1
|
Basso M, Zorzan I, Johnstone N, Barberis M, Cohen Kadosh K. Diet quality and anxiety: a critical overview with focus on the gut microbiome. Front Nutr 2024; 11:1346483. [PMID: 38812941 PMCID: PMC11133642 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1346483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Anxiety disorders disproportionally affect females and are frequently comorbid with eating disorders. With the emerging field of nutritional psychiatry, focus has been put on the impact of diet quality in anxiety pathophysiology and gut microbiome underlying mechanisms. While the relationship between diet and anxiety is bidirectional, improving dietary habits could better facilitate the actions of pharmacological and psychological therapies, or prevent their use. A better understanding of how gut bacteria mediate and moderate such relationship could further contribute to develop personalized programs and inform probiotics and prebiotics manufacturing. To date, studies that look simultaneously at diet, the gut microbiome, and anxiety are missing as only pairwise relationships among them have been investigated. Therefore, this study aims at summarizing and integrating the existing knowledge on the dietary effects on anxiety with focus on gut microbiome. Findings on the effects of diet on anxiety are critically summarized and reinterpreted in relation to findings on (i) the effects of diet on the gut microbiome composition, and (ii) the associations between the abundance of certain gut bacteria and anxiety. This novel interpretation suggests a theoretical model where the relationship between diet and anxiety is mediated and/or modulated by the gut microbiome through multiple mechanisms. In parallel, this study critically evaluates methodologies employed in the nutritional field to investigate the effects of diet on anxiety highlighting a lack of systematic operationalization and assessment strategies. Therefore, it ultimately proposes a novel evidence-based approach that can enhance studies validity, reliability, systematicity, and translation to clinical and community settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Basso
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Irene Zorzan
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Johnstone
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Barberis
- Molecular Systems Biology, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Mathematical and Computational Biology, CMCB, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- Synthetic Systems Biology and Nuclear Organization, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kathrin Cohen Kadosh
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Whitman JA, Doherty LA, Pantoja-Feliciano de Goodfellow IG, Racicot K, Anderson DJ, Kensil K, Karl JP, Gibson GR, Soares JW. In Vitro Fermentation Shows Polyphenol and Fiber Blends Have an Additive Beneficial Effect on Gut Microbiota States. Nutrients 2024; 16:1159. [PMID: 38674850 PMCID: PMC11053737 DOI: 10.3390/nu16081159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols and fermentable fibers have shown favorable effects on gut microbiota composition and metabolic function. However, few studies have investigated whether combining multiple fermentable fibers or polyphenols may have additive beneficial effects on gut microbial states. Here, an in vitro fermentation model, seeded with human stool combined from 30 healthy volunteers, was supplemented with blends of polyphenols (PP), dietary fibers (FB), or their combination (PPFB) to determine influence on gut bacteria growth dynamics and select metabolite changes. PP and FB blends independently led to significant increases in the absolute abundance of select beneficial taxa, namely Ruminococcus bromii, Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Dorea spp. Total short-chain fatty acid concentrations, relative to non-supplemented control (F), increased significantly with PPFB and FB supplementation but not PP. Indole and ammonia concentrations decreased with FB and PPFB supplementation but not PP alone while increased antioxidant capacity was only evident with both PP and PPFB supplementation. These findings demonstrated that, while the independent blends displayed selective positive impacts on gut states, the combination of both blends provided an additive effect. The work outlines the potential of mixed substrate blends to elicit a broader positive influence on gut microbial composition and function to build resiliency toward dysbiosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jordan A. Whitman
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Laurel A. Doherty
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Ida G. Pantoja-Feliciano de Goodfellow
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Kenneth Racicot
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| | - Danielle J. Anderson
- Combat Feeding Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (D.J.A.); (K.K.)
| | - Katherine Kensil
- Combat Feeding Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (D.J.A.); (K.K.)
| | - J. Philip Karl
- Military Nutrition Division, U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine (USARIEM), Natick, MA 01760, USA;
| | - Glenn R. Gibson
- Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AH, UK;
| | - Jason W. Soares
- Soldier Performance Division, U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command (DEVCOM) Soldier Center, Natick, MA 01760, USA; (J.A.W.); (L.A.D.); (I.G.P.-F.d.G.); (K.R.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huo X, Jia S, Sun L, Yao Y, Liao H, Chen X. Association of dietary live microbe intake with frailty in US adults: evidence from NHANES. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100171. [PMID: 38423889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diets rich in live microbes can bring various health benefits. However, the association between dietary live microbe intake and frailty has not been studied. METHODS The study utilized data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. A total of 11,529 participants were included. Sanders et al. classified the level of live microbes in foods into low (<104 CFU/g), medium (104-107 CFU/g), or high (>107 CFU/g). With the methodology of Sanders et al. and dietary questionnaire data, participants were divided into three groups: (1) low dietary live microbe intake group (only low-level foods), (2) medium dietary live microbe intake group (medium but not high-level foods), and (3) high dietary live microbe intake group (any high-level foods). Additionally, foods with medium and high live microbe content were aggravated as MedHi. Frailty index ≥0.25 is defined as frailty. The weighted logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the intake of dietary live microbe and frailty. The restricted cubic splines (RCS) were employed to detect the nonlinear relationships. RESULTS In the fully adjusted model, participants with high dietary intake of live microbe had a significantly lower risk of frailty than those with low dietary intake of live microbe (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.56, 0.79). For every 100 grams of MedHi food consumed, the risk of frailty decreased by 11% (OR = 0.89, 95% CI: 0.85, 0.92) after adjusting all covariates. The RCS indicated the existence of non-linear relationships. For those who consumed less than 100 grams of MedHi, increasing MedHi intake may significantly reduce the risk of frailty, but after exceeding 100 grams, the curve gradually levels off. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggested that increasing dietary live microbe intake was associated with a lower risk of frailty. However, more research is needed to verify this.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xingwei Huo
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Shanshan Jia
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Lirong Sun
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China; Second Department of Internal Medicine, Affiliate Hospital of Tibet University for Nationalities, Xianyang City, Shaanxi Province, 712000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Yao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Hang Liao
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hamamah S, Iatcu OC, Covasa M. Nutrition at the Intersection between Gut Microbiota Eubiosis and Effective Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Nutrients 2024; 16:269. [PMID: 38257161 PMCID: PMC10820857 DOI: 10.3390/nu16020269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is one of the most influential environmental factors in both taxonomical shifts in gut microbiota as well as in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Emerging evidence has shown that the effects of nutrition on both these parameters is not mutually exclusive and that changes in gut microbiota and related metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) may influence systemic inflammation and signaling pathways that contribute to pathophysiological processes associated with T2DM. With this background, our review highlights the effects of macronutrients, carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids, as well as micronutrients, vitamins, and minerals, on T2DM, specifically through their alterations in gut microbiota and the metabolites they produce. Additionally, we describe the influences of common food groups, which incorporate varying combinations of these macronutrients and micronutrients, on both microbiota and metabolic parameters in the context of diabetes mellitus. Overall, nutrition is one of the first line modifiable therapies in the management of T2DM and a better understanding of the mechanisms by which gut microbiota influence its pathophysiology provides opportunities for optimizing dietary interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sevag Hamamah
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
| | - Oana C. Iatcu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| | - Mihai Covasa
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine and Biological Science, University of Suceava, 720229 Suceava, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Varesi A, Campagnoli LIM, Chirumbolo S, Candiano B, Carrara A, Ricevuti G, Esposito C, Pascale A. The Brain-Gut-Microbiota Interplay in Depression: a key to design innovative therapeutic approaches. Pharmacol Res 2023; 192:106799. [PMID: 37211239 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Depression is the most prevalent mental disorder in the world associated with huge socio-economic consequences. While depressive-related symptoms are well known, the molecular mechanisms underlying disease pathophysiology and progression remain largely unknown. The gut microbiota (GM) is emerging as a key regulator of the central nervous system homeostasis by exerting fundamental immune and metabolic functions. In turn, the brain influences the intestinal microbial composition through neuroendocrine signals, within the so-called gut microbiota-brain axis. The balance of this bidirectional crosstalk is important to ensure neurogenesis, preserve the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and avoid neuroinflammation. Conversely, dysbiosis and gut permeability negatively affect brain development, behavior, and cognition. Furthermore, although not fully defined yet, changes in the GM composition in depressed patients are reported to influence the pharmacokinetics of common antidepressants by affecting their absorption, metabolism, and activity. Similarly, neuropsychiatric drugs may shape in turn the GM with an impact on the efficacy and toxicity of the pharmacological intervention itself. Consequently, strategies aimed at re-establishing the correct homeostatic gut balance (i.e., prebiotics, probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, and dietary interventions) represent an innovative approach to improve the pharmacotherapy of depression. Among these, probiotics and the Mediterranean diet, alone or in combination with the standard of care, hold promise for clinical application. Therefore, the disclosure of the intricate network between GM and depression will give precious insights for innovative diagnostic and therapeutic approaches towards depression, with profound implications for drug development and clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angelica Varesi
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurosciences, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, 37121 Verona, Italy
| | - Beatrice Candiano
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Adelaide Carrara
- Child Neurology and Psychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino, Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Esposito
- Department of Internal Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Pavia, Italy; Nephrology and dialysis unit, ICS S. Maugeri SPA SB Hospital, Pavia, Italy; High School in Geriatrics, University of Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessia Pascale
- Department of Drug Sciences, Section of Pharmacology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|