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Guo T, Zhang Q, Wang X, Xu X, Wang Y, Wei L, Li N, Liu H, Hu L, Zhao N, Xu S. Targeted and untargeted metabolomics reveals meat quality in grazing yak during different phenology periods on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Food Chem 2024; 447:138855. [PMID: 38520902 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Yak meat is more popular among consumers because of its high nutritional value, but little attention has been paid to its meat quality, which is affected by different phenology periods grass. We hypothesized that seasonal variations in grass composition influenced the ruminal bacteria community, and eventually affected the meat quality of yaks. This study aims to investigate the relationship of meat quality in grazing yak as well as the key rumen bacteria using targeted and untargeted metabolomics and 16S rRNA during different phenology periods. The main three altered metabolic pathways in grazing yak, including amino acids biosynthesis, glutathione metabolism, and fatty acids biosynthesis, were found in the grass period (GP) group compared to the regreen period (RP) and hay period (HP) groups. The GP group had higher concentrations of flavor amino acids (FAA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), and a lower ratio of n-6/n-3 compared with the RP group. Correlation analysis results showed that Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group was positively correlated with fatty acids and lipid metabolites, which might be involved in lipid metabolism. Pediococcus had a positive correlation with biological peptides, which could be involved in the metabolism of bioactive compounds. In conclusion, grass in different phenology periods was associated with modified amino acids and fatty acids composition of yak meat as well as altered regulation of biological pathways, which was correlated with changes in rumen bacterial communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongqing Guo
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xungang Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Xianli Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yalin Wang
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Na Li
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hongjin Liu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Linyong Hu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Na Zhao
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China
| | - Shixiao Xu
- Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining 810008, China.
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2
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Yin J, Huang M, Duan R, Huang W, Zhang Y. Effects of atrazine on movement, metabolism and gene expression in Pelophylax nigromaculatus larvae under global warming. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 252:119007. [PMID: 38677404 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2024] [Revised: 04/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Global warming and environmental pollutants both pose a threat to the behavior and physiology of animals, but research on the combined effects of the two is limited. Atrazine, a widely used herbicide, has toxic effects on organisms. In this study, the effects of environmental concentrations of atrazine exposure (100 μg/L) for seven days on the movement, metabolism and gene expression related to motility of Pelophylax nigromaculatus larvae (GS8) were investigated under global warming. The results showed that compared to the optimal growth temperature (18 °C), atrazine treatment under global warming (21 °C) significantly increased the average speed (about 11.2 times) and maximum acceleration (about 1.98 times) of P. nigromaculatus larvae, altered the relative abundance of 539 metabolites, including Formyl-5-hydroxykynurenamine, 2,4-Dihydroxybenzophenone, and FAPy-adenine, and changed the nucleotide metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and purine metabolism, as well as increased the gene expression of SPLA2 (about 6.46 times) and CHK (about 3.25 times). In summary, atrazine treatment under global warming caused metabolic disorders in amphibian larvae and increased the expression of some movement-related genes in the brain, resulting in abnormally active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Yin
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Minyi Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China; Key Laboratory of Development, Utilization, Quality and Safety Control of Characteristic Agricultural Resources in Central Hunan Province, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China.
| | - Renyan Duan
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China.
| | - Wentao Huang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
| | - Yuhao Zhang
- College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi, 417000, Hunan, China
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Liu H, Peng W, Mao K, Yang Y, Wu Q, Wang K, Zeng M, Han X, Han J, Zhou H. The Changes in Fecal Bacterial Communities in Goats Offered Rumen-Protected Fat. Microorganisms 2024; 12:822. [PMID: 38674767 PMCID: PMC11052158 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12040822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Leizhou goats are famous for their delicious meat but have inferior growth performance. There is little information on rumen-protected fat (RPF) from the Leizhou goat. Hence, we observed the effects of RPF on growth, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and bacteria community with respect to Leizhou goats. Twelve goats (13.34 ± 0.024 kg) were selected and assigned randomly to one of two treatments: (1) a control diet (CON) and (2) 2.4% RPF with a control diet (RPF). The final body weight and average daily gain (ADG) were greater (p < 0.05), and the dry matter intake (DMI): ADG was lower (p < 0.05) in the RPF group than in the CON group. There were no differences in DMI between the CON and RPF groups. The concentrations of total short-chain fatty acids, acetate, propionate, and butyrate were lower (p < 0.05) in the RPF group than in the CON group. The relative abundances of Ruminococcus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Treponema, norank_f__norank_o__RF39, Eubacterium_siraeum_group, and Ruminococcus_torques_group were lower (p < 0.05) in the RPF group than in the CON group. The relative abundances of Bacteroides, norank_f__norank_o__Clostridia_UCG-014, norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, Eubacterium_ruminantium_group, norank_f__Oscillospirale-UCG-010, Oscillospiraceae_UCG-002, and Family_XIII_AD3011_group were greater (p < 0.05) in the RPF group than in the CON group. It was concluded that RPF could improve the goats' growth performance by regulating their fecal bacteria communities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jiancheng Han
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.L.); (W.P.); (K.M.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.)
| | - Hanlin Zhou
- Zhanjiang Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Zhanjiang 524000, China; (H.L.); (W.P.); (K.M.); (Y.Y.); (Q.W.); (M.Z.)
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He S, Yuan Z, Dai S, Wang Z, Zhao S, Wang R, Li Q, Mao H, Wu D. Intensive feeding alters the rumen microbiota and its fermentation parameters in natural grazing yaks. Front Vet Sci 2024; 11:1365300. [PMID: 38645650 PMCID: PMC11027562 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2024.1365300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amidst the challenging environmental conditions characterized by low oxygen levels and cold temperatures on the plateau, alterations in nutrient supply emerge as pivotal factors influencing the survival and reproduction of yaks. Intensive feeding stands out as a substantial mechanism for nutrient provision, initiating discernible changes in the host's rumen flora. Within the extreme natural conditions prevailing in the plateau area of northwest Yunnan, China, there exists a con-strained comprehension of the variations in rumen microflora, fermentation parameters, and growth responses exhibited by yaks subjected to intensive feeding. Methods This study employs 16S rRNA and ITS sequencing methods to scrutinize the rumen flora of yaks engaged in both natural grazing (G) and intensive feeding (F) on the plateau. Results The outcomes unveil that, during the severe winter season, yaks adeptly modulate the abundance and diversity of rumen flora in response to dietary modifications under intensive feeding, aiming to optimize the efficient utilization of dietary fiber and energy. Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) illustrates a substantial alteration in the rumen microbial community of naturally grazing yaks when exposed to intensive feeding. The natural grazing group manifests a higher prevalence of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, while the intensive feeding group exhibits heightened levels of Prevotella in the rumen. The Rikenellaceae _ RC9 _ gut_ group, associated with mycobacteria, prevails more abundantly in the natural grazing setting. PICRUSt2 analysis indicates that intensive feeding induces bacterial gene overexpression linked to protein metabolism. Rumen fungi showcase heightened diversity under intensification. Intensive feeding results in an augmented abundance of non-fiber-degrading bacteria and semi-fiber-degrading bacteria, accompanied by elevated concentrations of Volatile Fatty Acids (VFA). Discussion These findings yield novel insights into the shifts in the rumen microflora of yaks acclimated to intensive feeding in high-altitude environments, provide an important reference for the nutritional regulation of supplemental feeding of natural grazing yaks in the cold season, ultimately contributing to their enhanced growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichun He
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zaimei Yuan
- Kunming Animal Disease Prevention and Control Center, Kunming, China
| | - Sifan Dai
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Zibei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Shusheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Rongjiao Wang
- Panzhihua Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Huaming Mao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Dongwang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science of Yunnan Province, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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Gao H, Chi X, Song P, Gu H, Xu B, Cai Z, Jiang F, Li B, Zhang T. Maintaining the native gut microbiota of bharal ( Pseudois nayaur) is crucial in ex situ conservation. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1357415. [PMID: 38533336 PMCID: PMC10963425 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1357415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As wildlife protection continue to strengthen, research on the gut microbiota of wildlife is increasing. Carrying out conservation and research on endangered species in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau plays an important role in global biodiversity conservation. This study utilized 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples to investigate the composition, function, and changes of the gut microbiota of bharal in different environments, seasons, and genders. The results showed that Firmicutes and Bacteroidota were the dominant phyla and UCG-005, Bacteroides, UCG-010 were the dominant genera of bharal. In the wild, the abundance of Firmicutes increased which was conducive to the decomposition and utilization of cellulose, hemicellulose, and carbohydrate. Due to the variety of food types and nutrition in different seasons, the composition and function of gut microbiota were obviously different between genders. Compared with zoo, higher alpha diversity, a more complex gut microbiota network structure, and stronger metabolic function were conducive bharal to adapting to the wild environment. In the zoo, captive bharals were fed foods rich in high fat and protein, which increased the abundance of Bacteroidota and reduced the alpha diversity of gut microbiota. A fixed diet unified the gut microbiota between genders of bharal. It is very important to pay attention to the impact of captive environments and maintain the native gut microbiota of wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Gao
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Xiangwen Chi
- Students’ Affairs Division, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Pengfei Song
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Haifeng Gu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenyuan Cai
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Feng Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
| | - Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Tongzuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, Qinghai, China
- Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Ecological Genomics, Xining, Qinghai, China
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Ungerfeld EM, Cancino-Padilla N, Vera-Aguilera N, Scorcione MC, Saldivia M, Lagos-Pailla L, Vera M, Cerda C, Muñoz C, Urrutia N, Martínez ED. Effects of type of substrate and dilution rate on fermentation in serial rumen mixed cultures. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1356966. [PMID: 38389534 PMCID: PMC10883771 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1356966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Forages and concentrates have consistently distinct patterns of fermentation in the rumen, with forages producing more methane (CH4) per unit of digested organic matter (OM) and higher acetate to propionate ratio than concentrates. A mechanism based on the Monod function of microbial growth has been proposed to explain the distinct fermentation pattern of forages and concentrates, where greater dilution rates and lower pH associated with concentrate feeding increase dihydrogen (H2) concentration through increasing methanogens growth rate and decreasing methanogens theoretically maximal growth rate, respectively. Increased H2 concentration would in turn inhibit H2 production, decreasing methanogenesis, inhibit H2-producing pathways such as acetate production via pyruvate oxidative decarboxylation, and stimulate H2-incorporating pathways such as propionate production. We examined the hypothesis that equalizing dilution rates in serial rumen cultures would result in a similar fermentation profile of a high forage and a high concentrate substrate. Under a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement, a high forage and a high concentrate substrate were incubated at dilution rates of 0.14, 0.28, or 0.56 h-1 in eight transfers of serial rumen cultures. Each treatment was replicated thrice, and the experiment repeated in two different months. The high concentrate substrate accumulated considerably more H2 and formate and produced less CH4 than the high forage substrate. Methanogens were nearly washed-out with high concentrate and increased their initial numbers with high forage. The effect of dilution rate was minor in comparison to the effect of the type of substrate. Accumulation of H2 and formate with high concentrate inhibited acetate and probably H2 and formate production, and stimulated butyrate, rather than propionate, as an electron sink alternative to CH4. All three dilution rates are considered high and selected for rapidly growing bacteria. The archaeal community composition varied widely and inconsistently. Lactate accumulated with both substrates, likely favored by microbial growth kinetics rather than by H2 accumulation thermodynamically stimulating electron disposal from NADH into pyruvate reduction. In this study, the type of substrate had a major effect on rumen fermentation largely independent of dilution rate and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Ungerfeld
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
| | - Nathaly Cancino-Padilla
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
| | - Nelson Vera-Aguilera
- Centro Regional de Investigación Carillanca, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Vilcún, Chile
| | | | - Marcelo Saldivia
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Lorena Lagos-Pailla
- Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Investigación de Suelos Volcánicos, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
- Centro de Humedales Río Cruces, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Milena Vera
- Instituto de Ingeniería Agraria y Suelos, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Alimentarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Cristián Cerda
- Departamento de Procesos Industriales, Universidad Católica de Temuco, Temuco, Chile
| | - Camila Muñoz
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Osorno, Chile
| | - Natalie Urrutia
- Centro Regional de Investigación Remehue, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias, Osorno, Chile
| | - Emilio D Martínez
- Instituto de Ciencia Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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7
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Shen Y, Zhang J, Gui H, Wang H, Li Y, Zhang J, Cao S, Zhong J, Qian Y, Meng C. Effect of Garlic Straw with Silage Corn Stalks on Hu Sheep Rumen Fermentation and Microbial Community In Vitro. Metabolites 2023; 13:1201. [PMID: 38132883 PMCID: PMC10744859 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13121201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Garlic, an important economic crop, provides nutrient-rich straw. When appropriately balanced with silage corn stalks, it is a high-quality forage resource. However, studies on the impact of garlic straw with silage corn stalks on Hu sheep's digestive metabolism and rumen microbiota are scarce. In this study, different addition ratios of garlic straw and silage corn stalks were utilized for in vitro experiments. We designed six experimental groups (CON, G0, G20, G40, G60, G80, and G100) based on varying ratios of garlic straw to silage corn stalks. Rumen microbiota was analyzed through 16S rRNA sequencing. Nutrient composition analysis indicated that garlic straw's relative feeding value (RFV) closely resembled that of silage corn stalks. After 24 h of fermentation, dry matter digestibility and in vitro gas production significantly increased, reaching peak values at a 60% addition ratio. Furthermore, volatile fatty acids (VFAs) such as acetic, propionic, and butyric acid exhibited elevated contents, with the highest yields observed at 60% inclusion. At the genus level, Prevotella, Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, and Succiniclasticum were identified as the dominant bacterial groups. The gas production test showed a significant decrease in the G80 group compared to others. Microbial analysis revealed a higher abundance of Prevotella in G80 compared to G20, offering valuable insights for reducing greenhouse gas emissions from ruminant animals. Finally, this study predicted the impact of garlic straw with silage corn stalks' addition on Hu sheep's metabolic pathways and biological functions of the rumen microbiota. This research highlights the potential for effectively utilizing garlic straw as a feed resource for Hu sheep and proposes a rational proportion for combining garlic straw with silage corn stalks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Shen
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jianli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Hongbing Gui
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- School of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong 212400, China
| | - Huili Wang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yinxia Li
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Shaoxian Cao
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Jifeng Zhong
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yong Qian
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chunhua Meng
- Institute of Animal Science, Jiangsu Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China; (Y.S.); (J.Z.); (H.G.); (H.W.); (Y.L.); (J.Z.); (S.C.); (J.Z.)
- Key Laboratory of Crop and Animal Integrated Farming, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China
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Mei S, He G, Chen Z, Zhang R, Liao Y, Zhu M, Xu D, Shen Y, Zhou B, Wang K, Wang C, Zhu E, Chen C. Probiotic-Fermented Distillers Grain Alters the Rumen Microbiome, Metabolome, and Enzyme Activity, Enhancing the Immune Status of Finishing Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3774. [PMID: 38136811 PMCID: PMC10740804 DOI: 10.3390/ani13243774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A total of 30 Simmental crossbred cattle (6.50 months old, 265.0 ± 22.48 kg) were randomly divided into three groups, with 10 heads per group, and fed for 45 days. The diet treatments consisted of the Control group without PFDG supplementation, the PFDG-15% group with 15% PFDG substituting for 15% concentrate, and PFDG-30% group with 30% PFDG substituting for 30% concentrate. The results showed that compared with the Control group, the average daily gain (ADG) of the cattle in the PFDG-30% group decreased significantly (0.890 vs. 0.768 kg/d, p = 0.005). The serum malondialdehyde content of cattle in the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups decreased significantly (p = 0.047) compared to that of the Control group. However, the serum superoxide dismutase activity of cattle in the PFDG-30% group was significantly higher than that of the Control group (p = 0.047). Meanwhile, both the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups (1758.47 vs. 2061.30 μg/mL) showed higher serum levels of immunoglobulin G, while the interleukin-10 concentration was lower in the PFDG-30% group (p = 0.027). In addition, the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups shifted the rumen microbiota by improving the abundances of F082 (related to propionic acid production) and fiber-degrading bacteria (Lachnospiraceae_UGG-009 and Prevotellaceae_UCG-001) and reducing the abundance of the disease-associated bacteria Selenomonas. A Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) analysis illustrated that three key metabolic pathways, including phenylalanine metabolism, pyrimidine metabolism, and tryptophan metabolism, were enriched in the PFDG-15% group, but eight key metabolic pathways, including arachidonic acid metabolism, were enriched in the PFDG-30% group. Importantly, both the PFDG-15% and PFDG-30% groups increased (p < 0.01) the activities of cellulase, lipase, and protease in the rumen. Finally, the different bacterial abundance in the rumen was associated with changes in the ADG, serum antioxidant capacity, immune status, rumen enzyme activity, and metabolites. These results suggest that PFDG alters rumen microbiome abundance, metabolome, and enzyme activity for enhancing serum antioxidant capacity and the immune status, but when the supplemental level reaches 30%, it has a negative effect on ADG and the anti-inflammatory factors in finishing cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Chao Chen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (S.M.); (G.H.); (Z.C.); (R.Z.); (Y.L.); (M.Z.); (D.X.); (Y.S.); (B.Z.); (K.W.); (C.W.); (E.Z.)
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9
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Ma W, Yuan M, Chang S, Wang C. N-carbamylglutamate supplementation regulates hindgut microbiota composition and short-chain fatty acid contents in Charollais and Small Tail Han crossbred sheep. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1230190. [PMID: 37799402 PMCID: PMC10548125 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1230190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of N-carbamylglutamate (NCG) supplementation on the growth performance, hindgut microbiota composition, and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents in Charollais and Small Tail Han crossbred sheep. Methods A total of 16 female crossbred mutton sheep (Charollais × Small Tail Han), aged 4 months, with an initial body weight of 30.03 ± 0.08 kg, were utilized in a 60 days experiment. The sheep were divided into two groups based on their initial body weight. Each group consisted of 8 replicates, with each individual sheep considered as a replicate. The dietary treatments comprised a basal diet supplemented with either 0.00% or 0.12% NCG. Results and discussion Our findings indicate that NCG supplementation did not have a significant effect on the growth performance of mutton sheep. However, it did lead to changes in hindgut SCFA contents. Specifically, NCG supplementation increased the content of propanoic acid while decreasing acetic acid and hexanoic acid in the hindgut. Through microbiota analysis using the 16S rRNA technique, we identified Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Parasutterella as biomarkers for the hindgut microbiota in mutton sheep fed a diet containing NCG. Further analysis of the microbiota composition revealed that NCG supplementation significantly increased the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Parasutterella, while decreasing unclassified_f_Lachnospiraceae and Lachnoclostridium. Correlation analysis between hindgut SCFA contents and microbiota composition revealed that the abundance of Lachnoclostridium was positively correlated with the contents of acetic acid and hexanoic acid, but negatively correlated with propanoic acid. Additionally, the abundance of Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group and Parasutterella was positively correlated with the content of propanoic acid, while being negatively correlated with acetic acid and hexanoic acid. Based on these findings, we conclude that dietary supplementation of 0.12% NCG can modulate hindgut SCFA contents in mutton sheep by regulating the composition of the hindgut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chunqiang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, China
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10
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Huang Q, Chen Y, Wang X, Wei Y, Pan M, Zhao G. Effects of Phlorotannins from Sargassum on In Vitro Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota and Fatty Acid Profile. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2854. [PMID: 37760253 PMCID: PMC10525790 DOI: 10.3390/ani13182854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid profiles of ruminant-derived products are closely associated with human health. Ruminal microbiota play a vital role in modulating rumen biohydrogenation (BH). The aim of this study was to assess the influence of dietary supplementation with phlorotannins (PTs) extracted from Sargassum on rumen fermentation, fatty acid composition and bacterial communities by an in vitro culture study. The inclusion of PTs in the diet increased dry matter digestibility and gas production, and reduced ammonia-N concentration and pH. PT extract inhibited rumen BH, increasing the content of trans-9 C18:1, cis-9 C18:1, trans-9 and trans-12 C18:2 and reducing C18:0 concentration. 16S rRNA sequencing revealed that PTs caused an obvious change in rumen bacterial communities. The presence of Prevotella decreased while carbohydrate-utilizing bacteria such as Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Ruminococcus, Selenomonas, Ruminobacter and Fibrobacter increased. Correlation analysis between rumen FA composition and the bacterial microbiome revealed that Prevotellaceae_UCG-001, Anaerovorax, Ruminococcus, Ruminobacter, Fibrobacter, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Clostridia_UCG-014 might have been involved in the BH process. In conclusion, the results suggest that the inclusion of PTs in the diet improved rumen fermentation and FA composition through modulating the rumen bacterial community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Xingxing Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Yuanhao Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Min Pan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
| | - Guoqi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.C.)
- Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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11
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He T, Yi G, Wang X, Sun Y, Li J, Wu Z, Guo Y, Sun F, Chen Z. Effects of Heated Drinking Water during the Cold Season on Serum Biochemistry, Ruminal Fermentation, Bacterial Community, and Metabolome of Beef Cattle. Metabolites 2023; 13:995. [PMID: 37755275 PMCID: PMC10535483 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13090995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This study explored the effects of drinking heated water in the cold seasons on the serum metabolism, rumen microbial fermentation, and metabolome of beef cattle. Twelve fattening cattle (642 ± 14.6 kg) aged 21 to 22 months were randomly and equally divided into two groups based on body weight: one receiving room-temperature water (RTW; average 4.39 ± 2.55 °C) and the other heated water (HW; average 26.3 ± 1.70 °C). The HW group displayed a significant decrease in serum glucose (p < 0.01) and non-esterified fatty acid (p < 0.01), but increases in insulin (p = 0.04) and high-density lipoprotein (p = 0.03). The rumen fermentation parameters of the HW group showed substantial elevations in acetate (p = 0.04), propionate (p < 0.01), isobutyrate (p = 0.02), and total volatile fatty acids (p < 0.01). Distinct bacterial composition differences were found between RTW and HW at the operational taxonomic unit (OTU) level (R = 0.20, p = 0.01). Compared to RTW, the HW mainly had a higher relative abundance of Firmicutes (p = 0.07) at the phylum level and had a lower abundance of Prevotella (p < 0.01), norank_f_p-215-o5 (p = 0.03), and a higher abundance of NK4A214_group (p = 0.01) and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group (p = 0.05) at the genus level. In addition, NK4A214_group and Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group were significantly positively correlated with the rumen propionate and isovalerate (r > 0.63, p < 0.05). Prevotella was negatively correlated with rumen propionate and total volatile fatty acids (r = -0.61, p < 0.05). In terms of the main differential metabolites, compared to the RTW group, the expression of Cynaroside A, N-acetyl-L-glutamic acid, N-acetyl-L-glutamate-5-semialdehyde, and Pantothenic acid was significantly upregulated in HW. The differentially regulated metabolic pathways were primarily enriched in nitrogen metabolism, arginine biosynthesis, and linoleic acid metabolism. Prevotella was significantly positively correlated with suberic acid and [6]-Gingerdiol 3,5-diacetate (r > 0.59, p < 0.05) and was negatively correlated with Pantothenic acid and isoleucyl-aspartate (r < -0.65, p < 0.05). NK4A214_group was positively correlated with L-Methionine and glycylproline (r > 0.57, p < 0.05). Overall, our research demonstrates the important relationship between drinking water temperature and metabolic and physiological responses in beef cattle. Heating drinking water during cold seasons plays a pivotal role in modulating internal energy processes. These findings underscore the potential benefits of using heated water as a strategic approach to optimize energy utilization in beef cattle during the cold seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Guang Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xilin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yan Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zhenlong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yao Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Fang Sun
- Institute of Animal Huabandry, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;
| | - Zhaohui Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (T.H.); (G.Y.); (X.W.); (Y.S.); (J.L.); (Z.W.); (Y.G.)
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding, Beijing 100193, China
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12
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Yi S, Wu H, Liu Y, Dai D, Meng Q, Chai S, Liu S, Zhou Z. Concentrate supplementation improves cold-season environmental fitness of grazing yaks: responsive changes in the rumen microbiota and metabolome. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247251. [PMID: 37700865 PMCID: PMC10494446 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Yak (Bos grunniens) is an important economic animal species on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Yaks grazed in the cold season often suffer from nutritional stress, resulting in low production performance. This situation can be improved by properly feeding the grazing yaks in the cold season; however, there is still little information about the effect of different feeding levels on the intestinal microflora and metabolites of yaks. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the effect of feeding different doses of concentrate supplements on rumen bacterial communities and metabolites in grazing yaks during the cold season. Feed concentrate supplementation significantly improved the production performance and rumen fermentation status of grazing yaks during the cold season, and switched the type of ruminal fermentation from acetic acid fermentation to propionic acid fermentation. Ruminal fermentation parameters and ruminal bacterial abundance correlated strongly. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes increased with increasing concentrate supplementation, while the opposite was true for Bacteroidota. At the genus level, the abundance of Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, NK4A214_group, Ruminococcus, norank_f__Eubacterium_coprostanoligenes_group, norank_f__norank_o__ Clostridia_UCG-014, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, Acetitomaculum, and Family_XIII_AD3011_group increased with increasing concentrate supplementation, while the abundance of Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_ group decreased. Dietary concentrate supplementation altered the concentration and metabolic mode of metabolites in the rumen, significantly affecting the concentration of metabolites involved in amino acid and derivative metabolism (e.g., L-aspartic acid, L-glutamate, and L-histidine), purine metabolism (e.g., guanine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine), and glycerophospholipid metabolism (e.g., phosphatidate, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphocholine), and other metabolic pathways. The strong correlation between yak rumen microorganisms and metabolites provided a more comprehensive understanding of microbial community composition and function. This study showed significant changes in the composition and abundance of bacteria and metabolites in the rumen of cool season grazing yaks fed with concentrate supplements. Changes in ruminal fermentation parameters and metabolite concentration also showed a strong correlation with ruminal bacterial communities. These findings will be helpful to formulate supplementary feeding strategies for grazing yaks in the cold season from the perspective of intestinal microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeng Yi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongwen Dai
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qingxiang Meng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shatuo Chai
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Shujie Liu
- College of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Zhenming Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Ren Y, Zhaxi Y, Ciwang R, Wang Z, Liu M. Responses of rumen microorganisms and metabolites to different roughage of domesticated Tibetan sheep. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1247609. [PMID: 37664115 PMCID: PMC10469951 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1247609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Tibetan sheep can utilize high fiber feeds well. However, the mechanisms of rumen microbiota and metabolites in response to different roughage in a housed environment are still unclear. We fed Tibetan sheep with three different roughage diets: 50% whole corn silage (TS), 50% wheatgrass group (TW), and 25% each of whole corn silage and wheatgrass (TM). Subsequently, meat traits, rumen contents 16S rRNA and metabolomics were studied. The results showed that feeding wheat straw to Tibetan sheep significantly increased the abundance of bacteria such as Ruminococcus and Succiniclasticum in the rumen. These microorganisms significantly increased metabolites such as beta-alanyl-L-lysine, butanoic acid and prostaglandin E2. Eventually, production performance, such as carcass weight and intramuscular fat and meat quality characteristics, such as color and tenderness were improved by altering the rumen's amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism. This study demonstrated that including 25% wheatgrass and 25% whole corn silage in the diet improved the performance of Tibetan sheep, revealing the effect of the diet on the performance of Tibetan sheep through rumen microorganisms and metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ren
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Yangzhong Zhaxi
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Renzeng Ciwang
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
| | - Zhengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Grassland Ecosystem, College of Grassland Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Mengjun Liu
- Institute of Livestock Research, Tibet Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Lhasa, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lhasa, China
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14
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Jiang F, Gao Y, Peng Z, Ma X, You Y, Hu Z, He A, Liao Y. Isoacids supplementation improves growth performance and feed fiber digestibility associated with ruminal bacterial community in yaks. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1175880. [PMID: 37396385 PMCID: PMC10311502 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1175880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study was conducted to assess the effect of mixed isoacid (MI) supplementation on fermentation characteristics, nutrient apparent digestibility, growth performance, and rumen bacterial community in yaks. Methods A 72-h in vitro fermentation experiment was performed on an ANKOM RF gas production system. MI was added to five treatments at doses of 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, 0.4%, and 0.5% on the dry matter (DM) basis of substrates using a total of 26 bottles (4 bottles per treatment and 2 bottles as the blank). Cumulative gas production was measured at 4, 8, 16, 24, 36, 48, and 72 h. Fermentation characteristics including pH, the concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), microbial proteins (MCP), and the disappearance rate of dry matter (DMD), neutral detergent fiber (NDFD), and acid detergent fiber (ADFD) were measured after a 72-h in vitro fermentation to determine an optimal MI dose. Fourteen Maiwa male yaks (180-220 kg, 3-4 years old of age) were randomly assigned to the control group (without MI, n = 7) and the supplemented MI group (n = 7, supplemented with 0.3% MI on DM basis) for the 85-d animal experiment. Growth performance, nutrient apparent digestibility, rumen fermentation parameters, and rumen bacterial diversity were measured. Results Supplementation with 0.3% MI achieved the greatest propionate and butyrate content, NDFD and ADFD compared with other groups (P < 0.05). Therefore, 0.3% was used for the animal experiment. Supplementation with 0.3% MI significantly increased the apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF (P < 0.05), and the average daily weight gain of yaks (P < 0.05) without affecting the ruminal concentration of NH3-N, MCP, and VFAs. 0.3% MI induced rumen bacteria to form significantly different communities when compared to the control group (P < 0.05). g__norank_f__Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group, g__norank_f__Muribaculaceae, g__Veillonellaceae_UCG-001, g__Ruminococcus_gauvreauii_group, g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 and g__Flexilinea were identified as the biomarker taxa in responding to supplementation with 0.3% MI. Meanwhile, the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39 were significantly positively correlated with the NDF digestibility (P < 0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, supplementation with 0.3% MI improved the in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics, feed fiber digestibility, and growth performance in yaks, which was associated with changes of the abundance of g__Flexilinea and g__norank_f__norank_o__RF39.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Jiang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanhua Gao
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhongli Peng
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Science of National Ethnic Affairs Commission, Chengdu, China
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resources Reservation and Utilization, Chengdu, China
- Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiulian Ma
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yinjie You
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhibin Hu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Anxiang He
- Institute of Animal Husbandry Science, Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Kangding, China
| | - Yupeng Liao
- Si Chuan Action Biotech Co., Ltd., Guanghan, China
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15
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Xiong Y, Wang X, Li X, Guo L, Yang F, Ni K. Exploring the rumen microbiota of Hu lambs in response to diet with paper mulberry. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023:10.1007/s00253-023-12614-0. [PMID: 37306709 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12614-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera), as a new woody forage with high-protein characteristic, is being widely used in ruminant feeding. However, little is known about the comprehensive microbiota picture of whole ruminal niches (liquid, solid, and epithelium) under paper mulberry diet. To gain a better understanding of feeding paper mulberry on the rumen microbiota, the effects of fresh paper mulberry, paper mulberry silage, or a conventional high-protein alfalfa silage on rumen fermentation products and microbiota in rumen niches of Hu lambs were studied. Forty-five Hu lambs were randomly divided into 3 treatments with 15 replicates in each treatment. No significant difference was observed among treatments in the average daily gain (ADG). The fresh paper mulberry treatment had lower (P < 0.05) pH and higher (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) compared with silage treatments, but the fermentation parameters did not show significant differences between paper mulberry silage and alfalfa silage treatments. The Shannon index did not show a significant difference (P < 0.05) among treatments except between fresh paper mulberry and alfalfa silage treatment in rumen epithelial niches. Butyrivibrio and Treponema were the predominant genera in the rumen epithelial fraction, while Prevotella and Rikenellaceae_RC9 dominated in both rumen liquid and solid fractions. These results indicated the paper mulberry supplement did not have distinct impact on the microbial diversity and growth performance compared with alfalfa silage, especially for paper mulberry silage, which might help us develop an alternative animal feeding strategy of replacing alfalfa with paper mulberry. KEY POINTS: • Feeding paper mulberry silage did not show significant impact on the growth performance compared with alfalfa silage treatment. • Feeding fresh paper mulberry reduced rumen pH value and increased total volatile fatty acid. • The microbial diversity did not show significant difference among treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xiong
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaomei Li
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Linna Guo
- College of Biological Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Fuyu Yang
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550525, China.
| | - Kuikui Ni
- College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China.
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16
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High-Grain Diet Feeding Altered Blood Metabolites, Rumen Microbiome, and Metabolomics of Yaks. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9030215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, information available on the comprehensive changes in the rumen bacteria and metabolites of yaks fed high-grain diets is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of high-grain diet feeding on the blood metabolites, rumen microbiome, and metabolomics of yaks by using 16S rDNA gene sequencing and liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC/MS). Here, fourteen healthy male yaks (body weight, 249.61 ± 8.13 kg) were randomly assigned to two different diets: a hay diet (0% grain, CON, n = 7), or a high-grain diet (70% grain, HG, n = 7). At the 74th day of treatment, blood and ruminal fluid samples were collected for the blood metabolites, rumen microbiome, and metabolomics analyses. The HG diet increased lipopolysaccharides (LPS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), haptoglobin (HPT), serum amyloid-A (SAA), interleukin-1β (IL1-β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) serum concentrations (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON diet, the HG diet decreased rumen pH (p < 0.05), and increased total volatile fatty acids concentration, and proportion of butyrate (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Saccharibacteria were higher (p < 0.05), while Bacteroidetes was lower (p < 0.05) in the HG group than those in the CON group. At the genus level, the relative abundance of Christensenelaceae_R-7_group, Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group, Lachnospiraceae_NK3A20_group, and Acetitomaculum were higher than in those in the HG diet (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the HG diet increased the concentrations of biogenic amines (histamine, tyramine, and putrescine), common amino acids (phenylalanine, threonine, serine, etc.), and arachidonic acid (prostaglandin H2, prostaglandin E2, 12(S)-HPETE, etc.). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the HG diet altered the microbiota and metabolites, as well as potentially damaged their rumen health and induced inflammation in yaks.
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Zhang Z, Huang B, Gao X, Shi X, Wang X, Wang T, Wang Y, Liu G, Wang C. Dynamic changes in fecal microbiota in donkey foals during weaning: From pre-weaning to post-weaning. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1105330. [PMID: 36778861 PMCID: PMC9915154 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1105330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction A better understanding of the microbiota community in donkey foals during the weaning transition is a prerequisite to optimize gut function and improve feed efficiency. The objective of the present study was to investigate the dynamic changes in fecal microbiota in donkey foals from pre-to post-weaning period. Methods A total of 27 fecal samples of donkey foals were collected in the rectum before morning feeding at pre-weaning (30 days of age, PreW group, n = 9), dur-weaning (100 days of age, DurW group, n = 9) and post-weaning (170 days of age, PostW group, n = 9) period. The 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing were employed to indicate the microbial changes during the weaning period. Results In the present study, the cessation of breastfeeding gradually and weaning onto plant-based feeds increased the microbial diversity and richness, with a higher Shannon, Ace, Chao and Sobs index in DurW and PostW than in PreW (p < 0.05). The predominant bacterial phyla in donkey foal feces were Firmicutes (>50.5%) and Bacteroidota (>29.5%), and the predominant anaerobic fungi and archaea were Neocallimastigomycota and Euryarchaeota. The cellulolytic related bacteria including phylum Firmicutes, Spirochaetota and Fibrobacterota and genus norank_f_F082, Treponema, NK4A214_group, Lachnospiraceae_AC2044_group and Streptococcus were increased from pre-to post-weaning donkey foals (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the functions related to the fatty acid biosynthesis, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid biosynthesis were significantly enriched in the fecal microbiome in the DurW and PostW donkeys. Furthermore, the present study provided the first direct evidence that the initial colonization and establishment of anaerobic fungi and archaea in donkey foals began prior to weaning. The relative abundance of Orpinomyces were the highest in DurW donkey foals among the three groups (p < 0.01). In terms of archaea, the abundance of Methanobrevibacter were higher in PreW than in DurW and PostW (p < 0.01), but the abundance of Methanocorpusculum were significantly increased in DurW and PostW compared to PreW donkey foals (p < 0.01). Discussion Altogether, the current study contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the development of the microbiota community in donkey foals from pre-to post-weaning period, which may eventually result in an improvement of the digestion and feed efficiency in donkeys.
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Dai R, Ma X, Dingkao R, Huang C, La Y, Li X, Ma X, Wu X, Chu M, Guo X, Pei J, Yan P, Liang C. Effects of dietary crude protein levels in the concentrate supplement after grazing on rumen microbiota and metabolites by using metagenomics and metabolomics in Jersey-yak. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1124917. [PMID: 37200912 PMCID: PMC10185794 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1124917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The crude protein level in the diet will affect the fermentation parameters, microflora, and metabolites in the rumen of ruminants. It is of great significance to study the effect of crude protein levels in supplementary diet on microbial community and metabolites for improving animal growth performance. At present, the effects of crude protein level in supplementary diet on rumen fermentation parameters, microbial community, and metabolites of Jersey-Yak (JY) are still unclear. Methods The purpose of this experiment was to study the appropriate crude protein level in the diet of JY. The rumen fermentation indexes (volatile fatty acids and pH) were determined by supplementary diets with crude protein levels of 15.16 and 17.90%, respectively, and the microbial community and metabolites of JYs were analyzed by non-target metabonomics and metagenome sequencing technology, and the changes of rumen fermentation parameters, microbial flora, and metabolites in the three groups and their interactions were studied. Results and Discussion The crude protein level in the supplementary diet had significant effects on pH, valeric acid, and the ratio of acetic acid to propionic acid (p < 0.05). The protein level had no significant effect on the dominant microflora at the phylum level (p > 0.05), and all three groups were Bacteroides and Firmicutes. The results of metabolite analysis showed that the crude protein level of supplementary diet significantly affected the metabolic pathways such as Bile secretion and styrene degradation (p < 0.05), and there were different metabolites between the LP group and HP group, and these different metabolites were related to the dominant microbial to some extent. To sum up, in this experiment, the effects of crude protein level in supplementary diet on rumen microorganisms and metabolites of JY and their relationship were studied, which provided the theoretical basis for formulating a more scientific and reasonable supplementary diet in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongfeng Dai
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoming Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Renqing Dingkao
- Animal Husbandry Station, Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Gannan, Gansu, China
| | - Chun Huang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yongfu La
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinyi Li
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyong Ma
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Min Chu
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xian Guo
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jie Pei
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ping Yan
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- Ping Yan,
| | - Chunnian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Yak Breeding Engineering Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Husbandry and Pharmaceutical Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding on Tibetan Plateau, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Chunnian Liang,
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