Dairy product consumption was associated with a lower likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Association between dairy-rich dietary pattern and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease: Findings from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study

BACKGROUNDS

Dietary components and the development of metabolic dysfunction-associated liver disease (MASLD) are closely linked, but large-scale studies on dietary patterns and MASLD are scarce, most previous studies having focused on individual nutrients or foods rather than overall dietary patterns. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association between dietary patterns and MASLD in Koreans.

METHODS

A total of 6,052 participants from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study. Dietary intake was assessed using a validated Korean semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire comprising 106 food items. Principal component analysis was used to determine the major dietary patterns. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the incidence of MASLD and dietary patterns.

RESULTS

Four major dietary patterns, namely carnivore, plant-based, dairy-rich, and starch-rich diet patterns, were identified. The carnivore, plant-based, and starch-rich diet patterns showed no significant association with incident MASLD, while the dairy-rich diet pattern was associated with a lower risk of MASLD, also showing significantly lower cumulative incidence of MASLD in the higher adherence to dairy-rich diet pattern.

CONCLUSION

The dairy-rich diet pattern was significantly associated with a lower risk of MASLD in Koreans. Appropriate dietary guidance based on dietary patterns is crucial for preventing MASLD.

Association of the habitual dietary intake with the fatty liver index and effect modification by metabotypes in the population-based KORA-Fit study

BACKGROUND

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is an emerging threat for public health with diet being a major risk factor in disease development and progression. However, the effects of habitual food consumption on fatty liver are still inconclusive as well as the proposed role of the individuals' metabolic profiles. Therefore, the aim of our study is to examine the associations between diet and NAFLD with an emphasis on the influence of specific metabotypes in the general population.

METHODS

A total of 689 participants (304 men and 385 women) of the KORA-Fit (S4) survey, a follow-up study of the population-based KORA cohort study running in the Region of Augsburg, Germany, were included in this analysis. Dietary information was derived from repeated 24-h food lists and a food frequency questionnaire. The intake of energy and energy-providing nutrients were calculated using the national food composition database. The presence of fatty liver was quantified by the fatty liver index (FLI), and metabotypes were calculated using K-means clustering. Multivariable linear regression models were used for the analysis of habitual food groups and FLI; for the evaluation of macronutrients, energy substitution models were applied.

RESULTS

A higher consumption of nuts and whole grains, and a better diet quality (according to Alternate Healthy Eating Index and Mediterranean Diet Score) were associated with lower FLI values, while the intake of soft drinks, meat, fish and eggs were associated with a higher FLI. The isocaloric substitution of carbohydrates with polyunsaturated fatty acids was associated with a decreased FLI, while substitution with monounsaturated fatty acids and protein showed increased FLI. Statistically significant interactions with the metabotype were observed for most food groups.

CONCLUSION

The consumption of plant-based food groups, including nuts and whole grains, and diet quality, were associated with lower FLI values, whereas the intake of soft drinks and products of animal origin (meat, fish, eggs) were associated with a higher FLI. The observed statistically significant interactions with the metabotype for most food groups could help to develop targeted prevention strategies on a population-based level if confirmed in independent prospective studies.

Dietary pattern associated with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in non-diabetic adult patients: A case control study

BACKGROUND

Dietary intake is an important factor in the development and management of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) however, optimal food group composition remains unclear. Data on detailed food group intake of NAFLD patients from India is scarce.

METHODS & MATERIALS

In this study with 320 participants (160 NAFLD cases and 160 controls), dietary habits were assessed using a 24-h dietary recall for two days and a validated 142-item food frequency questionnaire over the past year. Principal component analysis identified dietary patterns associated with NAFLD among the participants.

RESULTS

Cases were having a significantly higher intake of edible oils and fats along with nuts and oilseeds as compared to controls (p < 0.05). There was a positive and significant association with edible oils and fats with NAFLD [OR (95 % CI):1.7 (1.11-2.49) p = 0.013). In dietary pattern analysis western dietary pattern was found to be a risk for NAFLD whereas protective dietary pattern was associated with the decreased risk of NAFLD.

CONCLUSION

The overall food groups intake in NAFLD cases and controls was low suggesting lower diet quality. Protective dietary pattern found to be beneficial for NAFLD. High intake of sugars and edible oils associated with western dietary pattern increases the risk of NAFLD.

Dairy products intake and prevalence, incidence, and recovery of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Chinese population

BACKGROUND

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a growing public health concern. Modifiable factors such as diet and lifestyle are of research interest in preventing or reversing the disease. The relationship between dairy products and NAFLD remains unclear.

METHODS

In this cohort study, 36,122 participants aged 20-74 were enrolled by multi-stage, stratified, randomized cluster sampling from 2016 to 2017. A total of 25,085 participants finished at least one follow-up visit from 2019 to 2023. Dairy intake was collected by food frequency questionnaire at baseline. NAFLD was defined as fatty liver diagnosed by ultrasonography with excessive alcohol drink excluded. Logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the association between dairy intake and NAFLD.

RESULTS

A total of 34,040 participants were included in the baseline analysis. The prevalence of NAFLD was inversely associated with dairy intake (OR>7vs 0 servings/week = 0.91, 95% CI 0.84-0.98; ORper serving/day increase = 0.95, 95% CI 0.92-0.99). 20,460 participants entered the follow-up analysis. Among 12,204 without NAFLD at baseline, 4,470 developed NAFLD after a median time of 4.3 years. The incidence of NAFLD was inversely associated with dairy intake (HR>7 vs 0 servings/week = 0.89, 95% CI 0.81-0.98; HRper serving/day increase = 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.99). Among 8256 with NAFLD at baseline, 3,885 recovered after 4.2-year follow-up. Total dairy intake did not show significant associations with recovery of NAFLD, and the HRs (95% CI) were 0.96 (0.87-1.06) for > 7 servings/week and 0.98 (0.93-1.03) for per serving/day increase.

CONCLUSION

Dairy product intake of more than one serving per day was associated with a lower prevalence and incidence of NAFLD in Chinese population. However, total dairy intake did not show significant association in NAFLD reversal.

Liver triacylglycerol accumulation but not postprandial lipemia is reduced by a skim milk powder diet in male rats

Increases in postprandial lipids are linked to the development of cardiometabolic and fatty liver disease. Prior work has suggested that dairy possesses beneficial cardiometabolic effects and thus the aim of the current investigation was to test the hypotheses that the habitual consumption of dairy, in the form of skim milk powder (SMP), would protect against increases in circulating lipids and liver lipid accumulation following an oral fat challenge in rats. Male rats were fed either a semipurified low-fat control diet with casein or a diet with an equivalent amount of protein (∼13% kcal) provided through skim milk powder (SMP) for 6 weeks (n = 40/group). Rats were then given an oral gavage of palm oil (5 mL/kg body weight) or an equivalent volume of water, and serum and liver were harvested 90 minutes or 4 hours after. Rats fed the SMP diet gained less weight than controls but there were no differences in glucose tolerance between groups. The fat gavage increased serum lipids in both diet groups, whereas there was a main effect of the fat challenge to increase, and the SMP diet, to decrease liver triacylglycerol accumulation. The percentage of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and the protein content/activity of lipogenic enzymes were reduced in livers from SMP-fed rats, whereas the percentage of polyunsaturated fatty acids was increased. In summary, we provide evidence that SMP consumption, although not protecting against postprandial lipemia, markedly attenuates triacylglycerol accumulation and the relative amount of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in the liver.

Analysis of the detection rate and related factors of fatty liver disease in physical examination of healthy population in Chengdu district

BACKGROUND

In the present study, we analyzed the detection rate and related influencing factors of fatty liver in the health examination population in Chengdu area.

METHODS

The case-control study was performed to compare the gender, age (years), body mass index (BMI), smoking, drinking, abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia Is there any statistically significant difference in the detection rate of diseases such as metabolic syndrome, and logistic regression analysis is conducted to analyze the comprehensive impact of each influencing factor on the prevention of fatty liver disease.

RESULTS

Among 14,426 survey subjects, a total of 6717 patients with fatty liver were detected, with a detection rate of 47.22%. There are significant differences in the incidence of fatty liver disease among different gender groups, with the incidence rate in males being significantly higher than that in females (P < .05); The incidence of fatty liver in elderly subjects was significantly higher than that in middle-aged and young subjects (P < .05); The prevalence rate of individuals with a BMI > 24 was significantly higher than that of individuals with a BMI < 24 (P < .05). The prevalence of fatty liver in the population with abnormal lipid metabolism, hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperuricemia, metabolic syndrome and other diseases was significantly higher (P < .05); After stratified analysis by gender and age, the incidence of fatty liver in males was significantly higher than that in females in the 3 age groups < 60 years old (P < .05); In the age group ≥ 60 years old, the difference in the incidence of fatty liver disease between males and females was significantly reduced, and the difference was not statistically significant (P > .05).

CONCLUSION

The health screening of patients with fatty liver should be carried out regularly, and attention should be paid to the intervention and prevention of overweight people and people with basal metabolism diseases such as hyperglycemia and hypertension, so as to reduce the incidence of fatty liver.