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Kiś J, Góralczyk M, Sikora D, Stępień E, Drop B, Polz-Dacewicz M. Can the Epstein-Barr Virus Play a Role in the Development of Prostate Cancer? Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:328. [PMID: 38254816 PMCID: PMC10814141 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the fourth most frequently diagnosed cancer worldwide, accounting for 7.3% of all cancers. PCa mortality is the fifth most common cause of cancer death. Despite well-known factors influencing the development of PCa, such as age, race/ethnicity and family history, many researchers have raised the possibility of persistent infections with oncogenic viruses. Therefore, we aimed to assess the frequency of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA in tissue collected from PCa patients. Next, the frequency and the level of Epstein-Barr virus capsid antigen (EBVCA) and Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen 1 (EBNA1) antibodies in both IgA and IgG classes were measured. The antibody titer was also analyzed depending on the risk group, Gleason score (GS) and tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) classification. Serum samples were analyzed using the Microblot-Array EBV IgM, IgA and IgG test kits. The study group consisted of 115 patients diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed with PCa. In 49% of patients included in the study, EBV DNA was detected in the tumor tissue. The studies showed both higher seroprevalence and higher antibody titers in patients with EBV-positive PCa compared to patients with EBV-negative PCa. We also observed a dependence of antibody titer on pathological features, such as GS, risk group and T stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Kiś
- 1st Clinical Military Hospital with Outpatient Clinic in Lublin, 20-049 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Magdalena Góralczyk
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Dominika Sikora
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Ewa Stępień
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.P.-D.)
| | - Bartłomiej Drop
- Department of Medical Informatics and Statistics with e-Health Lab, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Polz-Dacewicz
- Department of Virology with Viral Diagnostics Laboratory, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland; (D.S.); (E.S.); (M.P.-D.)
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2
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Georgopoulos AP, James LM. Association between brain cancer immunogenetic profile and in silico immunogenicities of 11 viruses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21528. [PMID: 38057480 PMCID: PMC10700375 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48843-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Several viruses including human herpes viruses (HHVs), human polyomavirus JCV, and human papilloma virus (HPV) have been implicated in brain cancer, albeit inconsistently. Since human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is centrally involved in the human immune response to viruses and has been implicated in brain cancer, we evaluated in silico the immunogenicity between 69 Class I HLA alleles with epitopes of proteins of 9 HHVs, JCV, and HPV with respect to a population-based HLA-brain cancer profile. We found that immunogenicity varied widely across HLA alleles with HLA-C alleles exhibiting the highest immunogenicity, and that immunogenicity scores were negatively associated with the population-based HLA-brain cancer profile, particularly for JCV, HHV6A, HHV5, HHV3, HHV8, and HHV7. Consistent with the role of HLA in foreign antigen elimination, the findings suggest that viruses with proteins of high HLA immunogenicity are eliminated more effectively and, consequently, less likely to cause brain cancer; conversely, the absence of highly immunogenic HLA may allow the viral antigens to persist, contributing to cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis VAMC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
| | - Lisa M James
- The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Minneapolis VAMC, One Veterans Drive, Minneapolis, MN, 55417, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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3
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James LM, Georgopoulos AP. Positive Association Between the Immunogenetic Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Profiles of Multiple Sclerosis and Brain Cancer. Neurosci Insights 2023; 18:26331055231214543. [PMID: 38046672 PMCID: PMC10693228 DOI: 10.1177/26331055231214543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous research has documented elevated risk of brain cancer in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). Separately, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) has been implicated in protection or susceptibility for both conditions. The aim of the current study was to assess a possible role of shared immunogenetic influence on risk of MS and brain cancer. We first identified an immunogenetic profile for each condition based on the covariance between the population frequency of 127 high-resolution HLA alleles and the population prevalence of each condition in 14 Continental Western European countries and then evaluated the correspondence between MS and brain cancer immunogenetic profiles. Also, since each individual carries 12 HLA alleles (2 × 6 genes), we estimated HLA protection and susceptibility for MS and brain cancer at the individual level. We found that the immunogenetic profiles of MS and brain cancer were highly correlated overall (P < .001) and across all 6 HLA genes with the strongest association observed for DRB1, followed by DQB1 and HLA-A. These findings of immunogenetic overlap between MS and brain cancer are discussed in light of the role of HLA in the immune system response to viruses and other foreign antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M James
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Apostolos P Georgopoulos
- Department of Veterans Affairs Health Care System, The HLA Research Group, Brain Sciences Center, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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4
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Dinh VT, Loaëc N, Quillévéré A, Le Sénéchal R, Keruzoré M, Martins RP, Granzhan A, Blondel M. The hide-and-seek game of the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus-encoded EBNA1 protein with the immune system: An RNA G-quadruplex tale. Biochimie 2023; 214:57-68. [PMID: 37473831 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first oncogenic virus described in human. EBV infects more than 90% of the human population worldwide, but most EBV infections are asymptomatic. After the primary infection, the virus persists lifelong in the memory B cells of the infected individuals. Under certain conditions the virus can cause several human cancers, that include lymphoproliferative disorders such as Burkitt and Hodgkin lymphomas and non-lymphoid malignancies such as 100% of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and 10% of gastric cancers. Each year, about 200,000 EBV-related cancers emerge, hence accounting for at least 1% of worldwide cancers. Like all gammaherpesviruses, EBV has evolved a strategy to escape the host immune system. This strategy is mainly based on the tight control of the expression of its Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA1) protein, the EBV-encoded genome maintenance protein. Indeed, EBNA1 is essential for viral genome replication and maintenance but, at the same time, is also highly antigenic and T cells raised against EBNA1 exist in infected individuals. For this reason, EBNA1 is considered as the Achilles heel of EBV and the virus has seemingly evolved a strategy that employs the binding of nucleolin, a host cell factor, to RNA G-quadruplex (rG4) within EBNA1 mRNA to limit its expression to the minimal level required for function while minimizing immune recognition. This review recapitulates in a historical way the knowledge accumulated on EBNA1 immune evasion and discusses how this rG4-dependent mechanism can be exploited as an intervention point to unveil EBV-related cancers to the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van-Trang Dinh
- Univ Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France.
| | - Nadège Loaëc
- Univ Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Alicia Quillévéré
- Univ Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Ronan Le Sénéchal
- Univ Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Marc Keruzoré
- Univ Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Anton Granzhan
- Chemistry and Modelling for the Biology of Cancer (CMBC), CNRS UMR9187, Inserm U1196, Institut Curie, Université Paris Saclay, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Marc Blondel
- Univ Brest; Inserm UMR1078; Etablissement Français Du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 Avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France.
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Van Gool SW, Van de Vliet P, Kampers LFC, Kosmal J, Sprenger T, Reich E, Schirrmacher V, Stuecker W. Methods behind oncolytic virus-based DC vaccines in cancer: Toward a multiphase combined treatment strategy for Glioblastoma (GBM) patients. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 183:51-113. [PMID: 38548421 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains an orphan cancer disease with poor outcome. Novel treatment strategies are needed. Immunotherapy has several modes of action. The addition of active specific immunotherapy with dendritic cell vaccines resulted in improved overall survival of patients. Integration of DC vaccination within the first-line combined treatment became a challenge, and immunogenic cell death immunotherapy during chemotherapy was introduced. We used a retrospective analysis using real world data to evaluate the complex combined treatment, which included individualized multimodal immunotherapy during and after standard of care, and which required adaptations during treatment, and found a further improvement of overall survival. We also discuss the use of real world data as evidence. Novel strategies to move the field of individualized multimodal immunotherapy forward for GBM patients are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Ella Reich
- Immun-onkologisches Zentrum Köln, Cologne, Germany
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6
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Guerra G, McCoy L, Hansen HM, Rice T, Molinaro AM, Wiemels JL, Wiencke JK, Wrensch M, Francis SS. Antibodies to varicella-zoster virus and three other herpesviruses and survival in adults with glioma. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1047-1057. [PMID: 36610073 PMCID: PMC10237424 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifetime exposure to the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) has been consistently inversely associated with glioma risk, however, the relationship of VZV with survival in adults with glioma has not been investigated. In this study, we analyzed the survival of adults with glioma in relation to their antibody measurements to 4 common herpes viral infections, including VZV, measured post-diagnosis. METHODS We analyzed IgG antibody measurements to VZV, cytomegalovirus (CMV), herpes simplex virus 1/2 (HSV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) collected from 1378 adults with glioma diagnosed between 1991 and 2010. Blood was obtained a median of 3 months after surgery. Associations of patient IgG levels with overall survival were estimated using Cox models adjusted for age, sex, self-reported race, surgery type, dexamethasone usage at blood draw, and tumor grade. Models were stratified by recruitment series and meta-analyzed to account for time-dependent treatment effects. RESULTS VZV antibody seropositivity was associated with improved survival outcomes in adults with glioma (Hazard ratio, HR = 0.70, 95% Confidence Interval 0.54-0.90, P = .006). Amongst cases who were seropositive for VZV antibodies, survival was significantly improved for those above the 25th percentile of continuous reactivity measurements versus those below (HR = 0.76, 0.66-0.88, P = .0003). Antibody seropositivity to EBV was separately associated with improved survival (HR = 0.71, 0.53-0.96, P = .028). Antibody positivity to 2 other common viruses (CMV, HSV) was not associated with altered survival. CONCLUSIONS Low levels of VZV or EBV antibodies are associated with poorer survival outcomes for adults with glioma. Differential immune response rather than viral exposure may explain these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucie McCoy
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joseph L Wiemels
- Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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7
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Evaluation of Cellular miR-122 Expression in Association with the Presence of Varicella-Zoster Virus among Central Nervous System Tumors. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-108497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Brain tumors are all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors with unclear etiologies and viral infections, especially human herpesviruses, which have emerged as a hot topic for comprehensive research. Objectives: The present study aimed at assessing the molecular epidemiology of varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and its association with microRNA 122 (miR-122) expression in CNS tumor samples. Methods: Fresh frozen tissue samples were collected from 60 CNS tumor patients and 45 healthy controls. A nested PCR assay was performed to detect the VZV-DNA. Subsequently, the expression level of miR-122 was evaluated in the CNS tumor tissue samples of patients and the brain tissue samples were obtained from healthy controls, using a real-time PCR assay. Results: Of 60 patients with CNS tumors, 29 were men and 31 were women. VZV-DNA was detected in 13.3% of the CNS tumor tissue specimens. There was no statistically significant association between the presence of VZV-DNA and different types of CNS tumors (P > 0.05). Furthermore, the expression level of miR-122 was significantly downregulated in the CNS tumor tissue samples obtained from the patients compared with those of the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Additionally, the expression level of miR-122 was significantly lower in the VZV-positive tumor samples as compared with those of the VZV-negative tumor samples and the healthy controls. Conclusions: Although VZV plays no direct role in the development of CNS tumors, the virus may affect the biology of CNS tumors by decreasing the expression levels of miR-122, which consequently leads to an increased risk of malignancy. However, the experimental data are not conclusive enough; so, further investigations are needed.
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Angrand G, Quillévéré A, Loaëc N, Dinh VT, Le Sénéchal R, Chennoufi R, Duchambon P, Keruzoré M, Martins R, Teulade-Fichou MP, Fåhraeus R, Blondel M. Type I arginine methyltransferases are intervention points to unveil the oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus to the immune system. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:11799-11819. [PMID: 36350639 PMCID: PMC9723642 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The oncogenic Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) evades the immune system but has an Achilles heel: its genome maintenance protein EBNA1. Indeed, EBNA1 is essential for viral genome maintenance but is also highly antigenic. Hence, EBV seemingly evolved a system in which the glycine-alanine repeat (GAr) of EBNA1 limits the translation of its own mRNA to the minimal level to ensure its essential function, thereby, at the same time, minimizing immune recognition. Therefore, defining intervention points at which to interfere with GAr-based inhibition of translation is an important step to trigger an immune response against EBV-carrying cancers. The host protein nucleolin (NCL) plays a critical role in this process via a direct interaction with G-quadruplexes (G4) formed in the GAr-encoding sequence of the viral EBNA1 mRNA. Here we show that the C-terminal arginine-glycine-rich (RGG) motif of NCL is crucial for its role in GAr-based inhibition of translation by mediating interaction of NCL with G4 of EBNA1 mRNA. We also show that this interaction depends on the type I arginine methyltransferase family, notably PRMT1 and PRMT3: drugs or small interfering RNA that target these enzymes prevent efficient binding of NCL on G4 of EBNA1 mRNA and relieve GAr-based inhibition of translation and of antigen presentation. Hence, this work defines type I arginine methyltransferases as therapeutic targets to interfere with EBNA1 and EBV immune evasion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Van-Trang Dinh
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Ronan Le Sénéchal
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | - Rahima Chennoufi
- Chemistry and Modelling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187 - Inserm U1196, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, Campus universitaire, Bat. 110, F-91405, France
| | - Patricia Duchambon
- Chemistry and Modelling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187 - Inserm U1196, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, Campus universitaire, Bat. 110, F-91405, France
| | - Marc Keruzoré
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1078; Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé; Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS) Bretagne; CHRU Brest, Hôpital Morvan, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, F-29200 Brest, France
| | | | - Marie-Paule Teulade-Fichou
- Chemistry and Modelling for the Biology of Cancer, CNRS UMR9187 - Inserm U1196, Institut Curie, Université Paris-Saclay, Orsay, Campus universitaire, Bat. 110, F-91405, France
| | - Robin Fåhraeus
- Cibles Thérapeutiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1162, Institut de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris 7, Hôpital St. Louis, 27 rue Juliette Dodu, F-75010 Paris, France,RECAMO, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 65653 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Marc Blondel
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. Tel: +33 2 98 01 83 88;
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Spatial analysis of the glioblastoma proteome reveals specific molecular signatures and markers of survival. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6665. [PMID: 36333286 PMCID: PMC9636229 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular heterogeneity is a key feature of glioblastoma that impedes patient stratification and leads to large discrepancies in mean patient survival. Here, we analyze a cohort of 96 glioblastoma patients with survival ranging from a few months to over 4 years. 46 tumors are analyzed by mass spectrometry-based spatially-resolved proteomics guided by mass spectrometry imaging. Integration of protein expression and clinical information highlights three molecular groups associated with immune, neurogenesis, and tumorigenesis signatures with high intra-tumoral heterogeneity. Furthermore, a set of proteins originating from reference and alternative ORFs is found to be statistically significant based on patient survival times. Among these proteins, a 5-protein signature is associated with survival. The expression of these 5 proteins is validated by immunofluorescence on an additional cohort of 50 patients. Overall, our work characterizes distinct molecular regions within glioblastoma tissues based on protein expression, which may help guide glioblastoma prognosis and improve current glioblastoma classification.
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Goudarzi Far F, Tambrchi V, Nahid Samiei R, Nahid Samiei M, Saadati H, Moradi P, Keyvanlou Z, Advay S, Nili M, Abdi S, Jamalvandi T, Arash Letafati, Behzadpour M, Kamalpour M, Ebrahimdamavandi N, Khatami A, Kiani SJ, Ghorbani S. Association between human polyomavirus infection and brain cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Microb Pathog 2022; 173:105797. [PMID: 36183958 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and potential association between the infection with some members of the polyomaviridae family of viruses and development of the brain tumors. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed by finding relevant cross-sectional and case-control studies from a large online database. Heterogeneity, OR, and corresponding 95% CI were applied to all studies by meta-analysis and forest plots. The analysis was performed using Stata Software v.14. RESULTS Twenty-three articles (33 datasets) were included in the meta-analysis, four (four datasets) of which were case/control studies and the rest were cross-sectional. The pooled prevalence of polyomaviruses among brain cancer patients was 13% (95% CI: 8-20%; I2 = 96.91%). In subgroup analysis, the pooled prevalence of JCV, SV40, BKV and Merkel cell polyomavirus was 20%, 8%, 6%, and 16%, respectively. An association was found between polyomavirus infection and brain cancer [summary OR 7.22 (95% CI (2.36-22.05); I2 = 0%)]. The subgroup analysis, based on the virus type, demonstrated a strong association between JCV infection and brain cancer development [summary OR 10.34 (95% CI 1.10-97.42; I2 = 0%)]. CONCLUSION The present study showed a significant association between polyomavirus infection and brain tumors. Moreover, these results suggest that polyomavirus infection may be a potential risk factor for the development of brain cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fariba Goudarzi Far
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Tambrchi
- Department of Microbiology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golesatn, Iran
| | - Rahil Nahid Samiei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hassan Saadati
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Health, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Pouya Moradi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Keyvanlou
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shoaib Advay
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Marzie Nili
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Abdi
- Animal Virology Department, Research and Diagnosis, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Tasnim Jamalvandi
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maral Behzadpour
- Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Tehran Medical Science Branch, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Kamalpour
- Khorramshahr University of Marine Sciences and Technology, School of Marine Science and Ocean, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Khatami
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Kiani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Saied Ghorbani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Guerra G, Kachuri L, Wendt G, Hansen HM, Mack SJ, Molinaro AM, Rice T, Bracci P, Wiencke JK, Kasahara N, Eckel-Passow JE, Jenkins RB, Wrensch M, Francis SS. The immunogenetics of viral antigen response is associated with subtype-specific glioma risk and survival. Am J Hum Genet 2022; 109:1105-1116. [PMID: 35550063 PMCID: PMC9247888 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma is a highly fatal cancer with prognostically significant molecular subtypes and few known risk factors. Multiple studies have implicated infections in glioma susceptibility, but evidence remains inconsistent. Genetic variants in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region modulate host response to infection and have been linked to glioma risk. In this study, we leveraged genetic predictors of antibody response to 12 viral antigens to investigate the relationship with glioma risk and survival. Genetic reactivity scores (GRSs) for each antigen were derived from genome-wide-significant (p < 5 × 10-8) variants associated with immunoglobulin G antibody response in the UK Biobank cohort. We conducted parallel analyses of glioma risk and survival for each GRS and HLA alleles imputed at two-field resolution by using data from 3,418 glioma-affected individuals subtyped by somatic mutations and 8,156 controls. Genetic reactivity scores to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) ZEBRA and EBNA antigens and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV) VP1 antigen were associated with glioma risk and survival (Bonferroni-corrected p < 0.01). GRSZEBRA and GRSMCV were associated in opposite directions with risk of IDH wild-type gliomas (ORZEBRA = 0.91, p = 0.0099/ORMCV = 1.11, p = 0.0054). GRSEBNA was associated with both increased risk for IDH mutated gliomas (OR = 1.09, p = 0.040) and improved survival (HR = 0.86, p = 0.010). HLA-DQA1∗03:01 was significantly associated with decreased risk of glioma overall (OR = 0.85, p = 3.96 × 10-4) after multiple testing adjustment. This systematic investigation of the role of genetic determinants of viral antigen reactivity in glioma risk and survival provides insight into complex immunogenomic mechanisms of glioma pathogenesis. These results may inform applications of antiviral-based therapies in glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geno Guerra
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - George Wendt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Helen M Hansen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven J Mack
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, Oakland, CA, USA
| | - Annette M Molinaro
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Terri Rice
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paige Bracci
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John K Wiencke
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nori Kasahara
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | | | - Robert B Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Margaret Wrensch
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Institute of Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA.
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12
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Arsene DE, Milanesi E, Dobre M. Viral oncogenesis in tumours of the central nervous system: reality or random association? A retrospective study on archived material. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:1413-1420. [PMID: 35112466 PMCID: PMC8899179 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) tumours have devastating effects and are recurrent, with dismal prognosis (gliomas) or life‐threatening by the compression effect (meningiomas). This disease's aetiology remains debatable. Over the last decade, the hypothesis that human viruses may be implicated in these tumours has been proposed. In this study, our aim is to examine the presence of 11 viruses in the most frequent CNS primary tumours. Using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), we assessed the viral presence in archived, paraffin‐embedded tumour tissues from 114 patients with glioma and meningioma and in the brain tissue from 40 controls lacking tumour pathology. We focused on candidate neuro‐oncogenic types (herpesviridae and polyomaviruses) and on human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV presence, for which involvement in these tumours was hardly investigated, was found to be associated with both tumour categories compared with controls (glioma, p = 0.032; meningioma, p = 0.032), whereas the presence of the neuro‐oncogenic viruses was found in a negligible number of both categories, suggesting a lack of association with the tumour presence. Moreover, our study reveals a positive correlation between HPV presence and glioma malignancy, and a negative correlation with meningioma grading. Our results suggest that the presence of HPV seems to be significantly associated with primary tumours of the CNS and its meninges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorel Eugen Arsene
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania.,National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Elena Milanesi
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Maria Dobre
- Victor Babes National Institute of Pathology, Bucharest, Romania
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13
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Haryuni RD, Tanaka T, Takahashi JI, Onuma I, Zhou Y, Yokoyama S, Sakurai H. Temozolomide Induces Endocytosis of EGFRvIII via p38-Mediated Non-canonical Phosphorylation in Glioblastoma Cells. Biol Pharm Bull 2021; 44:1681-1687. [PMID: 34719645 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The ligand-induced internalization of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is generally considered to attenuate downstream signaling via its endosomal degradation. However, the endocytosis of an oncogenic EGFR variant III (EGFRvIII) is impaired, which leads to persistent signaling from the cell surface, thereby promoting the proliferation and survival of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells. Cellular stress triggers the non-canonical endocytosis-recycling of EGFR by p38-mediated phosphorylation. In the present study, we used temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapeutic agent for the treatment of GBM patients, to examine whether EGFRvIII is controlled by a non-canonical mechanism. TMZ triggered the endocytic trafficking of serine phosphorylated EGFRvIII. Moreover, phosphorylation and endocytosis were abrogated by the selective p38 inhibitor SB203580, but not gefitinib, indicating that EGFRvIII is recruited to p38-mediated non-canonical endocytosis. The combination of TMZ and SB203580 also showed potential inhibitory effects on the proliferation and motility of glioblastoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratna Dini Haryuni
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama.,Center for Radioisotope and Radiopharmaceutical Technology, National Nuclear Energy Agency of Indonesia
| | - Tomohiro Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Jun-Ichiro Takahashi
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Iimi Onuma
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Satoru Yokoyama
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Hiroaki Sakurai
- Department of Cancer Cell Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
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14
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Molecular Investigation of Human Cytomegalovirus and Epstein-Barr virus in Glioblastoma Brain Tumor: A Case-Control Study in Iran. IRANIAN BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL 2021; 25:426-33. [PMID: 34696577 DOI: 10.52547/ibj.25.6.426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma multiforme is the most invasive and lethal form of brain cancer with unclear etiology. Our study aimed to investigate the molecular prevalence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infections in patients with glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Methods This case-control study was conducted on 42 FFPE brain tumor samples from GBM patients and 42 brain autopsies from subjects without neurological disorders. The presence of EBV and HCMV DNA was determined, using PCR and nested-PCR assays, respectively. Results HCMV DNA was detected in 3 out of 42 (7.1%) of GBM samples and was absent from the control group (p = 0.07). Importantly, EBV DNA was detected in 9 out of 42 (21.4%) brain tissue specimens of GBM subjects, but again in none of the control group (p = 0.001). Conclusion Our findings indicate that infection with EBV is associated with GBM.
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15
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Raghavapudi H, Singroul P, Kohila V. Brain Tumor Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Radiotherapy Treatment. Curr Med Imaging 2021; 17:931-942. [PMID: 33573575 DOI: 10.2174/1573405617666210126160206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The strategy used for the treatment of given brain cancer is critical in determining the post effects and survival. An oncological diagnosis of tumor evaluates a range of parameters such as shape, size, volume, location and neurological complexity that define the symptomatic severity. The evaluation determines a suitable treatment approach chosen from a range of options such as surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, radiation therapy and other targeted therapies. Often, a combination of such therapies is applied to achieve superior results. Radiotherapy serves as a better treatment strategy because of a higher survival rate. It offers the flexibility of synergy with other treatment strategies and fewer side effects on organs at risk. This review presents a radiobiological perspective in the treatment of brain tumor. The cause, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, post-treatment effects and the framework involved in its elimination are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haarika Raghavapudi
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
| | - Pankaj Singroul
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
| | - V Kohila
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Warangal, Warangal -506004, Telangana, India
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16
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Shraim BA, Moursi MO, Benter IF, Habib AM, Akhtar S. The Role of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Family of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Mediating Diabetes-Induced Cardiovascular Complications. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:701390. [PMID: 34408653 PMCID: PMC8365470 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.701390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a major debilitating disease whose global incidence is progressively increasing with currently over 463 million adult sufferers and this figure will likely reach over 700 million by the year 2045. It is the complications of diabetes such as cardiovascular, renal, neuronal and ocular dysfunction that lead to increased patient morbidity and mortality. Of these, cardiovascular complications that can result in stroke and cardiomyopathies are 2- to 5-fold more likely in diabetes but the underlying mechanisms involved in their development are not fully understood. Emerging research suggests that members of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR/ErbB/HER) family of tyrosine kinases can have a dual role in that they are beneficially required for normal development and physiological functioning of the cardiovascular system (CVS) as well as in salvage pathways following acute cardiac ischemia/reperfusion injury but their chronic dysregulation may also be intricately involved in mediating diabetes-induced cardiovascular pathologies. Here we review the evidence for EGFR/ErbB/HER receptors in mediating these dual roles in the CVS and also discuss their potential interplay with the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System heptapeptide, Angiotensin-(1-7), as well the arachidonic acid metabolite, 20-HETE (20-hydroxy-5, 8, 11, 14-eicosatetraenoic acid). A greater understanding of the multi-faceted roles of EGFR/ErbB/HER family of tyrosine kinases and their interplay with other key modulators of cardiovascular function could facilitate the development of novel therapeutic strategies for treating diabetes-induced cardiovascular complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bara A Shraim
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Moaz O Moursi
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ibrahim F Benter
- Faculty of Medicine, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus
| | - Abdella M Habib
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Saghir Akhtar
- College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Unit, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Copresence of High-Risk Human Papillomaviruses and Epstein-Barr Virus in Colorectal Cancer: A Tissue Microarray and Molecular Study from Lebanon. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158118. [PMID: 34360884 PMCID: PMC8347509 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) have been reported to be present in different types of human cancers, including CRCs, where they can play a key role in the onset and/or progression of these cancers. Thus, we herein explored the prevalence of high-risk HPVs and EBV in a cohort of 94 CRC tissue samples and 13 colorectal normal tissues from the Lebanese population using polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tissue microarray methodologies. We found that high-risk HPVs are present in 64%, while EBV is present in 29% of our CRC samples. Additionally, our data showed that high-risk HPV types (16, 18, 35, 58, 51, 45, 52, 31, and 33) are the most frequent in CRC in the Lebanese cohort, respectively. Our data point out that HPVs and EBV are copresent in 28% of the samples. Thus, this study clearly suggests that high-risk HPVs and EBV are present/copresent in CRCs, where they could play an important role in colorectal carcinogenesis. Nevertheless, further investigations using a larger cohort are needed to elucidate the possible cooperation between these oncoviruses in the development of CRC.
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18
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The predictive value of an admission CD4 count in HIV positive and HIV negative patients with brain tumours at a single Neurosurgical centre in South Africa – A prospective cohort study. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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19
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Kelly A, Moodley V. Establishing the significance of a pre-operative day absolute CD4 count in patients booked for elective brain tumor surgery – A prospective cohort study from a single neurosurgical center in South Africa. INTERDISCIPLINARY NEUROSURGERY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inat.2020.100886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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20
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The Association of Human Herpesviruses with Malignant Brain Tumor Pathology and Therapy: Two Sides of a Coin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22052250. [PMID: 33668202 PMCID: PMC7956256 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of certain viruses in malignant brain tumor development remains controversial. Experimental data demonstrate that human herpesviruses (HHVs), particularly cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6), are implicated in brain tumor pathology, although their direct role has not yet been proven. CMV is present in most gliomas and medulloblastomas and is known to facilitate oncomodulation and/or immunomodulation, thus promoting cancer cell proliferation, invasion, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and immunosuppression. EBV and HHV-6 have also been detected in brain tumors and high-grade gliomas, showing high rates of expression and an inflammatory potential. On the other hand, due to the neurotropic nature of HHVs, novel studies have highlighted the engagement of such viruses in the development of new immunotherapeutic approaches in the context of oncolytic viral treatment and vaccine-based strategies against brain tumors. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of recent scientific data concerning the emerging dual role of HHVs in malignant brain pathology, either as potential causative agents or as immunotherapeutic tools in the fight against these devastating diseases.
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21
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Oronsky B, Reid TR, Oronsky A, Sandhu N, Knox SJ. A Review of Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma. Front Oncol 2021; 10:574012. [PMID: 33614476 PMCID: PMC7892469 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.574012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is an aggressive and inevitably recurrent primary intra-axial brain tumor with a dismal prognosis. The current mainstay of treatment involves maximally safe surgical resection followed by radiotherapy over a 6-week period with concomitant temozolomide chemotherapy followed by temozolomide maintenance. This review provides a summary of the epidemiological, clinical, histologic and genetic characteristics of newly diagnosed disease as well as the current standard of care and potential future therapeutic prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan Oronsky
- Department of Clinical Research, EpicentRx, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Tony R. Reid
- Department of Medical Oncology, UC San Diego School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, United States
| | - Arnold Oronsky
- Department of Clinical Research, InterWest Partners, Menlo Park, CA, United States
| | - Navjot Sandhu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Susan J. Knox
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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22
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Karimzadeh M, Tabibzadeh A, Moghoofei M, Abbasi S, Sadri Nahand J, Sadeghii F, Karbalaie Niya MH, Keyvani H, Bokharaei-Salim F, Esghaei M, Esghaei M. As Evidence-Based Tumorigenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus miR-BART1-3p in Neurological Tumors. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2021; 22:257-266. [PMID: 33507707 PMCID: PMC8184183 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2021.22.1.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Central nervous system tumors are a diverse group of tumors that account for 2% of all adult cancers and 17% of childhood malignancies. Several internal and external risk factors are involved in the development of this cancer such as viral infections. The aim of this study was to the determination of the EBV infection frequency and the expression level of miR-122 and miR-BART in CNS tumors samples. METHODS One hundred and thirty-eight fresh tissue sample (106 case and 32 control) was collected from CNS specimens. The presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA was examined by PCR assay and the expression level of miR-122 and miR-BART were evaluated by using real-time PCR assay in CNS tissue samples. RESULTS EBV DNA was detected in 17% (18 of 106) of tumors tissue samples and 6.4% (2 of 32) of control samples. according to results, there was a significant relationship between the presence of EBV-DNA with CNS tumors. Additionally, the expression level of miR-122 was significantly downregulated in the EBV-positive sample compared to that of the EBV-negative sample. Also, the level of EBV-BART1-3p expression was significantly higher in EBV-positive tumors samples than EBV-positive normal samples. CONCLUSION The results of this study suggest that the EBV could change the condition of cancer cells by altering the expression of miR-122 and EBV-BART1-3p and maybe contribute to the development of cancer cells. However, the role of viral infections in CNS cancer requires further studies. <br />.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Tabibzadeh
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Moghoofei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Abbasi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javid Sadri Nahand
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzin Sadeghii
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hossin Keyvani
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farah Bokharaei-Salim
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Laboratory of National Center, Vice Chancellor for Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Esghaei
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, German Primate Center - Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Maryam Esghaei
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Qiu YL, Zheng H, Devos A, Selby H, Gevaert O. A meta-learning approach for genomic survival analysis. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6350. [PMID: 33311484 PMCID: PMC7733508 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20167-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA sequencing has emerged as a promising approach in cancer prognosis as sequencing data becomes more easily and affordably accessible. However, it remains challenging to build good predictive models especially when the sample size is limited and the number of features is high, which is a common situation in biomedical settings. To address these limitations, we propose a meta-learning framework based on neural networks for survival analysis and evaluate it in a genomic cancer research setting. We demonstrate that, compared to regular transfer-learning, meta-learning is a significantly more effective paradigm to leverage high-dimensional data that is relevant but not directly related to the problem of interest. Specifically, meta-learning explicitly constructs a model, from abundant data of relevant tasks, to learn a new task with few samples effectively. For the application of predicting cancer survival outcome, we also show that the meta-learning framework with a few samples is able to achieve competitive performance with learning from scratch with a significantly larger number of samples. Finally, we demonstrate that the meta-learning model implicitly prioritizes genes based on their contribution to survival prediction and allows us to identify important pathways in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeping Lina Qiu
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Arnout Devos
- School of Computer and Communication Sciences, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Heather Selby
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, USA.
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24
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Roy N, Gaikwad M, Bhattacharrya DK, Barah P. Identification of Systems Level Molecular Signatures from Glioblastoma Multiforme Derived Extracellular Vesicles. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 71:1156-1167. [PMID: 33231813 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the most lethal malignancies of the central nervous system characterized by high mortality rate. The complexity of GBM pathogenesis, progression, and prognosis is not fully understood yet. GBM-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry several oncogenic elements that facilitate GBM progression. The purpose of this study was to identify systems level molecular signatures from GBM-derived EVs using integrative analysis of publicly available transcriptomic data generated from plasma and serum samples. The dataset contained 19 samples in total, of which 15 samples were from plasma (11 GBM patients and 4 healthy samples) and 4 samples were from serum (2 GBM and 2 healthy samples). We carried out statistical analysis to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs), functional enrichment analysis of the DEGs, protein-protein interaction networks, module analysis, transcription factors and target gene regulatory networks analysis, and identification of hub genes. The differential expression of the identified hub genes were validated with the independent TCGA-GBM dataset. We have identified a few crucial genes and pathways associated with GBM prognosis and therapy resistance. The DEGs identified from plasma were associated with inflammatory processes and viral infection. On the other hand, the hub genes identified from the serum samples were significantly associated with protein ubiquitinylation processes and cytokine signaling regulation. The findings indicate that GBM-derived plasma and serum DEGs may be associated with distinct cellular processes and pathways which facilitate GBM progression. The findings will provide better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of GBM pathogenesis and progression. These results can further be utilized for developing and validating minimally invasive diagnostic and therapeutic molecular biomarkers for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabanita Roy
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Mithil Gaikwad
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Dhruba Kr Bhattacharrya
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India
| | - Pankaj Barah
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Napaam, Sonitpur, Assam, 784028, India.
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25
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Yuan Z, Ye X, Zhu L, Zhang N, An Z, Zheng WJ. Virome assembly and annotation in brain tissue based on next-generation sequencing. Cancer Med 2020; 9:6776-6790. [PMID: 32738030 PMCID: PMC7520322 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.3325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is one of the deadliest tumors. It has been speculated that virus plays a role in GBM but the evidences are controversy. Published researches are mainly limited to studies on the presence of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) in GBM. No comprehensive assessment of the brain virome, the collection of viral material in the brain, based on recently sequenced data has been performed. Here, we characterized the virome from 111 GBM samples and 57 normal brain samples from eight projects in the SRA database by a tested and comprehensive assembly approach. The annotation of the assembled contigs showed that most viral sequences in the brain belong to the viral family Retroviridae. In some GBM samples, we also detected full genome sequence of a novel picornavirus recently discovered in invertebrates. Unlike previous reports, our study did not detect herpes virus such as HCMV in GBM from the data we used. However, some contigs that cannot be annotated with any known genes exhibited antibody epitopes in their sequences. These findings provide several avenues for potential cancer therapy: the newly discovered picornavirus could be a starting point to engineer novel oncolytic virus; and the exhibited antibody epitopes could be a source to explore potential drug targets for immune cancer therapy. By characterizing the virosphere in GBM and normal brain at a global level, the results from this study strengthen the link between GBM and viral infection which warrants the further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Yuan
- School of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
- Texas Therapeutics InstituteInstitute of Molecular MedicineMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Xiaohua Ye
- Texas Therapeutics InstituteInstitute of Molecular MedicineMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Lisha Zhu
- School of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Ningyan Zhang
- Texas Therapeutics InstituteInstitute of Molecular MedicineMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - Zhiqiang An
- Texas Therapeutics InstituteInstitute of Molecular MedicineMcGovern Medical SchoolUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical InformaticsUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at HoustonHoustonTXUSA
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Ohya Y, Nakamura K, Wakisaka Y, Sato H, Wakisaka K, Kumamoto M, Muraya Y, Kuroda J, Nakane H, Yoshimoto G, Kitazono T, Ago T. Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Encephalopathy Presenting with Nonconvulsive Status Epilepticus in an Immunosuppressive State. Case Rep Neurol 2020; 12:214-221. [PMID: 32774278 PMCID: PMC7383209 DOI: 10.1159/000507976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is occasionally accompanied by central nervous system (CNS) complications, particularly in immunosuppressed patients. However, the symptoms and clinical features of EBV infection in the CNS are rather heterogeneous and remain unknown. We herein describe the first reported adult case manifesting nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), possibly associated with reactivation of EBV in an immunosuppressive state. A 63-year-old man with a history of acute myeloid leukemia and taking immunosuppressants was admitted due to progressively impaired consciousness without any focal neurological signs, including paralysis or convulsions. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (ASL-MRI) and brain perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography showed hyperperfusion in the right temporal region, despite no morphological abnormalities in other MRI sequences. White blood cell counts, EBV viral load, and virus-capsid antigen IgG in cerebrospinal fluid were elevated. We diagnosed him with EBV-associated encephalopathy presenting with NCSE. Administration of levetiracetam, an antiepileptic, improved the consciousness and the abnormal hyperperfusion. This case suggests a new concept of EBV-associated encephalopathy leading to epilepsy, particularly in immunosuppressed patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Ohya
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Nakamura
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sato
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kayo Wakisaka
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masaya Kumamoto
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yohei Muraya
- Cerebrovascular and Neurology Center, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Koga, Japan
| | - Junya Kuroda
- Cerebrovascular and Neurology Center, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Koga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakane
- Cerebrovascular and Neurology Center, National Hospital Organization Fukuoka-Higashi Medical Center, Koga, Japan
| | - Goichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takanari Kitazono
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsuro Ago
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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27
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Birch JL, Coull BJ, Spender LC, Watt C, Willison A, Syed N, Chalmers AJ, Hossain-Ibrahim MK, Inman GJ. Multifaceted transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) signalling in glioblastoma. Cell Signal 2020; 72:109638. [PMID: 32320860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2020.109638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive and devastating primary brain cancer which responds very poorly to treatment. The average survival time of patients is only 14-15 months from diagnosis so there is a clear and unmet need for the development of novel targeted therapies to improve patient outcomes. The multifunctional cytokine TGFβ plays fundamental roles in development, adult tissue homeostasis, tissue wound repair and immune responses. Dysfunction of TGFβ signalling has been implicated in both the development and progression of many tumour types including GBM, thereby potentially providing an actionable target for its treatment. This review will examine TGFβ signalling mechanisms and their role in the development and progression of GBM. The targeting of TGFβ signalling using a variety of approaches including the TGFβ binding protein Decorin will be highlighted as attractive therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Barry J Coull
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Lindsay C Spender
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Courtney Watt
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alice Willison
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Nelofer Syed
- The John Fulcher Molecular Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - M Kismet Hossain-Ibrahim
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Department of Neurosurgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Gareth J Inman
- CRUK Beatson Institute, Glasgow, UK; Division of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK; Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Criscitiello MF, Kraev I, Lange S. Post-Translational Protein Deimination Signatures in Serum and Serum-Extracellular Vesicles of Bos taurus Reveal Immune, Anti-Pathogenic, Anti-Viral, Metabolic and Cancer-Related Pathways for Deimination. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2861. [PMID: 32325910 PMCID: PMC7215346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The bovine immune system is known for its unusual traits relating to immunoglobulin and antiviral responses. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are phylogenetically conserved enzymes that cause post-translational deimination, contributing to protein moonlighting in health and disease. PADs also regulate extracellular vesicle (EV) release, forming a critical part of cellular communication. As PAD-mediated mechanisms in bovine immunology and physiology remain to be investigated, this study profiled deimination signatures in serum and serum-EVs in Bos taurus. Bos EVs were poly-dispersed in a 70-500 nm size range and showed differences in deiminated protein cargo, compared with whole sera. Key immune, metabolic and gene regulatory proteins were identified to be post-translationally deiminated with some overlapping hits in sera and EVs (e.g., immunoglobulins), while some were unique to either serum or serum-EVs (e.g., histones). Protein-protein interaction network analysis of deiminated proteins revealed KEGG pathways common for serum and serum-EVs, including complement and coagulation cascades, viral infection (enveloped viruses), viral myocarditis, bacterial and parasitic infections, autoimmune disease, immunodeficiency intestinal IgA production, B-cell receptor signalling, natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity, platelet activation and hematopoiesis, alongside metabolic pathways including ferroptosis, vitamin digestion and absorption, cholesterol metabolism and mineral absorption. KEGG pathways specific to EVs related to HIF-1 signalling, oestrogen signalling and biosynthesis of amino acids. KEGG pathways specific for serum only, related to Epstein-Barr virus infection, transcription mis-regulation in cancer, bladder cancer, Rap1 signalling pathway, calcium signalling pathway and ECM-receptor interaction. This indicates differences in physiological and pathological pathways for deiminated proteins in serum-EVs, compared with serum. Our findings may shed light on pathways underlying a number of pathological and anti-pathogenic (viral, bacterial, parasitic) pathways, with putative translatable value to human pathologies, zoonotic diseases and development of therapies for infections, including anti-viral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Criscitiello
- Comparative Immunogenetics Laboratory, Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Microbial Pathogenesis and Immunology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6XH, UK
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29
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Uysal-Onganer P, MacLatchy A, Mahmoud R, Kraev I, Thompson PR, Inal JM, Lange S. Peptidylarginine Deiminase Isozyme-Specific PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 Inhibitors Differentially Modulate Extracellular Vesicle Signatures and Cell Invasion in Two Glioblastoma Multiforme Cell Lines. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21041495. [PMID: 32098295 PMCID: PMC7073130 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21041495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive adult brain tumour with poor prognosis. Roles for peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) in GBM have recently been highlighted. Here, two GBM cell lines were treated with PAD2, PAD3 and PAD4 isozyme-specific inhibitors. Effects were assessed on extracellular vesicle (EV) signatures, including EV-microRNA cargo (miR21, miR126 and miR210), and on changes in cellular protein expression relevant for mitochondrial housekeeping (prohibitin (PHB)) and cancer progression (stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM-1) and moesin), as well as assessing cell invasion. Overall, GBM cell-line specific differences for the three PAD isozyme-specific inhibitors were observed on modulation of EV-signatures, PHB, STIM-1 and moesin protein levels, as well as on cell invasion. The PAD3 inhibitor was most effective in modulating EVs to anti-oncogenic signatures (reduced miR21 and miR210, and elevated miR126), to reduce cell invasion and to modulate protein expression of pro-GBM proteins in LN229 cells, while the PAD2 and PAD4 inhibitors were more effective in LN18 cells. Furthermore, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways for deiminated proteins relating to cancer, metabolism and inflammation differed between the two GBM cell lines. Our findings highlight roles for the different PAD isozymes in the heterogeneity of GBM tumours and the potential for tailored PAD-isozyme specific treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Uysal-Onganer
- Cancer Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Amy MacLatchy
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Rayan Mahmoud
- School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK; (A.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK;
| | - Paul R. Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01655, USA;
| | - Jameel M. Inal
- School of Life and Medical Sciences, University of Hertfordshire, Hatfield AL10 9AB, UK;
- School of Human Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London N7 8DB, UK
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)207-911-5000 (ext. 64832)
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30
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Limam S, Missaoui N, Mestiri S, Yacoubi M, Krifa H, Selmi B, Mokni M. Epstein-Barr virus infection in gliomas. Curr Res Transl Med 2019; 67:129-133. [DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Zhang M, Lv X, Jiang Y, Li G, Qiao Q. Identification of aberrantly methylated differentially expressed genes in glioblastoma multiforme and their association with patient survival. Exp Ther Med 2019; 18:2140-2152. [PMID: 31452706 PMCID: PMC6704589 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2019.7807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most malignant primary tumour type of the central nervous system with limited therapeutic options and poor prognosis, and its pathogenic mechanisms have remained to be fully elucidated. Aberrant DNA methylation is involved in multiple biological processes and may contribute to the occurrence and development of GBM by affecting the expression of certain genes. However, the specific molecular mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. The present study focused on uncovering differentially expressed genes with altered methylation status in GBM and aimed to discover novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of GBM. These genes were identified by combined analysis of multiple gene expression and methylation datasets from gene expression omnibus (GSE16011, GSE50161 and GSE 50923) to increase the reliability. In addition, The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) dataset for GBM was used to test the stability of the results. Overall, 251 hypomethylated upregulated genes (Hypo-UGs) and 199 hypermethylated downregulated genes (Hyper-DGs) were identified in the present study. Functional enrichment analysis revealed that the Hypo-UGs are involved in the regulation of immune- and infection-associated signalling, while the Hyper-DGs are involved in the regulation of synaptic transmission. The three hub genes for Hyper-DGs (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and adenylate cyclase 2) and five hub genes for Hypo-UGs [interleukin-8, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)9, cyclin-dependent kinase 1, 2′-5′-oligoadenylate synthetase 1, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 and MMP2] were identified by protein-protein interaction network analysis. Among the Hypo-UGs and Hyper-DGs, overexpression of C-type lectin domain containing 5A, epithelial membrane protein 3, solute carrier family 43 member 3, STEAP3 metalloreductase, tumour necrosis factor α-induced protein 6 and apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme catalytic subunit 3G was significantly associated with poor prognosis in the TCGA and GSE16011 datasets (P<0.001). In conclusion, the present study uncovered numerous novel aberrantly methylated genes and pathways associated with GBM. Methylation-based markers, including the hub genes and prognostic genes identified, may potentially serve as markers for the diagnosis of GBM and targets for its treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Xintong Lv
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Yuanjun Jiang
- Department of Urology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Guang Li
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
| | - Qiao Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, P.R. China
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32
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Pierce ES. Baseballs, tennis balls, livestock farm manure, the IDH1 mutation, endothelial cell proliferation and hypoxic pseudopalisading (granulomatous) necrosis: Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis and the epidemiology, cellular metabolism and histology of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastoma. Open Vet J 2019; 9:5-12. [PMID: 31086759 PMCID: PMC6500868 DOI: 10.4314/ovj.v9i1.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An increased rate of diffuse gliomas, including glioblastoma, has been noted in livestock farmers in Western countries. Some researchers have suggested that a zoonotic virus or bacteria present in the livestock animal’s feces or manure may be a possible etiologic factor. Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), the cause of a chronic enteropathy in domestic livestock and a probable zoonosis, is heavily excreted in an infected animal’s feces or manure, contaminating soil and ground on the animal’s farm. Once excreted in an animal’s feces, MAP lasts indefinitely in a dormant but viable form, and easily spreads outside farms to the surrounding environment. MAP’s presence throughout the soil in countries where MAP infection of domestic livestock is extensive and long-standing may explain the increased rates of glioblastoma in tennis and baseball players who handle balls coated with MAP-contaminated dirt. MAP infection is consistent with glioblastoma’s two defining histopathologic characteristics: endothelial cell proliferation and pseudopalisading necrosis. MAP is a non-tuberculous or atypical mycobacterium, which can cause hypoxic necrotizing granulomas, granulomas that resemble areas of pseudopalisading necrosis. There are known bacterial causes of endothelial cell proliferation. Almost unique amongst intracellular bacteria, MAP’s variant isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1) enzyme, a type 2-oxoglutarate ferredoxin oxidoreductase, can use a host cell’s cytosolic α-ketoglutarate in its own Krebs or tricarboxylic acid cycle. MAP’s ability to use a host cell’s α-ketoglutarate may explain the survival advantage of the cytosolic IDH1 enzyme mutation for patients with diffuse gliomas including glioblastoma, astrocytoma, and oligdendroglioma, a mutation that results in a reduced supply of cytosolic α-ketoglutarate. MAP may therefore be one possible infectious cause of glioblastoma and the other histologic categories of diffuse glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen S Pierce
- 13212 East Blossey Avenue, Spokane Valley, Washington, USA
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33
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Bedri S, Sultan AA, Alkhalaf M, Al Moustafa AE, Vranic S. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status in colorectal cancer: a mini review. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2018; 15:603-610. [PMID: 30380978 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2018.1543525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a well-characterized oncovirus, associated with several malignancies. The complex and heterogeneous nature of colorectal cancer (CRC) has led to many epidemiological causal associations with CRC. However, a direct causal link between microbial infections and CRC has not been established yet. Our review indicates that the current evidence for the presence and role in EBV in CRC is insufficient and contradictory. The design of the analyzed studies, sample size as well as methodology used for EBV detection varied markedly and consequently may not lead to meaningful conclusions. The presence of EBV in other colorectal tumors (lymphomas, smooth muscle tumors) is in line with their status at other anatomic locations and may have therapeutic implications with EBV-specific vaccines. On the other hand, studies exploring EBV in colorectal adenoma-carcinoma sequence and its molecular genetic characteristics are largely missing and may significantly contribute to a better understanding of the role of EBV in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali A Sultan
- b Weill Cornell Medicine - Qatar , Cornell University, Qatar Foundation - Education City , Doha , Qatar
| | | | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- d College of Medicine , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar.,e Syrian Research Cancer Centre of the Syrian Society against Cancer , Aleppo , Syria.,f Oncology Department , McGill University , Quebec , Montreal , Canada
| | - Semir Vranic
- d College of Medicine , Qatar University , Doha , Qatar
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34
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Liu Z, Poiret T, Meng Q, Rao M, von Landenberg A, Schoutrop E, Valentini D, Dodoo E, Peredo-Harvey I, Maeurer M. Epstein-Barr virus- and cytomegalovirus-specific immune response in patients with brain cancer. J Transl Med 2018; 16:182. [PMID: 29970101 PMCID: PMC6029420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-018-1557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients with brain tumor or pancreatic cancer exhibit the poorest prognosis, while immune fitness and cellular immune exhaustion impacts their survival immensely. This work identifies differences in the immune reactivity to the common human pathogens cytomegalovirus (CMV) and Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) between patients with brain tumor in comparison to those with pancreatic cancer and healthy individuals. Methods We characterized the humoral and cellular immune responses of patients with brain tumor or pancreatic cancer to cytomegalovirus structural protein pp65 (CMV-pp65) as well as Epstein–Barr nuclear antigen-1 (EBNA-1) by whole-blood assay and ELISA. Results Anti-CMV-pp65 plasma immunoglobulin gamma (IgG) titers were significantly lower in patients with brain tumor compared to healthy donors and patients with pancreatic cancer. Among the responding patients with GBM, those with a weak anti-CMV IgG response also had a decreased median overall survival (p = 0.017, 667 vs 419 days) while patients with brain tumor showed a generally suppressed anti-CMV immune-reactivity. Patients with brain tumor exhibited a significantly lower interferon gamma (IFNγ) response to EBNA-1 and CMV-pp65 compared to patients with pancreatic cancer or healthy donors. This antigen-specific response was further amplified in patients with brain tumor upon conditioning of whole blood with IL-2/IL-15/IL-21. Exclusively in this setting, among the responding patients with GBM, those exhibiting a EBV-specific cellular immune response above the median also displayed an increased median overall survival pattern compared to weak responders (753 vs 370 days, p < 0.001). Conclusions This report provides (i) a fast and easy assay using common viral antigens and cytokine stimulation to screen for immune fitness/exhaustion of patients with brain tumor in comparison to pancreatic cancer and healthy individuals and (ii) EBV/CMV-induced IFNγ production as a potential marker of survival in patients with brain tumor. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12967-018-1557-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjiang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Thomas Poiret
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Therapeutic Immunology, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, F79, LabMed, Hälsovägen, 14186, Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Qingda Meng
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Rao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna von Landenberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Esther Schoutrop
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Davide Valentini
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | - Markus Maeurer
- Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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