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Liu C, Huang R, Zhao X, Xu R, Zhang J, Li X, Liu G, Dong R, Liu P. Comparative analysis of lipid and flavonoid biosynthesis between Pongamia and soybean seeds: genomic, transcriptional, and metabolic perspectives. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2024; 17:86. [PMID: 38915078 PMCID: PMC11197198 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02538-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Soybean (Glycine max) is a vital oil-producing crop. Augmenting oleic acid (OA) levels in soybean oil enhances its oxidative stability and health benefits, representing a key objective in soybean breeding. Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata), known for its abundant oil, OA, and flavonoid in the seeds, holds promise as a biofuel and medicinal plant. A comparative analysis of the lipid and flavonoid biosynthesis pathways in Pongamia and soybean seeds would facilitate the assessment of the potential value of Pongamia seeds and advance the genetic improvements of seed traits in both species. RESULTS The study employed multi-omics analysis to systematically compare differences in metabolite accumulation and associated biosynthetic genes between Pongamia seeds and soybean seeds at the transcriptional, metabolic, and genomic levels. The results revealed that OA is the predominant free fatty acid in Pongamia seeds, being 8.3 times more abundant than in soybean seeds. Lipidomics unveiled a notably higher accumulation of triacylglycerols (TAGs) in Pongamia seeds compared to soybean seeds, with 23 TAG species containing OA. Subsequently, we identified orthologous groups (OGs) involved in lipid biosynthesis across 25 gene families in the genomes of Pongamia and soybean, and compared the expression levels of these OGs in the seeds of the two species. Among the OGs with expression levels in Pongamia seeds more than twice as high as in soybean seeds, we identified one fatty acyl-ACP thioesterase A (FATA) and two stearoyl-ACP desaturases (SADs), responsible for OA biosynthesis, along with two phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (PDATs) and three acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferases (DGATs), responsible for TAG biosynthesis. Furthermore, we observed a significantly higher content of the flavonoid formononetin in Pongamia seeds compared to soybean seeds, by over 2000-fold. This difference may be attributed to the tandem duplication expansions of 2,7,4'-trihydroxyisoflavanone 4'-O-methyltransferases (HI4'OMTs) in the Pongamia genome, which are responsible for the final step of formononetin biosynthesis, combined with their high expression levels in Pongamia seeds. CONCLUSIONS This study extends beyond observations made in single-species research by offering novel insights into the molecular basis of differences in lipid and flavonoid biosynthetic pathways between Pongamia and soybean, from a cross-species comparative perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Xingkun Zhao
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Ranran Xu
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Jianyu Zhang
- School of Tropical Agriculture and Forestry & Sanya Institute Breeding and Multiplication, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228/572025, Sanya, China
| | - Xinyong Li
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China
| | - Guodao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Rongshu Dong
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
| | - Pandao Liu
- Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute & National Key Laboratory for Tropical Crop Breeding, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and Germplasm Enhancement in Southern China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rual Affairs, Haikou, 571101, China.
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Crops Germplasm Resources Genetic Improvement and Innovation of Hainan Province, Haikou, 571101, China.
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Luan F, Zou J, Zhang X, Zeng J, Peng X, Li R, Shi Y, Zeng N. The extraction, purification, structural features, bioactivities, and applications of Schisandra chinensis polysaccharides: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130030. [PMID: 38336330 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis, as a famous medicinal and food homologous plant, has a long history of medicinal and dietary therapy. It has the functions of nourishing the kidney, calming the heart, tranquilising the mind, tonifying Qi and producing fluid to relieve mental stress, based on the theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Accumulating evidence has shown that S. chinensis polysaccharides (SCPs) are one of the most important bioactive macromolecules and exhibit diverse biological activities in vitro and in vivo, including neuroprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, cardioprotective, antitumour and anti-inflammatory activities, etc. This review aims to thoroughly review the recent advances in the extraction and purification methods, structural features, biological activities and structure-activity relationships, potential applications and quality assessment of SCPs, and further highlight the therapeutic potentials and health functions of SCPs in the fields of therapeutic agents and functional food development. Future insights and challenges of SCPs were also critically discussed. Overall, the present review provides a theoretical overview for the further development and utilization of S. chinensis polysaccharides in the health food and pharmaceutical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Luan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Junbo Zou
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jiuseng Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xi Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ruiyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yajun Shi
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Fundamentals and New Drugs Research, School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an 712046, Shaanxi, PR China.
| | - Nan Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, Sichuan, PR China.
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Hizo GH, Rampelotto PH. The Impact of Probiotic Bifidobacterium on Liver Diseases and the Microbiota. Life (Basel) 2024; 14:239. [PMID: 38398748 PMCID: PMC10890151 DOI: 10.3390/life14020239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have shown the promising potential of probiotics, especially the bacterial genus Bifidobacterium, in the treatment of liver diseases. In this work, a systematic review was conducted, with a focus on studies that employed advanced Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technologies to explore the potential of Bifidobacterium as a probiotic for treating liver pathologies such as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH), Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD), Cirrhosis, and Hepatocelullar Carcinoma (HCC) and its impact on the microbiota. Our results indicate that Bifidobacterium is a safe and effective probiotic for treating liver lesions. It successfully restored balance to the intestinal microbiota and improved biochemical and clinical parameters in NAFLD, ALD, and Cirrhosis. No significant adverse effects were identified. While more research is needed to establish its efficacy in treating NASH and HCC, the evidence suggests that Bifidobacterium is a promising probiotic for managing liver lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Henrique Hizo
- Graduate Program in Gastroenterology and Hepatology Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Pabulo Henrique Rampelotto
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Core Facility, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-907, Brazil
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Zheng J, Li Z, Xu H. Intestinal Microbiotas and Alcoholic Hepatitis: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Value. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14809. [PMID: 37834256 PMCID: PMC10573193 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) is a rapidly progressing and severe stage of alcoholic liver disease, presenting a grim prognosis. Extensive research has elucidated several underlying mechanisms that contribute to the development of AH, including metabolic alterations, immune stimulation, and intestinal dysbiosis. These pathological changes intricately intertwine during the progression of AH. Notably, recent studies have increasingly highlighted the pivotal role of alterations in the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of AH. Consequently, future investigations should place significant emphasis on exploring the dynamics of intestinal microbiota. In this comprehensive review, we consolidate the primary causes of AH while underscoring the influence of gut microbes. Furthermore, by examining AH treatment strategies, we delineate the potential therapeutic value of interventions targeting the gut microbiota. Given the existing limitations in AH treatment options, we anticipate that this review will contribute to forthcoming research endeavors aimed at advancing AH treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiazhen Zheng
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Ziyi Li
- Queen Mary School, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China; (J.Z.); (Z.L.)
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
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Pan T, Zheng S, Zheng W, Shi C, Ning K, Zhang Q, Xie Y, Xiang H, Xie Q. Christensenella regulated by Huang-Qi-Ling-Hua-San is a key factor by which to improve type 2 diabetes. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1022403. [PMID: 36312936 PMCID: PMC9597676 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1022403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a lot of evidence that oral hypoglycemic drugs work by affecting gut microbes, but the key strains responsible for this effect are not well known. Huang-Qi-Ling-Hua-San (HQLHS), composed of Astragalus Membranaceus, Ganoderma lucidum, Inonotus obliquus, and Momordica charantia L., is a specially designed Chinese medicine formula to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, a mouse model of T2D induced by high-fat diet and streptozotocin was used to explore the mechanism of HQLHS in improving hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia through multiple rounds of animal experiments, such as HQLHS feeding, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and live bacteria feeding, so as to explore the potential target intestinal flora in its hypoglycemic effect. Results show that such specific taxa as Bifidobacterium, Turicibacter, Alistipes, Romboutsia, and Christensenella were identified to be preferably enriched by HQLHS and then assumed to be the target microbes. Herein, FMT was used to test if the upregulated beneficial bacteria by HQLHS play a therapeutic role. The strain Christensenella minuta DSM 22607 and the strain Christensenella timonensis DSM 102800 were selected to test the beneficial effect of Christensenella taxa on T2D. Diabetic animals supplemented with these strains showed the improvement in blood glucose and lipid metabolism, the promotion of GLP-1 secretion, the increase in antioxidant capacity, the inhibition of hepatic gluconeogenesis, the suppression of intestinal glucose absorption, the enhancement of intestinal barrier, reduced LPS-induced inflammation, and the reduction of branched amino acids (BCAAs) content in the liver. Overall, these data demonstrate that Christensenella plays a beneficial role in T2D and is a target for the action of HQLHS therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Pan
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shujun Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Weiwei Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chao Shi
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ke Ning
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qinghui Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanbo Xie
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyu Xiang, ; Qiuhong Xie, ; Yanbo Xie
| | - Hongyu Xiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyu Xiang, ; Qiuhong Xie, ; Yanbo Xie
| | - Qiuhong Xie
- National Engineering Laboratory for AIDS Vaccine, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
- Institute of Changbai Mountain Resource and Health, Jilin University, Fusong, China
- *Correspondence: Hongyu Xiang, ; Qiuhong Xie, ; Yanbo Xie
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Zafari N, Velayati M, Fahim M, Maftouh M, Pourali G, Khazaei M, Nassiri M, Hassanian SM, Ghayour-Mobarhan M, Ferns GA, Kiani MA, Avan A. Role of gut bacterial and non-bacterial microbiota in alcohol-associated liver disease: Molecular mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic prospective. Life Sci 2022; 305:120760. [PMID: 35787997 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) comprises a spectrum of liver diseases that include: steatosis to alcohol-associated hepatitis, cirrhosis, and ultimately hepatocellular carcinoma. The pathophysiology and potential underlying mechanisms for alcohol-associated liver disease are unclear. Moreover, the treatment of ALD remains a challenge. Intestinal microbiota include bacteria, fungi, and viruses, that are now known to be important in the development of ALD. Alcohol consumption can change the gut microbiota and function leading to liver disease. Given the importance of interactions between intestinal microbiota, alcohol, and liver injury, the gut microbiota has emerged as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. This review focuses on the potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota may be involved in the pathogenesis of ALD and explains how this can be translated into clinical management. We discuss the potential of utilizing the gut microbiota signature as a biomarker in ALD patients. Additionally, we present an overview of the prospect of modulating the intestinal microbiota for the management of ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nima Zafari
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahla Velayati
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mostafa Fahim
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mina Maftouh
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ghazaleh Pourali
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Khazaei
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Nassiri
- Recombinant Proteins Research Group, The Research Institute of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahdi Hassanian
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Majid Ghayour-Mobarhan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Gordon A Ferns
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Division of Medical Education, Falmer, Brighton, Sussex BN1 9PH, UK
| | - Mohammad Ali Kiani
- Department of Pediatrics, Akbar Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Avan
- Metabolic Syndrome Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Basic Sciences Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Xiang JY, Chi YY, Han JX, Kong P, Liang Z, Wang D, Xiang H, Xie Q. Litchi chinensis seed prevents obesity and modulates the gut microbiota and mycobiota compositions in high-fat diet-induced obese zebrafish. Food Funct 2022; 13:2832-2845. [DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03991a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Obesity continues to be a global public health challenge. Litchi chinensis seed is rich in bioactive ingredients with pharmacological effects, such as hypoglycemic activity and anti-oxidation. This study aimed to...
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