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Escrig-Larena JI, Delgado-Pulido S, Mittelbrunn M. Mitochondria during T cell aging. Semin Immunol 2023; 69:101808. [PMID: 37473558 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of aging that contributes to inflammaging. It is characterized by alterations of the mitochondrial DNA, reduced respiratory capacity, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and increased reactive oxygen species production. These primary alterations disrupt other interconnected and important mitochondrial-related processes such as metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and biogenesis, mitophagy, calcium homeostasis or apoptosis. In this review, we gather the current knowledge about the different mitochondrial processes which are altered during aging, with special focus on their contribution to age-associated T cell dysfunction and inflammaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Ignacio Escrig-Larena
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molcular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Delgado-Pulido
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias (UAM), Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Centro de Biología Molcular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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2
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Ikezaki H, Nomura H, Shimono N. Impact of peripheral mitochondrial DNA level on immune response after COVID-19 vaccination. iScience 2023; 26:107094. [PMID: 37351502 PMCID: PMC10256584 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficacy of vaccination against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in the elderly is partially hindered by immunosenescence, resulting from decreased mtDNA levels. This study evaluated the correlation between mtDNA levels in peripheral leukocytes and immune response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. Two hundred ten participants (median age 79.5 years), including 83 frail residents/inpatients and 70 robust outpatients, were analyzed. Anti-spike IgG antibody (IgG(S)) titers were serially measured from before the first vaccination to after the third vaccination. The mtDNA levels and cell-mediated immunity were measured in 45 elderly and 22 elderly individuals two months after the third vaccination. The robust group had consistently higher IgG(S) titers than the frail group. The mtDNA levels positively correlated with IgG(S) titers, as well as with cell-mediated immunity. These findings suggest that mtDNA levels positively impact vaccine-induced immunity. Further studies into maintaining mtDNA levels may provide insights into immunosenescence in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Ikezaki
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
- Department of Comprehensive General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Faculty of Medical Sciences, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 8138588, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Nomura
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haradoi Hospital, Fukuoka 8138588, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Shimono
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka 8128582, Japan
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3
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Li Z, Lin S, Zheng T, Hao B, Hou Y, Zhang Y, Wang K, Qin C, Yue L, Jin J, Li M, Fan L. Mitochondria dysfunction in CD8+ T cells as an important contributing factor for cancer development and a potential target for cancer treatment: a review. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2022; 41:227. [PMID: 35864520 PMCID: PMC9306053 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-022-02439-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells play a central role in anti-tumor immunity. Naïve CD8+ T cells are active upon tumor antigen stimulation, and then differentiate into functional cells and migrate towards the tumor sites. Activated CD8+ T cells can directly destroy tumor cells by releasing perforin and granzymes and inducing apoptosis mediated by the death ligand/death receptor. They also secrete cytokines to regulate the immune system against tumor cells. Mitochondria are the central hub of metabolism and signaling, required for polarization, and migration of CD8+ T cells. Many studies have demonstrated that mitochondrial dysfunction impairs the anti-tumor activity of CD8+ T cells through various pathways. Mitochondrial energy metabolism maladjustment will cause a cellular energy crisis in CD8+ T cells. Abnormally high levels of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species will damage the integrity and architecture of biofilms of CD8+ T cells. Disordered mitochondrial dynamics will affect the mitochondrial number and localization within cells, further affecting the function of CD8+ T cells. Increased mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis will decrease the lifespan and quantity of CD8+ T cells. Excessively low mitochondrial membrane potential will cause the release of cytochrome c and apoptosis of CD8+ T cells, while excessively high will exacerbate oxidative stress. Dysregulation of mitochondrial Ca2+ signaling will affect various physiological pathways in CD8+ T cells. To some extent, mitochondrial abnormality in CD8+ T cells contributes to cancer development. So far, targeting mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics, mitochondria-mediated cell apoptosis, and other mitochondrial physiological processes to rebuild the anti-tumor function of CD8+ T cells has proved effective in some cancer models. Thus, mitochondria in CD8+ T cells may be a potential and powerful target for cancer treatment in the future.
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4
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Ren G, Wu K, An J, Shang Y, Zheng K, Yu Z. Toxicity Assessment of Octachlorostyrene in Human Liver Carcinoma (HepG2) Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14272. [PMID: 36361152 PMCID: PMC9654554 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Octachlorostyrene (OCS) is a ubiquitous persistent organic pollutant; however, information regarding the toxicological effects of OCS remains limited. In this study, we studied the toxicity mechanisms of OCS using human liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells. The results showed that OCS reduced cell viability in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Compared with that in the control, the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was significantly increased in all treated HepG2 cells. We also found that (1) OCS induced damage in the HepG2 cells via the apoptotic signaling pathway, (2) OCS increased intracellular free Ca2+ concentration (>180%), and (3) following exposure to 80 μM OCS, there was an increase in mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MMP, ~174%), as well as a decrease in ATP levels (<78%). In conclusion, OCS is cytotoxic and can induce apoptosis, in which ROS and mitochondrial dysfunction play important roles; however, the observed increase in MMP appears to indicate that HepG2 is resistant to the toxicity induced by OCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Ren
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Kangming Wu
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jing An
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Kewen Zheng
- Institute of Environmental Pollution and Health, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Zhiqiang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environment Protection and Resource Utilization, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510640, China
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5
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Lewuillon C, Laguillaumie MO, Quesnel B, Idziorek T, Touil Y, Lemonnier L. Put in a “Ca2+ll” to Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030543. [PMID: 35159351 PMCID: PMC8834247 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal disorder characterized by genetic aberrations in myeloid primitive cells (blasts) which lead to their defective maturation/function and their proliferation in the bone marrow (BM) and blood of affected individuals. Current intensive chemotherapy protocols result in complete remission in 50% to 80% of AML patients depending on their age and the AML type involved. While alterations in calcium signaling have been extensively studied in solid tumors, little is known about the role of calcium in most hematologic malignancies, including AML. Our purpose with this review is to raise awareness about this issue and to present (i) the role of calcium signaling in AML cell proliferation and differentiation and in the quiescence of hematopoietic stem cells; (ii) the interplay between mitochondria, metabolism, and oxidative stress; (iii) the effect of the BM microenvironment on AML cell fate; and finally (iv) the mechanism by which chemotherapeutic treatments modify calcium homeostasis in AML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Lewuillon
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Marie-Océane Laguillaumie
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Bruno Quesnel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Thierry Idziorek
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Yasmine Touil
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277—CANTHER—Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, F-59000 Lille, France; (C.L.); (M.-O.L.); (B.Q.); (T.I.); (Y.T.)
| | - Loïc Lemonnier
- Univ. Lille, Inserm, U1003—PHYCEL—Physiologie Cellulaire, F-59000 Lille, France
- Laboratory of Excellence, Ion Channels Science and Therapeutics, F-59655 Villeneuve d’Ascq, France
- Correspondence:
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6
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Su X, Zhao M, Fu X, Ma X, Xu W, Hu S. Immunomodulatory activity of purified polysaccharides from Rubus chingii Hu fruits in lymphocytes and its molecular mechanisms. J Funct Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2021.104785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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7
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Nawrocki M, Lory N, Bedke T, Stumme F, Diercks BP, Guse AH, Meier C, Gagliani N, Mittrücker HW, Huber S. Trans-Ned 19-Mediated Antagonism of Nicotinic Acid Adenine Nucleotide-Mediated Calcium Signaling Regulates Th17 Cell Plasticity in Mice. Cells 2021; 10:3039. [PMID: 34831261 PMCID: PMC8616272 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is the most potent Ca2+ mobilizing agent and its inhibition proved to inhibit T-cell activation. However, the impact of the NAADP signaling on CD4+ T-cell differentiation and plasticity and on the inflammation in tissues other than the central nervous system remains unclear. In this study, we used an antagonist of NAADP signaling, trans-Ned 19, to study the role of NAADP in CD4+ T-cell differentiation and effector function. Partial blockade of NAADP signaling in naïve CD4+ T cells in vitro promoted the differentiation of Th17 cells. Interestingly, trans-Ned 19 also promoted the production of IL-10, co-expression of LAG-3 and CD49b and increased the suppressive capacity of Th17 cells. Moreover, using an IL-17A fate mapping mouse model, we showed that NAADP inhibition promotes conversion of Th17 cells into regulatory T cells in vitro and in vivo. In line with the results, we found that inhibiting NAADP ameliorates disease in a mouse model of intestinal inflammation. Thus, these results reveal a novel function of NAADP in controlling the differentiation and plasticity of CD4+ T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikołaj Nawrocki
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| | - Niels Lory
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Bedke
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| | - Friederike Stumme
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
| | - Björn-Phillip Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.-P.D.); (A.H.G.)
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (B.-P.D.); (A.H.G.)
| | - Chris Meier
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Nicola Gagliani
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Immunology and Allergy Unit, Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Samuel Huber
- Section of Molecular Immunology and Gastroenterology, I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (M.N.); (T.B.); (F.S.); (N.G.)
- Hamburg Center for Translational Immunology (HCTI), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany; (N.L.); (H.-W.M.)
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Vasilev F, Ezhova Y, Chun JT. Signaling Enzymes and Ion Channels Being Modulated by the Actin Cytoskeleton at the Plasma Membrane. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910366. [PMID: 34638705 PMCID: PMC8508623 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A cell should deal with the changing external environment or the neighboring cells. Inevitably, the cell surface receives and transduces a number of signals to produce apt responses. Typically, cell surface receptors are activated, and during this process, the subplasmalemmal actin cytoskeleton is often rearranged. An intriguing point is that some signaling enzymes and ion channels are physically associated with the actin cytoskeleton, raising the possibility that the subtle changes of the local actin cytoskeleton can, in turn, modulate the activities of these proteins. In this study, we reviewed the early and new experimental evidence supporting the notion of actin-regulated enzyme and ion channel activities in various cell types including the cells of immune response, neurons, oocytes, hepatocytes, and epithelial cells, with a special emphasis on the Ca2+ signaling pathway that depends on the synthesis of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. Some of the features that are commonly found in diverse cells from a wide spectrum of the animal species suggest that fine-tuning of the activities of the enzymes and ion channels by the actin cytoskeleton may be an important strategy to inhibit or enhance the function of these signaling proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Vasilev
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal (CRCHUM), 900 Rue St Denis, Montreal, QC H2X 0A9, Canada
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (J.T.C.); Tel.: +1-514-249-5862 (F.V.); +39-081-583-3407 (J.T.C.)
| | - Yulia Ezhova
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC H1T 2M4, Canada;
| | - Jong Tai Chun
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (F.V.); (J.T.C.); Tel.: +1-514-249-5862 (F.V.); +39-081-583-3407 (J.T.C.)
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Gil D, Guse AH, Dupont G. Three-Dimensional Model of Sub-Plasmalemmal Ca 2+ Microdomains Evoked by the Interplay Between ORAI1 and InsP 3 Receptors. Front Immunol 2021; 12:659790. [PMID: 33995380 PMCID: PMC8113648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.659790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signaling plays an essential role in T cell activation, which is a key step to start an adaptive immune response. During the transition from a quiescent to a fully activated state, Ca2+ microdomains characterized by reduced spatial and temporal extents are observed in the junctions between the plasma membrane (PM) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Such Ca2+ responses can also occur in response to T cell adhesion to other cells or extracellular matrix proteins in otherwise unstimulated T cells. These non-TCR/CD3-dependent Ca2+ microdomains rely on d-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signaling and subsequent store operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) via the ORAI/STIM system. The detailed molecular mechanism of adhesion-dependent Ca2+ microdomain formation remains to be fully elucidated. We used mathematical modeling to investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of T cell Ca2+ microdomains and their molecular regulators. We developed a reaction-diffusion model using COMSOL Multiphysics to describe the evolution of cytosolic and ER Ca2+ concentrations in a three-dimensional ER-PM junction. Equations are based on a previously proposed realistic description of the junction, which is extended to take into account IP3 receptors (IP3R) that are located next to the junction. The first model only considered the ORAI channels and the SERCA pumps. Taking into account the existence of preformed clusters of ORAI1 and STIM2, ORAI1 slightly opens in conditions of a full ER. These simulated Ca2+ microdomains are too small as compared to those observed in unstimulated T cells. When considering the opening of the IP3Rs located near the junction, the local depletion of ER Ca2+ allows for larger Ca2+ fluxes through the ORAI1 channels and hence larger local Ca2+ concentrations. Computational results moreover show that Ca2+ diffusion in the ER has a major impact on the Ca2+ changes in the junction, by affecting the local Ca2+ gradients in the sub-PM ER. Besides pointing out the likely involvement of the spontaneous openings of IP3Rs in the activation of SOCE in conditions of T cell adhesion prior to full activation, the model provides a tool to investigate how Ca2+ microdomains extent and interact in response to T cell receptor activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gil
- The Ca2+ Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Ca2+ Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculté des Sciences CP231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Hadaeghi F, Diercks BP, Schetelig D, Damicelli F, Wolf IMA, Werner R. Spatio-temporal feature learning with reservoir computing for T-cell segmentation in live-cell [Formula: see text] fluorescence microscopy. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8233. [PMID: 33859269 PMCID: PMC8050068 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87607-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in high-resolution live-cell [Formula: see text] imaging enabled subcellular localization of early [Formula: see text] signaling events in T-cells and paved the way to investigate the interplay between receptors and potential target channels in [Formula: see text] release events. The huge amount of acquired data requires efficient, ideally automated image processing pipelines, with cell localization/segmentation as central tasks. Automated segmentation in live-cell cytosolic [Formula: see text] imaging data is, however, challenging due to temporal image intensity fluctuations, low signal-to-noise ratio, and photo-bleaching. Here, we propose a reservoir computing (RC) framework for efficient and temporally consistent segmentation. Experiments were conducted with Jurkat T-cells and anti-CD3 coated beads used for T-cell activation. We compared the RC performance with a standard U-Net and a convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) model. The RC-based models (1) perform on par in terms of segmentation accuracy with the deep learning models for cell-only segmentation, but show improved temporal segmentation consistency compared to the U-Net; (2) outperform the U-Net for two-emission wavelengths image segmentation and differentiation of T-cells and beads; and (3) perform on par with the convolutional LSTM for single-emission wavelength T-cell/bead segmentation and differentiation. In turn, RC models contain only a fraction of the parameters of the baseline models and reduce the training time considerably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Hadaeghi
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schetelig
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligence (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabrizio Damicelli
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Insa M. A. Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, Center for Experimental Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligence (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
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11
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Abstract
T cells are an essential component of the immune system that provide antigen-specific acute and long lasting immune responses to infections and tumors, ascertain the maintenance of immunological tolerance and, on the flipside, mediate autoimmunity in a variety of diseases. The activation of T cells through antigen recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR) results in transient and sustained Ca2+ signals that are shaped by the opening of Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane and cellular organelles. The dynamic regulation of intracellular Ca2+ concentrations controls a variety of T cell functions on the timescale of seconds to days after signal initiation. Among the more recently identified roles of Ca2+ signaling in T cells is the regulation of metabolic pathways that control the function of many T cell subsets. In this review, we discuss how Ca2+ regulates several metabolic programs in T cells such as the activation of AMPK and the PI3K-AKT-mTORC1 pathway, aerobic glycolysis, mitochondrial metabolism including tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle function and oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), as well as lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinhu Wang
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Tao
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Institute of Systems Immunology, Julius Maximilians University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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Yang PC, Jafri MS. Ca 2+ signaling in T lymphocytes: the interplay of the endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria, membrane potential, and CRAC channels on transcription factor activation. Heliyon 2020; 6:e03526. [PMID: 32181396 PMCID: PMC7063158 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e03526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell receptor stimulation initiates a cascade of reactions that cause an increase in intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration mediated through inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3). To understand the basic mechanisms by which the immune response in T cells is activated, it is useful to understand the signaling pathways that contain important targets for drugs in a quantitative fashion. A computational model helps us to understand how the selected elements in the pathways interact with each other, and which component plays the crucial role in systems. We have developed a mathematical model to explore the mechanism for controlling transcription factor activity, which regulates gene expression, by the modulation of calcium signaling triggered during T cell activation. The model simulates the activation and modulation of Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ (CRAC) channels by mitochondrial dynamics and depletion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) store, and also includes membrane potential in T-cells. The model simulates the experimental finding that increases in Ca2+ current enhances the activation of transcription factors and the Ca2+ influx through CRAC is also essential for the NFAT and NFκB activation. The model also suggests that plasma membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) controls a majority of the extrusion of Ca2+ and modulates the activation of CRAC channels. Furthermore, the model simulations explain how the complex interaction of the endoplasmic reticulum, membrane potential, mitochondria, and ion channels such as CRAC channels control T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chi Yang
- Department of Physiology and Membrane Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
| | - M. Saleet Jafri
- Krasnow Institute for Advanced Study and School of Systems Biology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA
- Center for Biomedical Engineering and Technology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 20201, USA
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13
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Ong HL, Ambudkar IS. The Endoplasmic Reticulum-Plasma Membrane Junction: A Hub for Agonist Regulation of Ca 2+ Entry. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:cshperspect.a035253. [PMID: 31501196 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a035253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Stimulation of cell-surface receptors induces cytosolic Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) increases that are detected and transduced by effector proteins for regulation of cell function. Intracellular Ca2+ release, via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) proteins inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and ryanodine receptors (RyR), and Ca2+ influx, via store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE), contribute to the increase in [Ca2+]i The amplitude, frequency, and spatial characteristics of the [Ca2+]i increases are controlled by the compartmentalization of proteins into signaling complexes such as receptor-signaling complexes and SOCE complexes. Both complexes include protein and lipid components, located in the plasma membrane (PM) and ER. Receptor signaling initiates in the PM via phospholipase C (PLC)-mediated hydrolysis of phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2), and culminates with the activation of IP3R in the ER. Conversely, SOCE is initiated in the ER by Ca2+-sensing stromal interaction molecule (STIM) proteins, which then interact with PM channels Orai1 and TRPC1 to activate Ca2+ entry. This review will address how ER-PM junctions serve a central role in agonist regulation of SOCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwei Ling Ong
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892
| | - Indu Suresh Ambudkar
- Secretory Physiology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda Maryland 20892
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14
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Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is of paramount importance to immunity. Regulated increases in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in lymphocytes control complex and crucial effector functions such as metabolism, proliferation, differentiation, antibody and cytokine secretion and cytotoxicity. Altered Ca2+ regulation in lymphocytes leads to various autoimmune, inflammatory and immunodeficiency syndromes. Several types of plasma membrane and organellar Ca2+-permeable channels are functional in T cells. They contribute highly localized spatial and temporal Ca2+ microdomains that are required for achieving functional specificity. While the mechanistic details of these Ca2+ microdomains are only beginning to emerge, it is evident that through crosstalk, synergy and feedback mechanisms, they fine-tune T cell signalling to match complex immune responses. In this article, we review the expression and function of various Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria and endolysosomes of T cells and their role in shaping immunity and the pathogenesis of immune-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Trebak
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA.
| | - Jean-Pierre Kinet
- Department of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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15
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Fenninger F, Jefferies WA. What's Bred in the Bone: Calcium Channels in Lymphocytes. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1021-1030. [PMID: 30718290 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1800837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important second messenger in lymphocytes and is essential in regulating various intracellular pathways that control critical cell functions. Ca2+ channels are located in the plasma membrane and intracellular membranes, facilitating Ca2+ entry into the cytoplasm. Upon Ag receptor stimulation, Ca2+ can enter the lymphocyte via the Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channel found in the plasma membrane. The increase of cytosolic Ca2+ modulates signaling pathways, resulting in the transcription of target genes implicated in differentiation, activation, proliferation, survival, and apoptosis of lymphocytes. Along with Ca2+ release-activated Ca2+ channels, several other channels have been found in the membranes of T and B lymphocytes contributing to key cellular events. Among them are the transient receptor potential channels, the P2X receptors, voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels, and the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor as well as the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors. In this article, we review the contributions of these channels to mediating Ca2+ currents that drive specific lymphocyte functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Fenninger
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Wilfred A Jefferies
- Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.,Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6H 3Z6, British Columbia, Canada.,Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada.,The Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z3, British Columbia, Canada.,Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada; and.,Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver V6T 1Z4, British Columbia, Canada
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16
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Friedmann KS, Bozem M, Hoth M. Calcium signal dynamics in T lymphocytes: Comparing in vivo and in vitro measurements. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2019; 94:84-93. [PMID: 30630031 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amplitude and kinetics of intracellular Ca2+ signals ([Ca2+]int) determine many immune cell functions. To mimic in vivo changes of [Ca2+]int in human immune cells, two approaches may be best suited: 1) Analyze primary human immune cells taken from blood under conditions resembling best physiological or pathophysiological conditions. 2.) Analyze the immune system in vivo or ex vivo in explanted tissue from small vertebrate animals, such as mice. With the help of genetically encoded Ca2+ indicators and intravital microscopy, [Ca2+]int have been investigated in murine T lymphocytes (T cells) in vivo during the last five years and in explanted lymph node (LN) during the last 10 years. There are several important reasons to compare [Ca2+]int measured in primary murine T lymphocytes in vivo and in vitro with [Ca2+]int measured in primary human T lymphocytes in vitro. First, how do human and murine data compare? Second, how do in vivo and in vitro data compare? Third, can in vitro data predict in vivo data? The last point is particularly important considering the many technical challenges that limit in vivo measurements and to reduce the number of animals sacrificed. This review summarizes and compares the results of the available publications on in vivo and in vitro [Ca2+]int measurements in T lymphocytes stimulated focally by antigen-presenting cells (APC) after forming an immunological synapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Friedmann
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Monika Bozem
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
| | - Markus Hoth
- Department of Biophysics, Center for Integrative Physiology and Molecular Medicine, Medical Faculty, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany.
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17
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Diercks BP, Werner R, Weidemüller P, Czarniak F, Hernandez L, Lehmann C, Rosche A, Krüger A, Kaufmann U, Vaeth M, Failla AV, Zobiak B, Kandil FI, Schetelig D, Ruthenbeck A, Meier C, Lodygin D, Flügel A, Ren D, Wolf IMA, Feske S, Guse AH. ORAI1, STIM1/2, and RYR1 shape subsecond Ca 2+ microdomains upon T cell activation. Sci Signal 2018; 11:11/561/eaat0358. [PMID: 30563862 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat0358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The earliest intracellular signals that occur after T cell activation are local, subsecond Ca2+ microdomains. Here, we identified a Ca2+ entry component involved in Ca2+ microdomain formation in both unstimulated and stimulated T cells. In unstimulated T cells, spontaneously generated small Ca2+ microdomains required ORAI1, STIM1, and STIM2. Super-resolution microscopy of unstimulated T cells identified a circular subplasmalemmal region with a diameter of about 300 nm with preformed patches of colocalized ORAI1, ryanodine receptors (RYRs), and STIM1. Preformed complexes of STIM1 and ORAI1 in unstimulated cells were confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation and Förster resonance energy transfer studies. Furthermore, within the first second after T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation, the number of Ca2+ microdomains increased in the subplasmalemmal space, an effect that required ORAI1, STIM2, RYR1, and the Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger NAADP (nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate). These results indicate that preformed clusters of STIM and ORAI1 enable local Ca2+ entry events in unstimulated cells. Upon TCR activation, NAADP-evoked Ca2+ release through RYR1, in coordination with Ca2+ entry through ORAI1 and STIM, rapidly increases the number of Ca2+ microdomains, thereby initiating spread of Ca2+ signals deeper into the cytoplasm to promote full T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paula Weidemüller
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frederik Czarniak
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lola Hernandez
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cari Lehmann
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Annette Rosche
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Aileen Krüger
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Martin Vaeth
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Antonio V Failla
- Microscopy Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Zobiak
- Microscopy Core Facility, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Farid I Kandil
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Schetelig
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Chris Meier
- Organic Chemistry, University of Hamburg, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dmitri Lodygin
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Alexander Flügel
- Institute of Neuroimmunology, University of Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6313, USA
| | - Insa M A Wolf
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Feske
- Department of Pathology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signaling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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18
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Bhandage AK, Jin Z, Korol SV, Tafreshiha AS, Gohel P, Hellgren C, Espes D, Carlsson PO, Sundström-Poromaa I, Birnir B. Expression of calcium release-activated and voltage-gated calcium channels genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells is altered in pregnancy and in type 1 diabetes. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0208981. [PMID: 30543678 PMCID: PMC6292698 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium (Ca2+) is an important ion in physiology and is found both outside and inside cells. The intracellular concentration of Ca2+ is tightly regulated as it is an intracellular signal molecule and can affect a variety of cellular processes. In immune cells Ca2+ has been shown to regulate e.g. gene transcription, cytokine secretion, proliferation and migration. Ca2+ can enter the cytoplasm either from intracellular stores or from outside the cells when Ca2+ permeable ion channels in the plasma membrane open. The Ca2+ release-activated (CRAC) channel is the most prominent Ca2+ ion channel in the plasma membrane. It is formed by ORAI1-3 and the channel is opened by the endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ sensor proteins stromal interaction molecules (STIM) 1 and 2. Another group of Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane are the voltage-gated Ca2+ (CaV) channels. We examined if a change in immunological tolerance is accompanied by altered ORAI, STIM and CaV gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in pregnant women and in type 1 diabetic individuals. Our results show that in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes ORAI1-3 are up-regulated whereas STIM1 and 2 are down-regulated in pregnancy but only STIM2 in type 1 diabetes. Expression of L-, P/Q-, R- and T-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels was detected in the PBMCs where the CaV2.3 gene was up-regulated in pregnancy and type 1 diabetes whereas the CaV 2.1 and CaV3.2 genes were up-regulated only in pregnancy and the CaV1.3 gene in type 1 diabetes. The results are consistent with that expression of ORAI, STIM and CaV genes correlate with a shift in immunological status of the individual in health, as during pregnancy, and in the autoimmune disease type 1 diabetes. Whether the changes are in general protective or in type 1 diabetes include some pathogenic components remains to be clarified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amol K Bhandage
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Zhe Jin
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sergiy V Korol
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Priya Gohel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner-Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Charlotte Hellgren
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniel Espes
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Per-Ola Carlsson
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Bryndis Birnir
- Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Xia F, Qian CR, Xun Z, Hamon Y, Sartre AM, Formisano A, Mailfert S, Phelipot MC, Billaudeau C, Jaeger S, Nunès JA, Guo XJ, He HT. TCR and CD28 Concomitant Stimulation Elicits a Distinctive Calcium Response in Naive T Cells. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2864. [PMID: 30564247 PMCID: PMC6288997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
T cell activation is initiated upon ligand engagement of the T cell receptor (TCR) and costimulatory receptors. The CD28 molecule acts as a major costimulatory receptor in promoting full activation of naive T cells. However, despite extensive studies, why naive T cell activation requires concurrent stimulation of both the TCR and costimulatory receptors remains poorly understood. Here, we explore this issue by analyzing calcium response as a key early signaling event to elicit T cell activation. Experiments using mouse naive CD4+ T cells showed that engagement of the TCR or CD28 with the respective cognate ligand was able to trigger a rise in fluctuating calcium mobilization levels, as shown by the frequency and average response magnitude of the reacting cells compared with basal levels occurred in unstimulated cells. The engagement of both TCR and CD28 enabled a further increase of these two metrics. However, such increases did not sufficiently explain the importance of the CD28 pathways to the functionally relevant calcium responses in T cell activation. Through the autocorrelation analysis of calcium time series data, we found that combined but not separate TCR and CD28 stimulation significantly prolonged the average decay time (τ) of the calcium signal amplitudes determined with the autocorrelation function, compared with its value in unstimulated cells. This increasement of decay time (τ) uniquely characterizes the fluctuating calcium response triggered by concurrent stimulation of TCR and CD28, as it could not be achieved with either stronger TCR stimuli or by co-engaging both TCR and LFA-1, and likely represents an important feature of competent early signaling to provoke efficient T cell activation. Our work has thus provided new insights into the interplay between the TCR and CD28 early signaling pathways critical to trigger naive T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Xia
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Cheng-Rui Qian
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Zhou Xun
- School of Economics, Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanchang, China.,Aix Marseille University, AMSE and GREQAM, Marseille, France
| | - Yannick Hamon
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jacques A Nunès
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, Institut Paoli-Calmettes, CRCM, Marseille, France.,Equipe Labellisée Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille, Immunology and Cancer, Marseille, France
| | - Xiao-Jun Guo
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
| | - Hai-Tao He
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, INSERM, CIML, Marseille, France
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20
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Freitas CMT, Johnson DK, Weber KS. T Cell Calcium Signaling Regulation by the Co-Receptor CD5. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E1295. [PMID: 29701673 PMCID: PMC5983667 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19051295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium influx is critical for T cell effector function and fate. T cells are activated when T cell receptors (TCRs) engage peptides presented by antigen-presenting cells (APC), causing an increase of intracellular calcium (Ca2+) concentration. Co-receptors stabilize interactions between the TCR and its ligand, the peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC), and enhance Ca2+ signaling and T cell activation. Conversely, some co-receptors can dampen Ca2+ signaling and inhibit T cell activation. Immune checkpoint therapies block inhibitory co-receptors, such as cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death 1 (PD-1), to increase T cell Ca2+ signaling and promote T cell survival. Similar to CTLA-4 and PD-1, the co-receptor CD5 has been known to act as a negative regulator of T cell activation and to alter Ca2+ signaling and T cell function. Though much is known about the role of CD5 in B cells, recent research has expanded our understanding of CD5 function in T cells. Here we review these recent findings and discuss how our improved understanding of CD5 Ca2+ signaling regulation could be useful for basic and clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Tellez Freitas
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - Deborah K Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
| | - K Scott Weber
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84604, USA.
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21
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Guse AH, Diercks BP. Integration of nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP)-dependent calcium signalling. J Physiol 2018; 596:2735-2743. [PMID: 29635794 DOI: 10.1113/jp275974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP) is currently the most potent endogenous Ca2+ mobilizing second messenger. Upon specific extracellular stimulation, rapid production of NAADP has been observed in different cell types from sea urchin eggs to mammalian cells. More than 20 years after the discovery of NAADP, there is still controversy surrounding its metabolism and target receptors/ion channels and organelles. This article briefly reviews recent developments in the NAADP field. Besides the metabolism of NAADP, this review focuses on assumed organelles and putative targets, e.g. ion channels, with special emphasis on ryanodine receptor type 1 (RyR1) and two-pore channels (TPCs). The role of NAADP as a Ca2+ trigger is also discussed and the importance of NAADP in the formation of initial Ca2+ microdomains is highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas H Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg, 20246, Germany
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22
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Desdín-Micó G, Soto-Heredero G, Mittelbrunn M. Mitochondrial activity in T cells. Mitochondrion 2017; 41:51-57. [PMID: 29032101 DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria fulfill important and diverse roles during the different stages of T cell adaptive responses. Here we discuss the role of the mitochondria in T cells from the initial steps of activation at the immune synapse to their participation in memory response and T cell exhaustion. Mitochondria are relocated to the immune synapse in order to supply local ATP and to aid calcium signaling. During expansion and proliferation, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species drive proliferation. Aerobic glycolysis, glutaminolysis and fatty acid oxidation regulate the program of differentiation into effector or regulatory T cell subsets, and mitochondrial remodeling proteins are required for the long-lasting phenotype of memory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Desdín-Micó
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - Gonzalo Soto-Heredero
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Madrid 28049, Spain
| | - María Mittelbrunn
- Instituto de Investigación del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre (i+12), Avenida de Córdoba s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain; Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Nicolás Cabrera, 1, Madrid 28049, Spain.
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