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Pszczołowska M, Walczak K, Miśków W, Antosz K, Batko J, Kurpas D, Leszek J. Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy as the Course of Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4639. [PMID: 38731858 PMCID: PMC11083609 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This editorial investigates chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) as a course of Alzheimer's disease (AD). CTE is a debilitating neurodegenerative disease that is the result of repeated mild traumatic brain injury (TBI). Many epidemiological studies show that experiencing a TBI in early or middle life is associated with an increased risk of dementia later in life. Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) present a series of similar neuropathological features that were investigated in this work like recombinant tau into filaments or the accumulation and aggregation of Aβ protein. However, these two conditions differ from each other in brain-blood barrier damage. The purpose of this review was to evaluate information about CTE and AD from various articles, focusing especially on new therapeutic possibilities for the improvement in cognitive skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Pszczołowska
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Kamil Walczak
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Weronika Miśków
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Katarzyna Antosz
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Joanna Batko
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 1, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland; (M.P.)
| | - Donata Kurpas
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Wroclaw Medical University, Ul. Kazimierza Bartla 5, 51-618 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jerzy Leszek
- Clinic of Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Ludwika Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wrocław, Poland
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Peripheral Transplantation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells at Sepsis Convalescence Improves Cognitive Function of Sepsis Surviving Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:6897765. [PMID: 36193078 PMCID: PMC9526624 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6897765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of peripheral transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) at sepsis convalescence on post-sepsis cognitive function and underlying mechanisms in mice. Methods Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in mice. Bone marrow-derived MSCs from mice were cultured and injected via tail vein on the 8th day after CLP. Cognitive function was detected in open field, novel object recognition task, and delayed matching-to-place water maze task during 10-26 days after CLP. Neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and peripheral inflammation were detected on the 12th and 31th days after CLP. MSCs tracing was detected during 8-10 days after CLP. Results Transplanted MSCs were located at peripheral organs (lung, spleen, liver) and had no obvious effects on survival and weight of sepsis mice. Transplanted MSCs mitigated cognitive impairments and hippocampal microglial activation, improved hippocampal neurogenesis of sepsis surviving mice, and had no obvious effect on the leukocyte amount, the neutrophil percentage, and the inflammatory factors of peripheral blood, and the hippocampal inflammatory factors. Conclusions Our data indicated that MSCs transplantation via peripheral vein at later phase of sepsis can improve post-sepsis cognitive impairment and hippocampal neurogenesis of sepsis surviving mice.
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Melatonin and the Programming of Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041971. [PMID: 35216086 PMCID: PMC8879213 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin interacts with various types of stem cells, in multiple ways that comprise stimulation of proliferation, maintenance of stemness and self-renewal, protection of survival, and programming toward functionally different cell lineages. These various properties are frequently intertwined but may not be always jointly present. Melatonin typically stimulates proliferation and transition to the mature cell type. For all sufficiently studied stem or progenitor cells, melatonin’s signaling pathways leading to expression of respective morphogenetic factors are discussed. The focus of this article will be laid on the aspect of programming, particularly in pluripotent cells. This is especially but not exclusively the case in neural stem cells (NSCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Concerning developmental bifurcations, decisions are not exclusively made by melatonin alone. In MSCs, melatonin promotes adipogenesis in a Wnt (Wingless-Integration-1)-independent mode, but chondrogenesis and osteogenesis Wnt-dependently. Melatonin upregulates Wnt, but not in the adipogenic lineage. This decision seems to depend on microenvironment and epigenetic memory. The decision for chondrogenesis instead of osteogenesis, both being Wnt-dependent, seems to involve fibroblast growth factor receptor 3. Stem cell-specific differences in melatonin and Wnt receptors, and contributions of transcription factors and noncoding RNAs are outlined, as well as possibilities and the medical importance of re-programming for transdifferentiation.
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Rahman MM, Islam MR, Islam MT, Harun-Or-Rashid M, Islam M, Abdullah S, Uddin MB, Das S, Rahaman MS, Ahmed M, Alhumaydhi FA, Emran TB, Mohamed AAR, Faruque MRI, Khandaker MU, Mostafa-Hedeab G. Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy and Neurological Disorders: Current Status and Future Perspectives. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:147. [PMID: 35053145 PMCID: PMC8772847 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are a global health issue with inadequate therapeutic options and an inability to restore the damaged nervous system. With advances in technology, health scientists continue to identify new approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Lost or injured neurons and glial cells can lead to the development of several neurological diseases, including Parkinson's disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells in the laboratory utilizing cell culture technologies, fueling efforts to develop stem cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a germ cell with specialized characteristics, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, or brain cells. Although several obstacles remain before stem cells can be used for clinical applications, including some potential disadvantages that must be overcome, this cellular development represents a potential pathway through which patients may eventually achieve the ability to live more normal lives. In this review, we summarize the stem cell-based therapies that have been explored for various neurological disorders, discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of these therapies, and examine future directions for this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mominur Rahman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Touhidul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Harun-Or-Rashid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mahfuzul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Sabirin Abdullah
- Space Science Center, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Mohammad Borhan Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Sumit Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Mohammad Saidur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Muniruddin Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; (M.M.R.); (M.R.I.); (M.T.I.); (M.H.-O.-R.); (M.I.); (M.B.U.); (S.D.); (M.S.R.); (M.A.)
| | - Fahad A. Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway 47500, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Gomaa Mostafa-Hedeab
- Pharmacology Department & Health Sciences Research Unit, Medical College, Jouf University, Sakaka 72446, Saudi Arabia;
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62521, Egypt
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Berlet R, Anthony S, Brooks B, Wang ZJ, Sadanandan N, Shear A, Cozene B, Gonzales-Portillo B, Parsons B, Salazar FE, Lezama Toledo AR, Monroy GR, Gonzales-Portillo JV, Borlongan CV. Combination of Stem Cells and Rehabilitation Therapies for Ischemic Stroke. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1316. [PMID: 34572529 PMCID: PMC8468342 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation therapy presents an effective stroke treatment. Here, we discuss current breakthroughs in stem cell research along with rehabilitation strategies that may have a synergistic outcome when combined together after stroke. Indeed, stem cell transplantation offers a promising new approach and may add to current rehabilitation therapies. By reviewing the pathophysiology of stroke and the mechanisms by which stem cells and rehabilitation attenuate this inflammatory process, we hypothesize that a combined therapy will provide better functional outcomes for patients. Using current preclinical data, we explore the prominent types of stem cells, the existing theories for stem cell repair, rehabilitation treatments inside the brain, rehabilitation modalities outside the brain, and evidence pertaining to the benefits of combined therapy. In this review article, we assess the advantages and disadvantages of using stem cell transplantation with rehabilitation to mitigate the devastating effects of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reed Berlet
- Chicago Medical School, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, 3333 Green Bay Rd, North Chicago, IL 60064, USA;
| | - Stefan Anthony
- Lake Erie College of Osteopathic Medicine, 5000 Lakewood Ranch Boulevard, Bradenton, FL 34211, USA;
| | - Beverly Brooks
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | - Zhen-Jie Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
| | | | - Alex Shear
- University of Florida, 205 Fletcher Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA;
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Tulane University, 6823 St. Charles Ave, New Orleans, LA 70118, USA;
| | | | - Blake Parsons
- Washington and Lee University, 204 W Washington St, Lexington, VA 24450, USA;
| | - Felipe Esparza Salazar
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Alma R. Lezama Toledo
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | - Germán Rivera Monroy
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Salud (CICSA), FCS, Universidad Anáhuac México Campus Norte, Huixquilucan 52786, Mexico; (F.E.S.); (A.R.L.T.); (G.R.M.)
| | | | - Cesario V. Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.B.); (Z.-J.W.)
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Russo E, Lee JY, Nguyen H, Corrao S, Anzalone R, La Rocca G, Borlongan CV. Energy Metabolism Analysis of Three Different Mesenchymal Stem Cell Populations of Umbilical Cord Under Normal and Pathologic Conditions. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 16:585-595. [PMID: 32185666 PMCID: PMC7253397 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-09967-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) are a pivotal source of therapeutically active cells for regenerative medicine due to their multipotent differentiation potential, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory proprieties, as well as logistical collection advantages without ethical concerns. However, it remains poorly understood whether MSCs from different compartments of the human umbilical cord are therapeutically superior than others. In this study, MSCs were isolated from Wharton’s jelly (WJ-MSCs), perivascular region (PV-MSCs) and cord lining (CL-MSCs) of hUC. These cells expressed the mesenchymal markers (CD90, CD73), stemness marker (OCT4), endothelial cell adhesion molecular marker (CD146), and the monocyte/macrophage marker (CD14) found within the MSC population implicated as a key regulator of inflammatory responses to hypoxia, was displayed by WJ-, PV-, and CL-MSCs respectively. A direct consequence of oxygen and glucose deprivation during stroke and reperfusion is impaired mitochondrial function that contributes to cellular death. Emerging findings of mitochondria transfer provide the basis for the replenishment of healthy mitochondria as a strategy for the treatment of stroke. Cell Energy Phenotype and Mito Stress tests were performed the energy metabolic profile of the three MSC populations and their mitochondrial function in both ambient and OGD cell culture conditions. PV-MSCs showed the highest mitochondrial activity. CL-MSCs were the least affected by OGD/R condition, suggesting their robust survival in ischemic environment. In this study, MSC populations in UC possess comparable metabolic capacities and good survival under normal and hypoxic conditions suggesting their potential as transplantable cells for mitochondrial-based stem cell therapy in stroke and other ischemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.,Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Simona Corrao
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Section of Histology and Embryology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (BIND), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA.
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Cozene BM, Russo E, Anzalone R, Rocca GL, Borlongan CV. Mitochondrial activity of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. Brain Circ 2021; 7:33-36. [PMID: 34084975 PMCID: PMC8057105 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_15_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) serve as a potential cell-based therapy for degenerative disease. They provide immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, multipotent differentiation potential and are harvested with no ethical concern. It is unknown whether MSCs collected from different areas of the human umbilical cord elicit more favorable effects than others. Three MSC populations were harvested from various regions of the human umbilical cord: cord lining (CL-MSCs), perivascular region (PV-MSCs), and Wharton's jelly (WJ-MSCs). Mesenchymal markers (CD90 and CD73) were expressed by all three cell populations. Stemness marker (OCT4), endothelial cell adhesion molecular marker (CD146), and monocyte-macrophage marker (CD14) were expressed by WJ-MSCs, PV-MSCs, and CL-MSCs, respectively. Stroke presents with oxygen and glucose deprivation and leads to dysfunctional mitochondria and consequently cell death. Targeting the restoration of mitochondrial function in the stroke brain through mitochondrial transfer may be effective in treating stroke. In vitro exposure to ambient and OGD conditions resulted in CL-MSCs number decreasing the least post-OGD/R exposure, and PV-MSCs exhibiting the greatest mitochondrial activity. All three hUC-MSC populations presented similar metabolic activity and survival in normal and pathologic environments. These characteristics indicate hUC-MSCs potential as a potent therapeutic in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blaise M Cozene
- School of Science and Engineering, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Eleonora Russo
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Rita Anzalone
- Department of Surgical, Oncological and Stomatological Sciences, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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8
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Jiao Y, Liu YW, Chen WG, Liu J. Neuroregeneration and functional recovery after stroke: advancing neural stem cell therapy toward clinical application. Neural Regen Res 2021; 16:80-92. [PMID: 32788451 PMCID: PMC7818886 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.286955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a main cause of death and disability worldwide. The ability of the brain to self-repair in the acute and chronic phases after stroke is minimal; however, promising stem cell-based interventions are emerging that may give substantial and possibly complete recovery of brain function after stroke. Many animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that neural stem cells (NSCs) in the central nervous system can orchestrate neurological repair through nerve regeneration, neuron polarization, axon pruning, neurite outgrowth, repair of myelin, and remodeling of the microenvironment and brain networks. Compared with other types of stem cells, NSCs have unique advantages in cell replacement, paracrine action, inflammatory regulation and neuroprotection. Our review summarizes NSC origins, characteristics, therapeutic mechanisms and repair processes, then highlights current research findings and clinical evidence for NSC therapy. These results may be helpful to inform the direction of future stroke research and to guide clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Jiao
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cells and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yu-Wan Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei-Gong Chen
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cells and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University; Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cells and Precision Medicine, Dalian, Liaoning Province, China
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Lacalle-Aurioles M, Cassel de Camps C, Zorca CE, Beitel LK, Durcan TM. Applying hiPSCs and Biomaterials Towards an Understanding and Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury. Front Cell Neurosci 2020; 14:594304. [PMID: 33281561 PMCID: PMC7689345 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2020.594304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is the leading cause of disability and mortality in children and young adults and has a profound impact on the socio-economic wellbeing of patients and their families. Initially, brain damage is caused by mechanical stress-induced axonal injury and vascular dysfunction, which can include hemorrhage, blood-brain barrier disruption, and ischemia. Subsequent neuronal degeneration, chronic inflammation, demyelination, oxidative stress, and the spread of excitotoxicity can further aggravate disease pathology. Thus, TBI treatment requires prompt intervention to protect against neuronal and vascular degeneration. Rapid advances in the field of stem cells (SCs) have revolutionized the prospect of repairing brain function following TBI. However, more than that, SCs can contribute substantially to our knowledge of this multifaced pathology. Research, based on human induced pluripotent SCs (hiPSCs) can help decode the molecular pathways of degeneration and recovery of neuronal and glial function, which makes these cells valuable tools for drug screening. Additionally, experimental approaches that include hiPSC-derived engineered tissues (brain organoids and bio-printed constructs) and biomaterials represent a step forward for the field of regenerative medicine since they provide a more suitable microenvironment that enhances cell survival and grafting success. In this review, we highlight the important role of hiPSCs in better understanding the molecular pathways of TBI-related pathology and in developing novel therapeutic approaches, building on where we are at present. We summarize some of the most relevant findings for regenerative therapies using biomaterials and outline key challenges for TBI treatments that remain to be addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Lacalle-Aurioles
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Camille Cassel de Camps
- Department of Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Cornelia E Zorca
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Lenore K Beitel
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas M Durcan
- Early Drug Discovery Unit, Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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10
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Badyra B, Sułkowski M, Milczarek O, Majka M. Mesenchymal stem cells as a multimodal treatment for nervous system diseases. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 9:1174-1189. [PMID: 32573961 PMCID: PMC7519763 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological disorders are a massive challenge for modern medicine. Apart from the fact that this group of diseases is the second leading cause of death worldwide, the majority of patients have no access to any possible effective and standardized treatment after being diagnosed, leaving them and their families helpless. This is the reason why such great emphasis is being placed on the development of new, more effective methods to treat neurological patients. Regenerative medicine opens new therapeutic approaches in neurology, including the use of cell-based therapies. In this review, we focus on summarizing one of the cell sources that can be applied as a multimodal treatment tool to overcome the complex issue of neurodegeneration-mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Apart from the highly proven safety of this approach, beneficial effects connected to this type of treatment have been observed. This review presents modes of action of MSCs, explained on the basis of data from vast in vitro and preclinical studies, and we summarize the effects of using these cells in clinical trial settings. Finally, we stress what improvements have already been made to clarify the exact mechanism of MSCs action, and we discuss potential ways to improve the introduction of MSC-based therapies in clinics. In summary, we propose that more insightful and methodical optimization, by combining careful preparation and administration, can enable use of multimodal MSCs as an effective, tailored cell therapy suited to specific neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Badyra
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Maciej Sułkowski
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Olga Milczarek
- Department of Children NeurosurgeryJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
| | - Marcin Majka
- Department of TransplantationJagiellonian University Medical CollegeCracowPoland
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11
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Endothelial Progenitor Cells as a Marker of Vascular Damage But not a Predictor in Acute Microangiopathy-Associated Stroke. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072248. [PMID: 32679827 PMCID: PMC7408782 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of the study was to assess the number of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in patients with acute stroke due to cerebral microangiopathy and evaluate whether there is a relationship between their number and clinical status, radiological findings, risk factors, selected biochemical parameters, and prognosis, both in ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Methods: In total, 66 patients with lacunar ischemic stroke, 38 patients with typical location hemorrhagic stroke, and 22 subjects from the control group without acute cerebrovascular incidents were included in the prospective observational study. The number of EPCs was determined in serum on the first and eighth day after stroke onset using flow cytometry and identified with the immune-phenotype classification determinant (CD)45−, CD34+, CD133+. Results: We demonstrated a significantly higher number of EPCs on the first day of stroke compared to the control group (med. 17.75 cells/µL (0–488 cells/µL) vs. 5.24 cells/µL (0–95 cells/µL); p = 0.0006). We did not find a relationship between the number of EPCs in the acute phase of stroke and the biochemical parameters, vascular risk factors, or clinical condition. In females, the higher number of EPCs on the first day of stroke is related to a favorable functional outcome on the eighth day after the stroke onset compared to males (p = 0.0355). We found that a higher volume of the hemorrhagic focus on the first day was correlated with a lower number of EPCs on the first day (correlation coefficient (R) = −0.3378, p = 0.0471), and a higher number of EPCs on the first day of the hemorrhagic stroke was correlated with a lower degree of regression of the hemorrhagic focus (R = −0.3896, p = 0.0367). Conclusion: The study showed that endothelial progenitor cells are an early marker in acute microangiopathy-associated stroke regardless of etiology and may affect the radiological findings in hemorrhagic stroke. Nevertheless, their prognostic value remains doubtful in stroke patients.
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Bonsack B, Heyck M, Kingsbury C, Cozene B, Sadanandan N, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. Fast-tracking regenerative medicine for traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2020; 15:1179-1190. [PMID: 31960797 PMCID: PMC7047809 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.270294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury remains a global health crisis that spans all demographics, yet there exist limited treatment options that may effectively curtail its lingering symptoms. Traumatic brain injury pathology entails a progression from primary injury to inflammation-mediated secondary cell death. Sequestering this inflammation as a means of ameliorating the greater symptomology of traumatic brain injury has emerged as an attractive treatment prospect. In this review, we recapitulate and evaluate the important developments relating to regulating traumatic brain injury-induced neuroinflammation, edema, and blood-brain barrier disintegration through pharmacotherapy and stem cell transplants. Although these studies of stand-alone treatments have yielded some positive results, more therapeutic outcomes have been documented from the promising area of combined drug and stem cell therapy. Harnessing the facilitatory properties of certain pharmaceuticals with the anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects of stem cell transplants creates a synergistic effect greater than the sum of its parts. The burgeoning evidence in favor of combined drug and stem cell therapies warrants more elaborate preclinical studies on this topic in order to pave the way for later clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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13
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Sharma AK, Sane HM, Kulkarni PP, Gokulchandran N, Biju H, Badhe PB. Autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in patients with chronic traumatic brain injury- a clinical study. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2020; 9:3. [PMID: 32588151 PMCID: PMC7306831 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-020-00043-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is one of the common causes of longterm disability worldwide. Cell transplantation has gained attention as a prospective therapeutic option for neurotraumatic disorders like TBI. The postulated mechanism of cell transplantation which includes angiogenesis, axonal regeneration, neurogenesis and synaptic remodeling, may tackle the pathology of chronic TBI and improve overall functioning. Methods To study the effects of cell transplantation, 50 patients with chronic TBI were enrolled in an open label non-randomized study. The intervention included intrathecal transplantation of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and neurorehabilitation. Mean follow up duration was 22 months. Fifteen patients underwent second dose of cell transplantation, 6 months after their first intervention. Percentage analysis was performed to analyze the symptomatic improvements in the patients. Functional independence measure (FIM) was used as an outcome measure to evaluate the functional changes in the patients. Statistical tests were applied on the pre-intervention and post-intervention scores for determining the significance. Comparative Positron Emission Tomography- computed tomography (PET CT) scans were performed in 10 patients to monitor the effect of intervention on brain function. Factors such as age, multiple doses, time since injury and severity of injury were also analyzed to determine their effect on the outcome of cell transplantation. Adverse events were monitored throughout the follow up period. Results Overall 92% patients showed improvements in symptoms such as sitting and standing balance, voluntary control, memory, oromotor skills lower limb activities, ambulation, trunk & upper limb activity, speech, posture, communication, psychological status, cognition, attention and concentration, muscle tone, coordination, activities of daily living. A statistically significant (at p ≤ 0.05 with p-value 0) improvement was observed in the scores of FIM after intervention on the Wilcoxon signed rank test. Better outcome of the intervention was found in patients with mild TBI, age less than 18 years and time since injury less than 5 years. Ten patients who underwent a repeat PET CT scan brain showed improved brain metabolism in areas which correlated to the symptomatic changes. Two patients had an episode of seizures which was managed with medication. They both had an abnormal EEG before the intervention and 1 of them had previous history and was on antiepileptics. No other major adverse events were recorded. Conclusion This study demonstrates the safety and efficacy of cell transplantation in chronic TBI on long term follow up. Early intervention in younger age group of patients with mild TBI showed the best outcome in this study. In combination with neurorehabilitation, cell transplantation can enhance functional recovery and improve quality of life of patients with chronic TBI. PET CT scan brain should be explored as a monitoring tool to study the efficacy of intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok K Sharma
- Department of Medical Services, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Plot 19, Sector 40, Next to Seawood Grand Central Station (W), Off Palm Beach Road, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Hemangi M Sane
- Department Of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Plot 19, Sector 40, Next to Seawood Grand Central Station [W], Off Palm Beach Road, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Pooja P Kulkarni
- Department Of Research & Development, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Plot 19, Sector 40, Next to Seawood Grand Central Station [W], Off Palm Beach Road, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India.
| | - Nandini Gokulchandran
- Department of Medical Services, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Plot 19, Sector 40, Next to Seawood Grand Central Station (W), Off Palm Beach Road, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Hema Biju
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Plot 19, Sector 40, Next to Seawood Grand Central Station [W], Off Palm Beach Road, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Prerna B Badhe
- Department of Regenerative Laboratory Services, NeuroGen Brain & Spine Institute, Plot 19, Sector 40, Next to Seawood Grand Central Station [W], Off Palm Beach Road, Nerul, Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
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14
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Corey S, Bonsack B, Heyck M, Shear A, Sadanandan N, Zhang H, Borlongan CV. Harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of stem cells for transplant therapy in hemorrhagic stroke. BRAIN HEMORRHAGES 2020; 1:24-33. [PMID: 34056567 PMCID: PMC8158660 DOI: 10.1016/j.hest.2019.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hemorrhagic stroke is a global health crisis plagued by neuroinflammation in the acute and chronic phases. Neuroinflammation approximates secondary cell death, which in turn robustly contributes to stroke pathology. Both the physiological and behavioral symptoms of stroke correlate with various inflammatory responses in animal and human studies. That slowing the secondary cell death mediated by this inflammation may attenuate stroke pathology presents a novel treatment strategy. To this end, experimental therapies employing stem cell transplants support their potential for neuroprotection and neuroregeneration after hemorrhagic stroke. In this review, we evaluate experiments using different types of stem cell transplants as treatments for stroke-induced neuroinflammation. We also update this emerging area by examining recent preclinical and clinical trials that have deployed these therapies. While further investigations are warranted to solidify their therapeutic profile, the reviewed studies largely posit stem cells as safe and potent biologics for stroke, specifically owing to their mode of action for sequestering neuroinflammation and promoting neuroregenerative processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sydney Corey
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alex Shear
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Henry Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida, College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN THE BRAIN OF RATS WITH EXPERIMENTAL ALLERGIC ENCEPHALOMYELITIS AFTER CRYOPRESERVED MESENCHYMAL STEM CELLS IMPACT. WORLD OF MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.26724/2079-8334-2020-4-74-199-204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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16
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Heyck M, Bonsack B, Zhang H, Sadanandan N, Cozene B, Kingsbury C, Lee JY, Borlongan CV. The brain and eye: Treating cerebral and retinal ischemia through mitochondrial transfer. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2019; 244:1485-1492. [PMID: 31604382 DOI: 10.1177/1535370219881623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke remains a devastating disease with limited treatment options, despite our growing understanding of its pathology. While ischemic stroke is traditionally characterized by a blockage of blood flow to the brain, this may coincide with reduced blood circulation to the eye, resulting in retinal ischemia, which may in turn lead to visual impairment. Although effective treatment options for retinal ischemia are similarly scarce, new evidence suggests that deleterious changes to mitochondrial structure and function play a major role in both cerebral and retinal ischemia pathologies. Prior studies establish that astrocytes transfer healthy mitochondria to ischemic neurons following stroke; however, this alone is not enough to significantly mitigate the damage caused by primary and secondary cell death. Thus, stem cell-based regenerative medicine targeting amelioration of ischemia-induced mitochondrial dysfunction via the transfer of functional mitochondria to injured neural cells represents a promising approach to improve stroke outcomes for both cerebral and retinal ischemia. In this review, we evaluate recent laboratory evidence supporting the remedial capabilities of mitochondrial transfer as an innovative stroke treatment. In particular, we examine exogenous stem cell transplants in their potential role as suppliers of healthy mitochondria to neurons, brain endothelial cells, and retinal cells.Impact statementStroke constitutes a global health crisis, yet potent, applicable therapeutic options remain effectively inaccessible for many patients. To this end, stem cell transplants stand as a promising stroke treatment and as an emerging subject of research for cell-based regenerative medicine. This is the first review to synthesize the implications of stem cell-derived mitochondrial transfer in both the brain and the eye. As such, this report carries fresh insight into the commonalities between the two stroke-affected organs. We present the findings of this developing area of research inquiry with the hope that our evaluation may advance the use of stem cell transplants as viable therapeutic alternatives for ischemic stroke and related disorders characterized by mitochondrial dysfunction. Such lab-to-clinic translational advancement has the potential to save and improve the ever increasing millions of lives affected by stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt Heyck
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Brooke Bonsack
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Henry Zhang
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nadia Sadanandan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Blaise Cozene
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jea-Young Lee
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Mao W, Yi X, Qin J, Tian M, Jin G. CXCL12 promotes proliferation of radial glia like cells after traumatic brain injury in rats. Cytokine 2019; 125:154771. [PMID: 31400639 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effect of CXCL12 on regeneration of radial glia like cells after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We randomly divided 48 rats into 4 groups: (1) the sham group, rats were performed craniotomy only, (2) the control group, saline were injected into the ipsilateral cortex after TBI, (3) the CXCL12 group, CXCL12 were injected, and (4) the CXCL12 + AMD3100 group, a mixture of CXCL12 and AMD3100 were injected. Seven days after TBI, the brain tissues were subjected to immunofluorescence double-labeled staining of BrdU/Nestin, BLBP/Nestin, BLBP/Vimentin, BLBP/SOX2, BLBP/CXCR4, BLBP/DCX. Western Blot assay was used to measure the levels of Nestin, BLBP, and Vimentin. Compared with the control group, CXCL12 treatment significantly increased the number of cells stained with BrdU/Nestin, BLBP/Nestin, and BLBP/Vimentin around the injured cortex and corpus callosum areas. CXCL12 + AMD3100 treatment significantly decreased the number of these cells compared with the CXCL12 treatment and control group. The protein levels of Nestin, BLBP, and Vimentin had the same change trends as those of the immunofluorescence staining. The BLBP/Vimentin positive cells presented with the astrocyte pattern around the injured cortex area but with the RGCs pattern around the injured corpus callosum area. The BLBP positive cells also expressed CXCR4 and SOX2. Altogether, CXCL12 promotes the proliferation of neural precursor cells after TBI by combing to its receptor, CXCR4. The proliferating neural precursor cells presents radial glial cell like cells. The RGCs-like cells can differentiate into immature neurons and promote the migration of immature neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Mao
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Xin Yi
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Jianbing Qin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Meiling Tian
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China
| | - Guohua Jin
- Department of Anatomy, Nantong University Medical School, Jiangsu 226001, China.
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Tuazon JP, Castelli V, Borlongan CV. Drug-like delivery methods of stem cells as biologics for stroke. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2019; 16:823-833. [PMID: 31311344 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2019.1645116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Stem cell therapy is an experimental treatment for brain disorders. Although a cellular product, stem cells can be classified as biologics based on the cells' secretion of therapeutic substances. Treatment with stem cell biologics may appeal to stroke because of the secondary cell death mechanisms, especially neuroinflammation, that are rampant from the onset and remain elevated during the progressive phase of the disease requiring multi-pronged biological targets to effectively abrogate the neurodegenerative pathology. However, the optimal delivery methods, among other logistical approaches (i.e. cell doses and timing of intervention), for stem cell therapy will need to be refined before stem cell biologics can be successfully utilized for stroke in large scale clinical trials. Areas covered: In this review, we discuss how the innate qualities of stem cells characterize them as biologics, how stem cell transplantation may be an ideal treatment for stroke, and the various routes of stem cell administration that have been employed in various preclinical and clinical investigations. Expert opinion: There is a need to optimize the delivery of stem cell biologics for stroke in order to guide the safe and effective translation of this therapy from the laboratory to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian P Tuazon
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Vanessa Castelli
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- a Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine , Tampa , FL , USA
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Caplan H, Olson SD, Kumar A, George M, Prabhakara KS, Wenzel P, Bedi S, Toledano-Furman NE, Triolo F, Kamhieh-Milz J, Moll G, Cox CS. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Therapeutic Delivery: Translational Challenges to Clinical Application. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1645. [PMID: 31417542 PMCID: PMC6685059 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
For several decades, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) have been extensively studied for their therapeutic potential across a wide range of diseases. In the preclinical setting, MSCs demonstrate consistent ability to promote tissue healing, down-regulate excessive inflammation and improve outcomes in animal models. Several proposed mechanisms of action have been posited and demonstrated across an array of in vitro models. However, translation into clinical practice has proven considerably more difficult. A number of prominent well-funded late-phase clinical trials have failed, thus calling out for new efforts to optimize product delivery in the clinical setting. In this review, we discuss novel topics critical to the successful translation of MSCs from pre-clinical to clinical applications. In particular, we focus on the major routes of cell delivery, aspects related to hemocompatibility, and potential safety concerns associated with MSC therapy in the different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Caplan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Scott D. Olson
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Akshita Kumar
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mitchell George
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Karthik S. Prabhakara
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Pamela Wenzel
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Supinder Bedi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Naama E. Toledano-Furman
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Fabio Triolo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Julian Kamhieh-Milz
- Department of Transfusion Medicine, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Guido Moll
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charles S. Cox
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
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Nguyen H, Zarriello S, Coats A, Nelson C, Kingsbury C, Gorsky A, Rajani M, Neal EG, Borlongan CV. Stem cell therapy for neurological disorders: A focus on aging. Neurobiol Dis 2019; 126:85-104. [PMID: 30219376 PMCID: PMC6650276 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Age-related neurological disorders continue to pose a significant societal and economic burden. Aging is a complex phenomenon that affects many aspects of the human body. Specifically, aging can have detrimental effects on the progression of brain diseases and endogenous stem cells. Stem cell therapies possess promising potential to mitigate the neurological symptoms of such diseases. However, aging presents a major obstacle for maximum efficacy of these treatments. In this review, we discuss current preclinical and clinical literature to highlight the interactions between aging, stem cell therapy, and the progression of major neurological disease states such as Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke, traumatic brain injury, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, and multiple system atrophy. We raise important questions to guide future research and advance novel treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung Nguyen
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Sydney Zarriello
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Alexandreya Coats
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cannon Nelson
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Chase Kingsbury
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Anna Gorsky
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Mira Rajani
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Elliot G Neal
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL 33612, USA.
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Borlongan CV. Concise Review: Stem Cell Therapy for Stroke Patients: Are We There Yet? Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:983-988. [PMID: 31099181 PMCID: PMC6708064 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.19-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Four decades of preclinical research demonstrating survival, functional integration, and behavioral effects of transplanted stem cells in experimental stroke models have provided ample scientific basis for initiating limited clinical trials of stem cell therapy in stroke patients. Although safety of the grafted cells has been overwhelmingly documented, efficacy has not been forthcoming. Two recently concluded stroke clinical trials on mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) highlight the importance of strict adherence to the basic science findings of optimal transplant regimen of cell dose, timing, and route of delivery in enhancing the functional outcomes of cell therapy. Echoing the Stem Cell Therapeutics as an Emerging Paradigm for Stroke and Stroke Treatment Academic Industry Roundtable call for an NIH‐guided collaborative consortium of multiple laboratories in testing the safety and efficacy of stem cells and their derivatives, not just as stand‐alone but preferably in combination with approved thrombolytic or thrombectomy, may further increase the likelihood of successful fruition of translating stem cell therapy for stroke clinical application. The laboratory and clinical experience with MSC therapy for stroke may guide the future translational research on stem cell‐based regenerative medicine in neurological disorders. stem cells translational medicine2019;8:983&988
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesario V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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22
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Ouyang Q, Li F, Xie Y, Han J, Zhang Z, Feng Z, Su D, Zou X, Cai Y, Zou Y, Tang Y, Jiang X. Meta-Analysis of the Safety and Efficacy of Stem Cell Therapies for Ischemic Stroke in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Stem Cells Dev 2019; 28:497-514. [PMID: 30739594 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2018.0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianbang Han
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongfei Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiming Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dazhuang Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiong Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqian Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuxi Zou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanping Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaodan Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, Haizhu District, Guangzhou, China
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Lee JY, Acosta S, Tuazon JP, Xu K, Nguyen H, Lippert T, Liska MG, Semechkin A, Garitaonandia I, Gonzalez R, Kern R, Borlongan CV. Human parthenogenetic neural stem cell grafts promote multiple regenerative processes in a traumatic brain injury model. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:1029-1046. [PMID: 30867814 PMCID: PMC6401413 DOI: 10.7150/thno.29868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
International Stem Cell Corporation human parthenogenetic neural stem cells (ISC-hpNSC) have potential therapeutic value for patients suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Here, we demonstrate the behavioral and histological effects of transplanting ISC-hpNSC intracerebrally in an animal model of TBI. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats underwent a moderate controlled cortical impact TBI surgery. Transplantation occurred at 72 h post-TBI with functional readouts of behavioral and histological deficits conducted during the subsequent 3-month period after TBI. We characterized locomotor, neurological, and cognitive performance at baseline (before TBI), then on days 0, 1, 7, 14, 30, 60, and 90 (locomotor and neurological), and on days 28-30, 58-60, and 88-90 (cognitive) after TBI. Following completion of behavioral testing at 3 months post-TBI, animals were euthanized by transcardial perfusion and brains harvested to histologically characterize the extent of brain damage. Neuronal survival was revealed by Nissl staining, and stem cell engraftment and host tissue repair mechanisms such as the anti-inflammatory response in peri-TBI lesion areas were examined by immunohistochemical analyses. Results: We observed that TBI groups given high and moderate doses of ISC-hpNSC had an improved swing bias on an elevated body swing test for motor function, increased scores on forelimb akinesia and paw grasp neurological tests, and committed significantly fewer errors on a radial arm water maze test for cognition. Furthermore, histological analyses indicated that high and moderate doses of stem cells increased the expression of phenotypic markers related to the neural lineage and myelination and decreased reactive gliosis and inflammation in the brain, increased neuronal survival in the peri-impact area of the cortex, and decreased inflammation in the spleen at 90 days post-TBI. Conclusion: These results provide evidence that high and moderate doses of ISC-hpNSC ameliorate TBI-associated histological alterations and motor, neurological, and cognitive deficits.
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Russo E, Napoli E, Borlongan CV. Healthy mitochondria for stroke cells. Brain Circ 2018; 4:95-98. [PMID: 30450414 PMCID: PMC6187944 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_20_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a debilitating disease that remains as a significant unmet need. Although our understanding of the disease pathology has advanced over the years, treatment options for stroke are limited. Recent studies have implicated the important role of healthy mitochondria in neuroprotection against stroke. Under the stroke pathological condition, transfer of healthy mitochondria is observed from astrocytes to ischemic neurons. However, without additional therapeutic intervention, such astrocyte-to-neuron transfer of mitochondria may not sufficiently afford a robust and stable therapeutic effect against the devastating primary insult and progressive neurodegeneration associated with stroke. We now explore the concept that transplantation of exogenous stem cells may serve as efficacious sources of healthy mitochondria for ischemic cells, not only neurons but also endothelial cells. This review captures the recent advances on the therapeutic potential of mitochondrial transfer as a novel stroke treatment. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this article has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Russo
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida, USA
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25
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Zamproni LN, Grinet MAVM, Mundim MTVV, Reis MBC, Galindo LT, Marciano FR, Lobo AO, Porcionatto M. Rotary jet-spun porous microfibers as scaffolds for stem cells delivery to central nervous system injury. NANOMEDICINE-NANOTECHNOLOGY BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2018; 15:98-107. [PMID: 30244084 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2018.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Stem cell transplantation is a promising strategy to treat brain injuries. However, cell-based therapies are limited because poor local cell engraftment. Here, we present a polylactic acid (PLA) scaffold to support mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) delivery in stroke. We isolated bone marrow MSCs from adult C57/Bl6 mice, cultured them on PLA polymeric rough microfibrous (PRM) scaffolds obtained by rotary jet spinning, and transplanted over the brains of adult C57/Bl6 mice, carrying thermocoagulation-induced cortical stroke. No inflammatory response to PRM was found. MSCs transplantation significantly reduced the area of the lesion and PRM delivery increased MSCs retention at the injury site. In addition, PRM upregulated α6-integrin and CXCL12 production, which may be the cause for greater cell retention at the lesion site and may provide additional benefit to MSCs transplantation procedures. We conclude that PRM scaffolds offer a promising new system to deliver stem cells to injured areas of the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Zamproni
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcella B C Reis
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Layla T Galindo
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Marciano
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Anderson O Lobo
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Brasil, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciência e Engenharia de Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piaui, Teresina, PI, Brazil.
| | - Marimelia Porcionatto
- Neurobiology Lab, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Dewan S, Schimmel S, Borlongan CV. Treating childhood traumatic brain injury with autologous stem cell therapy. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2018; 18:515-524. [PMID: 29421958 PMCID: PMC6086119 DOI: 10.1080/14712598.2018.1439473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neonatal traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a significant cause of developmental disorders. Autologous stem cell therapy may enhance neonatal brain plasticity towards repair of the injured neonatal brain. AREAS COVERED The endogenous neonatal anti-inflammatory response can be enhanced through the delivery of anti-inflammatory agents. Stem cell therapy stands as a robust approach for sequestering the inflammation-induced cell death in the injured brain. Here, we discuss the use of umbilical cord blood cells and bone marrow stromal cells for acute and chronic treatment of experimental neonatal TBI. Autologous stem cell transplantation may dampen neuroinflammation. Clinical translation of this stem cell therapy will require identifying the therapeutic window post-injury and harvesting ample supply of transplantable autologous stem cells. Stem cell banking of cryopreserved cells may allow readily available transplantable cells and circumvent the unpredictable nature of neonatal TBI. Harnessing the anti-inflammatory properties of stem cells is key in combating the progressive neurodegeneration after the initial injury. EXPERT OPINION Combination treatments, such as with hypothermia, may enhance the therapeutic effects of stem cells. Stem cell therapy has immense potential as a stand-alone or adjunctive therapy for treating neuroinflammation associated with neonatal TBI acutely and for preventing further progression of the injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Dewan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosugery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine. 3515 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Samantha Schimmel
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosugery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine. 3515 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
| | - Cesar V. Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosugery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine. 3515 E. Fletcher Avenue, Tampa, FL 33613, USA
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Wood CR, Al Delfi IRT, Innes JF, Myint P, Johnson WEB. Exposing mesenchymal stem cells to chondroitin sulphated proteoglycans reduces their angiogenic and neuro-adhesive paracrine activity. Biochimie 2018; 155:26-36. [PMID: 29680669 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The multifactorial complexity of spinal cord injuries includes the formation of a glial scar, of which chondroitin sulphated proteoglycans (CSPG) are an integral component. Previous studies have shown CSPG to have inhibitory effects on endothelial and neuronal cell growth, highlighting the difficulty of spinal cord regeneration. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are widely used as a cell therapy, and there is mounting evidence for their angiogenic and neurotrophic paracrine properties. However, in vivo studies have observed poor engraftment and survival of MSC when injected into SCI. Currently, it is not known whether increasing CSPG concentrations seen after SCI may affect MSC; therefore we have investigated the effects of CSPG exposure to MSC in vitro. CSPG-mediated inhibition of MSC adhesion was observed when MSC were cultured on substrates of increasing CSPG concentration, however MSC viability was not affected even up to five days of culture. Culture conditioned medium harvested from these cultures (primed MSC CM) was used as both culture substrata and soluble medium for EA.hy926 endothelial cells and SH-SY5Y neuronal cells. MSC CM was angiogenic, promoting endothelial cell adhesion, proliferation and tubule formation. However, exposing MSC to CSPG reduced the effects of CSPG-primed MSC CM on endothelial cell adhesion and proliferation, but did not reduce MSC-induced endothelial tubule formation. Primed MSC CM also promoted neuronal cell adhesion, which was reduced following exposure to CSPG. There were no marked differences in neurite outgrowth in MSC CM from CSPG primed MSC cultures versus control conditions, although non-primed MSC CM from the same donors was found to significantly enhance neurite outgrowth. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that MSC are resilient to CSPG exposure, but that there is a marked effect of CSPG on their paracrine regenerative activity. The findings increase our understanding of how the wound microenvironment after SCI can mitigate the beneficial effects of MSC transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea R Wood
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom.
| | - Ibtesam R T Al Delfi
- Centre for Experimental Medicine, Queen's University, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL, Northern Ireland, UK.
| | - John F Innes
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter Myint
- Veterinary Tissue Bank Ltd, Brynkinalt Business Centre, Wrexham, LL14 5NS, United Kingdom.
| | - William E B Johnson
- Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Life Sciences, University of Chester, Parkgate Road, Chester, CH1 4BJ, United Kingdom.
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Maki T, Morancho A, Segundo PMS, Hayakawa K, Takase H, Liang AC, Gabriel-Salazar M, Medina-Gutiérrez E, Washida K, Montaner J, Lok J, Lo EH, Arai K, Rosell A. Endothelial Progenitor Cell Secretome and Oligovascular Repair in a Mouse Model of Prolonged Cerebral Hypoperfusion. Stroke 2018; 49:1003-1010. [PMID: 29511131 PMCID: PMC5871569 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.117.019346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been extensively investigated as a therapeutic approach for repairing the vascular system in cerebrovascular diseases. Beyond vascular regeneration per se, EPCs may also release factors that affect the entire neurovascular unit. Here, we aim to study the effects of the EPC secretome on oligovascular remodeling in a mouse model of white matter injury after prolonged cerebral hypoperfusion. METHODS The secretome of mouse EPCs was analyzed with a proteome array. In vitro, the effects of the EPC secretome and its factor angiogenin were assessed on primary oligodendrocyte precursor cells and mature human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMED/D3). In vivo, mice were subjected to permanent bilateral common carotid artery stenosis, then treated with EPC secretome at 24 hours and at 1 week, and cognitive outcome was evaluated with the Y maze test together with oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation/differentiation and vascular density in white matter at 4 weeks. RESULTS Multiple growth factors, cytokines, and proteases were identified in the EPC secretome, including angiogenin. In vitro, the EPC secretome significantly enhanced endothelial and oligodendrocyte precursor cell proliferation and potentiated oligodendrocyte precursor cell maturation. Angiogenin was proved to be a key factor since pharmacological blockade of angiogenin signaling negated the positive effects of the EPC secretome. In vivo, treatment with the EPC secretome increased vascular density, myelin, and mature oligodendrocytes in white matter and rescued cognitive function in the mouse hypoperfusion model. CONCLUSIONS Factors secreted by EPCs may ameliorate white matter damage in the brain by boosting oligovascular remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takakuni Maki
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Morancho
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Martinez-San Segundo
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazuhide Hayakawa
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Hajime Takase
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna C. Liang
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marina Gabriel-Salazar
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esperanza Medina-Gutiérrez
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kazuo Washida
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joan Montaner
- Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josephine Lok
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eng H. Lo
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ken Arai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Anna Rosell
- From the Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Departments of Radiology and Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown (T.M., K.H., H.T., A.C.L., K.W., J.L., E.H.L., K.A.); and Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain (A.M., P.M.-S.S., M.G.-S., E.M.-G., J.M., A.R.).
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29
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Sharma A, Sane H, Gokulchandran N, Pai S, Kulkarni P, Ganwir V, Maheshwari M, Sharma R, Raichur M, Nivins S, Badhe P. An open-label proof-of-concept study of intrathecal autologous bone marrow mononuclear cell transplantation in intellectual disability. Stem Cell Res Ther 2018; 9:19. [PMID: 29386049 PMCID: PMC5793399 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0748-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The underlying pathophysiology in intellectual disability (ID) involves abnormalities in dendritic branching and connectivity of the neuronal network. This limits the ability of the brain to process information. Conceptually, cellular therapy through its neurorestorative and neuroregenerative properties can counteract these pathogenetic mechanisms and improve neuronal connectivity. This improved networking should exhibit as clinical efficacy in patients with ID. Methods To assess the safety and efficacy of cellular therapy in patients with ID, we conducted an open-label proof-of-concept study from October 2011 to December 2015. Patients were divided into two groups: intervention group (n = 29) and rehabilitation group (n = 29). The intervention group underwent cellular transplantation consisting of intrathecal administration of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells and standard neurorehabilitation. The rehabilitation group underwent only standard neurorehabilitation. The results of the symptomatic outcomes were compared between the two groups. In the intervention group analysis, the outcome measures used were the intelligence quotient (IQ) and the Wee Functional Independence Measure (Wee-FIM). To compare the pre-intervention and post-intervention results, statistical analysis was done using Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs test for Wee-FIM scores and McNemar’s test for symptomatic improvements and IQ. The effect of age and severity of the disorder were assessed for their impact on the outcome of intervention. Positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) brain scan was used as a monitoring tool to study effects of the intervention. Adverse events were monitored for the safety of cellular therapy. Results On symptomatic analysis, greater improvements were seen in the intervention group as compared to the rehabilitation group. In the intervention group, the symptomatic improvements, IQ and Wee-FIM were statistically significant. A significantly better outcome of the intervention was found in the paediatric age group (<18 years) and patients with milder severity of ID. Repeat PET-CT scan in three patients of the intervention group showed improved metabolism in the frontal, parietal cortex, thalamus, mesial temporal structures and cerebellum. No major adverse events were witnessed. Conclusions Cellular transplantation with neurorehabilitation is safe and effective for the treatment of underlying brain deficits in ID. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02245724. Registered 12 September 2014.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Sharma
- Department of Medical Services, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Hemangi Sane
- Department of Research and Development, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Nandini Gokulchandran
- Department of Medical Services, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Suhasini Pai
- Department of Research and Development, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Pooja Kulkarni
- Department of Research and Development, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India.
| | - Vaishali Ganwir
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Maitree Maheshwari
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Ridhima Sharma
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Meenakshi Raichur
- Department of Neurorehabilitation, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Samson Nivins
- Department of Research and Development, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
| | - Prerna Badhe
- Department of Medical Services, NeuroGen Brain and Spine Institute, Plot No. 19, Sector 40, Opp Rail Vihar, Next to Seawood Station (w), Navi Mumbai, 400706, India
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Song CG, Zhang YZ, Wu HN, Cao XL, Guo CJ, Li YQ, Zheng MH, Han H. Stem cells: a promising candidate to treat neurological disorders. Neural Regen Res 2018; 13:1294-1304. [PMID: 30028342 PMCID: PMC6065243 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.235085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurologic impairments are usually irreversible as a result of limited regeneration in the central nervous system. Therefore, based on the regenerative capacity of stem cells, transplantation therapies of various stem cells have been tested in basic research and preclinical trials, and some have shown great prospects. This manuscript overviews the cellular and molecular characteristics of embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, neural stem cells, retinal stem/progenitor cells, mesenchymal stem/stromal cells, and their derivatives in vivo and in vitro as sources for regenerative therapy. These cells have all been considered as candidates to treat several major neurological disorders and diseases, owing to their self-renewal capacity, multi-directional differentiation, neurotrophic properties, and immune modulation effects. We also review representative basic research and recent clinical trials using stem cells for neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, Alzheimer’s disease, and age-related macular degeneration, as well as traumatic brain injury and glioblastoma. In spite of a few unsuccessful cases, risks of tumorigenicity, and ethical concerns, most results of animal experiments and clinical trials demonstrate efficacious therapeutic effects of stem cells in the treatment of nervous system disease. In summary, these emerging findings in regenerative medicine are likely to contribute to breakthroughs in the treatment of neurological disorders. Thus, stem cells are a promising candidate for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Geng Song
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi-Zhe Zhang
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hai-Ning Wu
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiu-Li Cao
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Chen-Jun Guo
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yong-Qiang Li
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Min-Hua Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Hua Han
- Department of Medical Genetics and Developmental Biology, Fourth Military Medical University; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Napoli E, Lippert T, Borlongan CV. Stem Cell Therapy: Repurposing Cell-Based Regenerative Medicine Beyond Cell Replacement. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1079:87-91. [PMID: 29480446 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells exhibit simple and naive cellular features, yet their exact purpose for regenerative medicine continues to elude even the most elegantly designed research paradigms from developmental biology to clinical therapeutics. Based on their capacity to divide indefinitely and their dynamic differentiation into any type of tissue, the advent of transplantable stem cells has offered a potential treatment for aging-related and injury-mediated diseases. Recent laboratory evidence has demonstrated that transplanted human neural stem cells facilitate endogenous reparative mechanisms by initiating multiple regenerative processes in the brain neurogenic areas. Within these highly proliferative niches reside a myriad of potent regenerative molecules, including anti-inflammatory cytokines, proteomes, and neurotrophic factors, altogether representing a biochemical cocktail vital for restoring brain function in the aging and diseased brain. Here, we advance the concept of therapeutically repurposing stem cells not towards cell replacement per se, but rather exploiting the cells' intrinsic properties to serve as the host brain regenerative catalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Napoli
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
| | - Trenton Lippert
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA.
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Laminin-derived Ile-Lys-Val-ala-Val: a promising bioactive peptide in neural tissue engineering in traumatic brain injury. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 371:223-236. [PMID: 29082446 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-017-2717-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The adult brain has a very limited regeneration capacity and there is no effective treatment currently available for brain injury. Neuroprotective drugs aim to reduce the intensity of cell degeneration but do not trigger tissue regeneration. Cell replacement therapy is a novel strategy to overcome brain injury-induced disability. To enhance cell viability and neuronal differentiation, developing bioactive scaffolds combined with stem cells for transplantation is a crucial approach in brain tissue engineering. Cell interactions with the extracellular matrix (ECM) play a vital role in neuronal cell survival, neurite outgrowth, attachment, migration, differentiation, and proliferation. Thus, appropriate cell-ECM interactions are essential when designing and modifying scaffolds for application in neural tissue engineering. To improve cell-ECM interactions, scaffolds can be modified with bioactive peptides. Here, we discuss the characteristic features of laminin-derived Ile-Lys-Val-Ala-Val (IKVAV) sequence as a bio-functional motif in scaffolds and the behavior of stem cells in scaffolds conjugated with the IKVAV peptide. The incorporation of this bioactive peptide in nanofiber scaffolds markedly improves stem cell behavior and may be a potential method for cell replacement therapy in traumatic brain injury.
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Schimmel SJ, Acosta S, Lozano D. Neuroinflammation in traumatic brain injury: A chronic response to an acute injury. Brain Circ 2017; 3:135-142. [PMID: 30276315 PMCID: PMC6057689 DOI: 10.4103/bc.bc_18_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2017] [Revised: 09/02/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Every year, approximately 1.4 million US citizens visit emergency rooms for traumatic brain injuries. Formerly known as an acute injury, chronic neurodegenerative symptoms such as compromised motor skills, decreased cognitive abilities, and emotional and behavioral changes have caused the scientific community to consider chronic aspects of the disorder. The injury causing impact prompts multiple cell death processes, starting with neuronal necrosis, and progressing to various secondary cell death mechanisms. Secondary cell death mechanisms, including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and inflammation accompany chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) and often contribute to long-term disabilities. One hallmark of both acute and chronic TBI is neuroinflammation. In acute stages, neuroinflammation is beneficial and stimulates an anti-inflammatory response to the damage. Conversely, in chronic TBI, excessive inflammation stimulates the aforementioned secondary cell death. Converting inflammatory cells from pro-inflammatory to anti-inflammatory may expand the therapeutic window for treating TBI, as inflammation plays a role in all stages of the injury. By expanding current research on the role of inflammation in TBI, treatment options and clinical outcomes for afflicted individuals may improve. This paper is a review article. Referred literature in this paper has been listed in the references section. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available online by searching various databases, including PubMed. Some original points in this article come from the laboratory practice in our research center and the authors' experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Diego Lozano
- School of Medicine, University of Miami School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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Stem cell therapy for abrogating stroke-induced neuroinflammation and relevant secondary cell death mechanisms. Prog Neurobiol 2017; 158:94-131. [PMID: 28743464 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 171] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a leading cause of death worldwide. A key secondary cell death mechanism mediating neurological damage following the initial episode of ischemic stroke is the upregulation of endogenous neuroinflammatory processes to levels that destroy hypoxic tissue local to the area of insult, induce apoptosis, and initiate a feedback loop of inflammatory cascades that can expand the region of damage. Stem cell therapy has emerged as an experimental treatment for stroke, and accumulating evidence supports the therapeutic efficacy of stem cells to abrogate stroke-induced inflammation. In this review, we investigate clinically relevant stem cell types, such as hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs), very small embryonic-like stem cells (VSELs), neural stem cells (NSCs), extraembryonic stem cells, adipose tissue-derived stem cells, breast milk-derived stem cells, menstrual blood-derived stem cells, dental tissue-derived stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), teratocarcinoma-derived Ntera2/D1 neuron-like cells (NT2N), c-mycER(TAM) modified NSCs (CTX0E03), and notch-transfected mesenchymal stromal cells (SB623), comparing their potential efficacy to sequester stroke-induced neuroinflammation and their feasibility as translational clinical cell sources. To this end, we highlight that MSCs, with a proven track record of safety and efficacy as a transplantable cell for hematologic diseases, stand as an attractive cell type that confers superior anti-inflammatory effects in stroke both in vitro and in vivo. That stem cells can mount a robust anti-inflammatory action against stroke complements the regenerative processes of cell replacement and neurotrophic factor secretion conventionally ascribed to cell-based therapy in neurological disorders.
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Caprnda M, Kubatka P, Gazdikova K, Gasparova I, Valentova V, Stollarova N, La Rocca G, Kobyliak N, Dragasek J, Mozos I, Prosecky R, Siniscalco D, Büsselberg D, Rodrigo L, Kruzliak P. Immunomodulatory effects of stem cells: Therapeutic option for neurodegenerative disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 91:60-69. [PMID: 28448871 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 04/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells have the capability of self-renewal and can differentiate into different cell types that might be used in regenerative medicine. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), multiple sclerosis (MS), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) currently lack effective treatments. Although stem cell therapy is still on the way from bench to bedside, we consider that it might provide new hope for patients suffering with neurodegenerative diseases. In this article, we will give an overview of recent studies on the potential therapeutic use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and perinatal stem cells to neurodegenerative disorders and we will describe their immunomodulatory mechanisms of action in specific therapeutic modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Caprnda
- 1st Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Peter Kubatka
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia; Division of Oncology, Biomedical Center Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Katarina Gazdikova
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia; Department of General Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Iveta Gasparova
- Institute of Biology, Genetics and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University and University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Vanda Valentova
- Department of Medical Biology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine, Comenius University, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Nadezda Stollarova
- Catholic University in Ružomberok, Faculty of Pedagogy, Department of Biology and Ecology, Ružomberok, Slovakia
| | - Giampiero La Rocca
- Human Anatomy Section, Department of Experimental Biomedicine and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Palermo and Euro-Mediterranean Institute of Science and Technology (IEMEST), Palermo, Italy
| | - Nazarii Kobyliak
- Endocrinology Department, Bogomolets National Medical University, Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Jozef Dragasek
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Safarik University and University Hospital, Kosice, Slovakia
| | - Ioana Mozos
- Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Pathophysiology, "Victor Babes" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania
| | - Robert Prosecky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Merciful Brotherś Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Dario Siniscalco
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Dietrich Büsselberg
- Weill Cornell Medical College in Qatar, Qatar Foundation - Education City, Doha, Qatar
| | - Luis Rodrigo
- University of Oviedo, Central University Hospital of Asturias (HUCA), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Peter Kruzliak
- Department of Chemical Drugs, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Veterinary and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic; 2nd Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine,St. Annés University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic.
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Zhou L, Lin Q, Wang P, Yao L, Leong K, Tan Z, Huang Z. Enhanced neuroprotective efficacy of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells co-overexpressing BDNF and VEGF in a rat model of cardiac arrest-induced global cerebral ischemia. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2774. [PMID: 28492549 PMCID: PMC5520708 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac arrest-induced global cerebral ischemia injury (CA-GCII) usually leads to a poor neurological outcome without an effective treatment. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) may provide a potential cell-based therapy against neurologic disorders through induction of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). To optimize the neuroprotective efficacy of BMMSCs further, in this study we have derived BMMSCs, which co-overexpress both BDNF and VEGF, and tested them for the treatment of CA-GCII in a rat model. Lentiviruses that express rat BDNF exon IV or VEGF-A were created using the bicistronic shuttle vectors of pLVX-IRES-ZsGreen1 and pLVX-IRES-tdTomato, respectively. BMMSCs that were co-transduced with the engineered lentiviruses with co-overexpression of both BDNF and VEGF along with corresponding fluorescent protein reporters were injected via jugular vein of rats that just recovered from a cardiac arrest. Animals were then scored for neurofunctional deficits and examined for brain pathology and gene expression relevant to the engraftment seven days after the treatments. We demonstrate that anchorage of lentiviral vector-transduced BMMSCs, which co-overexpressed both BDNF and VEGF in the hippocampus and temporal cortex along with significantly ameliorated brain pathology and improved neurofunctional performance in CA-GCII rats after transplantation. These findings provide a proof of concept for the further validation of engineered BMMSCs for the treatment of CA-GCII patients in clinical practice in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhou
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Qingming Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Provincial Hospital, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350001, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Lan Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Kahong Leong
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Hospital Conde S. Januario, Macau, China
| | - Zhiqun Tan
- Institute for Memory Impairments and Neurological Disorders, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.,Institute of Precision Medicine, Jining Medical University, Jining 272067, China
| | - Zitong Huang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Institute of Cardiopulmonary Cerebral Resuscitation, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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Lee JY, Xu K, Nguyen H, Guedes VA, Borlongan CV, Acosta SA. Stem Cell-Induced Biobridges as Possible Tools to Aid Neuroreconstruction after CNS Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2017; 5:51. [PMID: 28540289 PMCID: PMC5424542 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2017.00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Notch-induced mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) mediate a distinct mechanism of repair after brain injury by forming a biobridge that facilitates biodistribution of host cells from a neurogenic niche to the area of injury. We have observed the biobridge in an area between the subventricular zone and the injured cortex using immunohistochemistry and laser capture. Cells in the biobridge express high levels of extracellular matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), specifically MMP-9, which co-localized with a trail of MSCs graft. The transplanted stem cells then become almost undetectable, being replaced by newly recruited host cells. This stem cell-paved biobridge provides support for distal migration of host cells from the subventricular zone to the site of injury. Biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells seems to have a fundamental role in initiating endogenous repair processes. Two major stem cell-mediated repair mechanisms have been proposed thus far: direct cell replacement by transplanted grafts and bystander effects through the secretion of trophic factors including fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF-2), epidermal growth factor (EGF), stem cell factor (SCF), erythropoietin, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) among others. This groundbreaking observation of biobridge formation by transplanted stem cells represents a novel mechanism for stem cell mediated brain repair. Future studies on graft-host interaction will likely establish biobridge formation as a fundamental mechanism underlying therapeutic effects of stem cells and contribute to the scientific pursuit of developing safe and efficient therapies not only for traumatic brain injury but also for other neurological disorders. The aim of this review is to hypothetically extend concepts related to the formation of biobridges in other central nervous system disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jea Y Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Kaya Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Vivian A Guedes
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra A Acosta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of MedicineTampa, FL, USA
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Sokol J, Lippert T, Borlongan CV, Stuppia L. Translating amniotic fluid-derived stem cells for transplantation in stroke. Chin Neurosurg J 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41016-016-0055-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Carvajal HG, Suárez-Meade P, Borlongan CV. Amnion-derived stem cell transplantation: A novel treatment for neurological disorders. Brain Circ 2016; 2:1-7. [PMID: 30276271 PMCID: PMC6126246 DOI: 10.4103/2394-8108.178537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 01/03/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we evaluated the literature reporting the use of amniotic stem cells (ASCs) in regenerative medicine for the treatment of neurological disorders. There is an increasing amount of evidence that indicates the exacerbation of the primary injury by inflammation in neurological disorders characterized by rampant inflammation, thereby increasing damage to the central nervous system (CNS). To address this, we focus on the amnion cells' anti-inflammatory properties, which make their transplantation a promising treatment for these disorders. In addition, we offered insights into new applications of the ASC in the fields of regenerative medicine and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Horacio G Carvajal
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Paola Suárez-Meade
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
| | - Cesario V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, Florida, USA
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40
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Mashkouri S, Crowley MG, Liska MG, Corey S, Borlongan CV. Utilizing pharmacotherapy and mesenchymal stem cell therapy to reduce inflammation following traumatic brain injury. Neural Regen Res 2016; 11:1379-1384. [PMID: 27857726 PMCID: PMC5090825 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.191197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathologic process of chronic phase traumatic brain injury is associated with spreading inflammation, cell death, and neural dysfunction. It is thought that sequestration of inflammatory mediators can facilitate recovery and promote an environment that fosters cellular regeneration. Studies have targeted post-traumatic brain injury inflammation with the use of pharmacotherapy and cell therapy. These therapeutic options are aimed at reducing the edematous and neurodegenerative inflammation that have been associated with compromising the integrity of the blood-brain barrier. Although studies have yielded positive results from anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapy and cell therapy individually, emerging research has begun to target inflammation using combination therapy. The joint use of anti-inflammatory drugs alongside stem cell transplantation may provide better clinical outcomes for traumatic brain injury patients. Despite the promising results in this field of research, it is important to note that most of the studies mentioned in this review have completed their studies using animal models. Translation of this research into a clinical setting will require additional laboratory experiments and larger preclinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherwin Mashkouri
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marci G Crowley
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael G Liska
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sydney Corey
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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41
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Elias M, Hoover J, Nguyen H, Reyes S, Lawton C, Borlongan CV. Stroke therapy: the potential of amniotic fluid-derived stem cells. FUTURE NEUROLOGY 2015; 10:321-326. [PMID: 26401122 DOI: 10.2217/fnl.15.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maya Elias
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jaclyn Hoover
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Hung Nguyen
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Stephanny Reyes
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Christopher Lawton
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, FL 33612, USA ; Center of Excellence for Aging & Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery & Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, 12901 Bruce B Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Abstract
The field of stem cell therapy has emerged as a promising research area for brain repair. Optimizing the safety and efficacy of the therapy for clinical trials will require revisiting transplantation protocols. The cell delivery route stands as a key translational item that warrants careful consideration in facilitating the success of stem cell therapy in the clinic. Intracerebral administration, compared to peripheral route, requires an invasive procedure to directly implant stem cells into injured brain. Although invasive, intracerebral transplantation circumvents the prohibitive blood brain barrier in allowing grafted cells when delivered peripherally to penetrate the brain and reach the discreet damaged brain tissues. This review will highlight milestone discoveries in cell therapy for neurological disorders, with emphasis on intracerebral transplantation in relevant animal models and provide insights necessary to optimize the safety and efficacy of cell therapy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, stroke and traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanny Reyes
- Center of Excellence for Aging and Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, MDC 78, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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Lozano D, Gonzales-Portillo GS, Acosta S, de la Pena I, Tajiri N, Kaneko Y, Borlongan CV. Neuroinflammatory responses to traumatic brain injury: etiology, clinical consequences, and therapeutic opportunities. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:97-106. [PMID: 25657582 PMCID: PMC4295534 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s65815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 228] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a serious public health problem accounting for 1.4 million emergency room visits by US citizens each year. Although TBI has been traditionally considered an acute injury, chronic symptoms reminiscent of neurodegenerative disorders have now been recognized. These progressive neurodegenerative-like symptoms manifest as impaired motor and cognitive skills, as well as stress, anxiety, and mood affective behavioral alterations. TBI, characterized by external bumps or blows to the head exceeding the brain's protective capacity, causes physical damage to the central nervous system with accompanying neurological dysfunctions. The primary impact results in direct neural cell loss predominantly exhibiting necrotic death, which is then followed by a wave of secondary injury cascades including excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, blood-brain barrier disruption, and inflammation. All these processes exacerbate the damage, worsen the clinical outcomes, and persist as an evolving pathological hallmark of what we now describe as chronic TBI. Neuroinflammation in the acute stage of TBI mobilizes immune cells, astrocytes, cytokines, and chemokines toward the site of injury to mount an antiinflammatory response against brain damage; however, in the chronic stage, excess activation of these inflammatory elements contributes to an "inflamed" brain microenvironment that principally contributes to secondary cell death in TBI. Modulating these inflammatory cells by changing their phenotype from proinflammatory to antiinflammatory would likely promote therapeutic effects on TBI. Because neuroinflammation occurs at acute and chronic stages after the primary insult in TBI, a treatment targeting neuroinflammation may have a wider therapeutic window for TBI. To this end, a better understanding of TBI etiology and clinical manifestations, especially the pathological presentation of chronic TBI with neuroinflammation as a major component, will advance our knowledge on inflammation-based disease mechanisms and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Lozano
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Gabriel S Gonzales-Portillo
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Sandra Acosta
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Ike de la Pena
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Naoki Tajiri
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Yuji Kaneko
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Cesar V Borlongan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Brain Repair, University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL, USA
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