulnerability, rodent models usually fail to mimic the neurodegeneration progression that occurs in human PD. To find a convenient rat model for studying the progression of dopaminergic cell degeneration and motor signs, we have developed a progressive rodent model using a repeated daily, intraventricular administration of the neurotoxin 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) (100µg/day) in awakened rats for 1 to 10 consecutive days. The short- (6-day) and long-term (32-day) progression of motor alterations was studied. This model leads to a bilateral and progressive increase in catalepsy (evident from the 3rd infusion in the short-term groups (p<0.01) and from the 7th infusion in the long-term groups (p<0.01), which was associated with a progressive nigrostriatal dopaminergic deficit. All together this makes the new model an interesting experimental tool to investigate the mechanisms involved in the progression of dopaminergic neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quiroga-Varela
- Movement Disorders Laboratory, Neurosciences Area, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - E Aguilar
- Laboratori de Neurologia Experimental, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Iglesias
- Movement Disorders Laboratory, Neurosciences Area, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - J A Obeso
- Movement Disorders Laboratory, Neurosciences Area, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | - C Marin
- INGENIO, IRCE, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain.
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Bhatnagar M, Goel I, Roy T, Shukla SD, Khurana S. Complete Comparison Display (CCD) evaluation of ethanol extracts of Centella asiatica and Withania somnifera shows that they can non-synergistically ameliorate biochemical and behavioural damages in MPTP induced Parkinson's model of mice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177254. [PMID: 28510600 PMCID: PMC5433711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease remains as one of the most common debilitating neurodegenerative disorders. With the hopes of finding agents that can cure or reduce the pace of progression of the disease, we studied two traditional medicinal plants: Centella asiatica and Withania somnifera that have been explored in some recent studies. In agreement with the previous work on ethanol extracts of these two plants in mice model, we saw an improvement in oxidative stress profile as well as behavioral performance in 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) induced Parkinson-like symptoms in Balb/c mice. Given the known potential of both the herbal extracts in improving Parkinson-like symptoms, we expected the combination of the two to show better results than either of the two but surprisingly there was no additivity in either oxidative stress or behavioural recovery. In fact, in some assays, the combination performed worse than either of the two individual constituents. This effect of mixtures highlights the need of testing mixtures in supplements market using enthomedicine. The necessity of comparing multiple groups in this study to get most information from the experiments motivated us to design a ladder-like visualization to show comparison with different groups that we call complete comparison display (CCD). In summary, we show the potential of Centella asiatica and Withania somnifera to ameliorate Parkinson's disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maheep Bhatnagar
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ishan Goel
- Pharmacology Department, Central Drug Research Institute - Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tathagato Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata, Haringhata Farm, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunil Dutt Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Mohanlal Sukhadia University, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- Government Meera Girl's College, Udaipur, Rajasthan, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (SK)
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Pharmacology Department, Central Drug Research Institute - Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research - Kolkata, Haringhata Farm, West Bengal, India
- * E-mail: (SS); (SK)
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Non-human primate models of PD to test novel therapies. J Neural Transm (Vienna) 2017; 125:291-324. [PMID: 28391443 DOI: 10.1007/s00702-017-1722-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Non-human primate (NHP) models of Parkinson disease show many similarities with the human disease. They are very useful to test novel pharmacotherapies as reviewed here. The various NHP models of this disease are described with their characteristics including the macaque, the marmoset, and the squirrel monkey models. Lesion-induced and genetic models are described. There is no drug to slow, delay, stop, or cure Parkinson disease; available treatments are symptomatic. The dopamine precursor, L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-Dopa) still remains the gold standard symptomatic treatment of Parkinson. However, involuntary movements termed L-Dopa-induced dyskinesias appear in most patients after chronic treatment and may become disabling. Dyskinesias are very difficult to manage and there is only amantadine approved providing only a modest benefit. In this respect, NHP models have been useful to seek new drug targets, since they reproduce motor complications observed in parkinsonian patients. Therapies to treat motor symptoms in NHP models are reviewed with a discussion of their translational value to humans. Disease-modifying treatments tested in NHP are reviewed as well as surgical treatments. Many biochemical changes in the brain of post-mortem Parkinson disease patients with dyskinesias are reviewed and compare well with those observed in NHP models. Non-motor symptoms can be categorized into psychiatric, autonomic, and sensory symptoms. These symptoms are present in most parkinsonian patients and are already installed many years before the pre-motor phase of the disease. The translational usefulness of NHP models of Parkinson is discussed for non-motor symptoms.
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Garbayo E, Ansorena E, Lana H, Carmona-Abellan MDM, Marcilla I, Lanciego JL, Luquin MR, Blanco-Prieto MJ. Brain delivery of microencapsulated GDNF induces functional and structural recovery in parkinsonian monkeys. Biomaterials 2016; 110:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Mejias M, Yu J, Mackey S, Dinelle K, Sossi V, Doudet DJ. Interpreting DTBZ binding data in rodent: Inherent variability and compensation. Synapse 2016; 70:147-52. [PMID: 26749375 DOI: 10.1002/syn.21883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
[11C]-dihydrotetrabenazine (DTBZ) Positron Emission Tomography was used to evaluate the vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 as an index of dopaminergic function in the striatum of adult Sprague-Dawley rats obtained from two different animal sources (Charles River Laboratories [CR] or UBC's Animal Care Centre [ACC]) and later submitted to two different unilateral lesions of the nigro-striatal pathway. The results showed a significant difference in the striatal binding potential (BP(ND)) at baseline (before lesioning) between the CR and ACC groups providing evidence that the origin of the animals, possibly due to differences in early environmental factors or breeding conditions associated with different animal vendors plays a role in the development of the adult dopaminergic system. Further, in both animal models, an increase in DTBZ BP(ND) was observed, after unilateral intervention, in the striatum contralateral to the lesion, likely reflecting compensatory effects. Based on these findings, we conclude that in unilateral models, the unlesioned side/hemisphere may not be an appropriate control and that care should be taken to control for the origin of the animals in any given study, especially in longitudinal and replication studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mejias
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jing Yu
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Nuclear Medicine, Da Lian Medical University Affiliated Hospital No 2, China
| | - Scott Mackey
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Katie Dinelle
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Vesna Sossi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Doris J Doudet
- Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Jagmag SA, Tripathi N, Shukla SD, Maiti S, Khurana S. Evaluation of Models of Parkinson's Disease. Front Neurosci 2016; 9:503. [PMID: 26834536 PMCID: PMC4718050 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases. Animal models have contributed a large part to our understanding and therapeutics developed for treatment of PD. There are several more exhaustive reviews of literature that provide the initiated insights into the specific models; however a novel synthesis of the basic advantages and disadvantages of different models is much needed. Here we compare both neurotoxin based and genetic models while suggesting some novel avenues in PD modeling. We also highlight the problems faced and promises of all the mammalian models with the hope of providing a framework for comparison of various systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shail A Jagmag
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, India
| | - Naveen Tripathi
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, India
| | - Sunil D Shukla
- Department of Zoology, Government Meera Girl's College Udaipur, India
| | - Sankar Maiti
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, India
| | - Sukant Khurana
- Department of Biology, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, India
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PET imaging of dopamine transporters with [(18)F]FE-PE2I: Effects of anti-Parkinsonian drugs. Nucl Med Biol 2015; 43:158-64. [PMID: 26872440 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2015.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to assess the striatal [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding and the immunohistochemical stain of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the striatum, and to evaluate the effects of therapeutic drugs on [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding. METHODS Dynamic PET/CT of [(18)F]FE-PE2I was performed in Parkinson's disease (PD) rat models, induced by the unilateral injection of 6-OHDA into the striatum. A simplified reference tissue model method was used to calculate the striatal binding potential (striatal BPND). Each of the four normal rats was pretreated with pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram 30 min before [(18)F]FE-PE2I injection. The effect of L-DOPA combined with benserazide was assessed in the normal and PD rats. RESULTS The BPND was significantly lower in the lesioned striatum than in the striatum of the normal rats. After the pretreatment with pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram, the values of the striatal BPND did not differ from those of the controls. The pretreatment with L-DOPA/benserazide, however, significantly reduced the striatal BPND. The striatal BPND of the PD rats with L-DOPA/benserazide pretreatment was not different from that of the same PD rats with placebo treatment. CONCLUSION [(18)F]FE-PE2I may be used as a radioligand for the in-vivo imaging of the DAT. In the normal rats, [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding is unaffected by pramipexole, amantadine, and escitalopram. L-DOPA/benserazide does not affect the striatal [(18)F]FE-PE2I binding in PD rats.
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Blesa J, Przedborski S. Parkinson's disease: animal models and dopaminergic cell vulnerability. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:155. [PMID: 25565980 PMCID: PMC4266040 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 330] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 11/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that affects about 1.5% of the global population over 65 years of age. A hallmark feature of PD is the degeneration of the dopamine (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the consequent striatal DA deficiency. Yet, the pathogenesis of PD remains unclear. Despite tremendous growth in recent years in our knowledge of the molecular basis of PD and the molecular pathways of cell death, important questions remain, such as: (1) why are SNc cells especially vulnerable; (2) which mechanisms underlie progressive SNc cell loss; and (3) what do Lewy bodies or α-synuclein reveal about disease progression. Understanding the variable vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons from the midbrain and the mechanisms whereby pathology becomes widespread are some of the primary objectives of research in PD. Animal models are the best tools to study the pathogenesis of PD. The identification of PD-related genes has led to the development of genetic PD models as an alternative to the classical toxin-based ones, but does the dopaminergic neuronal loss in actual animal models adequately recapitulate that of the human disease? The selection of a particular animal model is very important for the specific goals of the different experiments. In this review, we provide a summary of our current knowledge about the different in vivo models of PD that are used in relation to the vulnerability of the dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain in the pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javier Blesa
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Center for Motor Neuron Biology and Disease, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia UniversityNew York, NY, USA
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Brichta L, Greengard P. Molecular determinants of selective dopaminergic vulnerability in Parkinson's disease: an update. Front Neuroanat 2014; 8:152. [PMID: 25565977 PMCID: PMC4266033 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2014.00152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous disorders of the central nervous system (CNS) are attributed to the selective death of distinct neuronal cell populations. Interestingly, in many of these conditions, a specific subset of neurons is extremely prone to degeneration while other, very similar neurons are less affected or even spared for many years. In Parkinson’s disease (PD), the motor manifestations are primarily linked to the selective, progressive loss of dopaminergic (DA) neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). In contrast, the very similar DA neurons in the ventral tegmental area (VTA) demonstrate a much lower degree of degeneration. Elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the phenomenon of differential DA vulnerability in PD has proven extremely challenging. Moreover, an increasing number of studies demonstrate that considerable molecular and electrophysiologic heterogeneity exists among the DA neurons within the SNpc as well as those within the VTA, adding yet another layer of complexity to the selective DA vulnerability observed in PD. The discovery of key pathways that regulate this differential susceptibility of DA neurons to degeneration holds great potential for the discovery of novel drug targets and the development of promising neuroprotective treatment strategies. This review provides an update on the molecular basis of the differential vulnerability of midbrain DA neurons in PD and highlights the most recent developments in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Brichta
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul Greengard
- Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, The Rockefeller University New York, NY, USA
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Boonstra TA, Schouten AC, van Vugt JPP, Bloem BR, van der Kooij H. Parkinson's disease patients compensate for balance control asymmetry. J Neurophysiol 2014; 112:3227-39. [DOI: 10.1152/jn.00813.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In Parkinson's disease (PD) subtle balance abnormalities can already be detected in early-stage patients. One feature of impaired balance control in PD is asymmetry: one leg produces more corrective joint torque than the other. We hypothesize that in mild to moderately affected PD patients, the least impaired leg compensates for the more impaired leg. Twenty PD patients and eleven healthy matched control subjects participated. Clinical asymmetry was determined by the difference between the left and right body side scores on the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale. Balance was perturbed with two independent continuous multisine perturbations in the forward-backward direction. Subsequently, we applied closed-loop system identification, which determined the spectral estimate of the stabilizing mechanisms, for each leg. Balance control behavior was similar in PD patients and control subjects at the ankle, but at the hip stiffness was increased. Control subjects exhibited symmetric balance control, but in PD patients the balance contribution of the leg of the clinically least affected body side was higher whereas the leg of the clinically most affected body side contributed less. The ratio between the legs helped to preserve a normal motor output at the ankle. Our results suggest that PD patients compensate for balance control asymmetries by increasing the relative contribution of the leg of their least affected body side. This compensation appears to be successful at the ankle but is accompanied by an increased stiffness at the hip. We discuss the possible implications of these findings for postural stability and fall risk in PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. A. Boonstra
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomechanical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - A. C. Schouten
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomechanical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - J. P. P. van Vugt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Spectrum Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; and
| | - B. R. Bloem
- Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Department of Neurology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H. van der Kooij
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, University of Twente, MIRA Institute for Biomechanical Technology and Technical Medicine, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Department of Biomechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Vezoli J, Dzahini K, Costes N, Wilson CRE, Fifel K, Cooper HM, Kennedy H, Procyk E. Increased DAT binding in the early stage of the dopaminergic lesion: a longitudinal [11C]PE2I binding study in the MPTP-monkey. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:249-61. [PMID: 25108180 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The delayed appearance of motor symptoms in PD poses a crucial challenge for early detection of the disease. We measured the binding potential of the selective dopamine active transporter (DAT) radiotracer [(11)C]PE2I in MPTP-treated macaque monkeys, thus establishing a detailed profile of the nigrostriatal DA status following MPTP intoxication and its relation to induced motor and non-motor symptoms. Clinical score and cognitive performance were followed throughout the study. We measured longitudinally in vivo the non-displaceable binding potential to DAT in premotor, motor-recovered (i.e. both non-symptomatic) and symptomatic MPTP-treated monkeys. Results show an unexpected and pronounced dissociation between clinical scores and [(11)C]PE2I-BP(ND) during the premotor phase i.e. DAT binding in the striatum of premotor animals was increased around 20%. Importantly, this broad increase of DAT binding in the caudate, ventral striatum and anterior putamen was accompanied by i) deteriorated cognitive performance, showing a likely causal role of the observed hyperdopaminergic state (Cools, 2011; Cools and D'Esposito, 2011) and ii) an asymmetric decrease of DAT binding at a focal point of the posterior putamen, suggesting that increased DAT is one of the earliest, intrinsic compensatory mechanisms. Following spontaneous recovery from motor deficits, DAT binding was greatly reduced as recently shown in-vivo with other radiotracers (Blesa et al., 2010, 2012). Finally, high clinical scores were correlated to considerably low levels of DAT only after the induction of a stable parkinsonian state. We additionally show that the only striatal region which was significantly correlated to the degree of motor impairments is the ventral striatum. Further research on this period should allow better understanding of DA compensation at premature stages of PD and potentially identify new diagnosis and therapeutic index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Vezoli
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France.
| | - Kwamivi Dzahini
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France; Primastem (LifeStemCells), Bron, France
| | | | - Charles R E Wilson
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Karim Fifel
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Howard M Cooper
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Henry Kennedy
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Procyk
- INSERM U846, Stem Cell and Brain Research Institute, Bron, France; Université de Lyon, Université Lyon1, Lyon, France
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Molochnikov I, Cohen D. Hemispheric differences in the mesostriatal dopaminergic system. Front Syst Neurosci 2014; 8:110. [PMID: 24966817 PMCID: PMC4052732 DOI: 10.3389/fnsys.2014.00110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The mesostriatal dopaminergic system, which comprises the mesolimbic and the nigrostriatal pathways, plays a major role in neural processing underlying motor and limbic functions. Multiple reports suggest that these processes are influenced by hemispheric differences in striatal dopamine (DA) levels, DA turnover and its receptor activity. Here, we review studies which measured the concentration of DA and its metabolites to examine the relationship between DA imbalance and animal behavior under different conditions. Specifically, we assess evidence in support of endogenous, inter-hemispheric DA imbalance; determine whether the known anatomy provides a suitable substrate for this imbalance; examine the relationship between DA imbalance and animal behavior; and characterize the symmetry of the observed inter-hemispheric laterality in the nigrostriatal and the mesolimbic DA systems. We conclude that many studies provide supporting evidence for the occurrence of experience-dependent endogenous DA imbalance which is controlled by a dedicated regulatory/compensatory mechanism. Additionally, it seems that the link between DA imbalance and animal behavior is better characterized in the nigrostriatal than in the mesolimbic system. Nonetheless, a variety of brain and behavioral manipulations demonstrate that the nigrostriatal system displays symmetrical laterality whereas the mesolimbic system displays asymmetrical laterality which supports hemispheric specialization in rodents. The reciprocity of the relationship between DA imbalance and animal behavior (i.e., the capacity of animal training to alter DA imbalance for prolonged time periods) remains controversial, however, if confirmed, it may provide a valuable non-invasive therapeutic means for treating abnormal DA imbalance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilana Molochnikov
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Dana Cohen
- The Leslie and Susan Gonda Multidisciplinary Brain Research Center, Bar-Ilan University Ramat-Gan, Israel
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Assous M, Had-Aissouni L, Gubellini P, Melon C, Nafia I, Salin P, Kerkerian-Le-Goff L, Kachidian P. Progressive Parkinsonism by acute dysfunction of excitatory amino acid transporters in the rat substantia nigra. Neurobiol Dis 2014; 65:69-81. [PMID: 24480091 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2014.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by the progressive degeneration of substantia nigra (SN) dopamine neurons, involving a multifactorial cascade of pathogenic events. Here we explored the hypothesis that dysfunction of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAATs) might be involved. Acutely-induced dysfunction of EAATs in the rat SN, by single unilateral injection of their substrate inhibitor l-trans-pyrrolidine-2,4-dicarboxylate (PDC), triggers a neurodegenerative process mimicking several PD features. Dopamine neurons are selectively affected, consistent with their sustained excitation by PDC measured by slice electrophysiology. The anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine and the NMDA receptor antagonists ifenprodil and memantine provide neuroprotection. Besides oxidative stress and NMDA receptor-mediated excitotoxicity, glutathione depletion and neuroinflammation characterize the primary insult. Most interestingly, the degeneration progresses overtime with unilateral to bilateral and caudo-rostral evolution. Transient adaptive changes in dopamine function markers in SN and striatum accompany cell loss and axonal dystrophy, respectively. Motor deficits appear when neuron loss exceeds 50% in the most affected SN and striatal dopamine tone is dramatically reduced. These findings outline a functional link between EAAT dysfunction and several PD pathogenic mechanisms/pathological hallmarks, and provide a novel acutely-triggered model of progressive Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Assous
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Laurence Had-Aissouni
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Paolo Gubellini
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Christophe Melon
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Imane Nafia
- Fluofarma, 2 Rue Robert Escarpit, 33607, Pessac, France
| | - Pascal Salin
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France
| | - Lydia Kerkerian-Le-Goff
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France.
| | - Philippe Kachidian
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, IBDML, UMR7288, 13009, Case 907, Parc Scientifique de Luminy, 13009 Marseille, France.
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Ciucci MR, Schaser AJ, Russell JA. Exercise-induced rescue of tongue function without striatal dopamine sparing in a rat neurotoxin model of Parkinson disease. Behav Brain Res 2013; 252:239-45. [PMID: 23756136 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Unilateral lesions to the medial forebrain bundle with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lead to force and timing deficits during a complex licking task. We hypothesized that training targeting tongue force generation during licking would improve timing and force measures and also lead to striatal dopamine sparing. Nine month-old male Fisher344/Brown Norway rats were used in this experiment. Sixteen rats were in the control condition and received tongue exercise (n=8) or no exercise (n=8). Fourteen rats were in the 6-OHDA lesion condition and underwent tongue exercise (n=7) and or no exercise (n=7). Following 4 weeks of training and post-training measures, all animals underwent bilateral stimulation of the hypoglossal nerves to measure muscle contractile properties and were then transcardially perfused and brain tissues collected for immunohistochemistry to examine striatal dopamine content. Results demonstrated that exercise animals performed better for maximal force, average force, and press rate than their no-exercise counterparts, and the 6-OHDA animals that underwent exercise performed as well as the Control No Exercise group. Interestingly, there were no group differences for tetanic muscle force, despite behavioral recovery of forces. Additionally, behavioral and neurochemical analyses indicate that there were no differences in striatal dopamine. Thus, targeted exercise can improve tongue force and timing deficits related to 6-OHDA lesions and this exercise likely has a central, versus peripheral (muscle strength) mechanism. However, this mechanism is not related to sparing of striatal dopamine content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Ciucci
- Department of Surgery-Division of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 1975 Willow Drive, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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Blesa J, Pifl C, Sánchez-González MA, Juri C, García-Cabezas MA, Adánez R, Iglesias E, Collantes M, Peñuelas I, Sánchez-Hernández JJ, Rodríguez-Oroz MC, Avendaño C, Hornykiewicz O, Cavada C, Obeso JA. The nigrostriatal system in the presymptomatic and symptomatic stages in the MPTP monkey model: a PET, histological and biochemical study. Neurobiol Dis 2012; 48:79-91. [PMID: 22677034 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2012.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Revised: 05/20/2012] [Accepted: 05/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is diagnosed when striatal dopamine (DA) loss exceeds a certain threshold and the cardinal motor features become apparent. The presymptomatic compensatory mechanisms underlying the lack of motor manifestations despite progressive striatal depletion are not well understood. Most animal models of PD involve the induction of a severe dopaminergic deficit in an acute manner, which departs from the typical, chronic evolution of PD in humans. We have used 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) administered to monkeys via a slow intoxication protocol to produce a more gradual development of nigral lesion. Twelve control and 38 MPTP-intoxicated monkeys were divided into four groups. The latter included monkeys who were always asymptomatic, monkeys who recovered after showing mild parkinsonian signs, and monkeys with stable, moderate and severe parkinsonism. We found a close correlation between cell loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and striatal dopaminergic depletion and the four motor states. There was an overall negative correlation between the degree of parkinsonism (Kurlan scale) and in vivo PET ((18)F-DOPA K(i) and (11)C-DTBZ binding potential), as well as with TH-immunoreactive cell counts in SNc, striatal dopaminergic markers (TH, DAT and VMAT2) and striatal DA concentration. This intoxication protocol permits to establish a critical threshold of SNc cell loss and dopaminergic innervation distinguishing between the asymptomatic and symptomatic parkinsonian stages. Compensatory changes in nigrostriatal dopaminergic activity occurred in the recovered and parkinsonian monkeys when DA depletion was at least 88% of control, and accordingly may be considered too late to explain compensatory mechanisms in the early asymptomatic period. Our findings suggest the need for further exploration of the role of non-striatal mechanisms in PD prior to the development of motor features.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Blesa
- Movement Disorders Group, Neurosciences Division, CIMA, and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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