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Yue L, Li Y, Luo Y, Alarfaj AA, Shi Y. Pelargonidin inhibits cell growth and promotes oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis in lung cancer A549 cells. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38853344 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/11/2024]
Abstract
Lung cancer has the worst prognosis with an average 5-year survival rate of only 10%-20%. Lung cancer has the highest prevalence rate and a second most common cause of cancer-associated mortalities worldwide. The present study was planned to explore the anticancer effects of pelargonidin against the lung cancer A549 cells via analyzing oxidative stress-mediated apoptosis. The viability of both control and pelargonidin-treated A549 cells was analyzed using the MTT cytotoxicity assay at different time periods. The levels of endogenous ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm), and apoptosis were assessed using corresponding fluorescent staining assays. The levels of oxidative stress biomarkers, including TBARS, SOD, CAT, and GSH, in the cell lysates of control and pelargonidin-treated A549 cells were examined using the assay kits. The pelargonidin treatment substantially suppressed the A549 cell growth. Further, pelargonidin promoted the ROS production and depleted the Δψm levels in the A549 cells. The fluorescent staining assays witnessed the occurrence of increased apoptosis in the pelargonidin-treated A549 cells. The pelargonidin also boosted the TBARS and reduced the antioxidant levels thereby promoted the oxidative stress-regulated apoptosis in the A549 cells. In summary, the findings' results of the current study demonstrated an anticancer activity of pelargonidin on A549 cells. The pelargonidin treatment substantially decreased the growth and encouraged the oxidative stress-regulated apoptosis in A549 cells. Therefore, it was evident that the pelargonidin could be employed as an effective anticancer candidate to treat the lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei Yue
- Department of Pneumology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pneumology, Shandong Provincial Third Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuting Luo
- Department of Pneumology, Jinan Third People's Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Abdullah A Alarfaj
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yubo Shi
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Yantaishan Hospital, Yantaishan Hospital Affiliated to Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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2
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Wiegmans AP, Ivanova E, Naei VY, Monkman J, Fletcher J, Mullally W, Warkiani ME, O'Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. Poor patient outcome correlates with active engulfment of cytokeratin positive CTCs within cancer-associated monocyte population in lung cancer. Clin Exp Metastasis 2024; 41:219-228. [PMID: 38416302 PMCID: PMC11213738 DOI: 10.1007/s10585-024-10270-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
High rates of mortality in non-small cell lung cancer lung cancer is due to inherent and acquired resistance to systemic therapies and subsequent metastatic burden. Metastasis is supported by suppression of the immune system at secondary organs and within the circulation. Modulation of the immune system is now being exploited as a therapeutic target with immune checkpoint inhibitors. The tracking of therapeutic efficacy in a real-time can be achieved with liquid biopsy, and evaluation of circulating tumour cells and the associated immune cells. A stable liquid biopsy biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer lung cancer has yet to be approved for clinical use. We performed a cross-sectional single-site study, and collected liquid biopsies from patients diagnosed with early, locally advanced, or metastatic lung cancer, undergoing surgery, or systemic therapy (chemotherapy/checkpoint inhibitors). Evaluation of overall circulating tumour cell counts, or cluster counts did not correlate with patient outcome. Interestingly, the numbers of Pan cytokeratin positive circulating tumour cells engulfed by tumour associated monocytes correlated strongly with patient outcome independent of circulating tumour cell counts and the use of checkpoint inhibitors. We suggest that Pan cytokeratin staining within monocytes is an important indicator of tumour-associated inflammation post-therapy and an effective biomarker with strong prognostic capability for patient outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Wiegmans
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Oncology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - E Ivanova
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - V Y Naei
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J Monkman
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - J Fletcher
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Oncology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - W Mullally
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Oncology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - M E Warkiani
- School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K O'Byrne
- Cancer and Ageing Research Program, Centre for Genomics and Personalised Health, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Oncology, Woolloongabba, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - A Kulasinghe
- Faculty of Medicine, Frazer Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.
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3
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Abusamra SM, Barber R, Sharafeldin M, Edwards CM, Davis JJ. The integrated on-chip isolation and detection of circulating tumour cells. SENSORS & DIAGNOSTICS 2024; 3:562-584. [PMID: 38646187 PMCID: PMC11025039 DOI: 10.1039/d3sd00302g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) are cancer cells shed from a primary tumour which intravasate into the blood stream and have the potential to extravasate into distant tissues, seeding metastatic lesions. As such, they can offer important insight into cancer progression with their presence generally associated with a poor prognosis. The detection and enumeration of CTCs is, therefore, critical to guiding clinical decisions during treatment and providing information on disease state. CTC isolation has been investigated using a plethora of methodologies, of which immunomagnetic capture and microfluidic size-based filtration are the most impactful to date. However, the isolation and detection of CTCs from whole blood comes with many technical barriers, such as those presented by the phenotypic heterogeneity of cell surface markers, with morphological similarity to healthy blood cells, and their low relative abundance (∼1 CTC/1 billion blood cells). At present, the majority of reported methods dissociate CTC isolation from detection, a workflow which undoubtedly contributes to loss from an already sparse population. This review focuses on developments wherein isolation and detection have been integrated into a single-step, microfluidic configuration, reducing CTC loss, increasing throughput, and enabling an on-chip CTC analysis with minimal operator intervention. Particular attention is given to immune-affinity, microfluidic CTC isolation, coupled to optical, physical, and electrochemical CTC detection (quantitative or otherwise).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia M Abusamra
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
| | - Robert Barber
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
| | | | - Claire M Edwards
- Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford Oxford OX3 9DU UK
- Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Systems, University of Oxford Oxford UK
| | - Jason J Davis
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford Oxford OX1 3QZ UK
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4
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Ren F, Fei Q, Qiu K, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Sun L. Liquid biopsy techniques and lung cancer: diagnosis, monitoring and evaluation. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:96. [PMID: 38561776 PMCID: PMC10985944 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-03026-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer stands as the most prevalent form of cancer globally, posing a significant threat to human well-being. Due to the lack of effective and accurate early diagnostic methods, many patients are diagnosed with advanced lung cancer. Although surgical resection is still a potential means of eradicating lung cancer, patients with advanced lung cancer usually miss the best chance for surgical treatment, and even after surgical resection patients may still experience tumor recurrence. Additionally, chemotherapy, the mainstay of treatment for patients with advanced lung cancer, has the potential to be chemo-resistant, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. The emergence of liquid biopsies has garnered considerable attention owing to their noninvasive nature and the ability for continuous sampling. Technological advancements have propelled circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), extracellular vesicles (EVs), tumor metabolites, tumor-educated platelets (TEPs), and tumor-associated antigens (TAA) to the forefront as key liquid biopsy biomarkers, demonstrating intriguing and encouraging results for early diagnosis and prognostic evaluation of lung cancer. This review provides an overview of molecular biomarkers and assays utilized in liquid biopsies for lung cancer, encompassing CTCs, ctDNA, non-coding RNA (ncRNA), EVs, tumor metabolites, TAAs and TEPs. Furthermore, we expound on the practical applications of liquid biopsies, including early diagnosis, treatment response monitoring, prognostic evaluation, and recurrence monitoring in the context of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Ren
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110000, China
| | - Qian Fei
- Department of Oncology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110000, China
| | - Kun Qiu
- Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110000, China
| | - Yuanjie Zhang
- Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110000, China
| | - Heyang Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110000, China.
| | - Lei Sun
- Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shen Yang, 110000, China.
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5
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Purcell E, Niu Z, Owen S, Grzesik M, Radomski A, Kaehr A, Onukwugha NE, Winkler HF, Ramnath N, Lawrence T, Jolly S, Nagrath S. Circulating tumor cells reveal early predictors of disease progression in patients with stage III NSCLC undergoing chemoradiation and immunotherapy. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113687. [PMID: 38261515 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are early signs of metastasis and can be used to monitor disease progression well before radiological detection by imaging. Using an ultrasensitive graphene oxide microfluidic chip nanotechnology built with graphene oxide sheets, we were able to demonstrate that CTCs can be specifically isolated and molecularly characterized to predict future progression in patients with stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We analyzed CTCs from 26 patients at six time points throughout the treatment course of chemoradiation followed by immune checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy. We observed that CTCs decreased significantly during treatment, where a larger decrease in CTCs predicted a significantly longer progression-free survival time. Durvalumab-treated patients who have future progression were observed to have sustained higher programmed death ligand 1+ CTCs compared to stable patients. Gene expression profiling revealed phenotypically aggressive CTCs during chemoradiation. By using emerging innovative bioengineering approaches, we successfully show that CTCs are potential biomarkers to monitor and predict patient outcomes in patients with stage III NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Purcell
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Zeqi Niu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Sarah Owen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Madeline Grzesik
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Abigail Radomski
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Anna Kaehr
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Nna-Emeka Onukwugha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | | | - Nithya Ramnath
- Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Theodore Lawrence
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA
| | - Shruti Jolly
- Michigan Medicine, Department of Radiation Oncology, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
| | - Sunitha Nagrath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA; Rogel Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48105, USA.
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6
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Bertoli E, De Carlo E, Basile D, Zara D, Stanzione B, Schiappacassi M, Del Conte A, Spina M, Bearz A. Liquid Biopsy in NSCLC: An Investigation with Multiple Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10803. [PMID: 37445976 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue biopsy is essential for NSCLC diagnosis and treatment management. Over the past decades, liquid biopsy has proven to be a powerful tool in clinical oncology, isolating tumor-derived entities from the blood. Liquid biopsy permits several advantages over tissue biopsy: it is non-invasive, and it should provide a better view of tumor heterogeneity, gene alterations, and clonal evolution. Consequentially, liquid biopsy has gained attention as a cancer biomarker tool, with growing clinical applications in NSCLC. In the era of precision medicine based on molecular typing, non-invasive genotyping methods became increasingly important due to the great number of oncogene drivers and the small tissue specimen often available. In our work, we comprehensively reviewed established and emerging applications of liquid biopsy in NSCLC. We made an excursus on laboratory analysis methods and the applications of liquid biopsy either in early or metastatic NSCLC disease settings. We deeply reviewed current data and future perspectives regarding screening, minimal residual disease, micrometastasis detection, and their implication in adjuvant and neoadjuvant therapy management. Moreover, we reviewed liquid biopsy diagnostic utility in the absence of tissue biopsy and its role in monitoring treatment response and emerging resistance in metastatic NSCLC treated with target therapy and immuno-therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Bertoli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Elisa De Carlo
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Debora Basile
- Department of Medical Oncology, San Giovanni Di Dio Hospital, 88900 Crotone, Italy
| | - Diego Zara
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Brigida Stanzione
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Monica Schiappacassi
- Molecular Oncology Unit, (OMMPPT) Department of Translational Research, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Del Conte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Michele Spina
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
| | - Alessandra Bearz
- Department of Medical Oncology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico di Aviano (CRO), IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy
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7
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Feng X, Muller DC, Zahed H, Alcala K, Guida F, Smith-Byrne K, Yuan JM, Koh WP, Wang R, Milne RL, Bassett JK, Langhammer A, Hveem K, Stevens VL, Wang Y, Johansson M, Tjønneland A, Tumino R, Sheikh M, Johansson M, Robbins HA. Evaluation of pre-diagnostic blood protein measurements for predicting survival after lung cancer diagnosis. EBioMedicine 2023; 92:104623. [PMID: 37236058 PMCID: PMC10232655 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate whether circulating proteins are associated with survival after lung cancer diagnosis, and whether they can improve prediction of prognosis. METHODS We measured up to 1159 proteins in blood samples from 708 participants in 6 cohorts. Samples were collected within 3 years prior to lung cancer diagnosis. We used Cox proportional hazards models to identify proteins associated with overall mortality after lung cancer diagnosis. To evaluate model performance, we used a round-robin approach in which models were fit in 5 cohorts and evaluated in the 6th cohort. Specifically, we fit a model including 5 proteins and clinical parameters and compared its performance with clinical parameters only. FINDINGS There were 86 proteins nominally associated with mortality (p < 0.05), but only CDCP1 remained statistically significant after accounting for multiple testing (hazard ratio per standard deviation: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.10-1.30, unadjusted p = 0.00004). The external C-index for the protein-based model was 0.63 (95% CI: 0.61-0.66), compared with 0.62 (95% CI: 0.59-0.64) for the model with clinical parameters only. Inclusion of proteins did not provide a statistically significant improvement in discrimination (C-index difference: 0.015, 95% CI: -0.003 to 0.035). INTERPRETATION Blood proteins measured within 3 years prior to lung cancer diagnosis were not strongly associated with lung cancer survival, nor did they importantly improve prediction of prognosis beyond clinical information. FUNDING No explicit funding for this study. Authors and data collection supported by the US National Cancer Institute (U19CA203654), INCA (France, 2019-1-TABAC-01), Cancer Research Foundation of Northern Sweden (AMP19-962), and Swedish Department of Health Ministry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Feng
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
| | - David C Muller
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, MRC-PHE, Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hana Zahed
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Karine Alcala
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Florence Guida
- Environment and Lifestyle Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Karl Smith-Byrne
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Oxford Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jian-Min Yuan
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centre, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Woon-Puay Koh
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science Technology and Research (A∗STAR), Singapore
| | - Renwei Wang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Centre, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Roger L Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Julie K Bassett
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arnulf Langhammer
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Levanger, Norway; Department of Public Health and Nursing, K.G. Jebsen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Ying Wang
- American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mikael Johansson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Oncology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anne Tjønneland
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Hyblean Association for Epidemiological Research, AIRE ONLUS Ragusa, Italy
| | - Mahdi Sheikh
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Mattias Johansson
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hilary A Robbins
- Genomic Epidemiology Branch, International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France.
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8
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Yang Y, Liu H, Chen Y, Xiao N, Zheng Z, Liu H, Wan J. Liquid biopsy on the horizon in immunotherapy of non-small cell lung cancer: current status, challenges, and perspectives. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:230. [PMID: 37002211 PMCID: PMC10066332 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-023-05757-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most threatening malignancies to human health and life. In most cases, patients with NSCLC are already at an advanced stage when they are diagnosed. In recent years, lung cancer has made great progress in precision therapy, but the efficacy of immunotherapy is unstable, and its response rate varies from patient to patient. Several biomarkers have been proposed to predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, such as programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression and tumor mutational burden (TMB). Nevertheless, the detection assays are invasive and demanding on tumor tissue. To effectively predict the outcomes of immunotherapy, novel biomarkers are needed to improve the performance of conventional biomarkers. Liquid biopsy is to capture and detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and exosomes in body fluids, such as blood, saliva, urine, pleural fluid and cerebrospinal fluid as samples from patients, so as to make analysis and diagnosis of cancer and other diseases. The application of liquid biopsy provides a new possible solution, as it has several advantages such as non-invasive, real-time dynamic monitoring, and overcoming tumor heterogeneity. Liquid biopsy has shown predictive value in immunotherapy, significantly improving the precision treatment of lung cancer patients. Herein, we review the application of liquid biopsy in predicting the outcomes of immunotherapy in NSCLC patients, and discuss the challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongyang Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Youming Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Nan Xiao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Zhaoyang Zheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Hongchun Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
| | - Junhu Wan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.
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9
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Kemper M, Krekeler C, Menck K, Lenz G, Evers G, Schulze AB, Bleckmann A. Liquid Biopsies in Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1430. [PMID: 36900221 PMCID: PMC10000706 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
As lung cancer has the highest cancer-specific mortality rates worldwide, there is an urgent need for new therapeutic and diagnostic approaches to detect early-stage tumors and to monitor their response to the therapy. In addition to the well-established tissue biopsy analysis, liquid-biopsy-based assays may evolve as an important diagnostic tool. The analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is the most established method, followed by other methods such as the analysis of circulating tumor cells (CTCs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs). Both PCR- and NGS-based assays are used for the mutational assessment of lung cancer, including the most frequent driver mutations. However, ctDNA analysis might also play a role in monitoring the efficacy of immunotherapy and its recent accomplishments in the landscape of state-of-the-art lung cancer therapy. Despite the promising aspects of liquid-biopsy-based assays, there are some limitations regarding their sensitivity (risk of false-negative results) and specificity (interpretation of false-positive results). Hence, further studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of liquid biopsies for lung cancer. Liquid-biopsy-based assays might be integrated into the diagnostic guidelines for lung cancer as a tool to complement conventional tissue sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Kemper
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Carolin Krekeler
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Menck
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Lenz
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Georg Evers
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Arik Bernard Schulze
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Annalen Bleckmann
- Department of Medicine A for Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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10
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Nigro MC, Marchese PV, Deiana C, Casadio C, Galvani L, Di Federico A, De Giglio A. Clinical Utility and Application of Liquid Biopsy Genotyping in Lung Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. LUNG CANCER (AUCKLAND, N.Z.) 2023; 14:11-25. [PMID: 36762267 PMCID: PMC9904307 DOI: 10.2147/lctt.s388047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Precision medicine has revolutionized the therapeutic management of cancer patients with a major impact on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), particularly lung adenocarcinoma, where advances have been remarkable. Tissue biopsy, required for tumor molecular testing, has significant limitations due to the difficulty of the biopsy site or the inadequacy of the histological specimen. In this context, liquid biopsy, consisting of the analysis of tumor-released materials circulating in body fluids, such as blood, is increasingly emerging as a valuable and non-invasive biomarker for detecting circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) carrying molecular tumor signatures. In advanced/metastatic NSCLC, liquid biopsy drives target therapy by monitoring response to treatment and identifying eventual genomic mechanisms of resistance. In addition, recent data have shown a significant ability to detect minimal residual disease in early-stage lung cancer, underlying the potential application of liquid biopsy in the adjuvant setting, in early detection of recurrence, and also in the screening field. In this article, we present a review of the currently available data about the utility and application of liquid biopsy in lung cancer, with a particular focus on the approach to different techniques of analysis for liquid biopsy and a comparison with tissue samples as well as the potential practical uses in early and advanced/metastatic NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Concetta Nigro
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Paola Valeria Marchese
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy,Correspondence: Paola Valeria Marchese, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Via Albertoni 15, Bologna, 40138, Italy, Email
| | - Chiara Deiana
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Chiara Casadio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Linda Galvani
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Alessandro Di Federico
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
| | - Andrea De Giglio
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, University of Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy,Medical Oncology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, 40138, Italy
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11
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Aktar S, Baghaie H, Islam F, Gopalan V, Lam AKY. Current Status of Circulating Tumor Cells in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Review. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 168:988-1005. [PMID: 36939466 DOI: 10.1002/ohn.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are found in the blood of patients with cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs). The aim is to review the most up-to-date status of CTCs for applications in patients with HNSCC. DATA SOURCES English articles in PubMed. REVIEW METHODS All the studies on CTCs in HNSCCs in the literature were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS There is emerging information on the diagnostic and prognostic value of CTCs in HNSCCs. Evidence also highlights the advantages of various downstream analysis approaches over circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), such as single-CTC analysis, ex vivo, and in vivo expansion of CTCs. Multiple phenotypic surface markers (cytokeratins, EpCAM, vimentin, etc.), used for CTCs characterization using different immunoassays, could predict disease progression as well as patients' response to treatment efficacy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors' status in CTCs could also provide better insight into treatment. Clonal expansion of CTCs and single-cell analysis of CTCs are the most emerging fields nowadays which may offer an understanding of the mechanism of tumor evolution as well as therapeutic efficacy. Although several clinical trials are ongoing, limitations still exist in the detection and characterization of CTCs. Due to the lack of a gold standard protocol, the sensitivity and specificity of CTC enumeration methods vary. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Prospective clinical trials are still needed before CTCs can be employed as diagnostic and prognostic markers in the clinical management of patients with HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharmin Aktar
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail, Bangladesh
| | - Hooman Baghaie
- School of Dentistry, University of Queensland, Herston, Australia
| | - Farhadul Islam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Vinod Gopalan
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia
| | - Alfred King-Yin Lam
- Cancer Molecular Pathology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Australia.,Pathology Queensland, Gold Coast University Hospital, Southport, Australia
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12
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Xu Y, Zhang Q, Xu Z, Xie Q, Ding W, Liu H, Deng H. Association of circulating tumor cell-white blood cell clusters with survival outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer after curative intent surgery. BMC Gastroenterol 2022; 22:503. [PMID: 36474175 PMCID: PMC9727915 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-022-02603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The analysis of circulating tumor cell-associated white blood cell (CTC-WBC) clusters represented the progress in the liquid biopsy of malignant tumors, however, related research in patients with colorectal cancer is still absent. METHODS To explore associations between CTC-WBC clusters and the prognosis of these patients, we conducted an independent cohort of 329 colorectal cancer patients after curative intent surgery and pre-operative CTC detection in Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China between January 1, 2017, and September 31, 2019. The primary cohort referred to patients with CTC-WBC clusters positive. The control cohort was defined as those with exclusively CTCs positive. CTCs were enriched and distinguished by The CanPatrol™ system (SurExam, China). The Kaplan-Meier curve was used to compare the progressive-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) between two groups. The COX regression model was used to assess the predictive value of CTC-WBC clusters. RESULTS Sixty three patients presented CTC-WBC clusters positive (CTC-WBC group) and 266 patients showed solely CTCs (CTC group). The number of CTCs was significantly different between two groups (P < 0.001) and the rest of clinical characteristics were not markedly associated with the presence of CTC-WBC clusters. Kaplan-Meier curves of PFS and OS exhibited that the CTC-WBC group had significantly shorter PFS (P = 0.011), while not for OS. The multivariate model further suggested that the CTC-WBC clusters (Hazard Ratio = 1.89, 95% Confidence Interval 1.02-3.51, P = 0.042) was an independent predictor for the PFS of in post-operation CRC patients. CONCLUSION The CTC-WBC cluster is significantly associated with recurrence after operation in CRC patients. This finding facilitates the evaluation of this indicator in tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qianlong Zhang
- grid.16821.3c0000 0004 0368 8293Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children’s Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092 China
| | - Zhou Xu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Qingfeng Xie
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Wenfu Ding
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Hao Liu
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
| | - Haijun Deng
- grid.284723.80000 0000 8877 7471Department of General Surgery, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 North Guangzhou Ave, Guangzhou, 510515 China
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13
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Greenlee JD, Liu K, Lopez-Cavestany M, King MR. Piezo1 Mechano-Activation Is Augmented by Resveratrol and Differs between Colorectal Cancer Cells of Primary and Metastatic Origin. Molecules 2022; 27:5430. [PMID: 36080197 PMCID: PMC9458129 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27175430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells must survive aberrant fluid shear stress (FSS) in the circulation to metastasize. Herein, we investigate the role that FSS has on colorectal cancer cell apoptosis, proliferation, membrane damage, calcium influx, and therapeutic sensitization. We tested this using SW480 (primary tumor) and SW620 cells (lymph node metastasis) derived from the same patient. The cells were exposed to either shear pulses, modeling millisecond intervals of high FSS seen in regions of turbulent flow, or sustained shear to model average magnitudes experienced by circulating tumor cells. SW480 cells were significantly more sensitive to FSS-induced death than their metastatic counterparts. Shear pulses caused significant cell membrane damage, while constant shear decreased cell proliferation and increased the expression of CD133. To investigate the role of mechanosensitive ion channels, we treated cells with the Piezo1 agonist Yoda1, which increased intracellular calcium. Pretreatment with resveratrol further increased the calcium influx via the lipid-raft colocalization of Piezo1. However, minimal changes in apoptosis were observed due to calcium saturation, as predicted via a computational model of apoptosis. Furthermore, SW480 cells had increased levels of Piezo1, calcium influx, and TRAIL-mediated apoptosis compared to SW620 cells, highlighting differences in the mechano-activation of metastatic cells, which may be a necessary element for successful dissemination in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Michael R. King
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, PMB 351631, 2301 Vanderbilt Place, Nashville, TN 37235-1631, USA
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14
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Witayateeraporn W, Nguyen HM, Ho DV, Nguyen HT, Chanvorachote P, Vinayanuwattikun C, Pongrakhananon V. Aspiletrein A Induces Apoptosis Cell Death via Increasing Reactive Oxygen Species Generation and AMPK Activation in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23169258. [PMID: 36012522 PMCID: PMC9409406 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer remains a leading cause of death in cancer patients, and deregulation of apoptosis is a serious concern in clinical practice, even though therapeutic intervention has been greatly improved. Plants are a versatile source of biologically active compounds for anticancer drug discovery, and aspiletrein A (AA) is a steroidal saponin isolated from Aspidistra letreae that has a potent cytotoxic effect on various cancer cell lines. In this study, we investigated and determined the underlying molecular mechanism by which AA induces apoptosis. AA strongly induced apoptosis in NSCLC cells by mediating ROS generation and thereby activating AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling. Consequently, downstream signaling and levels of phosphorylated mTOR and Bcl-2 were significantly decreased. Pretreatment with either an antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine, or an AMPK inhibitor, compound C, could reverse the apoptosis-inducing effect and counteract the effect of AA on the AMPK signaling pathway. Decreased levels of Bcl-2 were due to AA-mediating Bcl-2 degradation via a ROS/AMPK/mTOR axis-dependent proteasomal mechanism. Consistently, the apoptotic-inducing effect of AA was also observed in patient-derived malignant lung cancer cells, and it suppressed an in vitro 3D-tumorigenesis. This study identified the underlying mechanism of AA on lung cancer apoptosis, thereby facilitating potential research and development of this compound for further clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wasita Witayateeraporn
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Hien Minh Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Duc Viet Ho
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City 49000, Vietnam
| | - Hoai Thi Nguyen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Hue City 49000, Vietnam
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Chanida Vinayanuwattikun
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Varisa Pongrakhananon
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Preclinical Toxicity and Efficacy Assessment of Medicines and Chemicals Research Unit, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-2-218-8325; Fax: +66-2-218-8340
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15
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Yuan J, Sun Y, Wang K, Wang Z, Li D, Fan M, Bu X, Chen J, Wu Z, Geng H, Wu J, Xu Y, Chen M, Ren H. Development and validation of reassigned CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE-based models for lung cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction. BMC Cancer 2022; 22:686. [PMID: 35729538 PMCID: PMC9214980 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-09728-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of lung cancer(LC) patients are diagnosed at advanced stage with a poor prognosis. However, there is still no ideal diagnostic and prognostic prediction model for lung cancer. METHODS Data of CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE test of patients with LC and benign lung diseases (BLDs) or healthy people from Physical Examination Center was collected. Samples were divided into three data sets as needed. Reassign three kinds of tumor markers (TMs) according to their distribution characteristics in different populations. Diagnostic and prognostic models were thus established, and independent validation was conducted with other data sets. RESULTS The diagnostic prediction model showed good discrimination ability: the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) differentiated LC from healthy people and BLDs (diagnosed within 2 months), being 0.88 and 0.84 respectively. Meanwhile, the prognostic prediction model did great in prediction: AUC in training data set and test data set were 0.85 and 0.8 respectively. CONCLUSION Reassigned CEA, CYFRA21-1 and NSE can effectively predict the diagnosis and prognosis of LC. Compared with the same TMs that were considered individually, this diagnostic prediction model can identify high-risk population for LC screening more accurately. The prognostic prediction model could be helpful in making more scientific treatment and follow-up plans for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmin Yuan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China.,Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Ke Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Zhiyi Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Fan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Xiang Bu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Shaanxi Health Information Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Zhiquan Wu
- Medical Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Hui Geng
- Physical Examination Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jiamei Wu
- Shaanxi Huizhong Kangyun Medical Information Co., Ltd., Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Xu
- Office of Medical Information Management, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an, China.
| | - Hui Ren
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 Yanta West Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi Province, China. .,Shaanxi Provincial Research Center for the Project of Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Diseases, Xi'an, China. .,Department of Talent Highland, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China.
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16
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Alfranca YL, García MEO, Rueda AG, Ballesteros PÁ, Rodríguez DR, Velasco MT. Blood Biomarkers of Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11113245. [PMID: 35683629 PMCID: PMC9181575 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11113245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have revolutionized the treatment landscape of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), either used in monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy. While some patients achieve durable responses, some will not get benefit from this treatment. Early identification of non- responder patients could avoid unnecessary treatment, potentially serious immune-related adverse events and reduce treatment costs. PD-L1 expression using immunohistochemistry is the only approved biomarker for the selection of patients that can benefit from immunotherapy. However, application of PD-L1 as a biomarker of treatment efficacy shows many deficiencies probably due to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the technical limitations of the samples. Thus, there is an urgent need to find other biomarkers, ideally blood biomarkers to help us to identify different subgroups of patients in a minimal invasive way. In this review, we summarize the emerging blood-based markers that could help to predict the response to ICIs in NSCLC.
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17
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Carvalho Â, Guimarães-Teixeira C, Constâncio V, Fernandes M, Macedo-Silva C, Henrique R, Monteiro FJ, Jerónimo C. One sample fits all: a microfluidic-assisted methodology for label-free isolation of CTCs with downstream methylation analysis of cfDNA in lung cancer. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:3296-3308. [PMID: 35583893 DOI: 10.1039/d2bm00044j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer (LC) is a major cause of mortality. Late diagnosis, associated with limitations in tissue biopsies for adequate tumor characterization contribute to limited survival of lung cancer patients. Liquid biopsies have been introduced to improve tumor characetrization through the analysis of biomarkers, including circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Considering their availability in blood, several enrichment strategies have been developed to augment circulating biomarkers for improving diagnostic, prognostic and treament efficacy assessment; often, however, only one biomarker is tested. In this work we developed and implemented a microfluidic chip for label-free enrichment of CTCs with a methodology for subsequent cfDNA analysis from the same cryopreserved sample. CTCs were successfully isolated in 38 of 42 LC patients with the microfluidic chip. CTCs frequency was significantly higher in LC patients with advanced disease. A cut-off of 1 CTC per mL was established for diagnosis (sensitivity = 76.19%, specificity = 100%) and in patients with late stage lung cancer, the presence of ≥5 CTCs per mL was significantly associated with shorter overall survival. MIR129-2me and ADCY4me panel of cfDNA methylation performed well for LC detection, whereas MIR129-2me combined with HOXA11me allowed for patient risk stratification. Analysis of combinations of biomarkers enabled the definition of panels for LC diagnosis and prognosis. Overall, this study demonstrates that multimodal analysis of tumour biomarkers via microfluidic devices may significantly improve LC characterization in cryopreserved samples, constituting a reliable source for continuous disease monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. .,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Guimarães-Teixeira
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Constâncio
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Fernandes
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. .,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Macedo-Silva
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Jorge Monteiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal. .,INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal.,Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
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18
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Kapeleris J, Ebrahimi Warkiani M, Kulasinghe A, Vela I, Kenny L, Ladwa R, O'Byrne K, Punyadeera C. Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumour Cells and Circulating Tumour DNA in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer-An Update. Front Oncol 2022; 12:859152. [PMID: 35372000 PMCID: PMC8965052 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.859152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite efforts to improve earlier diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), most patients present with advanced stage disease, which is often associated with poor survival outcomes with only 15% surviving for 5 years from their diagnosis. Tumour tissue biopsy is the current mainstream for cancer diagnosis and prognosis in many parts of the world. However, due to tumour heterogeneity and accessibility issues, liquid biopsy is emerging as a game changer for both cancer diagnosis and prognosis. Liquid biopsy is the analysis of tumour-derived biomarkers in body fluids, which has remarkable advantages over the use of traditional tumour biopsy. Circulating tumour cells (CTCs) and circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) are two main derivatives of liquid biopsy. CTC enumeration and molecular analysis enable monitoring of cancer progression, recurrence, and treatment response earlier than traditional biopsy through a minimally invasive liquid biopsy approach. CTC-derived ex-vivo cultures are essential to understanding CTC biology and their role in metastasis, provide a means for personalized drug testing, and guide treatment selection. Just like CTCs, ctDNA provides opportunity for screening, monitoring, treatment evaluation, and disease surveillance. We present an updated review highlighting the prognostic and therapeutic significance of CTCs and ctDNA in NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Kapeleris
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | | | - Arutha Kulasinghe
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Ian Vela
- The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Australian Prostate Cancer Research Centre, Queensland, Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Urology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Liz Kenny
- School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Central Integrated Regional Cancer Service, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Rahul Ladwa
- Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Kenneth O'Byrne
- Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Chamindie Punyadeera
- Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, The Centre for Biomedical Technologies, The School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia.,Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Saliva and Liquid Biopsy Translational Laboratory, Griffith Institute for Drug Discovery and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia
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19
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Gauthier A, Philouze P, Lauret A, Alphonse G, Malesys C, Ardail D, Payen L, Céruse P, Wozny AS, Rodriguez-Lafrasse C. Circulating Tumor Cell Detection during Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy to Predict Early Response in Locally Advanced Oropharyngeal Cancers: A Prospective Pilot Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12030445. [PMID: 35330447 PMCID: PMC8950569 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12030445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy are reassessed both radiologically and clinically to adapt their treatment after the first cycle. However, some responders show early tumor progression after adjuvant radiotherapy. This cohort study evaluated circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from a population of locally advanced oropharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with docetaxel, cisplatin, and 5-fluorouracil (DCF) induction chemotherapy or DCF with a modified dose and fractioned administration. The counts and phenotypes of CTCs were assessed at baseline and at day 21 of treatment, after isolation using the RosetteSepTM technique based on negative enrichment. At baseline, 6 out of 21 patients had CTCs (28.6%). On day 21, 5 out of 11 patients had CTCs (41.6%). There was no significant difference in the overall and progression-free survival between patients with or without CTCs at baseline (p = 0.44 and 0.78) or day 21 (p = 0.88 and 0.5). Out of the 11 patients tested at day 21, 4 had a positive variation of CTCs (33%). Patients with a positive variation of CTCs display a lower overall survival. Our findings suggest that the variation in the number of CTCs would be a better guide to the management of treatment, with possible early changes in treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Gauthier
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
| | - Pierre Philouze
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of OtoRhinoLaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Alexandra Lauret
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
| | - Gersende Alphonse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
| | - Céline Malesys
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
| | - Dominique Ardail
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
| | - Léa Payen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
| | - Philippe Céruse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of OtoRhinoLaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69004 Lyon, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Wozny
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
| | - Claire Rodriguez-Lafrasse
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Radiobiology, UMR CNRS5822/IP2I, Lyon-Sud Medical School, Univ Lyon 1, Lyon University, 69921 Oullins, France; (A.G.); (P.P.); (A.L.); (G.A.); (C.M.); (D.A.); (P.C.); (A.-S.W.)
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, 69310 Pierre-Bénite, France;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-4-26-23-59-65
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20
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Adeola HA, Bello IO, Aruleba RT, Francisco NM, Adekiya TA, Adefuye AO, Ikwegbue PC, Musaigwa F. The Practicality of the Use of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Oral Cancer in Resource-Limited Settings. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051139. [PMID: 35267452 PMCID: PMC8909754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
An important driving force for precision and individualized medicine is the provision of tailor-made care for patients on an individual basis, in accordance with best evidence practice. Liquid biopsy(LB) has emerged as a critical tool for the early diagnosis of cancer and for treatment monitoring, but its clinical utility for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires more research and validation. Hence, in this review, we have discussed the current applications of LB and the practicality of its routine use in Africa; the potential advantages of LB over the conventional "gold-standard" of tissue biopsy; and finally, practical considerations were discussed in three parts: pre-analytic, analytic processing, and the statistical quality and postprocessing phases. Although it is imperative to establish clinically validated and standardized working guidelines for various aspects of LB sample collection, processing, and analysis for optimal and reliable use, manpower and technological infrastructures may also be an important factor to consider for the routine clinical application of LB for OSCC. LB is poised as a non-invasive precision tool for personalized oral cancer medicine, particularly for OSCC in Africa, when fully embraced. The promising application of different LB approaches using various downstream analyses such as released circulating tumor cells (CTCs), cell free DNA (cfDNA), microRNA (miRNA), messenger RNA (mRNA), and salivary exosomes were discussed. A better understanding of the diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers of OSCC, using LB applications, would significantly reduce the cost, provide an opportunity for prompt detection and early treatment, and a method to adequately monitor the effectiveness of the therapy for OSCC, which typically presents with ominous prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Ademola Adeola
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Tygerberg Hospital, Cape Town 7505, South Africa
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences and Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Observatory, Cape Town 7925, South Africa
- Correspondence:
| | - Ibrahim O. Bello
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Raphael Taiwo Aruleba
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa;
| | - Ngiambudulu M. Francisco
- Grupo de Investigação Microbiana e Imunológica, Instituto Nacional de Investigação em Saúde (National Institute for Health Research), Luanda 3635, Angola;
| | - Tayo Alex Adekiya
- Wits Advanced Drug Delivery Platform Research Unit, Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, School of Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Parktown, 7 York Road, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa;
| | - Anthonio Oladele Adefuye
- Division of Health Sciences Education, Office of the Dean, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa;
| | - Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.I.); (F.M.)
| | - Fungai Musaigwa
- Division of Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7925, South Africa; (P.C.I.); (F.M.)
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21
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Herath S, Sadeghi Rad H, Radfar P, Ladwa R, Warkiani M, O’Byrne K, Kulasinghe A. The Role of Circulating Biomarkers in Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:801269. [PMID: 35127511 PMCID: PMC8813755 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer morbidity and mortality worldwide and early diagnosis is crucial for the management and treatment of this disease. Non-invasive means of determining tumour information is an appealing diagnostic approach for lung cancers as often accessing and removing tumour tissue can be a limiting factor. In recent years, liquid biopsies have been developed to explore potential circulating tumour biomarkers which are considered reliable surrogates for understanding tumour biology in a non-invasive manner. Most common components assessed in liquid biopsy include circulating tumour cells (CTCs), cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA), microRNA and exosomes. This review explores the clinical use of circulating tumour biomarkers found in liquid biopsy for screening, early diagnosis and prognostication of lung cancer patients.
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22
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Zhang L, Zhu Y, Wei X, Chen X, Li Y, Zhu Y, Xia J, Huang Y, Huang Y, Wang J, Pang Z. Nanoplateletsomes restrain metastatic tumor formation through decoy and active targeting in a preclinical mouse model. Acta Pharm Sin B 2022; 12:3427-3447. [PMID: 35967283 PMCID: PMC9366539 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelets buoy up cancer metastasis via arresting cancer cells, enhancing their adhesion, and facilitating their extravasation through the vasculature. When deprived of intracellular and granular contents, platelet decoys could prevent metastatic tumor formation. Inspired by these, we developed nanoplatesomes by fusing platelet membranes with lipid membranes (P-Lipo) to restrain metastatic tumor formation more efficiently. It was shown nanoplateletsomes bound with circulating tumor cells (CTC) efficiently, interfered with CTC arrest by vessel endothelial cells, CTC extravasation through endothelial layers, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition of tumor cells as nanodecoys. More importantly, in the mouse breast tumor metastasis model, nanoplateletsomes could decrease CTC survival in the blood and counteract metastatic tumor growth efficiently by inhibiting the inflammation and suppressing CTC escape. Therefore, nanoplatelesomes might usher in a new avenue to suppress lung metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longlong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yuefei Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xunbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Med-X Research Institute and School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Xing Chen
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying Zhu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaxuan Xia
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yiheng Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yongzhuo Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jianxin Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
- Institute of Materia Medica, Academy of Chinese and Western Integrative Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors.
| | - Zhiqing Pang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201203, China
- Corresponding authors.
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23
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Fadul J, Zulueta-Coarasa T, Slattum GM, Redd NM, Jin MF, Redd MJ, Daetwyler S, Hedeen D, Huisken J, Rosenblatt J. KRas-transformed epithelia cells invade and partially dedifferentiate by basal cell extrusion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:7180. [PMID: 34893591 PMCID: PMC8664939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27513-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastasis is the main cause of carcinoma-related death, yet we know little about how it initiates due to our inability to visualize stochastic invasion events. Classical models suggest that cells accumulate mutations that first drive formation of a primary mass, and then downregulate epithelia-specific genes to cause invasion and metastasis. Here, using transparent zebrafish epidermis to model simple epithelia, we can directly image invasion. We find that KRas-transformation, implicated in early carcinogenesis steps, directly drives cell invasion by hijacking a process epithelia normally use to promote death-cell extrusion. Cells invading by basal cell extrusion simultaneously pinch off their apical epithelial determinants, endowing new plasticity. Following invasion, cells divide, enter the bloodstream, and differentiate into stromal, neuronal-like, and other cell types. Yet, only invading KRasV12 cells deficient in p53 survive and form internal masses. Together, we demonstrate that KRas-transformation alone causes cell invasion and partial dedifferentiation, independently of mass formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Fadul
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Teresa Zulueta-Coarasa
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Gloria M Slattum
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Stephan Daetwyler
- Department of Cell Biology, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Danielle Hedeen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jan Huisken
- Morgridge Institute for Research, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jody Rosenblatt
- The Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic & Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences & Medicine, School of Cancer and Pharmaceutical Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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24
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Gold M, Pachmann K, Kiani A, Schobert R. Monitoring of circulating epithelial tumor cells using the Maintrac ® method and its potential benefit for the treatment of patients with colorectal cancer. Mol Clin Oncol 2021; 15:201. [PMID: 34462657 PMCID: PMC8375047 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2021.2363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells are an important link between primary tumors and metastases. A longitudinal monitoring of their numbers and properties can provide valuable information on therapy response and disease progression for patients with colorectal cancer. As several techniques for the detection of circulating tumor cells are notorious for yielding low detection rates in patients with non-metastatic colorectal cancer, the present study aimed to perform a proof-of-principle study using the Maintrac® approach for an assessment of circulating epithelial tumor cells (CETCs) in patients with colorectal cancer receiving neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant radio/chemotherapy (R/CT). CETCs in the peripheral blood of 22 patients with colorectal cancer were quantified by fluorescence image analysis (Maintrac®) before and after the first cycle of a neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant R/CT, as well as before and after surgical resection of the primary tumor. To determine that blood-borne CETCs originate from tumor tissues, spheres were cultured from CETCs as well as from primary tumor tissue and compared with the expression of tumor-specific antigens. Within the scope of this study, it was demonstrated that the Maintrac® method allows for the precise detection and characterization of CETCs in the blood of patients with colorectal cancer independent of tumor stage. Furthermore, correlations between CETC parameters and patients' response to neoadjuvant and/or adjuvant R/CT that have been described in previous literature could be reproduced. Whether the observed trends are of a general nature and suitable as an auxiliary criterion for prognosis and treatment decisions remains to be shown. Patients with rectal cancer may benefit from CETC monitoring as a method to select suitable patients for adjuvant therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Gold
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Katharina Pachmann
- Transfusion Centre Bayreuth, SIMFO GmbH Bayreuth, D-95448 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Alexander Kiani
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Klinikum Bayreuth GmbH, D-95445 Bayreuth, Germany.,Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), D-91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Schobert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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25
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Kadara H, Tran LM, Liu B, Vachani A, Li S, Sinjab A, Zhou XJ, Dubinett SM, Krysan K. Early Diagnosis and Screening for Lung Cancer. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Med 2021; 11:a037994. [PMID: 34001525 PMCID: PMC8415293 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a037994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cancer interception refers to actively blocking the cancer development process by preventing progression of premalignancy to invasive disease. The rate-limiting steps for effective lung cancer interception are the incomplete understanding of the earliest molecular events associated with lung carcinogenesis, the lack of preclinical models of pulmonary premalignancy, and the challenge of developing highly sensitive and specific methods for early detection. Recent advances in cancer interception are facilitated by developments in next-generation sequencing, computational methodologies, as well as the renewed emphasis in precision medicine and immuno-oncology. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge in the areas of molecular abnormalities in lung cancer continuum, preclinical human models of lung cancer pathogenesis, and the advances in early lung cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Humam Kadara
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Linh M Tran
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Anil Vachani
- Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania and Philadelphia VA Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shuo Li
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ansam Sinjab
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xianghong J Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Steven M Dubinett
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California 90024, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
| | - Kostyantyn Krysan
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
- VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, California 90073, USA
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26
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Tjong MC, Louie AV, Iyengar P, Solomon BJ, Palma DA, Siva S. Local ablative therapies in oligometastatic NSCLC-upfront or outback?-a narrative review. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:3446-3456. [PMID: 34430379 PMCID: PMC8350079 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Patients with oligometastatic (OM) non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) have favorable outcomes compared to patients presenting with diffuse metastatic disease. Recent randomized trials have demonstrated safety and efficacy signals for local ablative therapies with radiotherapy, surgery, or radiofrequency ablation for OM-NSCLC patients alongside systemic therapies. However, it remains unclear whether local ablative therapy (LAT) should be offered either upfront preceding systemic therapies or following initial systemic therapies as local consolidative therapy (LCT). Establishing optimal timing of RT and systemic therapy combinations is essential to maximize efficacy while maintaining safety. Most published randomized trial evidence surrounding the benefits of LAT and systemic therapies were generated from OM-NSCLC patients receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy agents. With increasing use of novel agents such as targeted therapies (i.e., tyrosine kinase inhibitors) and immune checkpoint inhibitors in management of metastatic NSCLC patients, LAT timing may need to be modulated based on the use of specific agents. This narrative review will discuss the current evidence on either upfront LAT or LCT for OM-NSCLC based on published trials and cohort studies. We briefly explored the possible biological mechanisms of the potential clinical advantages of either approach. This review also summarized the ongoing trials incorporating both upfront LAT and LCT, and considerations for future LAT strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Tjong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Alexander V Louie
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Puneeth Iyengar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Benjamin J Solomon
- Division of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Palma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Shankar Siva
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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27
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Zhang H, Lin X, Huang Y, Wang M, Cen C, Tang S, Dique MR, Cai L, Luis MA, Smollar J, Wan Y, Cai F. Detection Methods and Clinical Applications of Circulating Tumor Cells in Breast Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:652253. [PMID: 34150621 PMCID: PMC8208079 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.652253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) are cancer cells that split away from the primary tumor and appear in the circulatory system as singular units or clusters, which was first reported by Dr. Thomas Ashworth in 1869. CTCs migrate and implantation occurs at a new site, in a process commonly known as tumor metastasis. In the case of breast cancer, the tumor cells often migrate into locations such as the lungs, brain, and bones, even during the early stages, and this is a notable characteristic of breast cancer. Survival rates have increased significantly over the past few decades because of progress made in radiology and tissue biopsy, making early detection and diagnosis of breast cancer possible. However, liquid biopsy, particularly that involving the collection of CTCs, is a non-invasive method to detect tumor cells in the circulatory system, which can be easily isolated from human plasma, serum, and other body fluids. Compared to traditional tissue biopsies, fluid sample collection has the advantages of being readily available and more acceptable to the patient. It can also detect tumor cells in blood earlier and in smaller numbers, possibly allowing for diagnosis prior to any tumor detection using imaging methods. Because of the scarcity of CTCs circulating in blood vessels (only a few CTCs among billions of erythrocytes and leukocytes), thorough but accurate detection methods are particularly important for further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyi Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoyan Lin
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Huang
- Cellomics International Limited, Hong Kong, China
| | - Minghong Wang
- Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunmei Cen
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Tang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Marcia R Dique
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lu Cai
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Manuel A Luis
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jillian Smollar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yuan Wan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Fengfeng Cai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Yangpu Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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28
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Kirkpatrick JD, Warren AD, Soleimany AP, Westcott PMK, Voog JC, Martin-Alonso C, Fleming HE, Tammela T, Jacks T, Bhatia SN. Urinary detection of lung cancer in mice via noninvasive pulmonary protease profiling. Sci Transl Med 2021; 12:12/537/eaaw0262. [PMID: 32238573 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaw0262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death, and patients most commonly present with incurable advanced-stage disease. U.S. national guidelines recommend screening for high-risk patients with low-dose computed tomography, but this approach has limitations including high false-positive rates. Activity-based nanosensors can detect dysregulated proteases in vivo and release a reporter to provide a urinary readout of disease activity. Here, we demonstrate the translational potential of activity-based nanosensors for lung cancer by coupling nanosensor multiplexing with intrapulmonary delivery and machine learning to detect localized disease in two immunocompetent genetically engineered mouse models. The design of our multiplexed panel of sensors was informed by comparative transcriptomic analysis of human and mouse lung adenocarcinoma datasets and in vitro cleavage assays with recombinant candidate proteases. Intrapulmonary administration of the nanosensors to a Kras- and Trp53-mutant lung adenocarcinoma mouse model confirmed the role of metalloproteases in lung cancer and enabled accurate detection of localized disease, with 100% specificity and 81% sensitivity. Furthermore, this approach generalized to an alternative autochthonous model of lung adenocarcinoma, where it detected cancer with 100% specificity and 95% sensitivity and was not confounded by lipopolysaccharide-driven lung inflammation. These results encourage the clinical development of activity-based nanosensors for the detection of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse D Kirkpatrick
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew D Warren
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Ava P Soleimany
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter M K Westcott
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Justin C Voog
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Carmen Martin-Alonso
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Heather E Fleming
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Tuomas Tammela
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Tyler Jacks
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Wyss Institute at Harvard, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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29
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Xie X, Wang L, Wang X, Fan WH, Qin Y, Lin X, Xie Z, Liu M, Ouyang M, Li S, Zhou C. Evaluation of Cell Surface Vimentin Positive Circulating Tumor Cells as a Diagnostic Biomarker for Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:672687. [PMID: 34055642 PMCID: PMC8162210 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.672687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) represent a collection of heterogeneous cells. Studies have shown epithelial CTCs and folate receptor (FR) positive CTCs could be used as diagnostic biomarkers for lung cancer (LC). This study aimed to determine whether cell surface vimentin (CSV) positive CTCs could be used as a biomarker for LC as well. Methods 78 treatment-naïve non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, 21 patients with benign lung diseases (BLD) and 9 healthy donors (HD) were enrolled in this study. CTC detection was performed using CytoSorter® mesenchymal CTC kit (CSV). The correlation between CSV positive CTCs (CSV-CTCs) and LC patients' clinicopathological characteristics would be evaluated, and diagnostic performances of CSV-CTCs and serum tumor markers for LC would be compared. Results CTC detection rates (average CTC count: range) in LC patients, patients with BLD and HD were 83.33% (2.47: 0-8), 47.62% (0.5: 0-3) and 0% (0: 0), respectively. CSV-CTCs could be used to differentiate LC patients from the patients with BLD and HD (P < 0.0001). CSV-CTCs were correlated with cancer stage, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis (P = 0.0062, 0.0014 and 0.0021, respectively). With a CTC cut-off value of 2, CSV-CTCs would have a sensitivity and specificity of 0.67 and 0.87, respectively, for diagnosing LC. CSV-CTC positive rates showed statistical differences among HD, BLD patients and LC patients at different cancer stages (P < 0.0001). Furthermore, CSV-CTC positive rates were positively correlated with tumor size, lymph node involvement and distant metastasis (P = 0.0163, 0.0196 and 0.03, respectively). CSV-CTCs had a better diagnostic performance than serum tumor makers, such as carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), neuron-specific enolase (NSE), cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and CA153. Conclusion When CTC cut-off is set to 2 CTCs per 7.5 mL of blood, CSV-CTCs can be considered as an acceptable biomarker for diagnosing LC with a sensitivity and specificity of 0.67 and 0.87, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohong Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinni Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wan-Hung Fan
- Department of Clinical Medical Affairs, Hangzhou Watson Biotech, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinyin Qin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinqing Lin
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhanhong Xie
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Ouyang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengzhi Zhou
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Augustyn A, Adams DL, He J, Qiao Y, Verma V, Liao Z, Tang CM, Heymach JV, Tsao AS, Lin SH. Giant Circulating Cancer-Associated Macrophage-Like Cells Are Associated With Disease Recurrence and Survival in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Treated With Chemoradiation and Atezolizumab. Clin Lung Cancer 2021; 22:e451-e465. [PMID: 32798130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cllc.2020.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer-associated macrophage-like cells (CAMLs) are a potential peripheral blood biomarker for disease progression. This study used data from a phase 2 clinical trial to evaluate prognostic utility of CAMLs for locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT) and atezolizumab (DETERRED; ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02525757). PATIENTS AND METHODS Sample collection occurred at baseline (T0), during CRT (T1), at end of CRT (T2), and at first follow-up (T3). CAMLs were captured and quantified by the CellSieve system using multiplex immunostaining. Giant CAMLs were defined as characteristic CAMLs ≥ 50 μm. Kaplan-Meier methodology estimated progression-free survival, distant failure-free survival, relapse-free survival, and overall survival at 30 months. RESULTS Thirty-nine patients were evaluated between December 2015 and March 2018. Median follow-up was 27 months. Most disease was stage III (85%) and comprised squamous-cell carcinoma (38%) or adenocarcinoma (59%). In total, 267 blood samples were analyzed. Giant CAMLs were identified in 57%, 60%, 64%, and 63% of patients at T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively. Patients with giant CAMLs at T3, occurring at a median of 30 days after completion of CRT, had significantly worse distant failure-free survival (hazard ratio [HR] 4.9, P = .015), progression-free survival (HR 2.5, P = .025), recurrence-free survival (HR 2.4, P = .036), and overall survival (HR 3.5, P = .034) compared to patients with small or no CAMLs. CONCLUSIONS Presence of giant CAMLs after CRT completion was associated with development of metastatic disease and poorer survival despite the use of maintenance immunotherapy. Monitoring CAMLs may help risk-stratify patients for adaptive treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Augustyn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Jianzhong He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Yawei Qiao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Vivek Verma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Allegheny General Hospital, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Zhongxing Liao
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - John V Heymach
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Anne S Tsao
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
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Clinical Relevance of Mesenchymal- and Stem-Associated Phenotypes in Circulating Tumor Cells Isolated from Lung Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092158. [PMID: 33947159 PMCID: PMC8124761 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer is the most frequent malignancy in the world. Most lung cancer patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. To make matters worse, the survival of patients is very poor. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), albeit rare, have been portrayed as essential players in the progression of lung cancer. It is definitely not easy being a CTC. First, they escape from the primary tumor, then they travel in the bloodstream, have to survive really harsh conditions, and finally, they form metastases. The adoption of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition as well as cancer stem cell features has been suggested to allow CTCs to survive and metastasize. This review will focus on how these features can be used to estimate the prognosis of lung cancer patients. Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality globally. Among the types of lung cancer, non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is more common, while small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is less frequent yet more aggressive. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs), albeit rare, have been portrayed as essential players in the progression of lung cancer. CTCs are considered to adopt an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype and characteristics of cancer stem cells (CSCs). This EMT (or partial) phenotype affords these cells the ability to escape from the primary tumor, travel into the bloodstream, and survive extremely adverse conditions, before colonizing distant foci. Acquisition of CSC features, such as self-renewal, differentiation, and migratory potential, further reflect CTCs’ invasive potential. CSCs have been identified in lung cancer, and expression of EMT markers has previously been correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Thus far, a vast majority of studies have concentrated on CTC detection and enumeration as a prognostic tools of patients’ survival or for monitoring treatment efficacy. In this review, we highlight EMT and CSC markers in CTCs and focus on the clinical significance of these phenotypes in the progression of both non-small- and small-cell lung cancer.
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Carvalho Â, Ferreira G, Seixas D, Guimarães-Teixeira C, Henrique R, Monteiro FJ, Jerónimo C. Emerging Lab-on-a-Chip Approaches for Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Status in CTCs and ctDNA Research and Clinical Validation. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13092101. [PMID: 33925308 PMCID: PMC8123575 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lung cancer (LCa) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide, with late diagnosis and limited therapeutic approaches still constraining patient’s outcome. In recent years, liquid biopsies have significantly improved the disease characterization and brought new insights into LCa diagnosis and management. The integration of microfluidic devices in liquid biopsies have shown promising results regarding circulating biomarkers isolation and analysis and these tools are expected to establish automatized and standardized results for liquid biopsies in the near future. Herein, we review the status of lab-on-a-chip approaches for liquid biopsies in LCa and highlight their current applications for circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) research and clinical validation studies. Abstract Despite the intensive efforts dedicated to cancer diagnosis and treatment, lung cancer (LCa) remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality, worldwide. The poor survival rate among lung cancer patients commonly results from diagnosis at late-stage, limitations in characterizing tumor heterogeneity and the lack of non-invasive tools for detection of residual disease and early recurrence. Henceforth, research on liquid biopsies has been increasingly devoted to overcoming these major limitations and improving management of LCa patients. Liquid biopsy is an emerging field that has evolved significantly in recent years due its minimally invasive nature and potential to assess various disease biomarkers. Several strategies for characterization of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) have been developed. With the aim of standardizing diagnostic and follow-up practices, microfluidic devices have been introduced to improve biomarkers isolation efficiency and specificity. Nonetheless, implementation of lab-on-a-chip platforms in clinical practice may face some challenges, considering its recent application to liquid biopsies. In this review, recent advances and strategies for the use of liquid biopsies in LCa management are discussed, focusing on high-throughput microfluidic devices applied for CTCs and ctDNA isolation and detection, current clinical validation studies and potential clinical utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângela Carvalho
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-226-074-900
| | - Gabriela Ferreira
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
| | - Duarte Seixas
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Guimarães-Teixeira
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui Henrique
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology, Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando J. Monteiro
- i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (G.F.); (D.S.); (F.J.M.)
- INEB-Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica, Universidade do Porto, Rua Alfredo Allen 208, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Faculdade de Engenharia, Departamento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e Materiais, Universidade do Porto, Rua Dr Roberto Frias, s/n, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carmen Jerónimo
- Porto Comprehensive Cancer Center (P.CCC), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal; (C.G.-T.); (R.H.); (C.J.)
- Cancer Biology and Epigenetics Group, IPO Porto Research Center (GEBC CI-IPOP), Portuguese Oncology Institute of Porto (IPO Porto), R. Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-513 Porto, Portugal
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Kan CFK, Unis GD, Li LZ, Gunn S, Li L, Soyer HP, Stark MS. Circulating Biomarkers for Early Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma Detection: Supplementation to Low-Dose Computed Tomography. Front Oncol 2021; 11:555331. [PMID: 33968710 PMCID: PMC8099172 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.555331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is currently the leading cause of cancer death in both developing and developed countries. Given that lung cancer has poor prognosis in later stages, it is essential to achieve an early diagnosis to maximize patients’ overall survival. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common form of primary lung cancer in both smokers and non-smokers. The current standard screening method, low‐dose computed tomography (LDCT), is the only radiological method that demonstrates to have mortality benefits across multiple large randomized clinical trials (RCT). However, these RCTs also found LDCT to have a significant false positive rate that results in unnecessary invasive biopsies being performed. Due to the lack of both sensitive and specific screening methods for the early detection of lung cancer, there is an urgent need for alternative minimally or non-invasive biomarkers that may provide diagnostic, and/or prognostic information. This has led to the identification of circulating biomarkers that can be readily detectable in blood and have been extensively studied as prognosis markers. Circulating microRNA (miRNA) in particular has been investigated for these purposes as an augmentation to LDCT, or as direct diagnosis of lung cancer. There is, however, a lack of consensus across the studies on which miRNAs are the most clinically useful. Besides miRNA, other potential circulating biomarkers include circulating tumor cells (CTCs), circulating tumor DNA (ctDNAs) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). In this review, we provide the current outlook of several of these biomarkers for the early diagnosis of NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin Fung Kelvin Kan
- The University of Queensland, Ochsner Clinical School, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of General Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Graham D Unis
- The University of Queensland, Ochsner Clinical School, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Luke Z Li
- The University of Queensland, Ochsner Clinical School, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Medicine, Stamford Hospital, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Stamford, CT, United States
| | - Susan Gunn
- The University of Queensland, Ochsner Clinical School, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - Li Li
- The University of Queensland, Ochsner Clinical School, Laboratory of Translational Cancer Research, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, United States
| | - H Peter Soyer
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Department of Dermatology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mitchell S Stark
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, The University of Queensland, Dermatology Research Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Freitas C, Sousa C, Machado F, Serino M, Santos V, Cruz-Martins N, Teixeira A, Cunha A, Pereira T, Oliveira HP, Costa JL, Hespanhol V. The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:634316. [PMID: 33937034 PMCID: PMC8085425 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.634316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Liquid biopsy is an emerging technology with a potential role in the screening and early detection of lung cancer. Several liquid biopsy-derived biomarkers have been identified and are currently under ongoing investigation. In this article, we review the available data on the use of circulating biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer, focusing on the circulating tumor cells, circulating cell-free DNA, circulating micro-RNAs, tumor-derived exosomes, and tumor-educated platelets, providing an overview of future potential applicability in the clinical practice. While several biomarkers have shown exciting results, diagnostic performance and clinical applicability is still limited. The combination of different biomarkers, as well as their combination with other diagnostic tools show great promise, although further research is still required to define and validate the role of liquid biopsies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudia Freitas
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Catarina Sousa
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Francisco Machado
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Serino
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Vanessa Santos
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Natália Cruz-Martins
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Armando Teixeira
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António Cunha
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Engineering, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Tania Pereira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
| | - Hélder P. Oliveira
- Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology and Science (INESC TEC), Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - José Luís Costa
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
| | - Venceslau Hespanhol
- Department of Pulmonology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário São João, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), Porto, Portugal
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Augustus E, Zwaenepoel K, Siozopoulou V, Raskin J, Jordaens S, Baggerman G, Sorber L, Roeyen G, Peeters M, Pauwels P. Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients on Immunotherapy-The Role of Liquid Biopsy in Unraveling the Puzzle. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1675. [PMID: 33918147 PMCID: PMC8036384 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, immunotherapy has been one of the most important advances in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment landscape. Nevertheless, only a subset of NSCLC patients benefits from it. Currently, the only Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved diagnostic test for first-line immunotherapy in metastatic NSCLC patients uses tissue biopsies to determine the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) status. However, obtaining tumor tissue is not always feasible and puts the patient at risk. Liquid biopsy, which refers to the tumor-derived material present in body fluids, offers an alternative approach. This less invasive technique gives real-time information on the tumor characteristics. This review addresses different promising liquid biopsy based biomarkers in NSCLC patients that enable the selection of patients who benefit from immunotherapy and the monitoring of patients during this therapy. The challenges and the opportunities of blood-based biomarkers such as cell-free DNA (cfDNA), circulating tumor cells (CTCs), exosomes, epigenetic signatures, microRNAs (miRNAs) and the T cell repertoire will be addressed. This review also focuses on the less-studied feces-based and breath-based biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elien Augustus
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jo Raskin
- Department of Pulmonology and Thoracic Oncology, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Stephanie Jordaens
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Baggerman
- Centre for Proteomics, University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2020 Antwerpen, Belgium;
- Health Unit, Vlaamse Instelling voor Technologisch Onderzoek (VITO), 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Laure Sorber
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Geert Roeyen
- Department of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary, Endocrine and Transplantation Surgery, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium;
| | - Marc Peeters
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Department of Oncology, Multidisciplinary Oncological Center Antwerp, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research Antwerp (CORE), Integrated Personalized & Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), University of Antwerp (UAntwerp), 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium; (K.Z.); (V.S.); (S.J.); (L.S.); (M.P.); (P.P.)
- Laboratory of Pathological Anatomy, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA), 2650 Edegem, Belgium
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Song BG, Kwon W, Kim H, Lee EM, Han YM, Kim H, Byun Y, Lee KB, Lee KH, Lee KT, Lee JK, Jang JY, Park JK. Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Resectable Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: A Prospective Evaluation as a Prognostic Marker. Front Oncol 2021; 10:616440. [PMID: 33680936 PMCID: PMC7930477 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.616440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are useful biomarkers of many solid tumors, but are infrequently detected in early stage pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs). The first drainage of pancreatic venous blood flow come to portal vein and pass through the liver, and they finally go out for peripheral blood. We thought that comparing CTCs from portal vein and peripheral blood could enable us to understand the clinical meaning of CTCs from each different site in PDACs. Therefore, we aimed to determine 1) whether CTCs could be reliably identified in early stages (operable) of PDACs, 2) if there are any differences in the detected number of CTC in portal vein blood and peripheral blood, and 3) whether CTCs can be sensitive biomarkers for the prognosis of resectable PDAC patients. Newly diagnosed PDAC patients who underwent operation with curative intention between 2013 and 2015 were prospectively enrolled. Blood draws from portal and peripheral vein ran through the microfabricated porous filter, and anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) and anti-Plectin-1 antibodies were used for CTC identification. Baseline clinical characteristics, tumor characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcomes were assessed. The clinical stages of the 32 enrolled patients were as follows: IA/IB 1 (3.1%); IIA 9 (28.1%); IIB 17 (53.1%); III 5 (15.6%). Twenty-seven patients (84.4%) received R0 resection, while five patients (15.6%) received R1 resection. EpCAM+ CTCs were detected in 20 portal blood (62.5%) and 22 peripheral blood (68.8%). Plectin-1+ CTCs were identified in 14 portal blood (43.8%) and 16 peripheral blood (50%). Plectin-1-expressing CTCs were picked from CTC platform (microfabricated porous filter) and we could find out all KRAS mutation. Patients with detectable EpCAM+ CTC less than one in peripheral blood showed longer overall survival (OS) compared to patients with detectable CTCs more than one (35.5 months vs. 16.0 months). EpCAM and Plectin-1 successfully identified CTCs at the early stage of PDACs. Also, the number of CTCs could be a prognostic marker for survival in resectable PDACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong Geun Song
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wooil Kwon
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Kim
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Medical Research Institute, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eun Mi Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Min Han
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hongbeom Kim
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoonhyeong Byun
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyung Bun Lee
- Departments of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kwang Hyuck Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu Taek Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Kyun Lee
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Jang
- Departments of Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Joo Kyung Park
- Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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De Rosa V, Fonti R, Del Vecchio S, Iommelli F. Non-invasive detection of epithelial mesenchymal transition phenotype and metastatic dissemination of lung cancer by liquid biopsy. EXPLORATION OF TARGETED ANTI-TUMOR THERAPY 2021; 2:36-47. [PMID: 36046089 PMCID: PMC9400761 DOI: 10.37349/etat.2021.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of phenotype switch from an epithelial to a mesenchymal cell state during the activation of the epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) program in cancer cells has been closely associated with the generation of invasive tumor cells that contribute to metastatic dissemination and treatment failure. Liquid biopsy represents an emergent non-invasive tool that may improve our understanding of the molecular events leading to cancer progression and initiating the metastatic cascade through the dynamic analysis of tumor-derived components isolated from body fluids. The present review will primarily focus on the applications of liquid biopsy in lung cancer patients for identifying EMT signature, elucidating molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of an invasive phenotype and detecting new targets for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Fonti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy
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Ning J, Ge T, Jiang M, Jia K, Wang L, Li W, Chen B, Liu Y, Wang H, Zhao S, He Y. Early diagnosis of lung cancer: which is the optimal choice? Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:6214-6227. [PMID: 33591942 PMCID: PMC7950268 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The prognosis of lung cancer patients with different clinical stages is significantly different. The 5-year survival of stage IA groups can exceed 90%, while patients with stage IV can be less than 10%. Therefore, early diagnosis is extremely important for lung cancer patients. This research focused on various diagnosis methods of early lung cancer, including imaging screening, bronchoscopy, and emerging potential liquid biopsies, as well as volatile organic compounds, autoantibodies, aiming to improve the early diagnosis rate and explore feasible and effective early diagnosis strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Ning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Ge
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Minlin Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Keyi Jia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China.,Tongji University, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Sha Zhao
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
| | - Yayi He
- Department of Medical Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University Medical School Cancer Institute, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200433, People's Republic of China
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Liu J, Liu Y, Gu C, Zhang L, Lu X. Longitudinal Change of Circulating Tumor Cells During Chemoradiation and Its Correlation with Prognosis in Advanced Nonsmall-Cell Lung Cancer Patients. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2021. [PMID: 33481670 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2020.4096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the association of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) change during chemoradiation with the treatment response and survival profiles in advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Materials and Methods: Fifty-eight advanced NSCLC patients who underwent concurrent chemoradiation were enrolled, then their peripheral blood samples were collected before chemoradiation, and at 1 month postchemoradiation assessed the CTCs using a CTC-Biopsy system. Moreover, CTCs were classified as CTCs positive and CTCs negative according to CTCs' count, and change of CTCs was calculated. In addition, response of chemoradiation was evaluated at 1 month postchemoradiation, then progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed. Results: Prechemoradiation CTCs positive were associated with increased TNM stage, but not other clinicopathologic characteristics. After chemoradiation, the CTCs' number [1.0 (0.0-3.0) vs. 4.0 (2.0-10.0)] and the percentage of CTC-positive cases (37.9% vs. 77.6%) were both decreased compared to those before chemoradiation. Regarding treatment response, prechemoradiation CTCs positive were associated with lower partial response; postchemoradiation CTCs positive were associated with reduced disease control rate, while CTCs' change during chemoradiation was not associated with treatment response. Kaplan-Meier curves showed that postchemoradiation CTCs positive and increased CTCs' number during chemoradiation were associated with reduced PFS, then multivariate Cox's regression analysis disclosed that they independently predicted decreased PFS. However, no correlation of CTCs' status or CTCs' change with OS was observed. Conclusions: Prechemoradiation CTCs relate to increased TNM stage and worse prognosis in chemoradiation-treated advanced NSCLC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Yongping Liu
- Clinical Oncology Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Changzhou Tumour Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xujing Lu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Changzhou Tumor Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou, China
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Cheng H, Wang S, Luan W, Ye X, Dou S, Tang Z, Zhu H, Lin PP, Li Y, Cui H, Chang X. Combined detection and subclass characteristics analysis of CTCs and CTECs by SE-iFISH in ovarian cancer. Chin J Cancer Res 2021; 33:256-270. [PMID: 34158744 PMCID: PMC8181871 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2021.02.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Hematogenous metastasis is essential for the progression of ovarian cancer (OC), and circulating tumor cells (CTCs) are part of the metastatic cascade. However, the detection rate of CTC is low due to the use of less sensitive detection methods. Therefore, this study aimed to detect CTCs and circulating tumorigenic endothelial cells (CTECs) in patients with OC using subtraction enrichment and immunostaining and fluorescence in situ hybridization (SE-iFISH).
Methods We enrolled a total of 56 subjects, including 20 OC patients and 36 ovarian benign tumor patients. CTCs and CTECs were captured by subtraction enrichment (SE) and counted and classified according to immunofluorescence staining of tumor markers (TMs) carbohydrate antigen 125 (CA125) and human epididymis protein 4 (HE4) combined with fluorescence in situ hybridization (iFISH) of chromosome 8 (Chr8) aneuploidy. The diagnostic value and subtype characteristics of CTCs and CTECs were investigated.
Results The detection rate of CTCs by SE-iFISH was high. Compared with CA125 and HE4, Chr8 aneuploidy was the major identification feature of CTC. CTC counts in OC were statistically higher than those in benign groups. CTC and CTEC with ≥pentaploidy were detected in both groups, illustrating the poor diagnostic value of CTC or CTEC. Distributions of triploid and tetraploid CTC subtypes were significantly different, and combined detection of triploid and tetraploid CTCs showed the best diagnostic value. In contrast, the distribution of CTECs in the OC and benign groups had no statistically significant difference. Small CTCs accounted for over 1/3 of the total CTC count. We also found that small CTCs and CTECs primarily comprised triploid cells, while large CTCs and CTECs mainly comprised pentaploidy and beyond. Conclusions The application of SE-iFISH offered a more comprehensive understanding of heterogeneous CTCs and CTECs in OC. Analysis of subclass characteristics of the CTCs and CTECs according to Chr8 aneuploidy and cell size may broaden their potential clinical utility and deepen mechanistic studies in OC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyan Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Shang Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Wenqing Luan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xue Ye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Sha Dou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | | | | | | | - Yi Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
| | - Heng Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Xiaohong Chang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology.,Center of Gynecologic Oncology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
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Richard V, Kumar TRS, Pillai RM. Transitional dynamics of cancer stem cells in invasion and metastasis. Transl Oncol 2021; 14:100909. [PMID: 33049522 PMCID: PMC7557893 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
At the onset, few cancer cells amidst the tumor bulk, identified as cancer stem cells (CSCs) or early disseminated cancer cells (eDCCs) are capable of survival post conventional therapy and persist as minimal residual disease (MRD). Metastatic subclones emerge both early and late in the life of primary tumor ensuing an ongoing regional clonal evolution of progenitor cells in metastatic and primary tumors. In the last decade, multiple studies proposed various identities of stem-like cells that undergo transitions to adapt to the changing microenvironment as the disease progresses. This review advocates with substantial evidence the dynamic model of tumor propagation by exploring the specific cell types, reversible phenotypic plasticity between the tumorigenic leader seeds and the supporting follower cancer cells both in circulation and in solid tissue to accurately decipher tumor promoting clones and its role in metastatic dissemination and tumor re-growth. (142 words).
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinitha Richard
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala State, India
| | - T R Santhosh Kumar
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala State, India
| | - Radhakrishna M Pillai
- Cancer Research Program, Rajiv Gandhi Centre for Biotechnology, Thiruvananthapuram 695014, Kerala State, India.
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Harris EJ, Huang J, Carroll E, Lowe AC, Chau NG, Rabinowits G, Haddad R, Hanna GJ, Haddad T, Sanborn M, Kacew A, Lorch J. Circulating tumor cell analysis in locally advanced and metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol 2020; 5:1063-1069. [PMID: 33364395 PMCID: PMC7752061 DOI: 10.1002/lio2.448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Circulating tumors cells (CTCs) are considered an early step towards metastasis and have been linked to poor prognosis in several types of cancer. CTCs in squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) have an unclear role. METHODS In this prospective study, patients with locally advanced or metastatic SCCHN had CTC counts assessed before starting systemic treatment using the CellSearch System. Select cases also had sequential CTC evaluation. Presence of CTCs was correlated with patient characteristics and outcomes. RESULTS Forty-eight patients enrolled, and 36 had evaluable clinical data and baseline CTC counts. Twenty-five patients had locally advanced disease (LAD) and 11 had metastatic disease. ≥1 CTCs were detected in six patients with LAD (24%) and four with metastatic disease (36%). On univariate analysis, smoking was associated with CTCs. CONCLUSION CTCs are not associated with prognosis in patients with LAD and metastatic disease; however, they are present in this patient population, and ≥1 CTCs is associated with a history of smoking. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1b; individual prospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan J. Harris
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Julian Huang
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Yale School of MedicineNew HavenConnecticutUSA
| | - Erin Carroll
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alarice C. Lowe
- Department of PathologyStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
| | | | - Guilherme Rabinowits
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Miami Cancer Institute/Baptist Health South FloridaMiamiFloridaUSA
| | - Robert Haddad
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Glenn J. Hanna
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Tyler Haddad
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
- Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Matthew Sanborn
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Alec Kacew
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Jochen Lorch
- Department of Medical OncologyDana‐Farber Cancer InstituteBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Yadav SRM, Goyal B, Kumar R, Gupta S, Gupta A, Mirza AA, Sharma G, Rao S, Pasricha R, Gupta M. Identification of suitable reference genes in blood samples of carcinoma lung patients using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Carcinog 2020; 19:11. [PMID: 33679241 PMCID: PMC7921775 DOI: 10.4103/jcar.jcar_18_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Lung cancer (LC), among all other cancers, is the leading cause of death worldwide, while the third most common cancer-causing mortality in India. Several techniques of the assay for early detection of cancer that improve survival rates have been employed in tissues and cell lines. Reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RTqPCR) is one of the most common techniques employed for gene expression studies for the normalization of a target gene using a reference gene (RG). The present study used the three most common RGs: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), β-Actin, and 18s ribosomal ribonucleic acid (18s rRNA), which were assessed by qPCR to validate, as of which is a more effective RG in blood samples of LC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of thirty participants with LC of non-small cell and small cell type were included along with twenty healthy controls. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells was quantified, prepared for complementary deoxyribose nucleic acid synthesis, and analyzed for expression of three RG on RTqPCR. RESULTS: Expression levels as Ct values of studied RG were reported as mean ± standard deviation for GAPDH (26.97 ± 5.107), β-actin (20.5 ± 2.3), and 18s rRNA (25.10 ± 4.075). GAPDH showed the lowest expression, whereas β-actin showed the highest expression among the studied RG in subjects of LC. The expression of GAPDH and 18s rRNA were statistically significantly lower than β-actin (p < 0.0001), whereas expression levels of GAPDH and 18s rRNA were comparable. However, the expression level of only β-actin in LC patients was comparable with healthy controls with P < 0.1611 at 95% confidence interval. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that β -actin may be considered the most suitable RG isolated and studied from peripheral blood mononuclear cells using RT qPCR in LC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Ranjan Mani Yadav
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Bela Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Sweety Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Amit Gupta
- Department of Surgery, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anissa Atif Mirza
- Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Gaurav Sharma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Shalinee Rao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Rajesh Pasricha
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Manoj Gupta
- Department of Radiation Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
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Wang X, Jaimes M, Gu H, Shults K, Putta S, Sharma V, Chow W, Gogoi P, Handique K, Patterson BK. Cell by cell immuno- and cancer marker profiling of non-small cell lung cancer tissue: Checkpoint marker expression on CD103+, CD4+ T-cells predicts circulating tumor cells. Transl Oncol 2020; 14:100953. [PMID: 33217647 PMCID: PMC7683336 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2020.100953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poor prognosis. Targeted therapy and immunotherapy in recent years has significantly improved NSCLC patient outcome. In this study, we employed cell-by-cell immune and cancer marker profiling of the primary tumor cells to investigate possible signatures that might predict the presence or absence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs). We performed a comprehensive study on 10 NSCLC patient tissue samples with paired blood samples. The solid tissue biopsy samples were dissociated into single cells by non-enzymatic tissue homogenization and stained with a total 25 immune, cancer markers and DNA content dye and analyzed with high-parameter flow cytometry. CTCs were isolated and analyzed from the paired peripheral blood. We investigated a total of 74 biomarkers for their correlation with CTC number. Strong correlations were observed between CTC number and the frequency of immune checkpoint marker expressing lymphocytes (CTLA-4, LAG3, TIM3, PD-1), within the CD103+CD4+ T lymphocyte subset. CTC number is also correlated with the frequency of PD-L1 expressing cancer cells and cancer cell DNA content. In contrast, CTC number inversely correlated to the frequency of CD44+E-cadherin- cancer cells. Unsupervised clustering analysis based on the biomarker analysis separated the CTC negative patients from the CTC positive patients. Profiling multiple immune and cancer markers on cancer samples with multi-parametric flow cytometry allowed us to obtain protein expression information at the single cell level. Clustering analysis of the proteomic data revealed a signature driven by checkpoint marker expression on CD103+CD4+ T cells that could potentially be predictive of CTCs and targets of therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Wang
- IncellDx Inc, 1541 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | - Maria Jaimes
- Cytek Biosciences Inc, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Huimin Gu
- Cytek Biosciences Inc, Fremont, CA, United States
| | - Keith Shults
- IncellDx Inc, 1541 Industrial Road, San Carlos, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Will Chow
- Celsee Inc, Plymouth MI, United States
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Garrido-Navas MC, García-Díaz A, Molina-Vallejo MP, González-Martínez C, Alcaide Lucena M, Cañas-García I, Bayarri C, Delgado JR, González E, Lorente JA, Serrano MJ. The Polemic Diagnostic Role of TP53 Mutations in Liquid Biopsies from Breast, Colon and Lung Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E3343. [PMID: 33198130 PMCID: PMC7696715 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Being minimally invasive and thus allowing repeated measures over time, liquid biopsies are taking over traditional solid biopsies in certain circumstances such as those for unreachable tumors, very early stages or treatment monitoring. However, regarding TP53 mutation status analysis, liquid biopsies have not yet substituted tissue samples, mainly due to the lack of concordance between the two types of biopsies. This needs to be examined in a study-dependent manner, taking into account the particular type of liquid biopsy analyzed, that is, circulating tumor cells (CTCs) or cell-free DNA (cfDNA), its involvement in the tumor biology and evolution and, finally, the technology used to analyze each biopsy type. Here, we review the main studies analyzing TP53 mutations in either CTCs or cfDNA in the three more prevalent solid tumors: breast, colon and lung cancers. We evaluate the correlation for mutation status between liquid biopsies and tumor tissue, suggesting possible sources of discrepancies, as well as evaluating the clinical utility of using liquid biopsies for the analysis of TP53 mutation status and the future actions that need to be undertaken to make liquid biopsy analysis a reality for the evaluation of TP53 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Carmen Garrido-Navas
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Universidad Internacional de la Rioja, Avenida de la Paz, 137, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Abel García-Díaz
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Maria Pilar Molina-Vallejo
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Coral González-Martínez
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
| | - Miriam Alcaide Lucena
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Inés Cañas-García
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Servicio de Cirugía General y del Aparato Digestivo, Hospital Clínico San Cecilio, 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Clara Bayarri
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Av. de las Fuerzas Armadas, 2, 18014 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan Ramón Delgado
- Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada (CHUG), University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.R.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Encarna González
- Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada (CHUG), University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.R.D.); (E.G.)
| | - Jose Antonio Lorente
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Laboratory of Genetic Identification, Department of Legal Medicine, University of Granada, Av. de la Investigación, 11, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - M. Jose Serrano
- GENYO Centre for Genomics and Oncological Research, formed by Pfizer, the University of Granada and the Andalusian Regional Government, PTS Granada, Liquid Biopsy and Cancer Interception Group, Av. de la Ilustración, 114, 18016 Granada, Spain; (A.G.-D.); (M.P.M.-V.); (C.G.-M.); (M.A.L.); (I.C.-G.); (C.B.); (J.A.L.)
- Bio-Health Research Institute (Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs. GRANADA), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada (CHUG), University of Granada, 18012 Granada, Spain; (J.R.D.); (E.G.)
- Department of Pathological Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Campus de Ciencias de la Salud, University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
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Siu DMD, Lee KCM, Lo MCK, Stassen SV, Wang M, Zhang IZQ, So HKH, Chan GCF, Cheah KSE, Wong KKY, Hsin MKY, Ho JCM, Tsia KK. Deep-learning-assisted biophysical imaging cytometry at massive throughput delineates cell population heterogeneity. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3696-3708. [PMID: 32935707 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00542h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The association of the intrinsic optical and biophysical properties of cells to homeostasis and pathogenesis has long been acknowledged. Defining these label-free cellular features obviates the need for costly and time-consuming labelling protocols that perturb the living cells. However, wide-ranging applicability of such label-free cell-based assays requires sufficient throughput, statistical power and sensitivity that are unattainable with current technologies. To close this gap, we present a large-scale, integrative imaging flow cytometry platform and strategy that allows hierarchical analysis of intrinsic morphological descriptors of single-cell optical and mass density within a population of millions of cells. The optofluidic cytometry system also enables the synchronous single-cell acquisition of and correlation with fluorescently labeled biochemical markers. Combined with deep neural network and transfer learning, this massive single-cell profiling strategy demonstrates the label-free power to delineate the biophysical signatures of the cancer subtypes, to detect rare populations of cells in the heterogeneous samples (10-5), and to assess the efficacy of targeted therapeutics. This technique could spearhead the development of optofluidic imaging cell-based assays that stratify the underlying physiological and pathological processes based on the information-rich biophysical cellular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson M D Siu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Choi Yei Ching Building, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong.
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Li S, Zhang C, Pang G, Wang P. Emerging Blood-Based Biomarkers for Predicting Response to Checkpoint Immunotherapy in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2020; 11:603157. [PMID: 33178229 PMCID: PMC7596386 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.603157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have brought impressive clinical benefits in a variety of malignancies over the past years, which dramatically revolutionized the cancer treatment paradigm. Monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy of ICIs targeting programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) has emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, constrained by primary or acquired resistance, most patients obtain limited benefits from ICIs and occasionally suffer from severe immune-related adverse events. Moreover, owing to the complexity of the tumor microenvironment and the technical limitations, clinical application of PD-L1 and tumor mutation burden as biomarkers shows many deficiencies. Thus, additional predictive biomarkers are required to further advance the precision of proper patient selection, avoiding the exposure of potential non-responders to unnecessary immunotoxicity. Nowadays, an increasing number of investigations are focusing on peripheral blood as a noninvasive alternative to tissue biopsy in predicting and monitoring treatment outcomes. Herein, we summarize the emerging blood-based biomarkers that could predict the clinical response to checkpoint immunotherapy, specifically in patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chengyan Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanchao Pang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Pingli Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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48
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Liu HE, Vuppalapaty M, Wilkerson C, Renier C, Chiu M, Lemaire C, Che J, Matsumoto M, Carroll J, Crouse S, Hanft VR, Jeffrey SS, Di Carlo D, Garon EB, Goldman J, Sollier E. Detection of EGFR Mutations in cfDNA and CTCs, and Comparison to Tumor Tissue in Non-Small-Cell-Lung-Cancer (NSCLC) Patients. Front Oncol 2020; 10:572895. [PMID: 33117705 PMCID: PMC7578230 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.572895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) therapies, based on the evaluation of EGFR mutations, have shown dramatic clinical benefits. EGFR mutation assays are mainly performed on tumor biopsies, which carry risks, are not always successful and give results relevant to the timepoint of the assay. To detect secondary EGFR mutations, which cause resistance to 1st and 2nd generation TKIs and lead to the administration of a 3rd generation drug, effective and non-invasive monitoring of EGFR mutation status is needed. Liquid biopsy analytes, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (cfDNA), allow such monitoring over the course of the therapy. The aim of this study was to develop and optimize a workflow for the evaluation of cfDNA and CTCs in NSCLC patients all from one blood sample. Using Vortex technology and EntroGen ctEGFR assay, EGFR mutations were identified at 0.5 ng of DNA (∼83 cells), with a sensitivity ranging from 0.1 to 2.0% for a total DNA varying from 25 ng (∼4 CTCs among 4000 white blood cells, WBCs) to 1 ng (∼4 CTCs among 200 WBCs). The processing of plasma-depleted-blood provided comparable capture recovery as whole blood, confirming the possibility of a multimodality liquid biopsy analysis (cfDNA and CTC DNA) from a single tube of blood. Different anticoagulants were evaluated and compared in terms of respective performance. Blood samples from 24 NSCLC patients and 6 age-matched healthy donors were analyzed with this combined workflow to minimize blood volume needed and sample-to-sample bias, and the EGFR mutation profile detected from CTCs and cfDNA was compared to matched tumor tissues. Despite the limited size of the patient cohort, results from this non-invasive EGFR mutation analysis are encouraging and this combined workflow represents a valuable means for informing therapy selection and for monitoring treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyan E Liu
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, United States
| | | | | | | | - Michael Chiu
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, United States
| | | | - James Che
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, United States
| | - Melissa Matsumoto
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - James Carroll
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Steve Crouse
- Vortex Biosciences, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, United States
| | - Violet R Hanft
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Dino Di Carlo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,California NanoSystems Institute, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Edward B Garon
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jonathan Goldman
- Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,UCLA Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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49
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Huo KG, D'Arcangelo E, Tsao MS. Patient-derived cell line, xenograft and organoid models in lung cancer therapy. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:2214-2232. [PMID: 33209645 PMCID: PMC7653147 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lung cancer accounts for most cancer-related deaths worldwide and has an overall 5-year survival rate of ~15%. Cell lines have played important roles in the study of cancer biology and potential therapeutic targets, as well as pre-clinical testing of novel drugs. However, most experimental therapies that have cleared preclinical testing using established cell lines have failed phase III clinical trials. This suggests that such models may not adequately recapitulate patient tumor biology and clinical outcome predictions. Here, we discuss and compare different pre-clinical lung cancer models, including established cell lines, patient-derived cell lines, xenografts and organoids, summarize the methodology for generating these models, and review their relative advantages and limitations in different oncologic research applications. We further discuss additional gaps in patient-derived pre-clinical models to better recapitulate tumor biology and improve their clinical predictive power.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ku-Geng Huo
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elisa D'Arcangelo
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
| | - Ming-Sound Tsao
- University Health Network and Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Canada
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50
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Ho GYF, Wang T, Kwok HH, Rasul R, Peila R, Guzman M, Ip MSM, Lam DCL. Longitudinal multi-gene panel assessment of circulating tumor DNA revealed tumor burden and molecular characteristics along treatment course of non-small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2020; 9:1873-1884. [PMID: 33209609 PMCID: PMC7653134 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-20-675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background Most studies associating circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) with outcome in lung cancer treatment were either cross-sectional or, if longitudinal, only analyzed a limited number of genes. This study evaluated the potential of utilizing ctDNA profiled by a panel of common cancer genes to monitor tumor burden and to reveal molecular characteristics of tumor along treatment course. Methods Twenty Chinese non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with serial plasma samples collected (I) before starting on either first- or second-line treatment, (II) at stable disease on treatment, and (III) upon disease progression, were analyzed for mutations in ctDNA using the PGDx 64-gene panel. Paired statistics compared mutation profiles between any two of the three time points. Results Proportions with detectable ctDNA decreased from 65% at baseline to 35% at stable disease and rose to 80% at progression (P=0.012, between stable disease and progression); median ctDNA levels (mutated fragments per mL) were 7.8, 0, and 24.7 at the three time points, respectively (P=0.013 between baseline and progression; P=0.007 between stable disease and progression). Although plasma epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations were commonly detected, 15% of patients had mutations other than EGFR detected during progression, such as various types of TP53 mutations. Conclusions ctDNA profiling in serial blood samples reflected tumor burden over time, and a multi-gene panel was more sensitive in indicating lung cancer progression on treatment than a single gene approach. The detection of additional oncogenic mutations or their disappearance suggested evolution of tumor heterogeneity along treatment course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Y F Ho
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Hoi-Hin Kwok
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Rehana Rasul
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Rita Peila
- Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Maria Guzman
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Epidemiology and Prevention, Feinstein Institute for Medical Research, Northwell Health, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Manhasset, NY, USA
| | - Mary S M Ip
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David C L Lam
- Department of Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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