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Zhang S, Yang R, Ouyang Y, Shen Y, Hu L, Xu C. Cancer stem cells: a target for overcoming therapeutic resistance and relapse. Cancer Biol Med 2023; 20:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333. [PMID: 38164743 PMCID: PMC10845928 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a small subset of cells in cancers that are thought to initiate tumorous transformation and promote metastasis, recurrence, and resistance to treatment. Growing evidence has revealed the existence of CSCs in various types of cancers and suggested that CSCs differentiate into diverse lineage cells that contribute to tumor progression. We may be able to overcome the limitations of cancer treatment with a comprehensive understanding of the biological features and mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance in CSCs. This review provides an overview of the properties, biomarkers, and mechanisms of resistance shown by CSCs. Recent findings on metabolic features, especially fatty acid metabolism and ferroptosis in CSCs, are highlighted, along with promising targeting strategies. Targeting CSCs is a potential treatment plan to conquer cancer and prevent resistance and relapse in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Radiation Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610042, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Ultrasound in Medicine, Chengdu Wenjiang District People’s Hospital, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yujie Ouyang
- Acupuncture and Massage College, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- School of Pharmacy, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR 999078, China
| | - Lanlin Hu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
| | - Chuan Xu
- Department of Oncology & Cancer Institute, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory for Human Disease Gene Study, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610072, China
- Yu-Yue Pathology Scientific Research Center, Chongqing 400039, China
- Jinfeng Laboratory, Chongqing 401329, China
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2
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Sacco A, Battaglia AM, Santamaria G, Buffone C, Barone S, Procopio A, Lavecchia AM, Aversa I, Giorgio E, Petriaggi L, Cristofaro MG, Biamonte F, Giudice A. SOX2 promotes a cancer stem cell-like phenotype and local spreading in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293475. [PMID: 38096163 PMCID: PMC10721099 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Emerging evidence shows that oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) invasiveness can be attributed to a small subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) in the bulk of the tumor. However, the presence of CSCs in the OSCC close resection margins is still poorly unexplored. Here, we found that BMI1, CD44, SOX2, OCT4, UBE2C, CXCR4 CSCs marker genes are significantly upregulated, while IGF1-R, KLF4, ALDH1A1, CD133, FAM3C are downregulated in the tumor core vs healthy mucosa of 24 patients with OSCC. Among these, SOX2 appears also upregulated in the tumor close margin vs healthy mucosa and this significantly correlates with tumor size and lymph node compromise. In vitro analyses in CAL27 and SCC15 tongue squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, show that SOX2 transient knockdown i) promotes the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition, ii) smooths the invasiveness, iii) attenuates the 3D tumor sphere-forming capacity, and iv) partially increases the sensitivity to cisplatin treatment. Overall, our study highlights that the OSCC close margins can retain CSC-specific markers. Notably, SOX2 may represent a useful CSCs marker to predict a more aggressive phenotype and a suitable target to prevent local invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Sacco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Caterina Buffone
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Selene Barone
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Procopio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biomechatronics Laboratory, “Magna Græcia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Ilenia Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giorgio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lavinia Petriaggi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Cristofaro
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Laboratory, "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), "Magna Graecia" University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Amerigo Giudice
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Dentistry, “Magna Graecia” University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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Battaglia AM, Sacco A, Aversa I, Santamaria G, Palmieri C, Botta C, De Stefano R, Bitetto M, Petriaggi L, Giorgio E, Faniello CM, Costanzo F, Biamonte F. Iron-mediated oxidative stress induces PD-L1 expression via activation of c-Myc in lung adenocarcinoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1208485. [PMID: 37377735 PMCID: PMC10291098 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1208485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The PD-1/PD-L1 axis is hijacked by lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) cells to escape immune surveillance. PD-L1 expression in LUAD is affected, among others, by the metabolic trafficking between tumor cells and the tumor microenvironment (TME). Methods: Correlation between PD-L1 expression and iron content within the TME was established on FFPE LUAD tissue samples. The effects of an iron rich microenvironment on PD-L1 mRNA and protein levels were assessed in vitro in H460 and A549 LUAD by using qPCR, western blot and flow citometry. c-Myc knockdown was performed to validate the role of this transcription factor on PD-L1 expression. The effects of iron-induced PD-L1 on T cell immune function was assessed by quantifying IFN-γ release in a co-colture system. TCGA dataset was used to analyse the correlation between PD-L1 and CD71 mRNA expression in LUAD patients. Results: In this study, we highlight a significant correlation between iron density within the TME and PD-L1 expression in 16 LUAD tissue specimens. In agreement, we show that a more pronounced innate iron-addicted phenotype, indicated by a higher transferrin receptor CD71 levels, significantly correlates with higher PD-L1 mRNA expression levels in LUAD dataset obtained from TCGA database. In vitro, we demonstrate that the addition of Fe3+ within the culture media promotes the significant overexpression of PD-L1 in A549 and H460 LUAD cells, through the modulation of its gene transcription mediated by c-Myc. The effects of iron lean on its redox activity since PD-L1 up-regulation is counteracted by treatment with the antioxidant compound trolox. When LUAD cells are co-cultured with CD3/CD28-stimulated T cells in an iron-rich culture condition, PD-L1 up-regulation causes the inhibition of T-lymphocytes activity, as demonstrated by the significant reduction of IFN-γ release. Discussion: Overall, in this study we demonstrate that iron abundance within the TME may enhance PD-L1 expression in LUAD and, thus, open the way for the identification of possible combinatorial strategies that take into account the iron levels within the TME to improve the outcomes of LUAD patients treated with anti-PD-1/PD-L1-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Martina Battaglia
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alessandro Sacco
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Camillo Palmieri
- Laboratory of Immunology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cirino Botta
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother, and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberto De Stefano
- Operational Unit of Anatomic Pathology, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Maurizio Bitetto
- Operational Unit of Thoracic Surgery, Annunziata Hospital, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Lavinia Petriaggi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Emanuele Giorgio
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Concetta Maria Faniello
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cellular Biology, Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Center of Interdepartmental Services (CIS), Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
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4
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Liu Z, Nan P, Gong Y, Tian L, Zheng Y, Wu Z. Endoplasmic reticulum stress-triggered ferroptosis via the XBP1-Hrd1-Nrf2 pathway induces EMT progression in diabetic nephropathy. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114897. [PMID: 37224754 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is characterized by tubulointerstitial fibrosis caused by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of renal tubular epithelial cells. Although ferroptosis promotes DN development, the specific pathological process that is affected by ferroptosis in DN remains unclear. Herein, EMT-related changes, including increased α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and Vimentin expression and decreased E-cadherin expression, were observed in the renal tissues of streptozotocin-induced DN mice and high glucose-cultured human renal proximal tubular (HK-2) cells. Treatment with ferrostatin-1 (Fer-1) ameliorated these changes and rescued renal pathological injury in diabetic mice. Interestingly, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) was activated during EMT progression in DN. Inhibiting ERS improved the expression of EMT-associated indicators and further rescued the characteristic changes in ferroptosis caused by high glucose, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, iron overload, increased lipid peroxidation product generation, and reduced mitochondrial cristae. Moreover, overexpression of XBP1 increased Hrd1 expression and inhibited NFE2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) expression, which could enhance cell susceptibility to ferroptosis. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) and ubiquitylation assays indicated that Hrd1 interacted with and ubiquitinated Nrf2 under high-glucose conditions. Collectively, our results demonstrated that ERS triggers ferroptosis-related EMT progression through the XBP1-Hrd1-Nrf2 pathway, which provides new insights into potential mechanisms for delaying EMT progression in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijun Liu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ping Nan
- Department of Obster & Gynecol, Shengli Oilfield Center Hospital, Dongying, Shandong 257000, China.
| | - Yihui Gong
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Ling Tian
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China.
| | - Yin Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
| | - Zhongming Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300134, China; Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China; Shandong Institute of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Jinan, Shandong 250021, China.
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5
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De Vitis C, Battaglia AM, Pallocca M, Santamaria G, Mimmi MC, Sacco A, De Nicola F, Gaspari M, Salvati V, Ascenzi F, Bruschini S, Esposito A, Ricci G, Sperandio E, Massacci A, Prestagiacomo LE, Vecchione A, Ricci A, Sciacchitano S, Salerno G, French D, Aversa I, Cereda C, Fanciulli M, Chiaradonna F, Solito E, Cuda G, Costanzo F, Ciliberto G, Mancini R, Biamonte F. ALDOC- and ENO2- driven glucose metabolism sustains 3D tumor spheroids growth regardless of nutrient environmental conditions: a multi-omics analysis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:69. [PMID: 36945054 PMCID: PMC10031988 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02641-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastases are the major cause of cancer-related morbidity and mortality. By the time cancer cells detach from their primary site to eventually spread to distant sites, they need to acquire the ability to survive in non-adherent conditions and to proliferate within a new microenvironment in spite of stressing conditions that may severely constrain the metastatic process. In this study, we gained insight into the molecular mechanisms allowing cancer cells to survive and proliferate in an anchorage-independent manner, regardless of both tumor-intrinsic variables and nutrient culture conditions. METHODS 3D spheroids derived from lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and breast cancer cells were cultured in either nutrient-rich or -restricted culture conditions. A multi-omics approach, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, was used to explore the molecular changes underlying the transition from 2 to 3D cultures. Small interfering RNA-mediated loss of function assays were used to validate the role of the identified differentially expressed genes and proteins in H460 and HCC827 LUAD as well as in MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines. RESULTS We found that the transition from 2 to 3D cultures of H460 and MCF7 cells is associated with significant changes in the expression of genes and proteins involved in metabolic reprogramming. In particular, we observed that 3D tumor spheroid growth implies the overexpression of ALDOC and ENO2 glycolytic enzymes concomitant with the enhanced consumption of glucose and fructose and the enhanced production of lactate. Transfection with siRNA against both ALDOC and ENO2 determined a significant reduction in lactate production, viability and size of 3D tumor spheroids produced by H460, HCC827, MCF7, and T47D cell lines. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that anchorage-independent survival and growth of cancer cells are supported by changes in genes and proteins that drive glucose metabolism towards an enhanced lactate production. Notably, this finding is valid for all lung and breast cancer cell lines we have analyzed in different nutrient environmental conditions. broader Validation of this mechanism in other cancer cells of different origin will be necessary to broaden the role of ALDOC and ENO2 to other tumor types. Future in vivo studies will be necessary to assess the role of ALDOC and ENO2 in cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia De Vitis
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Martina Battaglia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Pallocca
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluca Santamaria
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Sacco
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesca De Nicola
- SAFU Laboratory, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Gaspari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvati
- Preclinical Models and New Therapeutic Agents Unit, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Ascenzi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Bruschini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonella Esposito
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giulia Ricci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Università Degli Studi Della Campania ''Luigi Vanvitelli'', Naples, Italy
| | - Eleonora Sperandio
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Alice Massacci
- Biostatistics, Bioinformatics and Clinical Trial Center, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Licia Elvira Prestagiacomo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Andrea Vecchione
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Alberto Ricci
- Respiratory Unit, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Sciacchitano
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Gerardo Salerno
- Department of Neurosciences, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Deborah French
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Ilenia Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Cristina Cereda
- Genomic and Post-Genomic Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Fanciulli
- SAFU Laboratory, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Egle Solito
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
| | - Giovanni Cuda
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Francesco Costanzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Interdepartmental Centre of Services, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gennaro Ciliberto
- Scientific Director, IRCCS ''Regina Elena'' National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Mancini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, ''Sapienza'' University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
| | - Flavia Biamonte
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, ''Magna Graecia'' University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
- Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, E1 2AT, UK
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6
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Jiang D, Niu C, Mo G, Wang X, Sun Q, An X, Ji C, Ling W, Li L, Zhao H, Han C, Liu H, Hu J, Kang B. Ferritin heavy chain participated in ameliorating 3-nitropropionic acid-induced oxidative stress and apoptosis of goose follicular granulosa cells. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102606. [PMID: 36940654 PMCID: PMC10033315 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is the major culprits responsible for ovarian dysfunction by damaging granulosa cells (GCs). Ferritin heavy chain (FHC) may participate in the regulation of ovarian function by mediating GCs apoptosis. However, the specific regulatory function of FHC in follicular GCs remains unclear. Here, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) was utilized to establish an oxidative stress model of follicular GCs of Sichuan white geese. To explore the regulatory effects of FHC on oxidative stress and apoptosis of primary GCs in geese by interfering or overexpressing FHC gene. After transfection of siRNA-FHC to GCs for 60 h, the expressions of FHC gene and protein decreased significantly (P < 0.05). After FHC overexpression for 72 h, the expressions of FHC mRNA and protein upregulated considerably (P < 0.05). The activity of GCs was impaired after interfering with FHC and 3-NPA coincubated (P < 0.05). When overexpression of FHC combined with 3-NPA treatment, the activity of GCs was remarkably enhanced (P < 0.05). After interference FHC and 3-NPA treatment, NF-κB and NRF2 gene expression decreased (P < 0.05), the intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level increased greatly (P < 0.05), BCL-2 expression reduced, BAX/BCL-2 ratio intensified (P < 0.05), the mitochondrial membrane potential decreased notably (P < 0.05), and the apoptosis rate of GCs aggravated (P < 0.05). While overexpression of FHC combined with 3-NPA treatment could promote BCL-2 protein expression and reduce BAX/BCL-2 ratio, indicating that FHC regulated the mitochondrial membrane potential and apoptosis of GCs by mediating the expression of BCL-2. Taken together, our research manifested that FHC alleviated the inhibitory effect of 3-NPA on the activity of GCs. FHC knockdown could suppress the expression of NRF2 and NF-κB genes, reduce BCL-2 expression and augment BAX/BCL-2 ratio, contributing to the accumulation of ROS and jeopardizing mitochondrial membrane potential, as well as exacerbating GCs apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Jiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chunyang Niu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Guilin Mo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Qian Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Xiaoguang An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chengweng Ji
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Weikang Ling
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Chunchun Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Hehe Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Jiwei Hu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Multi-omics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China; Farm Animal Genetic Resources Exploration and Innovation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, PR China.
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7
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Buschhaus JM, Rajendran S, Humphries BA, Cutter AC, Muñiz AJ, Ciavattone NG, Buschhaus AM, Cañeque T, Nwosu ZC, Sahoo D, Bevoor AS, Shah YM, Lyssiotis CA, Ghosh P, Wicha MS, Rodriguez R, Luker GD. Effects of iron modulation on mesenchymal stem cell-induced drug resistance in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:3705-3718. [PMID: 35732800 PMCID: PMC9288981 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02385-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancer, the most common subtype, remain at risk for lethal metastatic disease years after diagnosis. Recurrence arises partly because tumor cells in bone marrow become resistant to estrogen-targeted therapy. Here, we utilized a co-culture model of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and ER+ breast cancer cells to recapitulate interactions of cancer cells in bone marrow niches. ER+ breast cancer cells in direct contact with MSCs acquire cancer stem-like (CSC) phenotypes with increased resistance to standard antiestrogenic drugs. We confirmed that co-culture with MSCs increased labile iron in breast cancer cells, a phenotype associated with CSCs and disease progression. Clinically approved iron chelators and in-house lysosomal iron-targeting compounds restored sensitivity to antiestrogenic therapy. These findings establish iron modulation as a mechanism to reverse MSC-induced drug resistance and suggest iron modulation in combination with estrogen-targeted therapy as a promising, translatable strategy to treat ER+ breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna M Buschhaus
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Shrila Rajendran
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Brock A Humphries
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Alyssa C Cutter
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Ayşe J Muñiz
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering and Biointerfaces Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Nicholas G Ciavattone
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Alexander M Buschhaus
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Tatiana Cañeque
- Institut Curie, Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Zeribe C Nwosu
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Pediatrics, and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Avinash S Bevoor
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA
| | - Yatrik M Shah
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Rogel Cancer Center, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Costas A Lyssiotis
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Departments of Medicine and Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max S Wicha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Raphaël Rodriguez
- Institut Curie, Chemical Biology of Cancer Laboratory, CNRS UMR 3666, INSERM U1143, PSL Research University, Paris, France
| | - Gary D Luker
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 2200 Bonisteel, Blvd., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2099, USA.
- Center for Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, 109 Zina Pitcher Place, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2200, USA.
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8
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Zhang C, Wang S, Lau J, Roden AC, Matteson EL, Sun J, Luo F, Tschumperlin DJ, Vassallo R. IL-23 amplifies the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of mechanically conditioned alveolar epithelial cells in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease through mTOR/S6 signaling. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2021; 321:L1006-L1022. [PMID: 34585990 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00292.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) creates an environment facilitating fibrosis following alveolar epithelial cell injury. IL-23 has important roles in chronic autoimmune conditions like rheumatoid arthritis (RA), but its role in the interstitial lung disease that affects patients with RA is unclear. This study aimed to determine the profibrogenic role of IL-23 on somatic alveolar type I (ATI) epithelial cells. Primary ATI cells were isolated from rats and cultured on plastic dishes for 1-3 wk. After prolonged culture (≥14 days) on rigid culture dishes, primary ATI cells gradually acquired a mesenchymal phenotype, identified by decreased expression of caveolin-1, and reorganization of F-actin cytoskeleton, indicating the initiation of EMT by matrix stiffness. To determine how IL-23 promotes EMT in vitro, transitioning ATI cells, cultured on a stiff substrate for ≥14 days were stimulated with IL-23. The EMT phenotype was significantly enhanced by IL-23, which upregulated α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I/III protein, and decreased caveolin-1. Furthermore, IL-23 significantly promoted cell invasion, as well as apoptotic resistance on transitioning ATI cells. Mechanistically, IL-23-induced EMT was mammalian target of rapamycin/ribosomal protein S6 (mTOR/S6) signaling dependent and reversible by rapamycin. Transcriptional sequencing analysis of human lung fibrosis biopsy tissue revealed key roles for IL-23 in rheumatoid arthritis-associated interstitial lung disease (RA-ILD). This result was further validated by significantly upregulated IL-23 expression at the mRNA level in RA-ILD lung sections. Notably, transitioning ATI epithelial cells were abundantly detected in RA-ILD tissue. Taken together, these data support a role for IL-23 in the pathogenesis of RA lung fibrosis by promoting EMT in alveolar epithelial cells through mTOR/S6 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chujie Zhang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jessica Lau
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Vancouver Clinic, Vancouver, Washington
| | - Anja C Roden
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Eric L Matteson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jie Sun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Fengming Luo
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, West China School of Medicine and West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daniel J Tschumperlin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Vassallo
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota.,Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine and Science, Rochester, Minnesota
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9
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Cosialls E, El Hage R, Dos Santos L, Gong C, Mehrpour M, Hamaï A. Ferroptosis: Cancer Stem Cells Rely on Iron until "to Die for" It. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112981. [PMID: 34831207 PMCID: PMC8616391 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are a distinct subpopulation of tumor cells with stem cell-like features. Able to initiate and sustain tumor growth and mostly resistant to anti-cancer therapies, they are thought responsible for tumor recurrence and metastasis. Recent accumulated evidence supports that iron metabolism with the recent discovery of ferroptosis constitutes a promising new lead in the field of anti-CSC therapeutic strategies. Indeed, iron uptake, efflux, storage and regulation pathways are all over-engaged in the tumor microenvironment suggesting that the reprogramming of iron metabolism is a crucial occurrence in tumor cell survival. In particular, recent studies have highlighted the importance of iron metabolism in the maintenance of CSCs. Furthermore, the high concentration of iron found in CSCs, as compared to non-CSCs, underlines their iron addiction. In line with this, if iron is an essential macronutrient that is nevertheless highly reactive, it represents their Achilles’ heel by inducing ferroptosis cell death and therefore providing opportunities to target CSCs. In this review, we first summarize our current understanding of iron metabolism and its regulation in CSCs. Then, we provide an overview of the current knowledge of ferroptosis and discuss the role of autophagy in the (regulation of) ferroptotic pathways. Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic strategies that could be used for inducing ferroptosis in CSCs to treat cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Cosialls
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75993 Paris, France; (E.C.); (R.E.H.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Rima El Hage
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75993 Paris, France; (E.C.); (R.E.H.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Leïla Dos Santos
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75993 Paris, France; (E.C.); (R.E.H.); (L.D.S.)
| | - Chang Gong
- Breast Tumor Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Guangzhou 510120, China;
| | - Maryam Mehrpour
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75993 Paris, France; (E.C.); (R.E.H.); (L.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.H.)
| | - Ahmed Hamaï
- Institut Necker-Enfants Malades (INEM), Inserm U1151-CNRS UMR 8253, Université Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité, F-75993 Paris, France; (E.C.); (R.E.H.); (L.D.S.)
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (A.H.)
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10
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Weber S, Parmon A, Kurrle N, Schnütgen F, Serve H. The Clinical Significance of Iron Overload and Iron Metabolism in Myelodysplastic Syndrome and Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Front Immunol 2021; 11:627662. [PMID: 33679722 PMCID: PMC7933218 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.627662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplasticsyndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) are clonal hematopoietic stem cell diseases leading to an insufficient formation of functional blood cells. Disease-immanent factors as insufficient erythropoiesis and treatment-related factors as recurrent treatment with red blood cell transfusions frequently lead to systemic iron overload in MDS and AML patients. In addition, alterations of function and expression of proteins associated with iron metabolism are increasingly recognized to be pathogenetic factors and potential vulnerabilities of these diseases. Iron is known to be involved in multiple intracellular and extracellular processes. It is essential for cell metabolism as well as for cell proliferation and closely linked to the formation of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, iron can influence the course of clonal myeloid disorders, the leukemic environment and the occurrence as well as the defense of infections. Imbalances of iron homeostasis may induce cell death of normal but also of malignant cells. New potential treatment strategies utilizing the importance of the iron homeostasis include iron chelation, modulation of proteins involved in iron metabolism, induction of leukemic cell death via ferroptosis and exploitation of iron proteins for the delivery of antileukemic drugs. Here, we provide an overview of some of the latest findings about the function, the prognostic impact and potential treatment strategies of iron in patients with MDS and AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Weber
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Anastasia Parmon
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Hubert Serve
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.,Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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11
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Iron Metabolism in the Tumor Microenvironment-Implications for Anti-Cancer Immune Response. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020303. [PMID: 33540645 PMCID: PMC7913036 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
New insights into the field of iron metabolism within the tumor microenvironment have been uncovered in recent years. Iron promotes the production of reactive oxygen species, which may either trigger ferroptosis cell death or contribute to malignant transformation. Once transformed, cancer cells divert tumor-infiltrating immune cells to satisfy their iron demand, thus affecting the tumor immunosurveillance. In this review, we highlight how the bioavailability of this metal shapes complex metabolic pathways within the tumor microenvironment and how this affects both tumor-associated macrophages and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes functions. Furthermore, we discuss the potentials as well as the current clinical controversies surrounding the use of iron metabolism as a target for new anticancer treatments in two opposed conditions: (i) the “hot” tumors, which are usually enriched in immune cells infiltration and are extremely rich in iron availability within the microenvironment, and (ii) the “cold” tumors, which are often very poor in immune cells, mainly due to immune exclusion.
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12
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Extracellular Matrix in Calcific Aortic Valve Disease: Architecture, Dynamic and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020913. [PMID: 33477599 PMCID: PMC7831300 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcific Aortic Valve Disease (CAVD) is the most common valvular heart disease in developed countries and in the ageing population. It is strongly correlated to median age, affecting up to 13% of the population over the age of 65. Pathophysiological analysis indicates CAVD as a result of an active and degenerative disease, starting with sclerosis and chronic inflammation and then leaflet calcification, which ultimately can account for aortic stenosis. Although CAVD has been firstly recognized as a passive event mostly resulting from a degenerative aging process, much evidences suggests that calcification arises from different active processes, involving both aortic valve-resident cells (valve endothelial cells, valve interstitial cells, mesenchymal stem cells, innate immunity cells) and circulating cells (circulating mesenchymal cells, immunity cells). Moreover, a role for the cell-derived "matrix vesicles" and extracellular matrix (ECM) components has also been recognized. The aim of this work is to review the cellular and molecular alterations occurring in aortic valve during CAVD pathogenesis, focusing on the role of ECM in the natural course of the disease.
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13
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Li M, Qi L, Xu JB, Zhong LY, Chan S, Chen SN, Shao XR, Zheng LY, Dong ZX, Fang TL, Mai ZY, Li J, Zheng Y, Zhang XD. Methylation of the Promoter Region of the Tight Junction Protein-1 by DNMT1 Induces EMT-like Features in Multiple Myeloma. MOLECULAR THERAPY-ONCOLYTICS 2020; 19:197-207. [PMID: 33251332 PMCID: PMC7666313 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2020.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The molecular alterations that initiate the development of multiple myeloma (MM) are not fully understood. Our results revealed that TJP1 was downregulated in MM and positively related to the overall survival of MM patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and patient samples. In parallel, cell adhesion capacity representing MM metastasis was decreased in MM patients compared with healthy samples, together with the significantly activated epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) transcriptional-like patterns of MM cells. Further analyses demonstrated that TJP1 negatively regulated EMT and consequently positively regulated cell adhesion in MM from TCGA database and MM1s cells. Furthermore, the methylation level of each CpG site on the TJP1 promoter was negatively correlated with TJP1 expression levels. Quantitative real-time PCR and western blot assays demonstrated that methylase DNMT1 regulated the methylation of TJP1. Finally, treatment with a combination of the MM clinical medicine bortezomib, methylation inhibitor, or TJP1 overexpression significantly suppressed the viability and progression of tumor cells of MM orthotopic models. In summary, our results indicate that DNMT1 promotes the methylation of TJP1 promoter, thereby decreasing its expression and regulating the development of EMT-inhibited MM cell adhesion. Therefore, methylation of TJP1 is a potential therapeutic agent to prevent the progression of MM disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Lin Qi
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Corresponding author: Lin Qi, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
| | - Jing-Bo Xu
- Department of Hematology, Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai 519000, China
| | - Li-Ye Zhong
- Department of Hematology, Guangdong General Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Szehoi Chan
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Shu-Na Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Xin-Rong Shao
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Li-Yuan Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhao-Xia Dong
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Tian-Liang Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Zhi-Ying Mai
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
| | - Juan Li
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510000, China
| | - Yongjiang Zheng
- Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China
- Corresponding author: Yongjiang Zheng, Department of Hematology, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Xing-Ding Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China
- Corresponding author: Xing-Ding Zhang, Department of Pharmacology, Molecular Cancer Research Center, School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518107, China.
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14
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Synthesis and in vitro and in vivo biological evaluation of novel derivatives of flexicaulin A as antiproliferative agents. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 208:112789. [PMID: 32883640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As our research focuses on anticancer drugs, a series of novel derivatives of flexicaulin A (FA), an ent-kaurene diterpene, condensed with an aromatic ring were synthesized, and their antiproliferative activities against four human cancer cell lines (TE-1, EC109, MCF-7, and MGC-803) were evaluated. The activities of most of the new compounds were better than those of FA. Compound 2y exhibited the best activity with an IC50 value reaching 0.13 μM against oesophageal cancer cells (EC109 cells). The IC50 values for 2y in normal cells (GES-1 cells and HUVECs) were 0.52 μM and 0.49 μM, respectively. Subsequent mechanistic investigations found that compound 2y can inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells and cell cloning. In addition, 2y could reduce the mitochondrial membrane potential, increase the apoptosis rate, and increase the ROS level in EC109 cells. Moreover, 2y can upregulate the expression of ROS/JNK pathway-related proteins (p-ASK1, p-MKK4, p-JNK, and p-Cjun (ser63)) and pro-apoptotic proteins (Bax, Bad, and Bim). In vivo experiments showed that 2y can inhibit tumour growth in nude mice. The mechanism involves an increase in protein expression in the ROS pathway, leading to changes in apoptosis-related proteins. In addition, compound 2y shows low toxicity. These results indicate that compound 2y holds promising potential as an antiproliferative agent.
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15
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Biochemistry of mammalian ferritins in the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis and oxidative responses. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:352-362. [PMID: 32974854 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, an iron-storage protein, regulates cellular iron metabolism and oxidative stress. The ferritin structure is characterized as a spherical cage, inside which large amounts of iron are deposited in a safe, compact and bioavailable form. All ferritins readily catalyze Fe(II) oxidation by peroxides at the ferroxidase center to prevent free Fe(II) from participating in oxygen free radical formation via Fenton chemistry. Thus, ferritin is generally recognized as a cytoprotective stratagem against intracellular oxidative damage The expression of cytosolic ferritins is usually regulated by iron status and oxidative stress at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The mechanism of ferritin-mediated iron recycling is far from clarified, though nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) was recently identified as a cargo receptor for ferritin-based lysosomal degradation. Cytosolic ferritins are heteropolymers assembled by H- and L-chains in different proportions. The mitochondrial ferritins are homopolymers and distributed in restricted tissues. They play protective roles in mitochondria where heme- and Fe/S-enzymes are synthesized and high levels of ROS are produced. Genetic ferritin disorders are mainly related to the L-chain mutations, which generally cause severe movement diseases. This review is focused on the biochemistry and function of mammalian intracellular ferritin as the major iron-storage and anti-oxidation protein.
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