1
|
Chu YY, Chen MK, Wei Y, Lee HH, Xia W, Wang YN, Yam C, Hsu JL, Wang HL, Chang WC, Yamaguchi H, Jiang Z, Liu C, Li CF, Nie L, Chan LC, Gao Y, Wang SC, Liu J, Westin SN, Lee S, Sood AK, Yang L, Hortobagyi GN, Yu D, Hung MC. Targeting the ALK-CDK9-Tyr19 kinase cascade sensitizes ovarian and breast tumors to PARP inhibition via destabilization of the P-TEFb complex. NATURE CANCER 2022; 3:1211-1227. [PMID: 36253486 PMCID: PMC9586872 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-022-00438-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have demonstrated promising clinical activity in multiple cancers. However, resistance to PARP inhibitors remains a substantial clinical challenge. In the present study, we report that anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) directly phosphorylates CDK9 at tyrosine-19 to promote homologous recombination (HR) repair and PARP inhibitor resistance. Phospho-CDK9-Tyr19 increases its kinase activity and nuclear localization to stabilize positive transcriptional elongation factor b and activate polymerase II-dependent transcription of HR-repair genes. Conversely, ALK inhibition increases ubiquitination and degradation of CDK9 by Skp2, an E3 ligase. Notably, combination of US Food and Drug Administration-approved ALK and PARP inhibitors markedly reduce tumor growth and improve survival of mice in PARP inhibitor-/platinum-resistant tumor xenograft models. Using human tumor biospecimens, we further demonstrate that phosphorylated ALK (p-ALK) expression is associated with resistance to PARP inhibitors and positively correlated with p-Tyr19-CDK9 expression. Together, our findings support a biomarker-driven, combinatorial treatment strategy involving ALK and PARP inhibitors to induce synthetic lethality in PARP inhibitor-/platinum-resistant tumors with high p-ALK-p-Tyr19-CDK9 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Yi Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mei-Kuang Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yongkun Wei
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Heng-Huan Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Weiya Xia
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Nai Wang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clinton Yam
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- UT Health Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hsu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hung-Ling Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chao Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhou Jiang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunxiao Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ching-Fei Li
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lei Nie
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li-Chuan Chan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shao-Chun Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Division of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, Division of Basic Science Research, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNA, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Liuqing Yang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel N Hortobagyi
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dihua Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Research Center for Cancer Biology, and Center for Molecular Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saied MH, Elkaffash D, Fadl R, Haleem RA, Refeat A, Ibrahim I, Tahoun M, Elkayal A, Tayae E. Preliminary results of targeted sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 in a cohort of breast cancer families: New insight into pathogenic variants in patients and at‑risk relatives. Mol Med Rep 2021; 24:678. [PMID: 34296289 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide and a major health concern in Egypt. There is a known association between pathogenic variants identified in breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)1 and 2 and the risk of developing BC. However, the number of studies investigating mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 in Egypt remains limited. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants in patients with BC and their relatives. For this purpose, 11 families (11 patients and 16 relatives) were included in the present study. BRCA1 and BRCA2 variants were investigated using the Ion S5 next‑generation sequencer. It was found that pathogenic variants were more frequent in patients with familial BC (FBC) than in those with sporadic BC, with 71% of variants in BRCA2, including the first reported identification of c.9089del, c.5583_5584dup, c.8243G>A and c.7976G>A pathogenic variants in Egyptian patients with BC. Pathogenic variants in relatives were confined to FBC c.1278delA, c.1960_1961del, and c.1224delT, with a higher incidence of variants of uncertain significance (VUS), such as BRCA2 intron 2 c.68‑16delT. Of note, two cold spot benign variants, c.3113A>G and c.4837A>G, were repeatedly found (67%) in patients and relatives. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledge, novel pathogenic variants and VUS in Egyptian patients with BC and their high‑risk relatives were identified for the first time in the present study. These findings should be integrated with other genomic data concerning Egyptian families and carefully interpreted during genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa H Saied
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Dalal Elkaffash
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Reham Fadl
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Reham Abdel Haleem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Amal Refeat
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Inas Ibrahim
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Mona Tahoun
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Alyaa Elkayal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| | - Eman Tayae
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21131, Egypt
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Bethea TN, Ochs-Balcom HM, Bandera EV, Beeghly-Fadiel A, Camancho F, Chyn D, Cloyd EK, Harris HR, Joslin CE, Myers E, Moorman PG, Peres LC, Rosenow W, Setiawan VW, Wu AH, Rosenberg L, Schildkraut JM. First- and second-degree family history of ovarian and breast cancer in relation to risk of invasive ovarian cancer in African American and white women. Int J Cancer 2021; 148:2964-2973. [PMID: 33521947 PMCID: PMC8353974 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.33493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Family history (FH) of ovarian cancer and breast cancer are well-established risk factors for ovarian cancer, but few studies have examined this association in African American (AA) and white women by histotype. We assessed first- and second-degree FH of ovarian and breast cancer and risk of epithelial ovarian cancer in the Ovarian Cancer in Women of African Ancestry Consortium. Analyses included 1052 AA cases, 2328 AA controls, 2380 white cases and 3982 white controls. Race-specific odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using multilevel logistic regression with adjustment for covariates. Analyses were stratified by histotype (high-grade serous vs others). First-degree FH of ovarian cancer was associated with high-grade serous carcinoma in AA (OR = 2.32, 95% CI: 1.50, 3.59) and white women (OR = 2.48, 95% CI: 1.82, 3.38). First-degree FH of breast cancer increased risk irrespective of histotype in AAs, but with high-grade serous carcinoma only in white women. Associations with second-degree FH of ovarian cancer were observed for overall ovarian cancer in white women and with high-grade serous carcinoma in both groups. First-degree FH of ovarian cancer and of breast cancer, and second-degree FH of ovarian cancer is strongly associated with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma in AA and white women. The association of FH of breast cancer with high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma is similar in white women and AA women, but may differ for other histotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Traci N. Bethea
- Office of Minority Health and Health Disparities Research, Georgetown Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Campus, Washington, D.C., USA
| | - Heather M. Ochs-Balcom
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Elisa V. Bandera
- Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Alicia Beeghly-Fadiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Fabian Camancho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Deanna Chyn
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Emily K. Cloyd
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Holly R. Harris
- Program in Epidemiology, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center and Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Charlotte E. Joslin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago School of Medicine and Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Evan Myers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patricia G. Moorman
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Lauren C. Peres
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
| | - Will Rosenow
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - Veronica W. Setiawan
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anna H. Wu
- University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center and Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Lynn Rosenberg
- Slone Epidemiology Center at Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joellen M. Schildkraut
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Consolidated BRCA1/2 Variant Interpretation by MH BRCA Correlates with Predicted PARP Inhibitor Efficacy Association by MH Guide. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21113895. [PMID: 32486089 PMCID: PMC7312854 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1/2 variants are prognostic biomarkers for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer (HBOC) syndrome and predictive biomarkers for PARP inhibition. In this study, we benchmarked the classification of BRCA1/2 variants from patients with HBOC-related cancer using MH BRCA, a novel computational technology that combines the ACMG guidelines with expert-curated variant annotations. Evaluation of BRCA1/2 variants (n = 1040) taken from four HBOC studies showed strong concordance within the pathogenic (98.1%) subset. Comparison of MH BRCA’s ACMG classification to ClinVar submitter content from ENIGMA, the international consortium of investigators on the clinical significance of BRCA1/2 variants, the ARUP laboratories, a clinical testing lab of the University of UTAH, and the German Cancer Consortium showed 99.98% concordance (4975 out of 4976 variants) in the pathogenic subset. In our patient cohort, refinement of patients with variants of unknown significance reduced the uncertainty of cancer-predisposing syndromes by 64.7% and identified three cases with potential family risk to HBOC due to a likely pathogenic variant BRCA1 p.V1653L (NM_007294.3:c.4957G > T; rs80357261). To assess whether classification results predict PARP inhibitor efficacy, contextualization with functional impact information on DNA repair activity were performed, using MH Guide. We found a strong correlation between treatment efficacy association and MH BRCA classifications. Importantly, low efficacy to PARP inhibition was predicted in 3.95% of pathogenic variants from four examined HBOC studies and our patient cohort, indicating the clinical relevance of the consolidated variant interpretation.
Collapse
|
5
|
Lee S, Zhao L, Rojas C, Bateman NW, Yao H, Lara OD, Celestino J, Morgan MB, Nguyen TV, Conrads KA, Rangel KM, Dood RL, Hajek RA, Fawcett GL, Chu RA, Wilson K, Loffredo JL, Viollet C, Jazaeri AA, Dalgard CL, Mao X, Song X, Zhou M, Hood BL, Banskota N, Wilkerson MD, Te J, Soltis AR, Roman K, Dunn A, Cordover D, Eterovic AK, Liu J, Burks JK, Baggerly KA, Fleming ND, Lu KH, Westin SN, Coleman RL, Mills GB, Casablanca Y, Zhang J, Conrads TP, Maxwell GL, Futreal PA, Sood AK. Molecular Analysis of Clinically Defined Subsets of High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Cell Rep 2020; 31:107502. [PMID: 32294438 PMCID: PMC7234854 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.03.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity and heterogeneity within high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC), which is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy, is not well understood. Here, we perform comprehensive multi-platform omics analyses, including integrated analysis, and immune monitoring on primary and metastatic sites from highly clinically annotated HGSC samples based on a laparoscopic triage algorithm from patients who underwent complete gross resection (R0) or received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) with excellent or poor response. We identify significant distinct molecular abnormalities and cellular changes and immune cell repertoire alterations between the groups, including a higher rate of NF1 copy number loss, and reduced chromothripsis-like patterns, higher levels of strong-binding neoantigens, and a higher number of infiltrated T cells in the R0 versus the NACT groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanghoon Lee
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Christine Rojas
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nicholas W Bateman
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hui Yao
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Olivia D Lara
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Joseph Celestino
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Margaret B Morgan
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tri V Nguyen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kelly A Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kelly M Rangel
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Dood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Richard A Hajek
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gloria L Fawcett
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Randy A Chu
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Katlin Wilson
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jeremy L Loffredo
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Coralie Viollet
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amir A Jazaeri
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Clifton L Dalgard
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Xizeng Mao
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xingzhi Song
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ming Zhou
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Brian L Hood
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Nirad Banskota
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Matthew D Wilkerson
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jerez Te
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Anatomy, Physiology & Genetics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anthony R Soltis
- The American Genome Center, Collaborative Health Initiative Research Program, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA; The Henry M. Jackson Foundation for the Advancement of Military Medicine, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | - Agda Karina Eterovic
- Institute for Personalized Cancer Therapy, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared K Burks
- Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Keith A Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nicole D Fleming
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen H Lu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Shannon N Westin
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Coleman
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yovanni Casablanca
- Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thomas P Conrads
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - George L Maxwell
- Women's Health Integrated Research Center at Inova Health System, Women's Service Line, Inova Fairfax Medical Campus, Falls Church, VA, USA; Gynecologic Cancer Center of Excellence, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Uniformed Services University and Walter Reed National Military Medical Center, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - P Andrew Futreal
- Department of Genomic Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anil K Sood
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology and Reproductive Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Przybytkowski E, Davis T, Hosny A, Eismann J, Matulonis UA, Wulf GM, Nabavi S. An immune-centric exploration of BRCA1 and BRCA2 germline mutation related breast and ovarian cancers. BMC Cancer 2020; 20:197. [PMID: 32164626 PMCID: PMC7068944 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-020-6605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BRCA1/2 germline mutation related cancers are candidates for new immune therapeutic interventions. This study was a hypothesis generating exploration of genomic data collected at diagnosis for 19 patients. The prominent tumor mutation burden (TMB) in hereditary breast and ovarian cancers in this cohort was not correlated with high global immune activity in their microenvironments. More information is needed about the relationship between genomic instability, phenotypes and immune microenvironments of these hereditary tumors in order to find appropriate markers of immune activity and the most effective anticancer immune strategies. Methods Mining and statistical analyses of the original DNA and RNA sequencing data and The Cancer Genome Atlas data were performed. To interpret the data, we have used published literature and web available resources such as Gene Ontology, The Cancer immunome Atlas and the Cancer Research Institute iAtlas. Results We found that BRCA1/2 germline related breast and ovarian cancers do not represent a unique phenotypic identity, but they express a range of phenotypes similar to sporadic cancers. All breast and ovarian BRCA1/2 related tumors are characterized by high homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) and low aneuploidy. Interestingly, all sporadic high grade serous ovarian cancers (HGSOC) and most of the subtypes of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC) also express a high degree of HRD. Conclusions TMB is not associated with the magnitude of the immune response in hereditary BRCA1/2 related breast and ovarian cancers or in sporadic TNBC and sporadic HGSOC. Hereditary tumors express phenotypes as heterogenous as sporadic tumors with various degree of “BRCAness” and various characteristics of the immune microenvironments. The subtyping criteria developed for sporadic tumors can be applied for the classification of hereditary tumors and possibly also characterization of their immune microenvironment. A high HRD score may be a good candidate biomarker for response to platinum, and potentially PARP-inhibition. Trial registration Phase I Study of the Oral PI3kinase Inhibitor BKM120 or BYL719 and the Oral PARP Inhibitor Olaparib in Patients With Recurrent TNBC or HGSOC (NCT01623349), first posted on June 20, 2012. The design and the outcome of the clinical trial is not in the scope of this study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Przybytkowski
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Institute of System Genomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas Davis
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Institute of System Genomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abdelrahman Hosny
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Institute of System Genomics, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Gerburg M Wulf
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Hematology/Oncology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sheida Nabavi
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Institute of System Genomics, Boston, MA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shen YT, Wang L, Evans JC, Allen C, Piquette-Miller M. Development of a Bioluminescent BRCA1-Deficient Xenograft Model of Disseminated, High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20102498. [PMID: 31117198 PMCID: PMC6566953 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful translation of preclinical data relies on valid and comprehensive animal models. While high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is the most prevalent subtype, the most commonly used ovarian cancer cell lines are not representative of HGSOC. In addition, 50% of ovarian cancer patients present with dysfunctional BRCA1/2, however currently there is a shortage of BRCA-deficient models. By utilizing the OVCAR8 cell line, which contains a hypermethylated BRCA1 promoter, the aim of the current study was to establish and characterize an animal model for BRCA-deficient HGSOC. Transfection of the luciferase gene to OVCAR8 cells enabled bioluminescent imaging for real-time, non-invasive monitoring of tumor growth. The resulting model was characterized by peritoneal metastasis and ascites formation at late stages of disease. Immunohistochemical staining revealed high-grade serous histology in all resected tumor nodules. Immunoblotting and qPCR analysis demonstrated BRCA1 deficiency was maintained in vivo. Moderate to strong correlations were observed between bioluminescent signal and tumor weight. Lastly, intraperitoneal administration of carboplatin significantly reduced tumor growth as measured by bioluminescence. The current model demonstrated BRCA1 deficiency and a high resemblance of the clinical features of HGSOC. This model may be well-suited for evaluation of therapeutic efficacy in BRCA-deficient HGSOC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Lucy Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - James C Evans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Christine Allen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pearson SJ, Roy Sarkar T, McQueen CM, Elswood J, Schmitt EE, Wall SW, Scribner KC, Wyatt G, Barhoumi R, Behbod F, Rijnkels M, Porter WW. ATM-dependent activation of SIM2s regulates homologous recombination and epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncogene 2018; 38:2611-2626. [PMID: 30531838 PMCID: PMC6450754 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-018-0622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that genomic instability is a prerequisite for cancer progression. Here we show that SIM2s, a member of the bHLH/PAS family of transcription factors, regulates DNA damage repair through enhancement of homologous recombination, and prevents epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMT) in an ATM dependent manner. Mechanistically, we found that SIM2s interacts with ATM and is stabilized through ATM-dependent phosphorylation in response to ionizing radiation (IR). Once stabilized, SIM2s interacts with BRCA1 and supports RAD51 recruitment to the site of DNA damage. Loss of SIM2s through the introduction of shSIM2 or the mutation of SIM2s at one of the predicted ATM phosphorylation sites (S115) reduces homologous recombination efficiency through disruption of RAD51 recruitment, resulting in genomic instability and induction of EMT. The EMT induced by the mutation of S115 is characterized by a decrease in E-cadherin and an induction of the basal marker, K14, resulting in increased invasion and metastasis. Together, these results identify a novel player in the DNA damage repair pathway and provides a link in DCIS progression to IDC through loss of SIM2s, increased genomic instability, EMT and metastasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Pearson
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Tapasree Roy Sarkar
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Cole M McQueen
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Jessica Elswood
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Emily E Schmitt
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Steven W Wall
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Kelly C Scribner
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Garhett Wyatt
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Rola Barhoumi
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Fariba Behbod
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA
| | - Monique Rijnkels
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA
| | - Weston W Porter
- Department of Integrative Biosciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, 77843, USA. .,Veterinary Integrative Biosciences, Texas A&M University, College of Veterinary Medicine, College Station, TX, 77843, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Vos S, van Diest PJ, Moelans CB. A systematic review on the frequency of BRCA promoter methylation in breast and ovarian carcinomas of BRCA germline mutation carriers: Mutually exclusive, or not? Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2018; 127:29-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
|
10
|
The PARP inhibitor olaparib potentiates the effect of the DNA damaging agent doxorubicin in osteosarcoma. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:107. [PMID: 29784019 PMCID: PMC5963190 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0772-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background PARP1 facilitates the recovery of DNA-damaged cells by recruiting DNA damage response molecules such as γH2AX and BRCA1/2, and plays a role in resistance to antitumor therapies. Therefore, PARP inhibition being evaluated as an anti-cancer therapy. However, there are limited studies regrading PARP inhibition in osteosarcoma. Methods We evaluated the expression of DNA damage response molecules in 35 human osteosarcomas and investigated the effects of co-treatment of the PARP inhibitor, olaparib, and doxorubicin in osteosarcoma cells. Results The expression patterns of PARP1, γH2AX, BRCA1, and BRCA2 were significantly associated with shorter survival of osteosarcoma patients. In osteosarcoma cells, knock-down of PARP1 and treatment of olaparib significantly inhibited proliferation of cells and induced apoptosis. Moreover, the anti-tumor effect was more significant with co-treatment of olaparib and doxorubicin in vitro and in vivo. Conclusions This study suggests that combined use of a PARP inhibitor with doxorubicin, a DNA damaging agent, might be effective in the treatment of osteosarcoma patients, especially in the poor-prognostic subgroups of osteosarcoma expressing PARP1, γH2AX, or BRCA1/2.
Collapse
|
11
|
Shen YT, Evans JC, Zafarana G, Allen C, Piquette-Miller M. BRCA Status Does Not Predict Synergism of a Carboplatin and Olaparib Combination in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines. Mol Pharm 2018; 15:2742-2753. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yen Ting Shen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - James C. Evans
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Gaetano Zafarana
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
- Genetics and Genome Biology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Micheline Piquette-Miller
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3M2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Safety and tolerability of veliparib combined with capecitabine plus radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a phase 1b study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol 2017; 2:418-426. [DOI: 10.1016/s2468-1253(17)30012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Revised: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
13
|
Kristeleit R, Shapiro GI, Burris HA, Oza AM, LoRusso P, Patel MR, Domchek SM, Balmaña J, Drew Y, Chen LM, Safra T, Montes A, Giordano H, Maloney L, Goble S, Isaacson J, Xiao J, Borrow J, Rolfe L, Shapira-Frommer R. A Phase I–II Study of the Oral PARP Inhibitor Rucaparib in Patients with Germline BRCA1/2-Mutated Ovarian Carcinoma or Other Solid Tumors. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:4095-4106. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
|
14
|
O'Sullivan Coyne G, Chen AP, Meehan R, Doroshow JH. PARP Inhibitors in Reproductive System Cancers: Current Use and Developments. Drugs 2017; 77:113-130. [PMID: 28078645 PMCID: PMC5266774 DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The repair of DNA damage is a critical cellular process governed by multiple biochemical pathways that are often found to be defective in cancer cells. The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family of proteins controls response to single-strand DNA breaks by detecting these damaged sites and recruiting the proper factors for repair. Blocking this pathway forces cells to utilize complementary mechanisms to repair DNA damage. While PARP inhibition may not, in itself, be sufficient to cause tumor cell death, inhibition of DNA repair with PARP inhibitors is an effective cytotoxic strategy when it is used in patients who carry other defective DNA-repair mechanisms, such as mutations in the genes BRCA 1 and 2. This discovery has supported the development of PARP inhibitors (PARPi), agents that have proven effective against various types of tumors that carry BRCA mutations. With the application of next-generation sequencing of tumors, there is increased interest in looking beyond BRCA mutations to identify genetic and epigenetic aberrations that might lead to similar defects in DNA repair, conferring susceptibility to PARP inhibition. Identification of these genetic lesions and the development of screening assays for their detection may allow for the selection of patients most likely to respond to this class of anticancer agents. This article provides an overview of clinical trial results obtained with PARPi and describes the companion diagnostic assays being established for patient selection. In addition, we review known mechanisms for resistance to PARPi and potential strategies for combining these agents with other types of therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine O'Sullivan Coyne
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alice P Chen
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert Meehan
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - James H Doroshow
- Early Clinical Trials Development Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 31 Center Drive, Room 3A44, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
The Potential of Targeting Ribosome Biogenesis in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18010210. [PMID: 28117679 PMCID: PMC5297839 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18010210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Overall survival for patients with ovarian cancer (OC) has shown little improvement for decades meaning new therapeutic options are critical. OC comprises multiple histological subtypes, of which the most common and aggressive subtype is high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC). HGSOC is characterized by genomic structural variations with relatively few recurrent somatic mutations or dominantly acting oncogenes that can be targeted for the development of novel therapies. However, deregulation of pathways controlling homologous recombination (HR) and ribosome biogenesis has been observed in a high proportion of HGSOC, raising the possibility that targeting these basic cellular processes may provide improved patient outcomes. The poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor olaparib has been approved to treat women with defects in HR due to germline BRCA mutations. Recent evidence demonstrated the efficacy of targeting ribosome biogenesis with the specific inhibitor of ribosomal RNA synthesis, CX-5461 in v-myc avian myelocytomatosis viral oncogene homolog (MYC)-driven haematological and prostate cancers. CX-5461 has now progressed to a phase I clinical trial in patients with haematological malignancies and phase I/II trial in breast cancer. Here we review the currently available targeted therapies for HGSOC and discuss the potential of targeting ribosome biogenesis as a novel therapeutic approach against HGSOC.
Collapse
|
16
|
Stoppa-Lyonnet D. The biological effects and clinical implications of BRCA mutations: where do we go from here? Eur J Hum Genet 2016; 24 Suppl 1:S3-9. [PMID: 27514841 PMCID: PMC5141575 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2016.93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumour-suppressor genes encoding proteins that are essential for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks by homologous recombination (HR). Cells that lack either BRCA1 or BRCA2 repair these lesions by alternative, more error-prone mechanisms. Individuals carrying germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 are at highly elevated risk of developing breast and/or ovarian cancer. Genetic testing for germline pathogenic mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 has proved to be a valuable tool for determining eligibility for cancer screening and prevention programmes. In view of increasing evidence that the HR DNA repair pathway can also be disrupted by sequence variants in other genes, screening for other BRCA-like defects has potential implications for patient care. Additionally, there is a growing argument for directly testing tumours for pathogenic mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and other genes involved in HR-DNA repair as inactivation of these genes may be strictly somatic. Tumours in which HR-DNA repair is altered are most likely to respond to emerging targeted therapies, such as inhibitors of poly-ADP ribose polymerase. This review highlights the biological role of pathogenic BRCA mutations and other associated defects in DNA damage repair mechanisms in breast and ovarian cancer, with particular focus on implications for patient management strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominique Stoppa-Lyonnet
- Department of Tumour Biology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- INSERM U830, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Department de Génétique, Université Paris Descartes, Service de Génétique, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Nakai K, Hung MC, Yamaguchi H. A perspective on anti-EGFR therapies targeting triple-negative breast cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2016; 6:1609-1623. [PMID: 27648353 PMCID: PMC5004067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which lacks estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), accounts for about 15-20% of breast cancers and is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype. There are currently no effective therapies against metastatic TNBC. Compared with other breast cancer subtypes, EGFR is frequently overexpressed in TNBC and a potential therapeutic target for this disease. There are two types of EGFR inhibitors, small molecular tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) and monoclonal antibody (mAb), for the treatment of cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer. For breast cancer, however, the clinical trials of EGFR inhibitors have failed due to low response rates. Because a small portion of patients do demonstrate response to EGFR inhibitors, it may be necessary to stratify patients to enhance the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in TNBC and to develop the effective combination therapy for this patient population. In this review, we describe some of the molecular mechanisms underlying EGFR inhibitor sensitivity and further discuss the possible therapeutic strategies to increase the efficacy of EGFR inhibitors in TNBC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katsuya Nakai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA
- Department of Breast Oncology, Juntendo University School of MedicineBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mien-Chie Hung
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology, China Medical University and HospitalTaichung 404, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia UniversityTaichung 413, Taiwan
| | - Hirohito Yamaguchi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterUSA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Chabanon RM, Pedrero M, Lefebvre C, Marabelle A, Soria JC, Postel-Vinay S. Mutational Landscape and Sensitivity to Immune Checkpoint Blockers. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:4309-21. [PMID: 27390348 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy is currently transforming cancer treatment. Notably, immune checkpoint blockers (ICB) have shown unprecedented therapeutic successes in numerous tumor types, including cancers that were traditionally considered as nonimmunogenic. However, a significant proportion of patients do not respond to these therapies. Thus, early selection of the most sensitive patients is key, and the development of predictive companion biomarkers constitutes one of the biggest challenges of ICB development. Recent publications have suggested that the tumor genomic landscape, mutational load, and tumor-specific neoantigens are potential determinants of the response to ICB and can influence patients' outcomes upon immunotherapy. Furthermore, defects in the DNA repair machinery have consistently been associated with improved survival and durable clinical benefit from ICB. Thus, closely reflecting the DNA damage repair capacity of tumor cells and their intrinsic genomic instability, the mutational load and its associated tumor-specific neoantigens appear as key predictive paths to anticipate potential clinical benefits of ICB. In the era of next-generation sequencing, while more and more patients are getting the full molecular portrait of their tumor, it is crucial to optimally exploit sequencing data for the benefit of patients. Therefore, sequencing technologies, analytic tools, and relevant criteria for mutational load and neoantigens prediction should be homogenized and combined in more integrative pipelines to fully optimize the measurement of such parameters, so that these biomarkers can ultimately reach the analytic validity and reproducibility required for a clinical implementation. Clin Cancer Res; 22(17); 4309-21. ©2016 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman M Chabanon
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | | | - Céline Lefebvre
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Aurélien Marabelle
- DITEP (Département d'Innovations Thérapeutiques et Essais Précoces), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. Inserm Unit U1015, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Jean-Charles Soria
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. DITEP (Département d'Innovations Thérapeutiques et Essais Précoces), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
| | - Sophie Postel-Vinay
- Faculté de Médicine, Université Paris Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, France. Inserm Unit U981, Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France. DITEP (Département d'Innovations Thérapeutiques et Essais Précoces), Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Increased sensitivity of BRCA defective triple negative breast tumors to plumbagin through induction of DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB). Sci Rep 2016; 6:26631. [PMID: 27220670 PMCID: PMC4879579 DOI: 10.1038/srep26631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We have earlier shown that Plumbagin (PB) can induce selective cytotoxicity to BRCA1 defective ovarian cancer cells; however, the effect of this molecule in BRCA1 mutated breast cancers has not been analyzed yet. Here, we report that reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by PB resulted in DNA DSB and activates downstream signaling by ATR/ATM kinases and subsequent apoptosis. PB reduces DNA- dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) expression and inhibits NHEJ (Non Homologous End Joining) activity in BRCA1 defective breast cancer cells. Also, PB induces apoptosis in two different BRCA1 conditional knock out murine models: MMTV-Cre; BRCA1Co/Co and WAP-Cre; BRCA1Co/Co, at 2 mg/kg body weight, but 32 mg/kg of carboplatin (CN) was needed to induce apoptosis in them. This is the first study where two different tissue specific promoter driven transgenic mice models with BRCA1 exon 11 deletions are used for preclinical drug testing. The apoptosis induced by PB in HR (Homologous Recombination) defective triple negative BRCA1 mutant cell lines and in mouse models occur by inducing ROS mediated DNA DSB. The toxicity profile as compared with CN in transgenic mice provides evidence for PB’s safer disposition as a therapeutic lead in breast cancer drug development.
Collapse
|
20
|
Longacre M, Snyder NA, Housman G, Leary M, Lapinska K, Heerboth S, Willbanks A, Sarkar S. A Comparative Analysis of Genetic and Epigenetic Events of Breast and Ovarian Cancer Related to Tumorigenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E759. [PMID: 27213343 PMCID: PMC4881580 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer persists as the most common cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Ovarian cancer is also a significant source of morbidity and mortality, as the fifth leading cause of cancer death among women. This reflects the continued need for further understanding and innovation in cancer treatment. Though breast and ovarian cancer usually present as distinct clinical entities, the recent explosion of large-scale -omics research has uncovered many overlaps, particularly with respect to genetic and epigenetic alterations. We compared genetic, microenvironmental, stromal, and epigenetic changes common between breast and ovarian cancer cells, as well as the clinical relevance of these changes. Some of the most striking commonalities include genetic alterations of BRCA1 and 2, TP53, RB1, NF1, FAT3, MYC, PTEN, and PIK3CA; down regulation of miRNAs 9, 100, 125a, 125b, and 214; and epigenetic alterations such as H3K27me3, H3K9me2, H3K9me3, H4K20me3, and H3K4me. These parallels suggest shared features of pathogenesis. Furthermore, preliminary evidence suggests a shared epigenetic mechanism of oncogenesis. These similarities, warrant further investigation in order to ultimately inform development of more effective chemotherapeutics, as well as strategies to circumvent drug resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nicole A Snyder
- Department of Genetics and Complex Diseases, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | - Genevieve Housman
- School of Human Evolution and Social Change, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
| | - Meghan Leary
- Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Karolina Lapinska
- Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sarah Heerboth
- School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240, USA.
| | - Amber Willbanks
- Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Sibaji Sarkar
- Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
- Genome Science Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Winter C, Nilsson MP, Olsson E, George AM, Chen Y, Kvist A, Törngren T, Vallon-Christersson J, Hegardt C, Häkkinen J, Jönsson G, Grabau D, Malmberg M, Kristoffersson U, Rehn M, Gruvberger-Saal SK, Larsson C, Borg Å, Loman N, Saal LH. Targeted sequencing of BRCA1 and BRCA2 across a large unselected breast cancer cohort suggests that one-third of mutations are somatic. Ann Oncol 2016; 27:1532-8. [PMID: 27194814 PMCID: PMC4959927 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
We carried out targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 in an unselected cohort of patients diagnosed with primary breast cancer within a population without strong founder mutations. Eleven percent of cases harbored a germline or somatic BRCA1/2 mutation, and the ratio of germline versus somatic mutation was 2 : 1. This has implications for treatment, genetic counseling, and interpretation of tumor-only testing. Background A mutation found in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene of a breast tumor could be either germline or somatically acquired. The prevalence of somatic BRCA1/2 mutations and the ratio between somatic and germline BRCA1/2 mutations in unselected breast cancer patients are currently unclear. Patients and methods Paired normal and tumor DNA was analyzed for BRCA1/2 mutations by massively parallel sequencing in an unselected cohort of 273 breast cancer patients from south Sweden. Results Deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 (n = 10) or BRCA2 (n = 10) were detected in 20 patients (7%). Deleterious somatic mutations in BRCA1 (n = 4) or BRCA2 (n = 5) were detected in 9 patients (3%). Accordingly, about 1 in 9 breast carcinomas (11%) in our cohort harbor a BRCA1/2 mutation. For each gene, the tumor phenotypes were very similar regardless of the mutation being germline or somatically acquired, whereas the tumor phenotypes differed significantly between wild-type and mutated cases. For age at diagnosis, the patients with somatic BRCA1/2 mutations resembled the wild-type patients (median age at diagnosis, germline BRCA1: 41.5 years; germline BRCA2: 49.5 years; somatic BRCA1/2: 65 years; wild-type BRCA1/2: 62.5 years). Conclusions In a population without strong germline founder mutations, the likelihood of a BRCA1/2 mutation found in a breast carcinoma being somatic was ∼1/3 and germline 2/3. This may have implications for treatment and genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Winter
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - M P Nilsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - E Olsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - A M George
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - Y Chen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - A Kvist
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - T Törngren
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - J Vallon-Christersson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund
| | - C Hegardt
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund
| | - J Häkkinen
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - G Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - D Grabau
- Department of Pathology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - M Malmberg
- Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | | | - M Rehn
- Department of Surgery, Lund University and Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - S K Gruvberger-Saal
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund
| | - C Larsson
- Lund University Cancer Center, Lund Department of Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Å Borg
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund
| | - N Loman
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund Department of Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund
| | - L H Saal
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund Lund University Cancer Center, Lund CREATE Health Strategic Centre for Translational Cancer Research, Lund University, Lund
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Veskimäe K, Staff S, Grönholm A, Pesu M, Laaksonen M, Nykter M, Isola J, Mäenpää J. Assessment of PARP protein expression in epithelial ovarian cancer by ELISA pharmacodynamic assay and immunohistochemistry. Tumour Biol 2016; 37:11991-11999. [PMID: 27155850 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-016-5062-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase 1 (PARP-1) involved in base excision repair (BER) has been shown to be a clinically effective treatment strategy in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) defective in homologous recombination (HR). The aim of this study was to evaluate fresh EOC tumor tissue in regard to PAR (Poly (ADP-ribose)) concentration as a surrogate marker for PARP activity and PARP protein expression in archival samples by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The prospective study cohort consisted of 57 fresh tumor samples derived from patients undergoing primary (n = 38) or interval debulking surgery (n = 19) for EOC and parallel archival paraffin-embedded tumor samples. PARP activity in fresh frozen tumor tissue was assessed by an enzymatic chemiluminescence assay and PARP protein expression in paraffin-embedded tumor tissue by IHC. No correlation was detected between PARP enzyme activity and PARP staining by IHC (p = 0.82). High PARP activity was associated with platinum sensitivity both in the entire study cohort (p = 0.022) and in the high-grade subgroup (p = 0.017). High PARP activity was also associated with improved progression-free survival (PFS) (32 vs 14 months, log-rank p = 0.009). However, PARP immunostaining pattern was not predictive of patient survival. In conclusion, we present a novel finding of high PARP activity associated with platinum sensitivity and improved PFS in EOC. There was no association between PARP IHC and pharmacodynamic assay, and the correlation of PARP IHC with clinico-pathological characteristics and patient survival was poor. Pharmacodynamic assay rather than IHC seems to reflect better biologically significant PARP.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Veskimäe
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.
| | - S Staff
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - A Grönholm
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Pesu
- Immunoregulation, Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland.,Department of Dermatology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Laaksonen
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - M Nykter
- Institute of Biosciences and Medical Technology, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Isola
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Biomedical Technology, BioMediTech, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - J Mäenpää
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tampere University Hospital, PO Box 2000, 33521, Tampere, Finland.,School of Medicine, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Scott CL, Swisher EM, Kaufmann SH. Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors: recent advances and future development. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:1397-406. [PMID: 25779564 PMCID: PMC4517072 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.58.8848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 274] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors have shown promising activity in epithelial ovarian cancers, especially relapsed platinum-sensitive high-grade serous disease. Consistent with preclinical studies, ovarian cancers and a number of other solid tumor types occurring in patients with deleterious germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2 seem to be particularly sensitive. However, it is also becoming clear that germline BRCA1/2 mutations are neither necessary nor sufficient for patients to derive benefit from PARP inhibitors. We provide an update on PARP inhibitor clinical development, describe recent advances in our understanding of PARP inhibitor mechanism of action, and discuss current issues in the development of these agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Clare L Scott
- Clare L. Scott, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Elizabeth M. Swisher, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Scott H. Kaufmann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Elizabeth M Swisher
- Clare L. Scott, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Elizabeth M. Swisher, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Scott H. Kaufmann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN
| | - Scott H Kaufmann
- Clare L. Scott, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Elizabeth M. Swisher, University of Washington, Seattle, WA; and Scott H. Kaufmann, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
The development of poly (adenosine diphosphate [ADP]) ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (PARPi) has progressed greatly over the last few years and has shown encouraging results in the BRCA1/2 mutation–related cancers. This article attempts to summarize the rationale and theory behind PARPi, the clinical trials already reported, as well as ongoing studies designed to determine the role of PARPi in patients with and without germline mutations of BRCA genes. Future plans for PARPi both as monotherapy and in combination with standard cytotoxics, other biological agents, and as radiosensitizers are also covered. The widening scope of PARPi adds another important targeted agent to the growing list of molecular inhibitors; future and ongoing trials will identify the most effective role for PARPi, including for patients other than BRCA germline mutation carriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Benafif
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| | - Marcia Hall
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, Middlesex, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Danza K, De Summa S, Pilato B, Carella M, Palumbo O, Popescu O, Paradiso A, Pinto R, Tommasi S. Combined microRNA and ER expression: a new classifier for familial and sporadic breast cancer patients. J Transl Med 2014; 12:319. [PMID: 25406994 PMCID: PMC4239401 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-014-0319-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of miRNAs in familial breast cancer (fBC) is poorly investigated as also in the BRCA-like tumors. To identify a specific miRNA expression pattern which could allow a better fBC classification not only based on clinico-pathological and immunophenotypical parameters we analyzed miRNA profile in familial and sporadic samples. Moreover since BRCA1 tumors and sporadic triple negative (TN) breast tumors share similarities regarding clinical outcomes and some histological characteristics, we focused on TN and not TN cases. METHODS The sample set included fresh frozen tissue samples, including 39 female fBCs (19 BRCA-related and 20 BRCAX) and 12 male fBC (BRCAX). Moreover, we considered TN and non TN (NTN), 21 BRCA-related and 27 sporadic BCs. MiRNA profiling was performed through GeneChip miRNA v.1.0 Array (Affymetrix). ANOVA, hierarchical and consensus clustering analyses allowed identification of pattern of expression of miRNAs and pathway enrichment analysis, considering validated target genes, was carried out to achieve a deeper biological understanding. RESULTS ANOVA test led to the identification of 53 deregulated miRNAs; hierarchical and consensus clustering of female fBCs (fFBCs) and male fBCs (fMBCs) highlighted the presence of 3 sample clusters named FBC1, FBC2 and FBC3. We found a correlation between ER-status and the three sample clusters. The three clusters are distinct by a different expression of two clusters of miRNAs (CLU1 and CLU2), which resulted to be different in targeted pathways. In particular, CLU1 targets cellular pathways and CLU2 is involved in epigenetic activities. Considering TN and NTN BRCA-related and sporadic tumors, a hierarchical clustering identified two clusters of miRNAs, which were not so different from CLU1 and CLU2, both in miRNA content and targeted pathways. CONCLUSIONS Our results highlighted the importance of miRNA regulation to better clarify similarities and differences between familial and sporadic BC groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Stefania Tommasi
- Molecular Genetics Laboratory, IRCCS, Istituto Tumori "Giovanni Paolo II", v,le Orazio Flacco 65, Bari, 70124, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|