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Moctezuma-Velázquez P. The Importance of Muscle Mass Analysis in Acute Diseases. Chest 2023; 164:269-270. [PMID: 37558316 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2023.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
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Detopoulou P, Dedes V, Pylarinou I, Syka D, Tzirogiannis K, Panoutsopoulos GI. Dietary acid load is associated with waist circumference in university students with low adherence to the Mediterranean diet: The potential role of ultra-processed foods. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 56:43-51. [PMID: 37344082 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary acid load (DAL), as expressed by potential renal acid load (PRAL) and net acid production (NEAP), is connected to cardiometabolic disorders and obesity. Mediterranean diet relates to lower, while western diets to higher DAL values. The present study aimed to assess the association of PRAL and NEAP with adiposity measures in young adults (19.61 ± 3.15 years, mean ± standard deviation) and explore the implication of Mediterranean diet adherence and ultra-processed foods (UPF) intake in this relation. METHODS 346 students (269 women) participated. Anthropometry was performed, and a food frequency questionnaire was administered. The MedDietScore was calculated, UPF consumption was calculated based on the NOVA classification and PRAL/NEAP was estimated from published equations. Waist Circumference (WC) was transformed to WC-1 (1/WC) in order to achieve normality and run linear regression models. RESULTS In subjects with MedDietScore ≤ 28.00, PRAL and NEAP were negatively associated with 1/WC (B = -1.594 × 10-5± 8 × 10-6, p = 0.044 for PRAL and B = -2.84 × 10-5 ± 1 × 10-5, p = 0.048 for NEAP). Moreover, in this subgroup, subjects with medium to high UPF intake i.e., in the 2nd or 3rd tertile of UPF intake representing more than 34.16% of energy, PRAL (2nd tertile B = -0.00007, SE = 0.00003, p = 0.018; 3rd tertile B = -0.00002, SE = 0.00001, p = 0.024) and NEAP (2nd tertile B = -0.00004, SE = 0.00002, p = 0.040; 3rd tertile B = -0.00007, SE = 0.00004, p = 0.055) were connected to central obesity. In similar models, PRAL and NEAP were not significant predictors of BMI. CONCLUSION The DAL may be related to central obesity, especially in individuals with worse dietary quality, as reflected by lower adherence to the Mediterranean diet, and high intake of UPF. Nutrition guidance aiming at the reduction of DAL may be useful in the reduction of central obesity in these subgroups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio Benakio, Athanassaki 2, 11526, Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Dedes
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Ioanna Pylarinou
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Dimitra Syka
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece
| | | | - Georgios I Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Science and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Peloponnese, New Building, Antikalamos, 24100 Kalamata, Greece.
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Khoonin W, Shantavasinkul PC, Santivarangkna C, Praengam K, Trachootham D. Eicosapentaenoic acid and branched-chain amino acids fortified complete nutrition drink improved muscle strength in older individuals with inadequate protein intake. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1164469. [PMID: 37457975 PMCID: PMC10349202 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1164469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated inflammation and negative nutritional balance contribute to sarcopenia, a progressive loss of muscle mass, strength, and function. This study investigated the effect of energy supplementation and the combination of anti-inflammatory factor (eicosapentaenoic acid; EPA) and muscle-synthesis promotor (branched-chain amino acids; BCAA) on body composition, muscle, and inflammatory biomarkers in elderly with inadequate protein intake. Methods A randomized blinded placebo-controlled trial was conducted on 84 elderly with inadequate protein intake. The participants were randomly assigned into four groups receiving a complete nutrition drink; (1) control formula, (2) fortified with 2.2 g EPA, (3) with 2.2 g EPA and 5 g BCAA (2:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val), and (4) with 2.2 g EPA plus 5g BCAA (4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val). Each subject consumed two sachets of the drink to gain 500 kcal/day and performed arm muscle exercises for 3 weeks. Body compositions and handgrip strength were measured using BIA and a dynamometer, respectively. Plasma EPA and BCAA levels were determined using LC-MS/MS to ensure compliance. Muscle protein biomarkers including histidine, β-alanine, and carnosine were measured using LC-MS/MS. Serum inflammatory (IL-6) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10) were measured by using ELISA. Results No symptoms and signs of adverse events were observed. The right arm muscle mass and handgrip strength were significantly increased after consuming a complete nutrition drink fortified with EPA + BCAA 2:1:1 and 4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively. Consistently, consuming such combinatory formula non-significantly elevated carnosine with reduced histidine, and increased IL-10 with decreased IL-6. All relevant intervention groups showed a significant increase in plasma levels of BCAA and EPA. Conclusion Consuming a complete nutrition drink fortified with 2.2g EPA and 5g BCAA 2:1:1 or 4:1:1 of Leu: Ile: Val for 3 weeks may increase right arm muscle mass and strength in elderly with inadequate protein intake. The tendency of increased dipeptide (carnosine)/decreased free amino acid (histidine) suggests a shift toward muscle protein synthesis. The trend of decreased inflammatory/increased anti-inflammatory cytokines suggests an anti-inflammatory effect. Future long-term studies are warranted to confirm the combinatory effect of BCAA and EPA in the prevention of sarcopenia. Clinical trial registration Thailand Clinical Trial Registry No. TCTR20230116005.
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Affiliation(s)
- Watcharapol Khoonin
- Doctor of Philosophy Program in Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Ramathibodi Hospital and Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | - Kemika Praengam
- Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
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Guerrero-Romero F, Micke O, Simental-Mendía LE, Rodríguez-Morán M, Vormann J, Iotti S, Banjanin N, Rosanoff A, Baniasadi S, Pourdowlat G, Nechifor M. Importance of Magnesium Status in COVID-19. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12050735. [PMID: 37237547 DOI: 10.3390/biology12050735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A large amount of published research points to the interesting concept (hypothesis) that magnesium (Mg) status may have relevance for the outcome of COVID-19 and that Mg could be protective during the COVID disease course. As an essential element, Mg plays basic biochemical, cellular, and physiological roles required for cardiovascular, immunological, respiratory, and neurological functions. Both low serum and dietary Mg have been associated with the severity of COVID-19 outcomes, including mortality; both are also associated with COVID-19 risk factors such as older age, obesity, type 2 diabetes, kidney disease, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and asthma. In addition, populations with high rates of COVID-19 mortality and hospitalization tend to consume diets high in modern processed foods, which are generally low in Mg. In this review, we review the research to describe and consider the possible impact of Mg and Mg status on COVID-19 showing that (1) serum Mg between 2.19 and 2.26 mg/dL and dietary Mg intakes > 329 mg/day could be protective during the disease course and (2) inhaled Mg may improve oxygenation of hypoxic COVID-19 patients. In spite of such promise, oral Mg for COVID-19 has thus far been studied only in combination with other nutrients. Mg deficiency is involved in the occurrence and aggravation of neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19, including memory loss, cognition, loss of taste and smell, ataxia, confusion, dizziness, and headache. Potential of zinc and/or Mg as useful for increasing drug therapy effectiveness or reducing adverse effect of anti-COVID-19 drugs is reviewed. Oral Mg trials of patients with COVID-19 are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Oliver Micke
- Department of Radiation Therapy and Radiation Oncology, Franziskus Hospital, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | | | | - Juergen Vormann
- Institute for Prevention and Nutrition, 85737 Ismaning, Germany
| | - Stefano Iotti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, Universita di Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- National Institute of Biostructures and Biosystems, 00136 Rome, Italy
| | - Nikolina Banjanin
- Institute of Hygiene and Medical Ecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Andrea Rosanoff
- CMER Center for Magnesium Education & Research, Pahoa, HI 96778, USA
| | - Shadi Baniasadi
- Tracheal Diseases Research Center, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Guitti Pourdowlat
- Chronic Respiratory Diseases Research Centre, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 198396-3113, Iran
| | - Mihai Nechifor
- Department of Pharmacology, Gr. T Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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Papadopoulou SK, Nikolaidis PT. Low-Carbohydrate Diet and Human Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15082004. [PMID: 37111222 PMCID: PMC10143153 DOI: 10.3390/nu15082004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-carbohydrate diets were initially recommended as a therapeutic dietary scheme for epilepsy, while increasing evidence suggests their potential application in the management of several other pathologies, such as diabetes, neoplasms, gastrointestinal and lung diseases, diseases of the cardiovascular system, as well as obesity [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sousana K Papadopoulou
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, International Hellenic University, 57001 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Pantelis T Nikolaidis
- School of Health and Caring Sciences, University of West Attica, 12243 Athens, Greece
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Detopoulou P, Panoutsopoulos GI. How processed is the hospital menu? An analysis based on NOVA food scoring system. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2023; 53:277-281. [PMID: 36657926 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Having healthier, less processed hospital menus is an emerging issue. Diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPF) have lower nutrient density, but the incidence of UPF in hospital menus has not been previously addressed. The present study determined the presence of UPF, minimally processed foods (MPF) and processed culinary ingredients (PCI) and their correlations with provided energy and nutrients. METHODS We recorded the hospital diet for 14 consecutive days and analyzed it with the USDA database, and published NOVA values. RESULTS The NOVA score of the menu was 1.90, 1.80-1.93, while the energy from UPF was 25.2%, 23.2%-29.9% (medians, interquartile ranges). Energy from UPF was positively related to beta-cryptoxanthin and negatively associated with dietary cholesterol and manganese. In contrast, the energy from MPF and PCI was positively associated with energy, protein, zinc, selenium, iron and B12. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, MPF and PCI in hospital diets relate to higher energy, protein and several micronutrients, which is essential to combat hospital malnutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition, General Hospital Korgialenio- Benakio (Red Cross Hospital), Athens, Greece; Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece.
| | - G I Panoutsopoulos
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
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Detopoulou P, Panoutsopoulos GI, Kalonarchi G, Papamikos V. Is food compass score useful for menu planning in the hospital setting? Nutr Health 2022:2601060221138369. [PMID: 36352736 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221138369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background: The novel food compass score (FCS) may ease food choices and policy actions. Aim: To assess the correlations of FCS with key nutrients in hospital meals. Methods: A 14-day hospital menu was recorded and analyzed with the USDA database and published FCS values. Results: The menu FCS was 40.6 ± 3.7 (mean ± standard deviation). Fish, vegetable, chicken, and egg-based meals had the highest FCS, while pork/beef meals had the lowest FCS. The FCS was positively related to vitamins (vitamin C, thiamine, B6, folate, pantothenic acid, vitamin E, vitamin D, vitamin A, carotenoids), choline and minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, copper, and manganese) and negatively associated with zinc, niacin, and animal protein. Moreover, the FCS was positively related to portions of cheese, fish, vegetables, and eggs and negatively to portions of poultry, refined grains, and margarine. Conclusion: The FCS may help in designing healthier nutrient-dense hospital menus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paraskevi Detopoulou
- Department of Nutrition, 168201General Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio (Red Cross Hospital), Athens, Greece
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, 69211University of Peloponnese, Kalamata, Greece
| | | | - Garifallia Kalonarchi
- Department of Nutrition, 168201General Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio (Red Cross Hospital), Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilios Papamikos
- Department of Nutrition, 168201General Hospital Korgialenio-Benakio (Red Cross Hospital), Athens, Greece
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Development of a Tool for Determining the Equivalence of Nutritional Supplements to Diabetic Food Exchanges. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14163267. [PMID: 36014774 PMCID: PMC9414760 DOI: 10.3390/nu14163267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition is a prevalent issue in hospitals, nursing homes and the community setting. Nutritional products can be used by dietitians to supplement people’s diet by adding energy, macronutrients and other constituents. The aim of the present work was (i) to create a database of nutritional products with information on their energy and macronutrient content, (ii) to estimate the food exchanges of each product and assist in diet plan development for malnourished persons and (iii) to provide a tool for calculation of food exchanges of newly developed products not included in the database. We searched the web for nutritional supplements, and an electronic database with 461 products was generated with data regarding the contained energy and macronutrients of each entry. The following companies were included: Abbott Nutrition, Nestle Nutrition, Nutricia North America, Nutricia Global, Nutricia Europe & Middle East, Axcan Pharma Inc., Kate Farms, Global Health, High Protein, NutriMedical BV, Hormel Health Labs, Hormel Health Labs/Diamond Crystal Brands, Lyons Magnus, Mead Johnson, Medical Nutrition USA Inc., Medtrition, Nutritional Designs Inc., Nutrisens, Humana (Germany), and Vitaflo USA. The created database facilitates product comparisons and categorization into several groups according to energy and protein content. In addition, a tool was created to determine food exchanges for each supplement per serving and/or food exchanges for newly developed products by simply inserting their macronutrient content. The developed tool can facilitate dietitians in comparing products and incorporating them into diet plans, if needed. Such tools may thus serve clinical practice, may be used in dietary or other smart applications and can familiarize dietitians with the digital epoch.
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Zargarzadeh N, Tadbir Vajargah K, Ebrahimzadeh A, Mousavi SM, Khodaveisi H, Akhgarjand C, Toyos FMP, Cerqueira HS, Santos HO, Taghizadeh M, Milajerdi A. Higher Adherence to the Mediterranean Dietary Pattern Is Inversely Associated With Severity of COVID-19 and Related Symptoms: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:911273. [PMID: 35928288 PMCID: PMC9343686 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.911273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) has been associated with a decreased risk of developing a variety of chronic diseases that are comorbidities in COVID-19 patients. However, its association to the severity and symptoms of COVID-19 are still unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between adherence to the MD pattern and COVID-19 severity and symptoms in Iranian hospitalized patients. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 250 COVID-19 patients aged 18 to 65 were examined. We employed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) to obtain data on dietary intake of participants in the year prior to their COVID-19 diagnosis. COVID-19 severity was determined using the National Institutes of Health's Coronavirus Disease 2019 report. Additionally, symptoms associated with COVID-19, inflammatory markers, and other variables were evaluated. The scoring method proposed by Trichopoulou et al. was used to assess adherence to the MD. Results The participants' mean age was 44.1 ± 12.1 years, and 46% of them had severe COVID-19. Patients who adhered more closely to the MD had lower serum C-reactive protein levels (7.80 vs. 37.36 mg/l) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (14.08 vs. 42.65 mm/h). Those with the highest MD score were 77% less likely to have severe COVID-19 after controlling for confounding variables. The MD score was also found to be inversely associated with COVID-19 symptoms, including dyspnea, cough, fever, chills, weakness, myalgia, nausea and vomiting, and sore throat. Conclusion Higher adherence to the MD was associated with a decreased likelihood of COVID-19 severity and symptoms, as well as a shorter duration of hospitalization and convalescence, and inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikan Zargarzadeh
- School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Armin Ebrahimzadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khodaveisi
- Autoimmune Bullous Diseases Research Center, Razi Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Camellia Akhgarjand
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Heitor O. Santos
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Uberlandia (UFU), Uberlandia, Brazil
| | - Mohsen Taghizadeh
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Institute for Basic Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
- *Correspondence: Alireza Milajerdi
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Abstract
Medical nutrition therapy may have a key role in the COVID-19 pandemic. Given the spread of misinformation, the present review organizes and summarizes nutrition recommendations regarding COVID-19, serving as a reference guide for health professionals. Nineteen official recommendations were included of international, US, Asian, European, Canadian, and Australian origin on (i) lactation, (ii) nutrition during quarantine, (iii) nutrition in high-risk groups, (iv) nutrition for recovery at home, and (v) nutrition in hospital. Breastfeeding is encouraged, and the role of hydration and the adoption of a healthy diet during quarantine are emphasized. Older people and/or people with comorbidities should be checked for malnutrition and follow a healthy diet. For patients recovering at home, hydration, protein, and energy intake should be ensured. For hospitalized patients, early feeding with a priority on enteral route is recommended.
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