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Steiniche T, Georgsen JB, Meldgaard P, Deitz AC, Ayers M, Pietanza MC, Zu K. Molecular epidemiology study of programmed death ligand 1 and ligand 2 protein expression assessed by immunohistochemistry in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 13:1225820. [PMID: 38269020 PMCID: PMC10807038 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1225820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives Prevalence of tumor PD-L1 expression in extensive-stage small-cell lung cancer (ES-SCLC) is variable, and data on PD-L2 expression are limited. The prognostic values of these biomarkers are not well understood. The current study was conducted to address these data gaps. Methods A retrospective cohort study of Danish patients with histologically confirmed ES-SCLC and evaluable tumor samples who were receiving usual care before the introduction of immunotherapy was conducted. Protein expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 was determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) using the PD-L1 IHC 22C3 pharmDx assay and a PD-L2 IHC assay using a propriety mouse monoclonal antibody. A combined positive score (CPS) of ≥1 was used to define biomarker positivity. Kaplan-Meier plots and Cox proportional hazard models were employed to assess the relationship between PD-L1 and PD-L2 protein expression and OS. Results Among 80 patients, 31% (n=25) and 36% (n=29) had disease positive for PD-L1 and PD-L2, respectively. Overall, 85% (n=68) of patients had concordant PD-L1/PD-L2 status; 26% (n=21) had double positive disease (both PD-L1 and PD-L2 CPS ≥1) and 59% (n=47) had double negative disease (both PD-L1 and PD-L2 CPS <1). PD-L1 and PD-L2 positivity were each associated with longer OS (unadjusted hazard ratios [HRs], 0.35 [95% CI, 0.21-0.61] and 0.50 [95% CI, 0.31-0.82]); the associations persisted after adjustment for several known prognostic factors (HRs, 0.41 [95% CI, 0.22-0.75] and 0.44 [95% CI, 0.25-0.79] for PD-L1 and PD-L2 positivity, respectively). When evaluating OS in patients with double positive disease, unadjusted and adjusted HRs for double positive compared with double negative were similar to those with only PD-L1 or PD-L2 positivity (unadjusted HR, 0.36 [95% CI, 0.20-0.64]; adjusted HR, 0.36 [0.18-0.73]). Conclusion PD-L1 and PD-L2 positivity were observed in approximately one-third of assessed ES-SCLC tumor samples and were highly congruent. Patients with PD-L1 and PD-L2 positivity, alone or combined, were associated with longer OS, independent of other prognostic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torben Steiniche
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Meldgaard
- Department of Oncology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Mark Ayers
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
| | | | - Ke Zu
- Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, United States
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Schütte W, Gütz S, Nehls W, Blum TG, Brückl W, Buttmann-Schweiger N, Büttner R, Christopoulos P, Delis S, Deppermann KM, Dickgreber N, Eberhardt W, Eggeling S, Fleckenstein J, Flentje M, Frost N, Griesinger F, Grohé C, Gröschel A, Guckenberger M, Hecker E, Hoffmann H, Huber RM, Junker K, Kauczor HU, Kollmeier J, Kraywinkel K, Krüger M, Kugler C, Möller M, Nestle U, Passlick B, Pfannschmidt J, Reck M, Reinmuth N, Rübe C, Scheubel R, Schumann C, Sebastian M, Serke M, Stoelben E, Stuschke M, Thomas M, Tufman A, Vordermark D, Waller C, Wolf J, Wolf M, Wormanns D. [Prevention, Diagnosis, Therapy, and Follow-up of Lung Cancer - Interdisciplinary Guideline of the German Respiratory Society and the German Cancer Society - Abridged Version]. Pneumologie 2023; 77:671-813. [PMID: 37884003 DOI: 10.1055/a-2029-0134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The current S3 Lung Cancer Guidelines are edited with fundamental changes to the previous edition based on the dynamic influx of information to this field:The recommendations include de novo a mandatory case presentation for all patients with lung cancer in a multidisciplinary tumor board before initiation of treatment, furthermore CT-Screening for asymptomatic patients at risk (after federal approval), recommendations for incidental lung nodule management , molecular testing of all NSCLC independent of subtypes, EGFR-mutations in resectable early stage lung cancer in relapsed or recurrent disease, adjuvant TKI-therapy in the presence of common EGFR-mutations, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibitors in resected lung cancer with PD-L1 ≥ 50%, obligatory evaluation of PD-L1-status, consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition after radiochemotherapy in patients with PD-L1-pos. tumor, adjuvant consolidation treatment with checkpoint inhibition in patients withPD-L1 ≥ 50% stage IIIA and treatment options in PD-L1 ≥ 50% tumors independent of PD-L1status and targeted therapy and treatment option immune chemotherapy in first line SCLC patients.Based on the current dynamic status of information in this field and the turnaround time required to implement new options, a transformation to a "living guideline" was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Schütte
- Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Krankenhaus Martha Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle (Saale)
| | - Sylvia Gütz
- St. Elisabeth-Krankenhaus Leipzig, Abteilung für Innere Medizin I, Leipzig
| | - Wiebke Nehls
- Klinik für Palliativmedizin und Geriatrie, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring
| | - Torsten Gerriet Blum
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | - Wolfgang Brückl
- Klinik für Innere Medizin 3, Schwerpunkt Pneumologie, Klinikum Nürnberg Nord
| | | | - Reinhard Büttner
- Institut für Allgemeine Pathologie und Pathologische Anatomie, Uniklinik Köln, Berlin
| | | | - Sandra Delis
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | | | - Nikolas Dickgreber
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Thoraxonkologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Klinikum Rheine
| | | | - Stephan Eggeling
- Vivantes Netzwerk für Gesundheit, Klinikum Neukölln, Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Berlin
| | - Jochen Fleckenstein
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes und Medizinische Fakultät der Universität des Saarlandes, Homburg
| | - Michael Flentje
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Würzburg, Würzburg
| | - Nikolaj Frost
- Medizinische Klinik mit Schwerpunkt Infektiologie/Pneumologie, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin
| | - Frank Griesinger
- Klinik für Hämatologie und Onkologie, Pius-Hospital Oldenburg, Oldenburg
| | | | - Andreas Gröschel
- Klinik für Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Clemenshospital, Münster
| | | | | | - Hans Hoffmann
- Klinikum Rechts der Isar, TU München, Sektion für Thoraxchirurgie, München
| | - Rudolf M Huber
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Thorakale Onkologie, LMU Klinikum Munchen
| | - Klaus Junker
- Klinikum Oststadt Bremen, Institut für Pathologie, Bremen
| | - Hans-Ulrich Kauczor
- Klinikum der Universität Heidelberg, Abteilung Diagnostische Radiologie, Heidelberg
| | - Jens Kollmeier
- Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Klinik für Pneumologie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Berlin
| | | | - Marcus Krüger
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Halle-Dölau
| | | | - Miriam Möller
- Krankenhaus Martha-Maria Halle-Dölau, Klinik für Innere Medizin II, Halle-Dölau
| | - Ursula Nestle
- Kliniken Maria Hilf, Klinik für Strahlentherapie, Mönchengladbach
| | | | - Joachim Pfannschmidt
- Klinik für Thoraxchirurgie, Lungenklinik Heckeshorn, Helios Klinikum Emil von Behring, Berlin
| | - Martin Reck
- Lungeclinic Grosshansdorf, Pneumologisch-onkologische Abteilung, Grosshansdorf
| | - Niels Reinmuth
- Klinik für Pneumologie, Thorakale Onkologie, Asklepios Lungenklinik Gauting, Gauting
| | - Christian Rübe
- Klinik für Strahlentherapie und Radioonkologie, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Homburg/Saar, Homburg
| | | | | | - Martin Sebastian
- Medizinische Klinik II, Universitätsklinikum Frankfurt, Frankfurt
| | - Monika Serke
- Zentrum für Pneumologie und Thoraxchirurgie, Lungenklinik Hemer, Hemer
| | | | - Martin Stuschke
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen
| | - Michael Thomas
- Thoraxklinik am Univ.-Klinikum Heidelberg, Thorakale Onkologie, Heidelberg
| | - Amanda Tufman
- Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik V, Thorakale Onkologie, LMU Klinikum München
| | - Dirk Vordermark
- Universitätsklinik und Poliklinik für Strahlentherapie, Universitätsklinikum Halle, Halle
| | - Cornelius Waller
- Klinik für Innere Medizin I, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Freiburg
| | | | - Martin Wolf
- Klinikum Kassel, Klinik für Onkologie und Hämatologie, Kassel
| | - Dag Wormanns
- Evangelische Lungenklinik, Radiologisches Institut, Berlin
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Wang H, Xiao Y, Ren X, Wan D. Prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) in glioblastoma: a systematic review, meta-analysis and validation based on dataset. Bioengineered 2021; 12:10366-10378. [PMID: 34903133 PMCID: PMC8809998 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1996515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excellent prognostic value of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) is observed in patients with other cancers; however, the prognostic value of PD-L1 in glioblastoma (GBM) remains unclear. Therefore, this meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic value of PD-L1 in GBM. We performed a systematic search in databases to screen eligible articles. The hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) were extracted from included articles. This meta-analysis included 15 studies, and the forest plot indicated that increased PD-L1 expression was associated with poorer overall survival (OS) of GBM (HR, 1.16; 95% CI, 1.05-1.27; P = 0.002). Furthermore, stratified analysis confirmed that PD-L1 expression was associated with unfavorable OS at the protein level (HR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.13-1.48; P< 0.001) and messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) level (HR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09; P= 0.041). The analysis of a dataset verified the prognostic value of PD-L1 and revealed an association between PD-L1 mRNA expression and the status of isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH). In conclusion, increased PD-L1 expression predicts unfavorable OS in GBM and may be a promising prognostic biomarker of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Youchao Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xingguang Ren
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Tisco, Taiyuan, China
| | - Dahai Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Lee YS, Lim JH, Ryu W, Park MH, Kim L, Kim K, Kim WY, Nam HS. The clinical impact of three validated PD-L1 immunohistochemistry assays as a prognostic factor in small cell lung cancer. Transl Lung Cancer Res 2021; 10:2539-2550. [PMID: 34295660 PMCID: PMC8264325 DOI: 10.21037/tlcr-21-165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Evidence of the clinical impact of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression in small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is scarce and conflicting, even though atezolizumab became the first PD-L1 inhibitor approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in recent years for the initial treatment of extensive-stage (ES)-SCLC. Methods We investigated PD-L1 expression in SCLC tumors using the three validated PD-L1 immunohistochemistry (IHC) assays (SP263, SP142, and 22C3) and assessed the correlation between PD-L1 expression and clinicopathological factors to determine the prognostic value of PD-L1 expression. The three PD-L1 IHC analyses were prospectively used to assess tumor samples of patients with SCLC at diagnosis. Results Of the total of 59 patients, 47 patients received the active treatment beyond platinum-based chemotherapy at our institution. PD-L1 expression was positive in 39.0% with SP263, 37.3% with SP142, and 22.0% with 22C3. In a univariate analysis, the positive result of at least one of the three PD-L1 assays and the positive result of the SP142 assay were associated with longer overall survival (OS). A multivariable analysis confirmed that performance status, stage, and the SP142 assay were independent predictors of OS. In subgroup analysis, these results revealed more significant prognostic factors in ES than in limited-stage (LS). In patients with SCLC, especially those with ES, the expression of the SP142 assay is a significant independent prognostic factor. Conclusions Although these results need to be further validated in larger cohorts, this information will benefit clinicians and patients in determining the immunotherapy for patients with ES-SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Seok Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hyeok Lim
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Wookyung Ryu
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Mi Hwa Park
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Lucia Kim
- Department of Pathology, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kang Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheonsarang Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Woo Youl Kim
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Incheonsarang Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hae-Seong Nam
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Inha University School of Medicine, Incheon, Korea
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Hou W, Zhou X, Yi C, Zhu H. Immune Check Point Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Events in Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:604227. [PMID: 33816235 PMCID: PMC8016392 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.604227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a malignant solid tumor. In recent years, although immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) have achieved important advances in the treatment of SCLC, immune-related adverse events (irAEs) have occurred at the same time during the therapeutic period. Some irAEs lead to dose reduction or treatment rejection. The immune microenvironment of SCLC is complicated, therefore, understanding irAEs associated with ICIs is of great importance and necessity for the clinical management of SCLC. However, the lack of comprehensive understanding of irAEs in patients with SCLC remains remarkable. This review aims to provide an up-to-date overview of ICIs and their associated irAEs in patients with SCLC based on present clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanting Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohan Zhou
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Cheng Yi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Zhu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Puri S, Lok BH, Leighl N, Gray JE. Editorial: Update on the Biology, Management, and Treatment of Small Cell Lung Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:1783. [PMID: 33282719 PMCID: PMC7705219 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.01783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Puri
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, United States
| | - Benjamin H Lok
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Natasha Leighl
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
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