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Louie AY, Drnevich J, Johnson JL, Woodard M, Kukekova AV, Johnson RW, Steelman AJ. Respiratory infection with influenza A virus delays remyelination and alters oligodendrocyte metabolism. iScience 2024; 27:110464. [PMID: 39104416 PMCID: PMC11298649 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Peripheral viral infection disrupts oligodendrocyte (OL) homeostasis such that endogenous remyelination may be affected. Here, we demonstrate that influenza A virus infection perpetuated a demyelination- and disease-associated OL phenotype following cuprizone-induced demyelination that resulted in delayed OL maturation and remyelination in the prefrontal cortex. Furthermore, we assessed cellular metabolism ex vivo, and found that infection altered brain OL and microglia metabolism in a manner that opposed the metabolic profile induced by remyelination. Specifically, infection increased glycolytic capacity of OLs and microglia, an effect that was recapitulated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation of mixed glia cultures. In contrast, mitochondrial dependence was increased in OLs during remyelination, which was similarly observed in OLs of myelinating P14 mice compared to adult and aged mice. Collectively, our data indicate that respiratory viral infection is capable of suppressing remyelination, and suggest that metabolic dysfunction of OLs is implicated in remyelination impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison Y. Louie
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jenny Drnevich
- Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer L. Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Meagan Woodard
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Anna V. Kukekova
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rodney W. Johnson
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J. Steelman
- Neuroscience Program, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
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2
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You M, Chen N, Yang Y, Cheng L, He H, Cai Y, Liu Y, Liu H, Hong G. The gut microbiota-brain axis in neurological disorders. MedComm (Beijing) 2024; 5:e656. [PMID: 39036341 PMCID: PMC11260174 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown a bidirectional communication between human gut microbiota and the brain, known as the microbiota-gut-brain axis (MGBA). The MGBA influences the host's nervous system development, emotional regulation, and cognitive function through neurotransmitters, immune modulation, and metabolic pathways. Factors like diet, lifestyle, genetics, and environment shape the gut microbiota composition together. Most research have explored how gut microbiota regulates host physiology and its potential in preventing and treating neurological disorders. However, the individual heterogeneity of gut microbiota, strains playing a dominant role in neurological diseases, and the interactions of these microbial metabolites with the central/peripheral nervous systems still need exploration. This review summarizes the potential role of gut microbiota in driving neurodevelopmental disorders (autism spectrum disorder and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder), neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease), and mood disorders (anxiety and depression) in recent years and discusses the current clinical and preclinical gut microbe-based interventions, including dietary intervention, probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation. It also puts forward the current insufficient research on gut microbiota in neurological disorders and provides a framework for further research on neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming You
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Nan Chen
- Master of Public HealthSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yuanyuan Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Lingjun Cheng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Hongzhang He
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yanhua Cai
- Master of Public HealthSchool of Public HealthXiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Yating Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Haiyue Liu
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
| | - Guolin Hong
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Genetic TestingThe Department of Laboratory MedicineThe First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen UniversityXiamenChina
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Morys J, Małecki A, Nowacka-Chmielewska M. Stress and the gut-brain axis: an inflammatory perspective. Front Mol Neurosci 2024; 17:1415567. [PMID: 39092201 PMCID: PMC11292226 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2024.1415567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
The gut-brain axis (GBA) plays a dominant role in maintaining homeostasis as well as contributes to mental health maintenance. The pathways that underpin the axis expand from macroscopic interactions with the nervous system, to the molecular signals that include microbial metabolites, tight junction protein expression, or cytokines released during inflammation. The dysfunctional GBA has been repeatedly linked to the occurrence of anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors development. The importance of the inflammatory aspects of the altered GBA has recently been highlighted in the literature. Here we summarize current reports on GBA signaling which involves the immune response within the intestinal and blood-brain barrier (BBB). We also emphasize the effect of stress response on altering barriers' permeability, and the therapeutic potential of microbiota restoration by probiotic administration or microbiota transplantation, based on the latest animal studies. Most research performed on various stress models showed an association between anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors, dysbiosis of gut microbiota, and disruption of intestinal permeability with simultaneous changes in BBB integrity. It could be postulated that under stress conditions impaired communication across BBB may therefore represent a significant mechanism allowing the gut microbiota to affect brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marta Nowacka-Chmielewska
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Physiotherapy and Health Sciences, Academy of Physical Education, Katowice, Poland
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4
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Song A, Cheng R, Jiang J, Qu H, Wu Z, Qian F, Shen S, Zhang L, Wang Z, Zhao W, Lou Y. Antidepressant-like effects of hyperoside on chronic stress-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice: Gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids. J Affect Disord 2024; 354:356-367. [PMID: 38492650 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The antidepressant effect of hyperoside (HYP), which is the main component of Hypericum perforatum, is not established. This study aimed to determine the effects of HYP on depression. METHODS The antidepressant-like effect of HYP was studied in mice induced by chronic restraint stress (CRS). The effects of HYP on behavior, inflammation, neurotransmitters, gut microbiota, and short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were studied in CRS mice. RESULTS HYP improved depressive-like behavior in mice induced by CRS. Nissl staining analysis showed that HYP improved neuronal damage in CRS mice. Western blot (WB) analysis showed that HYP increased the expression levels of BDNF and PSD95 in the hippocampus of CRS mice. The results of ELISA showed that HYP down-regulated the expression levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α, and CORT in the hippocampus, blood, and intestinal tissues of mice and up-regulated the expression levels of 5-HT and BDNF. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining results indicate that HYP can improve the intestinal histopathological injury of CRS mice. The results of 16S rRNA demonstrated that HYP attenuated the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota of depressed mice, along with altering the concentration of SCFAs. LIMITATIONS In the present study, direct evidence that HYP improves depressive behaviors via gut microbiota and SCFAs is lacking, and only female mice were evaluated, which limits the understanding of the effects of HYP on both sexes. CONCLUSIONS HYP can improve CRS-induced depressive-like behaviors in mice, which is associated with regulating the gut microbiota and SCFAs concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aoqi Song
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Ru Cheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Han Qu
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenghua Wu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Feng Qian
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuyu Shen
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiyu Wang
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjuan Zhao
- Engineering Research Center of Cell & Therapeutic Antibody, Ministry of Education, Pharm-X Center, School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China..
| | - Yuefen Lou
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Fourth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai 200434, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology and Brain Functional Modulation, Shanghai 200434, China.
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Caetano-Silva ME, Rund L, Vailati-Riboni M, Matt S, Soto-Diaz K, Beever J, Allen JM, Woods JA, Steelman AJ, Johnson RW. The emergence of inflammatory microglia during gut inflammation is not affected by FFAR2 expression in intestinal epithelial cells or peripheral myeloid cells. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 118:423-436. [PMID: 38467381 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut inflammation can trigger neuroinflammation and is linked to mood disorders. Microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can modulate microglia, yet the mechanism remains elusive. Since microglia do not express free-fatty acid receptor (FFAR)2, but intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) and peripheral myeloid cells do, we hypothesized that SCFA-mediated FFAR2 activation within the gut or peripheral myeloid cells may impact microglia inflammation. To test this hypothesis, we developed a tamoxifen-inducible conditional knockout mouse model targeting FFAR2 exclusively on IEC and induced intestinal inflammation with dextran sodium sulfate (DSS), a well-established colitis model. Given FFAR2's high expression in myeloid cells, we also investigated its role by selectively deleting it in these populations of cells. In an initial study, male and female wild-type mice received 0 or 2% DSS for 5d and microglia were isolated 3d later to assess inflammatory status. DSS induced intestinal inflammation and upregulated inflammatory gene expression in microglia, indicating inflammatory signaling via the gut-brain axis. Despite the lack of significant effects of sex in the intestinal phenotype, male mice showed higher microglial inflammatory response than females. Subsequent studies using FFAR2 knockout models revealed that FFAR2 expression in IECs or immune myeloid cells did not affect DSS-induced colonic pathology (i.e. clinical and histological scores and colon length), or colonic expression of inflammatory genes. However, FFAR2 knockout led to an upregulation of several microglial inflammatory genes in control mice and downregulation in DSS-treated mice, suggesting that FFAR2 may constrain neuroinflammatory gene expression under healthy homeostatic conditions but may permit it during intestinal inflammation. No interactions with sex were observed, suggesting sex does not play a role on FFAR2 potential function in gut-brain communication in the context of colitis. To evaluate the role of FFAR2 activated by microbiota-derived SCFAs, we employed the same knockout and DSS models adding fermentable dietary fiber (0 or 2.5% inulin for 8 wks). Despite no genotype or fiber main effects, contrary to our hypothesis, inulin feeding augmented DSS-induced inflammation and signs of colitis, suggesting context-dependent effects of fiber. These findings highlight microglial involvement in colitis-associated neuroinflammation and advance our understanding of FFAR2's role in the gut-brain axis. Although not integral, we observed that the role of FFAR2 differs between homeostatic and inflammatory conditions, underscoring the need to consider different inflammatory conditions and disease contexts when investigating the role of FFAR2 and SCFAs in the gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Elisa Caetano-Silva
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Mario Vailati-Riboni
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stephanie Matt
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katiria Soto-Diaz
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jon Beever
- Institute of Agriculture, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jacob M Allen
- Department of Healh and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Department of Healh and Kinesiology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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6
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Shi MM, Xu XF, Sun QM, Luo M, Liu DD, Guo DM, Chen L, Zhong XL, Xu Y, Cao WY. Betaine prevents cognitive dysfunction by suppressing hippocampal microglial activation in chronic social isolated male mice. Phytother Res 2023; 37:4755-4770. [PMID: 37846157 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Chronic social isolation (SI) stress, which became more prevalent during the COVID-19 pandemic, contributes to abnormal behavior, including mood changes and cognitive impairment. Known as a functional nutrient, betaine has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vivo. However, whether betaine can alleviate the abnormal behavior induced by chronic SI in mice remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of betaine in the treatment of behavioral changes and its underlying mechanism. Three-week-old male mice were randomly housed for 8 weeks in either group housing (GH) or SI. The animals were divided into normal saline-treated GH, normal saline-treated SI, and betaine-treated SI groups in the sixth week. The cognitive and depression-like behavior was determined in the eighth week. We found that long-term betaine administration improved cognitive behavior in SI mice but failed to prevent depression-like behavior. Moreover, long-term betaine administration inhibited hippocampal microglia over-activation and polarized microglia toward the M2 phenotype, which effectively inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in SI mice. Finally, the protective effect of betaine treatment in SI mice might not be due to altered activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Collectively, our findings reveal that betaine can improve SI-induced cognitive impairment, thus providing an alternative natural source for the prevention of memory loss caused by SI or loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng Shi
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Fan Xu
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Qiu Min Sun
- Department of Nursing, Yiyang Medical College, Yiyang, Hunan, China
| | - Mingying Luo
- Department of Anatomy and Histology and Embryology, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Dan Dan Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Dong Min Guo
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Ling Chen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Xiao Lin Zhong
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of the University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Neuroscience, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Wen Yu Cao
- Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
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Zhou Y, Xie L, Schröder J, Schuster IS, Nakai M, Sun G, Sun YBY, Mariño E, Degli-Esposti MA, Marques FZ, Grubman A, Polo JM, Mackay CR. Dietary Fiber and Microbiota Metabolite Receptors Enhance Cognition and Alleviate Disease in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease. J Neurosci 2023; 43:6460-6475. [PMID: 37596052 PMCID: PMC10506626 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0724-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with poorly understood etiology. AD has several similarities with other "Western lifestyle" inflammatory diseases, where the gut microbiome and immune pathways have been associated. Previously, we and others have noted the involvement of metabolite-sensing GPCRs and their ligands, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), in protection of numerous Western diseases in mouse models, such as Type I diabetes and hypertension. Depletion of GPR43, GPR41, or GPR109A accelerates disease, whereas high SCFA yielding diets protect in mouse models. Here, we extended the concept that metabolite-sensing receptors and SCFAs may be a more common protective mechanism against Western diseases by studying their role in AD pathogenesis in the 5xFAD mouse model. Both male and female mice were included. Depletion of GPR41 and GPR43 accelerated cognitive decline and impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in 5xFAD and WT mice. Lack of fiber/SCFAs accelerated a memory deficit, whereas diets supplemented with high acetate and butyrate (HAMSAB) delayed cognitive decline in 5xFAD mice. Fiber intake impacted on microglial morphology in WT mice and microglial clustering phenotype in 5xFAD mice. Lack of fiber impaired adult hippocampal neurogenesis in both W and AD mice. Finally, maternal dietary fiber intake significantly affects offspring's cognitive functions in 5xFAD mice and microglial transcriptome in both WT and 5xFAD mice, suggesting that SCFAs may exert their effect during pregnancy and lactation. Together, metabolite-sensing GPCRs and SCFAs are essential for protection against AD, and reveal a new strategy for disease prevention.Significance Statement Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases; currently, there is no cure for AD. In our study, short-chain fatty acids and metabolite receptors play an important role in cognitive function and pathology in AD mouse model as well as in WT mice. SCFAs also impact on microglia transcriptome, and immune cell recruitment. Out study indicates the potential of specialized diets (supplemented with high acetate and butyrate) releasing high amounts of SCFAs to protect against disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Liang Xie
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jan Schröder
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Michael Nakai
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Guizhi Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Yu B Y Sun
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Eliana Mariño
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Center for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia, 6009
| | - Francine Z Marques
- Hypertension Research Laboratory, School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Heart Failure Research Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, 6009
| | - Alexandra Grubman
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Jose M Polo
- Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Development and Stem Cells Program, Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
| | - Charles R Mackay
- Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia, 3800
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China, 6009
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8
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Hutchinson NT, Wang SS, Rund LA, Caetano-Silva ME, Allen JM, Johnson RW, Woods JA. Effects of an inulin fiber diet on the gut microbiome, colon, and inflammatory biomarkers in aged mice. Exp Gerontol 2023; 176:112164. [PMID: 37011713 PMCID: PMC10159939 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2023.112164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to the increasing human life expectancy and limited supply of healthcare resources, strategies to promote healthy aging and reduce associated functional deficits are of public health importance. The gut microbiota, which remodels with age, has been identified as a significant contributor to the aging process that is modifiable by diet. Since prebiotic dietary components such as inulin have been shown to impart positive benefits with regards to aging, this study used C57Bl6 mice to investigate whether 8 weeks on a 2.5 % inulin enhanced AIN-93M 1 % cellulose diet could offset age-associated changes in gut microbiome composition and markers of colon health and systemic inflammation in comparison to a AIN 93M 1 % cellulose diet with 0 % inulin. Our results demonstrated that, in both age groups, dietary inulin significantly increased production of butyrate in the cecum and induced changes in the community structure of the gut microbiome but did not significantly affect systemic inflammation or other markers of gastrointestinal health. Aged mice had different and less diverse microbiomes when compared to adult mice and were less sensitive to inulin-induced microbiome community shifts, evidenced by longitudinal differences in differentially abundant taxa and beta diversity. In aged mice, inulin restored potentially beneficial taxa including Bifidobacterium and key butyrate producing genera (e.g. Faecalibaculum). Despite inducing notable taxonomic changes, however, the 2.5 % inulin diet reduced alpha diversity in both age groups and failed to reduce overall community compositional differences between age groups. In conclusion, a 2.5 % inulin enhanced diet altered gut microbiome α and β diversity, composition, and butyrate production in both adult and aged mice, with more potent effects on β diversity and greater number of taxa significantly altered in adult mice. However, significant benefits in age-associated changes in systemic inflammation or intestinal outcomes were not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah T Hutchinson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Selena S Wang
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Laurie A Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | | | - Jacob M Allen
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, United States of America.
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9
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Caetano-Silva ME, Rund L, Hutchinson NT, Woods JA, Steelman AJ, Johnson RW. Inhibition of inflammatory microglia by dietary fiber and short-chain fatty acids. Sci Rep 2023; 13:2819. [PMID: 36797287 PMCID: PMC9935636 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-27086-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia play a vital role maintaining brain homeostasis but can also cause persistent neuroinflammation. Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced by the intestinal microbiota have been suggested to regulate microglia inflammation indirectly by signaling through the gut-brain axis or directly by reaching the brain. The present work evaluated the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated microglia from mice fed inulin, a soluble fiber that is fermented by intestinal microbiota to produce SCFAs in vivo, and SCFAs applied to primary microglia in vitro. Feeding mice inulin increased SCFAs in the cecum and in plasma collected from the hepatic portal vein. Microglia isolated from mice fed inulin and stimulated with LPS in vitro secreted less tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) compared to microglia from mice not given inulin. Additionally, when mice were fed inulin and injected i.p with LPS, the ex vivo secretion of TNF-α by isolated microglia was lower than that secreted by microglia from mice not fed inulin and injected with LPS. Similarly, in vitro treatment of primary microglia with acetate and butyrate either alone or in combination downregulated microglia cytokine production with the effects being additive. SCFAs reduced histone deacetylase activity and nuclear factor-κB nuclear translocation after LPS treatment in vitro. Whereas microglia expression of SCFA receptors Ffar2 or Ffar3 was not detected by single-cell RNA sequencing analysis, the SCFA transporters Mct1 and Mct4 were. Nevertheless, inhibiting monocarboxylate transporters on primary microglia did not interfere with the anti-inflammatory effects of SCFAs, suggesting that if SCFAs produced in the gut regulate microglia directly it is likely through an epigenetic mechanism following diffusion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laurie Rund
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Noah T Hutchinson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Woods
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Andrew J Steelman
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Rodney W Johnson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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10
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D'Alessandro G, Marrocco F, Limatola C. Microglial cells: Sensors for neuronal activity and microbiota-derived molecules. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1011129. [PMID: 36426369 PMCID: PMC9679421 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1011129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglial cells play pleiotropic homeostatic activities in the brain, during development and in adulthood. Microglia regulate synaptic activity and maturation, and continuously patrol brain parenchyma monitoring for and reacting to eventual alterations or damages. In the last two decades microglia were given a central role as an indicator to monitor the inflammatory state of brain parenchyma. However, the recent introduction of single cell scRNA analyses in several studies on the functional role of microglia, revealed a not-negligible spatio-temporal heterogeneity of microglial cell populations in the brain, both during healthy and in pathological conditions. Furthermore, the recent advances in the knowledge of the mechanisms involved in the modulation of cerebral activity induced by gut microbe-derived molecules open new perspectives for deciphering the role of microglial cells as possible mediators of these interactions. The aim of this review is to summarize the most recent studies correlating gut-derived molecules and vagal stimulation, as well as dysbiotic events, to alteration of brain functioning, and the contribution of microglial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina D'Alessandro
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
| | - Francesco Marrocco
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Limatola
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Laboratory affiliated to Pasteur Italy, University of Rome La Sapienza, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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11
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Xiao W, Li J, Gao X, Yang H, Su J, Weng R, Gao Y, Ni W, Gu Y. Involvement of the gut-brain axis in vascular depression via tryptophan metabolism: A benefit of short chain fatty acids. Exp Neurol 2022; 358:114225. [PMID: 36100045 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral hemodynamic dysfunction and hypoperfusion have been found to underlie vascular depression, but whether the gut-brain axis is involved remains unknown. In this study, a rat model of bilateral common carotid artery occlusion (BCCAO) was adopted to mimic chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. A reduced sucrose preference ratio, increased immobility time in the tail suspension test and forced swim test, and compromised gut homeostasis were found. A promoted conversion of tryptophan (Trp) into kynurenine (Kyn) instead of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) was observed in the hippocampus and gut of BCCAO rats. Meanwhile, 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing suggested a compromised profile of the gut SCFA-producing microbiome, with a decreased serum level of SCFAs revealed by targeted metabolomics analysis. With SCFA supplementation, BCCAO rats exhibited ameliorated depressive-like behaviors and improved gut dysbiosis, compared with the salt-matched BCCAO group. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and quantitative RT-PCR suggested that SCFA supplementation suppressed the conversion of Trp to Kyn and rescued the reduction in 5-HT levels in the hippocampus and gut. In addition to inhibiting the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines, SCFA supplementation ameliorated the activated oxidative stress and reduced the number of microglia and the expression of its proinflammatory markers in the hippocampus post BCCAO. In conclusion, our data suggested the participation of the gut-brain axis in vascular depression, shedding light on the neuroprotective potential of treatment with gut-derived SCFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Heng Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Jiabin Su
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Ruiyuan Weng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
| | - Yanqin Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, MOE Frontier Center for Brain Science and Institutes of Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Wei Ni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China.
| | - Yuxiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, China; Institute of Neurosurgery, Fudan University, Shanghai 200052, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Restoration and Neural Regeneration, Shanghai 200052, China; National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai 200040, China
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