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Ng ZY, Manchanda R, Lopez A, Obermair A, Dostalek L, Pareja R, van Lonkhuijzen LRCW, Falconer H, Ortiz DI, Fagotti A, Ramirez PT, Landoni F, Weinberger V, Laky R, Kim SH, Klat J, Kocian R, Pari D, Borcinova M, Nemejcova K, Cibula D. The prognosis of stage IA cervical cancer: Subgroup analysis of the SCCAN study. Gynecol Oncol 2024; 191:95-99. [PMID: 39378742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2024.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2024] [Revised: 09/26/2024] [Accepted: 09/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Patients with TNM T1a cervical cancer have excellent prognosis; however, the risk for recurrence remains an issue of concern and management guidelines are based on limited data. Here we performed subgroup analysis of the Surveillance in Cervical Cancer (SCCAN) consortium with the objective of defining the prognosis of T1a cervical cancer patients. METHODS SCCAN was an international, multicentric, retrospective cohort study of patients with cervical cancer undergoing surgical treatment in tertiary centers. Inclusion criteria included: histologically confirmed cervical cancer treated between 2007 and 2016; TNM T1a; primary surgical management; and at least 1-year of follow-up data availability. Exclusion criteria included treatment with primary chemo-radiation, and missing treatment-related or clinical data. RESULTS Out of 975 patients included, 554 (57 %) were T1a1 and 421 (43 %) T1a2. The majority had squamous-cell carcinoma (78 %). 79 patients (8.1 %) had lymphovascular space invasion (LVSI). 455 patients (47 %) underwent radical hysterectomy/ parametrectomy. Laparoscopic and open surgery was performed in 401 (41 %) and in 361 (37 %) patients, respectively. Adjuvant treatment was administered to 56 patients (5.7 %). Assessment of lymph nodes (LN) was performed in 524 patients (54 %), with LN involvement found in 15 (2.9 %). There were 40 (4.1 %) recurrences, occurring at a median of 26 months (4-106), out of which 33 (82.5 %) occurred in pelvis. Among T1a1 cases, there were 10 recurrences (2.0 %) if LVSI was negative, and 3 recurrences (6.7 %) if LVSI was positive. Among T1a2 cases, there were 23 recurrences (6.7 %) if LVSI was negative, and 4 recurrences (5.1 %) if LVSI was positive. There were 3 recurrences in the LN+ group (recurrence rate 20 %). CONCLUSIONS The risk of recurrence in T1a cervical cancer was 4.1 % corresponding to the rates seen in patients with FIGO 1B cancer in recently published prospective trials. LN involvement represents a risk factor for disease recurrence. Our results indicate that stage T1a cervical cancer, apart from T1a1 LVSI negative disease, should follow the same principles in the management as that of FIGO stage 1B cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yuan Ng
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital (Central and Eastern European Gynecologic Oncology Group, CEEGOG), Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Gynaecological Oncology, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ranjit Manchanda
- Wolfson Institute of Preventive Medicine, Barts Cancer Centre, Queen Mary University of London, & Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Aldo Lopez
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, Lima, Peru
| | - Andreas Obermair
- Queensland Centre for Gynaecological Cancer, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Lukas Dostalek
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital (Central and Eastern European Gynecologic Oncology Group, CEEGOG), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Pareja
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, in Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Henrik Falconer
- Department of Pelvic Cancer, Karolinska University Hospital and Department of Women's and Children's Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Isla Ortiz
- Gynecology Oncology Center, National Institute of Cancerology Mexico, Mexico
| | - Anna Fagotti
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli, IRCCS, UOC Ginecologia Oncologica, Dipartimento per la salute della Donna e del Bambino e della Salute Pubblica, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro T Ramirez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fabio Landoni
- University of Milano-Bicocca, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Gynaecologic Oncology Surgical Unit, ASST-Monza, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Vit Weinberger
- University Hospital Brno, Medical Faculty of Masaryk University, Czech Republic
| | - Rene Laky
- Gynecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jaroslav Klat
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital and University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Kocian
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital (Central and Eastern European Gynecologic Oncology Group, CEEGOG), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Darwin Pari
- Department of Gynecological Surgery, National Institute of Neoplastic Diseases, Lima, Peru
| | - Martina Borcinova
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital (Central and Eastern European Gynecologic Oncology Group, CEEGOG), Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Kristyna Nemejcova
- Department of Pathology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Cibula
- Gynecologic Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital (Central and Eastern European Gynecologic Oncology Group, CEEGOG), Prague, Czech Republic.
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Alonso-Espías M, Gorostidi M, García-Pineda V, Gracia M, Diestro MD, Siegrist J, Zapardiel I, Hernández A. Survival Impact of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Patients with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer. Reprod Sci 2024; 31:3066-3073. [PMID: 39192065 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-024-01687-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
To assess whether there were statistically significant differences in terms of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) between pelvic lymphadenectomy (PL) and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) alone as a nodal assessment method in patients with early-stage cervical cancer (IA1 with ILV to IB2 or IIA1 of the FIGO 2018 classification). A retrospective study was conducted among patients with early-stage cervical cancer who underwent radical surgery with pelvic lymph node assessment at La Paz University Hospital between 2005 and 2022. For nodal staging, either PL, SLNB + PL, or exclusive SLNB were performed, depending on the time period. Kaplan-Meier survival curves were compared between the PL and SLNB groups. Predictors of bilateral sentinel lymph node (SLN) detection were identified with Cox proportional hazard models. Among the 128 patients included, PL ± SLNB was performed in 79 (61.7%) patients and exclusive SLNB in 49 (38.3%) patients. There was no difference between PL and SLNB in OS (log-rank 0.0730) or PFS (log-rank 0.0189). Lower limb lymphedema (LLL) was significantly lower in the SLNB group (p = 0.001). Pelvic nodal assessment with SLNB alone did not worsen survival rates compared with the standard PL in patients with early-stage cervical cancer, and it is associated with a lower rate of LLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Alonso-Espías
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mikel Gorostidi
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Donostia University Hospital, Begiristain Doktorea Pasealekua, S/N, 20014, Donostia, Gipuzkoa, Spain.
| | - Virginia García-Pineda
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Myriam Gracia
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Diestro
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime Siegrist
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ignacio Zapardiel
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alicia Hernández
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, La Paz University Hospital, Paseo de La Castellana 261, 28046, Madrid, Spain
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3
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Togami S, Furuzono N, Mizuno M, Yanazume S, Kobayashi H. Long-term outcomes of sentinel lymph node navigation surgery for early-stage cervical cancer. Int J Clin Oncol 2024:10.1007/s10147-024-02605-0. [PMID: 39222147 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02605-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/04/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node navigation surgery, which identifies the sentinel lymph node in early cervical cancers and omits systemic pelvic lymphadenectomy in cases where no lymph node metastasis is present, has recently gained attention. However, there are few reports on lymph node recurrence and the long-term outcomes of cervical cancer surgery performed using sentinel lymph node navigation surgery. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the long-term outcomes of sentinel node navigation surgery for early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS One hundred thirty-eight patients with cervical cancer were enrolled. Sentinel lymph nodes were identified by injecting 99 m Technetium-labeled phytate and indocyanine green into the uterine cervix. Surgery and survival outcomes were also analyzed. RESULTS The median age and body mass index of the patients were 40 years (20-78) and 21.7 kg/m2 (16.5-50.4), respectively. Open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, and robotic surgery were performed in 77 (56%), 53 (38%), and 8 (6%) patients, respectively. The overall and bilateral detection rates of the sentinel lymph node were 100% and 94%, respectively. Only one case (0.7%) exhibited lower extremity lymphedema, and pelvic lymphocele was observed in three cases (2.2%). Four cases (3%) experienced recurrence over a median follow-up of 57.5 months (range, 2-115 months), with five-year recurrence-free and overall survival rates of 97% and 97.3%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that sentinel node navigation surgery may be safe and effective for early-stage cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinichi Togami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Nozomi Furuzono
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mika Mizuno
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shintaro Yanazume
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Kagoshima University, Sakuragaoka 8-35-1, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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Smyth SL, Jackson E, Sadeghi N, Pappa C, Ghanbarzadeh N, Pinelli C, Pubudu P, Dhar S, Traill Z, Serra P, Laganà AS, Alazzam M. Efficacy and Diagnostic Reliability of Intraoperative Frozen Section in the Surgical Management of Early-Stage Cervical Cancer. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2024:1-14. [PMID: 39191221 DOI: 10.1159/000541096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study of this study was to evaluate preoperative radiology and histopathology findings in cervical cancer lymphadenopathy detection, allowing targeted frozen section examination (FSE). DESIGN A retrospective analysis was conducted of 203 early-stage cervical cancer patients between 2010 and 2019 in a tertiary centre. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, AND METHODS All patients had histologically confirmed cervical cancer and underwent magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) prior to intraoperative FSE. The primary objectives of the study were to determine the diagnostic accuracy of intraoperative FSE in the identification of lymph node metastases (LNM) in early-stage cervical cancer by correlation with final results obtained using standard histopathology techniques and to examine different preoperative, intraoperative, demographic, radiological, and histopathological factors that could identify those at greatest risk of nodal disease and hence predict those most likely to benefit from FSE, enabling more selective and targeted use. RESULTS Nineteen patients were found to have LNM (9.36%) at FSE. Patients were at increased risk of LNM by 6-fold with positive LVSI, 3-fold with MRI lymphadenopathy, and 3.5-fold with MRI-visible disease. The presence of lymphadenopathy on MRI and positive LVSI in combination increased the risk of LNM by 19-fold. LIMITATIONS We acknowledge that FSE is expensive and time intensive, exposing patients to increased surgery duration and associated risk. We also recognize that it may not be feasible for all patients. Finally, the analysis is limited by retrospective nature of the study. CONCLUSIONS By application of the preoperative risk stratification algorithm, we may suggest that FSE can be a useful tool in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Louise Smyth
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Edward Jackson
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Negin Sadeghi
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Christina Pappa
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Nahid Ghanbarzadeh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ciro Pinelli
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology Department of the University of Insubria, Women's and Children Del Ponte Hospital, Varese, Italy
| | - Pathiraja Pubudu
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Sunanda Dhar
- Department of Cellular Pathology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Zoe Traill
- Department of Radiology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Pietro Serra
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), "Paolo Giaccone" Hospital, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Moiad Alazzam
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Churchill Cancer Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
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5
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Caruso G, Wagar MK, Hsu HC, Hoegl J, Rey Valzacchi GM, Fernandes A, Cucinella G, Sahin Aker S, Jayraj AS, Mauro J, Pareja R, Ramirez PT. Cervical cancer: a new era. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2024:ijgc-2024-005579. [PMID: 39117381 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2024-005579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a major global health issue, ranking as the fourth most common cancer in women worldwide. Depending on stage, histology, and patient factors, the standard management of cervical cancer is a combination of treatment approaches, including (fertility- or non-fertility-sparing) surgery, radiotherapy, platinum-based chemotherapy, and novel systemic therapies such as bevacizumab, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates. While ambitious global initiatives seek to eliminate cervical cancer as a public health problem, the management of cervical cancer continues to evolve with major advances in imaging modalities, surgical approaches, identification of histopathological risk factors, radiotherapy techniques, and biomarker-driven personalized therapies. In particular, the introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors has dramatically altered the treatment of cervical cancer, leading to significant survival benefits in both locally advanced and metastatic/recurrent settings. As the landscape of cervical cancer therapies continues to evolve, the aim of the present review is to provide a comprehensive discussion of the current state and the latest practice-changing updates in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Caruso
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, European Institute of Oncology (IEO), IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Matthew K Wagar
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Heng-Cheng Hsu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Surgery, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jorge Hoegl
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Gynecological Oncology, Clínica Maternidad Santa Ana, IVSS, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
| | | | - Andreina Fernandes
- Laboratorio de Genética Molecular, Instituto de Oncología y Hematología, Caracas, Venezuela, Bolivarian Republic of
| | - Giuseppe Cucinella
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori IRCCS "Fondazione G. Pascale", Naples, Italy
| | - Seda Sahin Aker
- Gynecologic Oncology, Kayseri City Education and Research Hospital, Kayseri, Turkey
- Clinical Anatomy, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aarthi S Jayraj
- South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, James Cook University, Middlesbrough, UK
| | - Jessica Mauro
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, Verduno, Italy
| | - Rene Pareja
- Gynecology, Gynecologic Oncology, Clinica ASTORGA, Medellin, and Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Pedro T Ramirez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Sznurkowski JJ, Bodnar L, Szylberg Ł, Zołciak-Siwinska A, Dańska-Bidzińska A, Klasa-Mazurkiewicz D, Rychlik A, Kowalik A, Streb J, Bidziński M, Sawicki W. The Polish Society of Gynecological Oncology Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Cancer (v2024.0). J Clin Med 2024; 13:4351. [PMID: 39124620 PMCID: PMC11313441 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13154351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: Recent publications underscore the need for updated recommendations addressing less radical surgery for <2 cm tumors, induction chemotherapy, or immunotherapy for locally advanced stages of cervical cancer, as well as for the systemic therapy for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer. Aim: To summarize the current evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of cervical cancer and provide evidence-based clinical practice recommendations. Methods: Developed according to AGREE II standards, the guidelines classify scientific evidence based on the Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System criteria. Recommendations are graded by evidence strength and consensus level from the development group. Key Results: (1) Early-Stage Cancer: Stromal invasion and lymphovascular space involvement (LVSI) from pretreatment biopsy identify candidates for surgery, particularly for simple hysterectomy. (2) Surgical Approach: Minimally invasive surgery is not recommended, except for T1A, LVSI-negative tumors, due to a reduction in life expectancy. (3) Locally Advanced Cancer: concurrent chemoradiation (CCRT) followed by brachytherapy (BRT) is the cornerstone treatment. Low-risk patients (fewer than two metastatic nodes or FIGO IB2-II) may consider induction chemotherapy (ICT) followed by CCRT and BRT after 7 days. High-risk patients (two or more metastatic nodes or FIGO IIIA, IIIB, and IVA) benefit from pembrolizumab with CCRT and maintenance therapy. (4) Metastatic, Persistent, and Recurrent Cancer: A PD-L1 status from pretreatment biopsy identifies candidates for Pembrolizumab with available systemic treatment, while triplet therapy (Atezolizumab/Bevacizumab/chemotherapy) becomes a PD-L1-independent option. Conclusions: These evidence-based guidelines aim to improve clinical outcomes through precise treatment strategies based on individual risk factors, predictors, and disease stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek J. Sznurkowski
- Profesor Sznurkowski Podmiot Leczniczy, ul. Stefana Żeromskiego 23A, 81-246 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Lubomir Bodnar
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, University of Siedlce, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland;
- Department of Clinical Oncology and Radiotherapy, Siedlce Cancer Center, 08-110 Siedlce, Poland
| | - Łukasz Szylberg
- Department of Tumor Pathology and Pathomorphology, Oncology Centre Prof. Franciszek Łukaszczyk Memorial Hospital, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-168 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Zołciak-Siwinska
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.-S.); (A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Anna Dańska-Bidzińska
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Second Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Klasa-Mazurkiewicz
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 80-210 Gdańsk, Poland;
| | - Agnieszka Rychlik
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.-S.); (A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Artur Kowalik
- Department of Molecular Diagnostics, Holy Cross Cancer Center, 25-734 Kielce, Poland;
- Division of Medical Biology, Institute of Biology, Jan Kochanowski University, 25-406 Kielce, Poland
| | - Joanna Streb
- Department of Oncology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-008 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Bidziński
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781 Warsaw, Poland; (A.Z.-S.); (A.R.); (M.B.)
| | - Włodzimierz Sawicki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecological Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Thareja G, Salvioni A, Lauzeral-Vizcaino F, Halabi N, Mery-Lamarche E, Thebault N, Scarlata CM, Michelas M, Navarro AS, Ferron G, Lecuru F, Mathevet P, Khalifa J, Ayyoub M, Rafii A, Martinez A. Assessing the implications of sentinel lymph node removal in cervical cancer: an immunogenetic perspective - a SENTICOL ancillary study. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e008734. [PMID: 39009451 PMCID: PMC11253764 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-008734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer's lymphatic spread primarily begins from the sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs), underlining their pivotal role in disease metastasis. However, these nodes' immune gene expression profiles and immunoregulation mechanisms have yet to be explored. METHODS Our study aimed to elucidate the immune cell populations and their roles in the immune gene expression profile of negative SLNs compared with positive SLNs and non-SLNs using Nanostring RNA seq analysis. We performed a principal component analysis on the log2 normalized expression of 685 endogenous genes in the nCounter PanCancer Immune Profiling Panel, followed by an assessment of the differential expression of genes and immune cell type abundance. RESULTS We found significant variations in gene expression among the groups, with negative SLNs displaying overexpression of genes related to tumor-infiltrating immune cells, specifically innate cell populations. They also demonstrated the upregulation of genes involved in antigen presentation and T-cell priming. In contrast, positive SLNs were enriched in regulatory networks, suggesting their potential role in immune evasion. A comparison of negative SLNs and non-SLNs revealed increased innate and adaptive immune cell types, underscoring the ongoing T cell response to tumor antigens. CONCLUSION Our findings underscore a specific immunogenetic phenotype profile in negative SLNs, emphasizing their crucial role in the initial anticancer response, immunosurveillance, and the propagation of immune tolerance from the primary cervical tumor. These results highlight the potential of SLNs as a novel target for immunotherapy strategies and underscore the importance of new imaging methods for accurately identifying SLN status without removal. Future investigations are needed to understand further the immunological interplay within SLNs and their influence on cervical cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Salvioni
- Centre de recherche en cancerologie de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | - Eliane Mery-Lamarche
- Pathology Department, Oncopole Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Noemie Thebault
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Clara-Maria Scarlata
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Marie Michelas
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Navarro
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncopole Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Gwenaël Ferron
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncopole Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Lecuru
- Gynecologic Oncology Department, Institut Curie, Paris, France
- Paris Cité University, Paris, France
| | - Patrice Mathevet
- Gynecology Department, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Khalifa
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Radiotherapy Department, Oncopole Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Maha Ayyoub
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Alejandra Martinez
- Centre de Recherches en Cancérologie de Toulouse INSERM UMR1037, Toulouse, France
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncopole Claudius Regaud, Institut Universitaire du Cancer Toulouse Oncopole, Toulouse, France
- Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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8
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Tanaka T, Nishie R, Murakami H, Tsuchihashi H, Toji A, Ueda S, Morita N, Hashida S, Terada S, Maruoka H, Taniguchi K, Komura K, Ohmichi M. Oncologic Outcomes of Patients with Early-Stage Cervical Cancer after Minimally Invasive Radical Hysterectomy and Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy. J Clin Med 2024; 13:3981. [PMID: 38999545 PMCID: PMC11242828 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13133981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The sentinel lymph node is the first node that cancer cells reach when migrating from the primary site. However, oncological outcomes after sentinel lymph node biopsy (SNB) have not been reported for cervical cancer. In this study, oncological outcomes were compared between patients receiving SNB and pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLD) for early-stage cervical cancer. Methods: One hundred and four patients with clinical stage 1A2, 1B1, and 2A1 cervical cancer were included in this study. All patients underwent laparoscopic or robot-assisted radical hysterectomy with SNB or PLD. Fifty-two patients with tumors ≤2 cm underwent SNB. Disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the groups. Results: The median (interquartile range) tumor size was 12 (7-20) mm in the SNB group and 20 (13-25) mm in the PLD group. Lymph node metastasis occurred in one patient in the SNB group and in nine patients in the PLD group. The median follow-up periods were 42 (24-60) and 82 (19-101) months in the SNB group and PLD group, respectively. The 3-year DFS rates were 100% in SNB and 91.5% in PLD. The 3-year OS was 100% in both groups. Conclusions: SNB was sufficient in cervical cancer patients with tumors ≤2 cm, suggesting that PLD might not be necessary for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomohito Tanaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Ruri Nishie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Hikaru Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiromitsu Tsuchihashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Akihiko Toji
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Shoko Ueda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Natsuko Morita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Sousuke Hashida
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Shinichi Terada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Hiroshi Maruoka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
| | - Kohei Taniguchi
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Kazumasa Komura
- Center for Medical Research & Development, Division of Translational Research, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (K.T.); (K.K.)
| | - Masahide Ohmichi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Educational Foundation of Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki 569-8686, Osaka, Japan; (R.N.); (H.M.); (H.T.); (A.T.); (S.U.); (N.M.); (S.H.); (S.T.); (H.M.); (M.O.)
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9
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Śniadecki M, Guani B, Jaworek P, Klasa-Mazurkiewicz D, Mahiou K, Mosakowska K, Buda A, Poniewierza P, Piątek O, Crestani A, Stasiak M, Balaya V, Musielak O, Piłat L, Maliszewska K, Aristei C, Guzik P, Wojtylak S, Liro M, Gaillard T, Kocian R, Gołąbiewska A, Chmielewska Z, Wydra D. Tertiary prevention strategies for micrometastatic lymph node cervical cancer: A systematic review and a prototype of an adapted model of care. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104329. [PMID: 38527594 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE We found a need for balancing the application of clinical guidelines and tailored approaches to follow-up of cervical cancer (CC) patients in the lymph node micrometastatic (MICs) setting. This review aimed to determine the current knowledge of management of MIC-positive CC cases. METHODOLOGY We addressed prognostic and risk of recurrence monitoring impacts associated with MIC+ cases. The electronic databases for literature and relevant articles were analysed. RESULTS Fifteen studies, (4882 patients), were included in our systematic review. While the results show that MICs significantly worsen prognosis in early CC. A tertiary prevention algorithm for low volume lymph node disease may stratify follow-up according to the burden of nodal disease and provide data that helps improve follow-up performance. CONCLUSION MICs worsen prognosis and should be managed as suggested by the algorithm. However, this algorithm must be externally validated. The clinical impact of isolated tumor cells (ITC) remains unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Śniadecki
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Benedetta Guani
- Hospital of Fribourg HFR, Chemin des Pensionnats 2/6, Villars-sur-Glâne 1752, Switzerland
| | - Paulina Jaworek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - Katia Mahiou
- Breast, Gynaecology and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Karolina Mosakowska
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Alessandro Buda
- Department of Gynaecology Oncology, Michele e Pietro Ferrero Hospital, Verduno, Italy
| | | | - Olga Piątek
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Adrien Crestani
- Department of Gynaecological Surgery, Hospital Tenon, Paris, France
| | - Maria Stasiak
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Vincent Balaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Félix Guyon Hospital, CHU La Réunion, La Reunion Island, France
| | - Oliwia Musielak
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Transplant and General Surgery, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Luiza Piłat
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Karolina Maliszewska
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Cynthia Aristei
- Radiation Oncology Section, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia and Perugia General Hospital, Sant'Andrea delle Fratte, Perugia, Italy
| | - Paweł Guzik
- Clinical Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, City Hospital Rzeszów, Rzeszów, Poland
| | - Szymon Wojtylak
- Department of Pathology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marcin Liro
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Thomas Gaillard
- Department of Surgery, Institute Curie, University Paris Cite, Paris, France
| | - Roman Kocian
- Department of Gynaecology, Obstetrics and Neonatology, General University Hospital and First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Gołąbiewska
- Department of Environmental Technology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Chmielewska
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Dariusz Wydra
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
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10
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Vemula Venkata VL, Hulikal N, Chowhan AK. Effectiveness of sentinel lymph node biopsy and bilateral pelvic nodal dissection using methylene blue dye in early-stage operable cervical cancer-A prospective study. Cancer Treat Res Commun 2024; 39:100816. [PMID: 38714022 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctarc.2024.100816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of methylene blue dye in detecting sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) in women with early-stage operable (defined as FIGO I-IIA) cervical cancer. It also aims to evaluate procedural challenges and accuracy. METHOD This prospective study, which focused on 20 women with early-stage cervical cancer, was carried out between June 2016 and December 2017. These patients had SLN mapping with methylene blue dye injections and thorough examinations, including imaging. All patients underwent radical hysterectomy and complete bilateral pelvic lymphadenectomy. No additional investigation was done on the lymph node in cases where a metastasis was found in the first H&E-stained segment of the sentinel node. RESULT 20 patients were included in the analysis. The median age of the subjects was 53, and 95 % of them had squamous cell carcinoma. 90 % of the time, the identification of SLNs was effective, and 55 SLNs were found, of which 52.7 % were on the right side of the pelvis and 47.3 % on the left. The obturator group had the most nodes, followed by the external and internal iliac groups in descending order of occurrence. Metastasis was detected in 3 patients, resulting in a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 93.75 % for SLN biopsy. Notably, no false-negative SLNs were found. Complications related to methylene blue usage included urine discoloration in 30 % of patients. CONCLUSION This trial highlights the promising efficacy and safety of methylene blue dye alone for SLN identification in early-stage operable cervical cancer, with a notably higher success rate. Despite limitations like a small sample size, healthcare professionals and researchers can build upon the insights from this study to enhance cervical cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijaya Lakshmi Vemula Venkata
- Department of Surgical Oncology, St Johns Medical College and Hospital, Johnnagara, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560034, India.
| | - Narendra Hulikal
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Sri Venkateswara Institute of Medical Sciences, Tirupati, Andhra Pradesh, India
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11
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Yoo JG, Lee SJ, Nam EJ, No JH, Park JY, Song JY, Shin SJ, Yun BS, Park ST, Lee SH, Suh DH, Kim YB, Lee TS, Bae JM, Lee KH. Clinical practice guidelines for cervical cancer: the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology guidelines. J Gynecol Oncol 2024; 35:e44. [PMID: 38389404 PMCID: PMC10948982 DOI: 10.3802/jgo.2024.35.e44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This fifth revised version of the Korean Society of Gynecologic Oncology practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer incorporates recent research findings and changes in treatment strategies based on version 4.0 released in 2020. Each key question was developed by focusing on recent notable insights and crucial contemporary issues in the field of cervical cancer. These questions were evaluated for their significance and impact on the current treatment and were finalized through voting by the development committee. The selected key questions were as follows: the efficacy and safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors as first- or second-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic cervical cancer; the oncologic safety of minimally invasive radical hysterectomy in early stage cervical cancer; the efficacy and safety of adjuvant systemic treatment after concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer; and the oncologic safety of sentinel lymph node mapping compared to pelvic lymph node dissection. The recommendations, directions, and strengths of this guideline were based on systematic reviews and meta-analyses, and were finally confirmed through public hearings and external reviews. In this study, we describe the revised practice guidelines for the management of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Geun Yoo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Sung Jong Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Ji Nam
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Women's Medical Life Science, Yonsei Cancer Center, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hong No
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Jeong Yeol Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Yun Song
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So-Jin Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Bo Seong Yun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHA Ilsan Medical Center, CHA University, Goyang, Korea
| | - Sung Taek Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - San-Hui Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea
| | - Taek Sang Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul Metropolitan Government Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Man Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hanyang University Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun Ho Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea.
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12
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Parpinel G, Laas-Faron E, Balaya V, Guani B, Zola P, Mathevet P, Paoletti X, Lecuru FR. Survival after sentinel lymph node biopsy for early cervical cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1853-1860. [PMID: 37696646 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sentinel lymph node biopsy represents an alternative to pelvic lymphadenectomy for lymph node staging of early-stage cervical carcinoma, but prospective evidence on long-term oncological safety of sentinel lymph node biopsy alone versus pelvic lymphadenectomy is missing. OBJECTIVE To investigate, with this meta-analysis, the impact of sentinel lymph node biopsy alone versus pelvic lymphadenectomy on survival for patients with early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS A systematic literature review was performed. We excluded studies in which pelvic lymphadenectomy was systematically performed after every sentinel lymph node biopsy, including only articles where pelvic lymphadenectomy was performed because sentinel lymph node biopsy was not conclusive. A meta-analysis was carried out combining 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival rates with a random and fixed effect model. Heterogeneity was tested using the Cochran Χ2 test and quantified with Higgins information I2. RESULTS The search of databases and registers found 927 items and six articles (two retrospective and four prospective). The median time of follow-up was 34.8 months (range 13-53). Overall common effect disease-free survival was 98% while random effect disease-free survival was 94%. Overall heterogeneity was 77%. A subgroup analysis was applied, dividing studies into one group including sentinel lymph node biopsy negative data only (common effect disease-free survival 91%; random effect disease-free survival 90%), and one group with a negative and positive sentinel lymph node biopsy (common effect disease-free survival 98%; random effect disease-free survival 96%). In the analysis of overall survival, positive and negative sentinel lymph node biopsy cases were examined together (common and random effect overall survival 99%). Ultrastaging did not affect disease-free survival (common and random effect disease-free survival 92% in the ultrastaging group vs common effect disease-free survival 99% and random effect disease-free survival 96% in the non-ultrastaging group). CONCLUSIONS Both 5-year disease-free survival and overall survival rate after sentinel lymph node biopsy alone are higher than 90% and do not differ from pelvic lymphadenectomy survival data. Ultrastaging did not impact survival.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Enora Laas-Faron
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Institute Curie, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Balaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Felix Guyon Hospital - CHU Nord Réunion, La Réunion Island, France
| | - Benedetta Guani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital of Fribourg, Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Paolo Zola
- Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; University of Turin; Turin; Italy, Turin, Gynecology, Italy
| | - Patrice Mathevet
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois Departement de gynecologie-obstetrique et genetique medicale, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Paoletti
- Inserm U900, équipe de statistique pour la médecine de précision (STAMPM), Institut Curie, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Fabrice R Lecuru
- Breast, Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Institute Curie, Paris, France
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13
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Pache B, Tantari M, Guani B, Mathevet P, Magaud L, Lecuru F, Balaya V. Predictors of Non-Sentinel Lymph Node Metastasis in Patients with Positive Sentinel Lymph Node in Early-Stage Cervical Cancer: A SENTICOL GROUP Study. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4737. [PMID: 37835431 PMCID: PMC10571801 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15194737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The goal of this study was to identify the risk factors for metastasis in the remaining non-sentinel lymph nodes (SLN) in the case of positive SLN in early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS An ancillary analysis of two prospective multicentric databases on SLN biopsy for cervical cancer (SENTICOL I and II) was performed. Patients with early-stage cervical cancer (FIGO 2018 IA to IIA1), with bilateral SLN detection and at least one positive SLN after ultrastaging, were included. RESULTS 405 patients were included in SENTICOL I and Il. Fifty-two patients had bilateral SLN detection and were found to have SLN metastasis. After pelvic lymphadenectomy, metastatic involvement of non-SLN was diagnosed in 7 patients (13.5%). Patients with metastatic non-SLN were older (51.9 vs. 40.8 years, p = 0.01), had more often lympho-vascular space invasion (LVSI) (85.7% vs. 35.6%, p = 0.03), and had more often parametrial involvement (42.9% vs. 6.7%, p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis retained age (OR = 1.16, 95% IC = [1.01-1.32], p = 0.03) and LVSI (OR = 25.97, 95% IC = [1.16-582.1], p = 0.04) as independently associated with non-SLN involvement. CONCLUSIONS Age and LVSI seemed to be predictive of non-SLN metastasis in patients with SLN metastasis in early-stage cervical cancer. Larger cohorts are needed to confirm the results and clinical usefulness of such findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basile Pache
- Department Women-Mother-Child, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Gynecology Department, Fribourg University Hospital, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Matteo Tantari
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ospedale Villa Scassi-ASL3, Metropolitan Area of Genoa, 16149 Genoa, Italy
| | - Benedetta Guani
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Gynecology Department, Fribourg University Hospital, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Patrice Mathevet
- Department Women-Mother-Child, Gynecology and Obstetrics Unit, Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), 1005 Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Lausanne (UNIL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Magaud
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Department, Public Health Center, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-69003 Lyon, France
| | - Fabrice Lecuru
- Breast, Gynecology and Reconstructive Surgery Unit, Institut Curie, Paris University, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Vincent Balaya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Felix Guyon Hospital, University Hospital La Réunion, F-97490 Saint-Denis, France
- University of La Réunion, F-97744 Saint-Denis, France
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14
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Mauro J, Viveros-Carreño D, Vizzielli G, De Ponti E, Fanfani F, Ramirez PT, Buda A. Survival after sentinel node biopsy alone in early-stage cervical cancer: a systematic review. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2023; 33:1370-1375. [PMID: 37586759 DOI: 10.1136/ijgc-2023-004692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the oncologic outcomes of sentinel lymph node biopsy alone as part of surgical management in patients with early-stage cervical cancer. METHODS A systematic search of the literature was performed following the PRISMA checklist. MEDLINE (through PubMed), EMBASE, and Scopus databases were searched from June 1991 to May 2023. Studies of women with early-stage cervical cancer International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) 2009 stage IA-IIA, of any age or histology, and articles only in English language were included. After the removal of duplicates, only articles including sentinel node mapping alone compared with full pelvic lymphadenectomy were retained. RESULTS Four studies with a total of 2226 patients were included. Among these, 354 (15.9%) underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy alone. A total of 2210 (99.2%) patients had FIGO 2009 stage I disease and 1514 (68%) patients had squamous cell carcinoma. Median body mass index was 25.5 kg/m2 (range 23.5-27). Lymph vascular space invasion was present in 633 patients (34%) who underwent full lymphadenectomy and in 78 patients (22%) who underwent sentinel node biopsy alone. The results of the survival analysis showed that there was no significant difference in the 3-year progression-free survival rates of patients who underwent either sentinel biopsy alone or lymphadenectomy. Three-year recurrence-free survival was 93.1% (95% CI 28.3% to 64.7%) for patients who underwent sentinel node biopsy alone and 92.5% (95% CI 39.0% to 53.4%) for patients who underwent sentinel node biopsy and lymphadenectomy (p=0.773). CONCLUSIONS In patients with early-stage cervical cancer, performing sentinel lymph node biopsy alone compared with pelvic lymphadenectomy does not appear to independently confer a higher risk or recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Mauro
- Gynecologic Oncology, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, Verduno, Italy
- University of Udine, Udine, Italy
| | - David Viveros-Carreño
- Gynecologic Oncology, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología, Bogota, Colombia
- Gynecologic Oncology, Clínica Universitaria Colombia and Centro de Tratamiento e Investigación sobre Cáncer Luis Carlos Sarmiento Angulo - CTIC, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Giuseppe Vizzielli
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Udine, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Udine, Italy
| | - Elena De Ponti
- Department of Physical Medicine, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza, Italy
| | - Francesco Fanfani
- Gynecologic Oncology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Pedro T Ramirez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Alessandro Buda
- Gynecologic Oncology, Ospedale Michele e Pietro Ferrero, Verduno, Italy
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15
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Van Trappen P. Robotic para-aortic sentinel lymph node mapping in endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol 2023; 90:102402. [PMID: 37619486 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2023.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
The concept of pelvic sentinel lymph node mapping has been well-investigated in endometrial and cervical cancer. A variety of tracers have been used including blue dye, technetium-99-m (Tc-99 m), and fluorescent tracer indocyanine green. Pelvic sentinel lymph node mapping has shown its safety, efficacy, and diagnostic accuracy, with high sensitivity and negative predictive value of more than 90%, in retrospective cohort studies as well as in prospective trials for robotic surgery. The concept of pelvic sentinel lymph node biopsy has been incorporated in several international guidelines in early-stage endometrial cancer and a subgroup of early-stage cervical cancer, although survival data are still needed to confirm its standard use. The application of para-aortic sentinel lymph node mapping is still in a development phase, but its detection rate and diagnostic accuracy seem to be promising in initial studies. Here, an overview is given of the recent developments in the different methodologies used for identifying para-aortic sentinel lymph nodes in endometrial, cervical, and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Van Trappen
- Department of Gynecology and Gynecological Oncology, AZ Sint-Jan Bruges-Ostend AV, Ruddershove 10, 8000, Bruges, Belgium.
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Dicu-Andreescu IG, Marincaș AM, Ungureanu VG, Ionescu SO, Prunoiu VM, Brătucu E, Simion L. Current Therapeutic Approaches in Cervical Cancer Based on the Stage of the Disease: Is There Room for Improvement? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:1229. [PMID: 37512041 PMCID: PMC10384945 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59071229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer continues to be among the most common malignancies in women, and in recent decades, important measures have been taken to reduce its incidence. The first and most important steps to achieve this goal are oriented toward prevention through screening programs and vaccination, mainly against oncogenic human papillomavirus (HPV) strains 16 and 18. The therapeutic approach is based on the diagnosis and treatment guidelines for cervical cancer, which establish for each stage (FIGO, TNM) specific conduct. These guidelines summarize quite precisely the elements of therapeutic practice, but, in some places, they leave optional variants based on which nuanced approaches could be established. Adherence to these guidelines, which include the performing of minor or major surgery, with or without chemotherapy and radiation therapy, combined with advanced imaging investigations, has been able to lead to a substantial increase in survival. The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the diagnosis and treatment options in cervical cancer depending on the histological type, FIGO staging, and patient performance index, taking into account the hospital resources available in middle-income countries (percentage of gross domestic product allocated to health services around 5.5%, in the case of Romania).
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Affiliation(s)
- Irinel-Gabriel Dicu-Andreescu
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Oncological Institute "Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Augustin-Marian Marincaș
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Oncological Institute "Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Victor-Gabriel Ungureanu
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Sînziana-Octavia Ionescu
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Oncological Institute "Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Virgiliu-Mihail Prunoiu
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Oncological Institute "Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Eugen Brătucu
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Oncological Institute "Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurențiu Simion
- Clinical Department No 10, General Surgery, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Carol Davila", 050474 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Oncological Institute "Alexandru Trestioreanu", 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Chiofalo B, Laganà AS, Ghezzi F, Certelli C, Casarin J, Bruno V, Sperduti I, Chiantera V, Peitsidis P, Vizza E. Beyond Sentinel Lymph Node: Outcomes of Indocyanine Green-Guided Pelvic Lymphadenectomy in Endometrial and Cervical Cancer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:3476. [PMID: 36834170 PMCID: PMC9963568 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20043476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of our study was to compare the number of lymph nodes removed during indocyanine green (ICG)-guided laparoscopic/robotic pelvic lymphadenectomy with standard systematic lymphadenectomy in endometrial cancer (EC) and cervical cancer (CC). METHODS This is a multicenter retrospective comparative study (Clinical Trial ID: NCT04246580; updated on 31 January 2023). Women affected by EC and CC who underwent laparoscopic/robotic systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy, with (cases) or without (controls) the use of ICG tracer injection within the uterine cervix, were included in the study. RESULTS The two groups were homogeneous for age (p = 0.08), Body Mass Index, International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stages (p = 0.41 for EC; p = 0.17 for CC), median estimated blood loss (p = 0.76), median operative time (p = 0.59), and perioperative complications (p = 0.66). Nevertheless, the number of lymph nodes retrieved during surgery was significantly higher (p = 0.005) in the ICG group (n = 18) compared with controls (n = 16). CONCLUSIONS The accurate and precise dissection achieved with the use of the ICG-guided procedure was associated with a higher number of lymph nodes removed in the case of systematic pelvic lymphadenectomy for EC and CC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benito Chiofalo
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio Simone Laganà
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS “Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli”, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Fabio Ghezzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Women and Children Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Camilla Certelli
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Jvan Casarin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Filippo Del Ponte” Women and Children Hospital, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy
| | - Valentina Bruno
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabella Sperduti
- Biostatistical Unit, IRCCS “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
| | - Vito Chiantera
- Unit of Gynecologic Oncology, ARNAS “Civico-Di Cristina-Benfratelli”, Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Panagiotis Peitsidis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helena Venizelou Hospital, 115 21 Athens, Greece
| | - Enrico Vizza
- Gynecologic Oncology Unit, Department of Experimental Clinical Oncology, IRCCS “Regina Elena” National Cancer Institute, 00144 Rome, Italy
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The Oncological Implication of Sentinel Lymph Node in Early Cervical Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Oncological Outcomes and Type of Recurrences. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2022; 58:medicina58111539. [PMID: 36363496 PMCID: PMC9698841 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58111539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Pelvic lymphadenectomy has been associated with radical hysterectomy for the treatment of early Cervical Cancer (ECC) since 1905. However, some complications are related to this technique, such as lymphedema and nerve damage. In addition, its clinical role is controversial. For this reason, the sentinel lymph node (SLN) has found increasing use in clinical practice over time. Oncologic safety, however, is debated, and there is no clear evidence in the literature regarding this. Therefore, our meta-analysis aims to schematically analyze the current scientific evidence to investigate the non-inferiority of SLN versus PLND regarding oncologic outcomes. Materials and Methods: Following the recommendations in the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement, we systematically searched the PubMed and Scopus databases in June 2022 since their early first publications. We made no restrictions on the country. We considered only studies entirely published in English. We included studies containing Disease-Free Survival (DFS), Overall Survival (OS), Recurrence Rate (RR), and site of recurrence data. We used comparative studies for meta-analysis. We registered this meta-analysis to the PROSPERO site for meta-analysis with protocol number CRD42022316650. Results: Twelve studies fulfilled inclusion criteria. The four comparative studies were enrolled in meta-analysis. Patients were analyzed concerning Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy (SLN) and compared with Bilateral Pelvic Systematic Lymphadenectomy (PLND) in early-stage Cervical Cancer (ECC). Meta-analysis highlighted no differences in oncological safety between these two techniques, both in DFS and OS. Moreover, most of the sites of recurrences in the SLN group seemed not to be correlated with missed lymphadenectomy. Conclusions: Data in the literature do not seem to show clear oncologic inferiority of SLN over PLND. On the contrary, the higher detection rate of positive lymph nodes and the predominance of no lymph node recurrences give hope that this technique may equal PLND in oncologic terms, improving its morbidity profile.
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Wang M, Ma M, Yang L, Liang C. Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting pelvic lymph node metastasis and prognosis in patients with cervical cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:952347. [PMID: 36119526 PMCID: PMC9479219 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.952347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Cervical cancer (CC) is one of the main causes of death among gynecological malignancies. Patients with CC with lymph node metastasis (LNM) have poor prognoses. We investigated the risk factors and prognosis of LNM in patients with CC patients using data from the SEER database. Methods We collected the information of cervical cancer patients registered in SEER database from 2010 to 2015. The dataset was divided into a training set and a validation set at a 7:3 ratio. LASSO regression analysis was used to evaluate risk factors for LNM in patients with CC. Using the results, we established a nomogram prediction model. C-index, ROC curves, calibration curves, decision curve analysis, and clinical impact curves were used to evaluate the prediction performance of the model. Results We included 14,356 patients with CC in the analysis. Among these, 3997 patients were diagnosed with LNM. A training set (10,050 cases) and a validation set (4306 cases) were used for the following analysis. We established nomogram LNM prediction models for the patients with T1-2-stage CC. The C-indices for the internal and external validations of the prediction models were 0.758 and 0.744, respectively. In addition, we established a prognostic nomogram for all CC patients with LNM, and the internal and external validation C-indices were 0.763 and 0.737. Conclusion We constructed a quantitative and visual predictive nomogram that predicted prognosis of patients with LNM in CC to provide clinicians with a reference for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Min Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Liju Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Chengtong Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
- *Correspondence: Chengtong Liang,
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Chiyoda T, Yoshihara K, Kagabu M, Nagase S, Katabuchi H, Mikami M, Tabata T, Hirashima Y, Kobayashi Y, Kaneuchi M, Tokunaga H, Baba T. Sentinel node navigation surgery in cervical cancer: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Int J Clin Oncol 2022; 27:1247-1255. [PMID: 35612720 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-022-02178-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Sentinel node navigation surgery (SNNS) is used in clinical practice for the treatment of cervical cancer. This study aimed to elucidate the appropriate sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping method and assess the safety and benefits of SNNS. We searched the PubMed, Ichushi, and Cochrane Library databases for randomized controlled trials (RCT) and studies on SLN in cervical cancer from January 2012 to December 2020. Two authors independently assessed study quality and extracted data. We quantitatively analyzed the detection rate, sensitivity/specificity, and complications and reviewed information, including the survival data of SLN biopsy (SLNB) without pelvic lymphadenectomy (PLND). The detection rate of SLN mapping in the unilateral pelvis was median 95.7% and 100% and in the bilateral pelvis was median 80.4% and 90% for technetium-99 m (Tc) with/without blue dye (Tc w/wo BD) and indocyanine green (ICG) alone, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of each tracer were high; the area under the curve of each tracer was 0.988 (Tc w/wo BD), 0.931 (BD w/wo Tc), 0.966 (ICG), and 0.977 (carbon nanoparticle). Morbidities including lymphedema, neurological symptoms and blood loss were associated with PLND. One RCT and five studies all showed SNNS without systematic PLND does not impair recurrence or survival in early-stage cervical cancer with a tumor size ≤ 2-4 cm. Both Tc w/wo BD and ICG are appropriate SLN tracers. SNNS can reduce the morbidities associated with PLND without affecting disease progression in early-stage cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuyuki Chiyoda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosuke Yoshihara
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kagabu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagase
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata University, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Katabuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Mikio Mikami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Tabata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Hirashima
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kobayashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kyorin University, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masanori Kaneuchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Otaru General Hospital, Otaru, Japan
| | - Hideki Tokunaga
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Baba
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Iwate Medical University School of Medicine, Shiwa, Japan.
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Yiming A, Wubulikasimu M, Yusuying N. Analysis on factors behind sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer by color ultrasonography, molybdenum target, and pathological detection. World J Surg Oncol 2022; 20:72. [PMID: 35255911 PMCID: PMC8902784 DOI: 10.1186/s12957-022-02531-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to identify the factors underlying the metastasis of breast cancer and sentinel lymph nodes and to screen and analyze the risk factors of sentinel lymph node metastasis to provide a reference and basis for clinical work. METHODS A total of 99 patients with breast cancer were enrolled in this study. These patients received treatment in our hospital between May 2017 and May 2020. The general information, characteristics of the color Doppler echocardiography, molybdenum, conventional pathology, and molecular pathology of the patients were collected. Factors influencing sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer patients were retrospectively analyzed. RESULTS In this study, age, tumor diameter, BI-RADS category, pathology type, expression profiles of CK5/6, EGFR, and CK19, and TP53 and BRAC1/2 mutations were independent risk factors for sentinel lymph node metastasis in breast cancer (P < 0.05). The number and locations of tumors, quadrant of tumors, regularity of tumor margins, presence of blood flow signals, presence of posterior echo attenuation, presence of calcification, histological grade, molecular typing, and mutations of BRAF, ATM, and PALB2 were irrelevant factors (P > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, age, tumor diameter, BI-RADS category, invasive type, expression of CK5/6, EGFR, and CK19, and mutations in TP53 and BRAC1/2 were positively correlated with sentinel lymph node metastasis. These independent risk factors should be given more attention in clinical studies to strengthen the management and control of sentinel lymph node metastasis in high-risk breast cancer and support early chemotherapy or targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aibibai Yiming
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Kashgar, Room 3 Building 3, No. 1 Sagelamu Road, Kashgar, Xinjiang, 844000, China
| | - Muhetaer Wubulikasimu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Kashgar, Room 3 Building 3, No. 1 Sagelamu Road, Kashgar, Xinjiang, 844000, China
| | - Nuermaimaiti Yusuying
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Kashgar, Room 3 Building 3, No. 1 Sagelamu Road, Kashgar, Xinjiang, 844000, China.
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22
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the current knowledge and recent advances of sentinel lymph node (SLN) assessment in uterine, cervical, vulvar, and ovarian cancers. RECENT FINDINGS In endometrial cancer, SLN evaluation has become increasingly utilized as part of the treatment of early-stage disease, with data showing improved detection of pelvic lymph node metastasis. In cervical cancer, SLN biopsy has also gained increasing traction with studies demonstrating the feasibility and accuracy of SLN detection. Evaluation with frozen section, however, remains limited in the detection of metastases. The prognostic significance of positive SLN in vulvar cancer is currently being investigated, with preliminary data showing lower recurrence rates in patients receiving adjuvant radiation. SUMMARY SLN evaluation remains standard of care to detect lymph node metastasis in early-staged endometrial cancer. In cervical cancer, SLN biopsy has been shown to be reliable, while decreasing morbidity without impacting disease-free survival in select patients. The technique and high sensitivity of SLN biopsy in vulvar cancer has been demonstrated in large prospective trials. There are no randomized controlled trials in ovarian cancer that evaluate the role of SLN biopsy on treatment and outcome; current SLN evaluation remains investigational.
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23
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Incorporation of sentinel lymph node biopsy in cervical cancer surgery: Recent U.S. trends. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY 2022; 48:1407-1413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2022.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Ekdahl L, Crusensvärd M, Reynisson P, Lönnerfors C, Persson J. Quality of life and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2021; 267:234-240. [PMID: 34837852 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2021.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Quality of Life and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy. OBJECTIVES To evaluate quality of life (QoL) and long-term clinical outcome following robot-assisted radical trachelectomy (RRT). STUDY DESIGN Prospectively retrieved clinical data were rereviewed on all women planned for a fertility sparing RRT for early stage cervical cancer at Skåne University Hospital, Sweden between 2007 and 2020. QoL was assessed using the validated questionnaires EORTC QLQ-C30, QLQ-CX24 and the Swedish LYMQOL. RESULTS Data was analyzed from 49 women, 42 with a finalised RRT and seven with an aborted RRT due to nodal metastases (n = 3) or insufficient margins (n = 4). At a median follow-up time of 54 months one recurrence (2%) occurred (aborted RRT). According to QLQ-C30 the median global health status score was 75. The disease specific QLQ-C24 showed an impact on symptoms related to sexual function where sexual/vaginal functioning had a median score of 25 and 48% of patients reported worry that sex would cause physical pain. Despite this the functional items sexual activity and sexual enjoyment both had a median score of 66.7. Lymphoedema was reported in 45%, where 9% reported severe symptom with an impact on their QoL. No intraoperative complications and no postoperative complications ≥ Clavien Dindo grade III were observed. Twenty-two of 28 (79%) women who attempted to conceive were successful. A metronidazole/no intercourse regimen was applied between GW 15 + 0-21 + 6 in 26 of 28 pregnancies beyond first trimester resulting in a 92% term (≥GW 36 + 0) delivery rate. CONCLUSIONS Although robot-assisted radical trachelectomy in this cohort was associated with a low recurrence rate, a high fertility rate and an exceptionally high term delivery rate, women's quality of life was affected postoperatively, particularly with regards to their sexual well-being and lymphatic side-effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Ekdahl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Malin Crusensvärd
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Petur Reynisson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Celine Lönnerfors
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22185 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jan Persson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Division of Gynaecologic Oncology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden; Lund University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Clinical Sciences, Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 22185 Lund, Sweden.
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Zaccarini F, Sanson C, Maulard A, Scherier S, Pautier P, Leary A, Genestie C, Chargari C, Morice P, Gouy S. [Surgical de-escalation in gynecologic oncology]. Bull Cancer 2021; 108:1155-1161. [PMID: 34629168 DOI: 10.1016/j.bulcan.2021.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of knowledge in gynecologic oncology is leading to surgical de-escalation in several areas, particularly in lymph node staging. Sentinel lymph node biopsy that was initially used in low and intermediate risk endometrial cancer, has now been extended to high-intermediate and high-risk endometrial cancer. Sentinel lymph node biopsy plays also an important role in the nodal staging of early-stage cervical cancer. The radicality of hysterectomies in patients with early cervical cancer is under debate. Similarly, surgical staging with para-aortic lymphadenectomy in locally advanced cervical cancer should be performed only for few cases. Systematic pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy in patients with advanced ovarian cancers is not recommended anymore.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Zaccarini
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Claire Sanson
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Amandine Maulard
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Stéphanie Scherier
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Patricia Pautier
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Leary
- Service d'oncologie médicale, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Catherine Genestie
- Service de pathologie morphologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Cyrus Chargari
- Service de radiothérapie, Gustave Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Philippe Morice
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sébastien Gouy
- Service de chirurgie gynécologique, Gustave-Roussy, 94805 Villejuif, France
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Davies-Oliveira JC, Smith MA, Grover S, Canfell K, Crosbie EJ. Eliminating Cervical Cancer: Progress and Challenges for High-income Countries. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:550-559. [PMID: 34315640 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2021.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In 2020, the World Health Organization launched a major initiative to eliminate cervical cancer globally. The initiative is built around the three key pillars of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, cervical screening and treatment, with associated intervention targets for the year 2030. The '90-70-90' targets specify that 90% of adolescent girls receive prophylactic HPV vaccination, 70% of adult women receive a minimum twice-in-a-lifetime cervical HPV test and 90% receive appropriate treatment for preinvasive or invasive disease. Modelling has shown that if these targets are met, the elimination of cervical cancer, defined as fewer than four cases per 100 000 women per annum, will be achieved within a century. Many high-income countries are well positioned to eliminate cervical cancer within the coming decades, but few have achieved '90-70-90' and many challenges must still be addressed to deliver these critical interventions effectively. This review considers the current status of cervical cancer control in relation to each of the three elimination pillars in high-income countries and discusses some of the developments that will assist countries in reaching these ambitious targets by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Davies-Oliveira
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
| | - M A Smith
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - S Grover
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - K Canfell
- The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
| | - E J Crosbie
- Gynaecological Oncology Research Group, Division of Cancer Sciences, University of Manchester, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester, UK; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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27
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Sponholtz SE, Mogensen O, Hildebrandt MG, Schledermann D, Parner E, Markauskas A, Frøding LP, Fuglsang K, Vilstrup MH, Bjørnholt SM, Jensen PT. Sentinel lymph node mapping in early-stage cervical cancer - A national prospective multicenter study (SENTIREC trial). Gynecol Oncol 2021; 162:546-554. [PMID: 34226018 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sentinel lymph node (SLN) mapping may replace staging radical pelvic lymphadenectomy in women with early-stage cervical cancer. In a national multicenter setting, we evaluated SLN mapping in women with early-stage cervical cancer and investigated the accuracy of SLN mapping and FDG-PET/CT in tumors >20 mm. METHODS We prospectively included women with early-stage cervical cancer from March 2017-January 2021 to undergo SLN mapping. Women with tumors >20 mm underwent completion pelvic lymphadenectomy and removal of FDG-PET/CT positive nodes. We determined SLN detection rates, incidence of nodal disease, sensitivity and negative predictive value (NPV) of SLN mapping, and the sensitivity, specificity, NPV, and positive predictive value (PPV) of FDG-PET/CT. RESULTS We included 245 women, and 38 (15.5%) had nodal metastasis. The SLN detection rate was 96.3% (236/245), with 82.0% (201/245) bilateral detection. In a stratified analysis of 103 women with tumors >20 mm, 27 (26.2%) had nodal metastases. The sensitivity of SLN mapping adhering to the algorithm was 96.3% (95% CI 81.0-99.9%) and the NPV 98.7% (95% CI 93.0-100%). For FDG-PET/CT imaging the sensitivity was 14.8% (95% CI 4.2-33.7%), the specificity 85.5% (95% CI 75.6-92.5%), the NPV 73.9% (95% CI 63.4-82.7%), and the PPV 26.7% (95% CI 7.8-55.1%). CONCLUSIONS SLN mapping seems to be an adequate staging procedure in early-stage cervical cancer tumors ≤20 mm. In tumors >20 mm, SLN mapping is highly sensitive but demands full adherence to the SLN algorithm. We recommend completion pelvic lymphadenectomy in tumors >20 mm until the oncological safety is established. FDG-PET/CT for nodal staging of women with early-stage cervical cancer seems limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Elisabeth Sponholtz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; OPEN, Open Patient data Explorative Network, Odense University Hospital, Region of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
| | - Ole Mogensen
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Malene Grubbe Hildebrandt
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Center for Innovative Medical Technology (CIMT), Odense University Hospital and University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Doris Schledermann
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Erik Parner
- Deparment of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Algirdas Markauskas
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Katrine Fuglsang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mie Holm Vilstrup
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Sarah Marie Bjørnholt
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Pernille Tine Jensen
- Department of Clinical Research, Faculty of Health Science, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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