1
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Kan LK, Drill M, Jayakrishnan PC, Sequeira RP, Sanfilippo PG, McLean C, Hunn M, Williams DA, O'Brien TJ, Drummond KJ, Monif M. P2X7 receptor antagonism by AZ10606120 significantly depletes glioblastoma cancer stem cells in vitro. Brain Res Bull 2024; 215:110996. [PMID: 38857832 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2024.110996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most aggressive and lethal primary brain malignancy with limited treatment options and poor prognosis. Self-renewing glioblastoma cancer stem cells (GSCs) facilitate tumour progression, resistance to conventional treatment and tumour recurrence. GSCs are resistant to standard treatments. There is a need for novel treatment alternatives that effectively target GSCs. The purinergic P2X receptor 7 (P2X7R) is expressed in glioblastomas and has been implicated in disease pathogenesis. However, the roles of P2X7R have not been comprehensively elucidated in conventional treatment-resistant GSCs. This study characterised P2X7R channel and pore function and investigated the effect of pharmacological P2X7R inhibition in GSCs. Immunofluorescence and live cell fluorescent dye uptake experiments revealed P2X7R expression, and channel and pore function in GSCs. Treatment of GSCs with the P2X7R antagonist, AZ10606120 (AZ), for 72 hours significantly reduced GSC numbers, compared to untreated cells. When compared with the effect of the first-line conventional chemotherapy, temozolomide (TMZ), GSCs treated with AZ had significantly lower cell numbers than TMZ-treated cultures, while TMZ treatment alone did not significantly deplete GSC numbers compared to the control. AZ treatment also induced significant lactate dehydrogenase release by GSCs, indicative of treatment-induced cytotoxic cell death. There were no significant differences in the expression of apoptotic markers, Annexin V and cleaved caspase-3, between AZ-treated cells and the control. Collectively, this study reveals for the first time functional P2X7R channel and pore in GSCs and significant GSC depletion following P2X7R inhibition by AZ. These results indicate that P2X7R inhibition may be a novel therapeutic alternative for glioblastoma, with effectiveness against GSCs resistant to conventional chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyen K Kan
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Drill
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Richard P Sequeira
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul G Sanfilippo
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catriona McLean
- Department of Pathology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Martin Hunn
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - David A Williams
- Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence J O'Brien
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katharine J Drummond
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mastura Monif
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Physiology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, The Alfred, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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2
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White J, White MPJ, Wickremesekera A, Peng L, Gray C. The tumour microenvironment, treatment resistance and recurrence in glioblastoma. J Transl Med 2024; 22:540. [PMID: 38844944 PMCID: PMC11155041 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The adaptability of glioblastoma (GBM) cells, encouraged by complex interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME), currently renders GBM an incurable cancer. Despite intensive research, with many clinical trials, GBM patients rely on standard treatments including surgery followed by radiation and chemotherapy, which have been observed to induce a more aggressive phenotype in recurrent tumours. This failure to improve treatments is undoubtedly a result of insufficient models which fail to incorporate components of the human brain TME. Research has increasingly uncovered mechanisms of tumour-TME interactions that correlate to worsened patient prognoses, including tumour-associated astrocyte mitochondrial transfer, neuronal circuit remodelling and immunosuppression. This tumour hijacked TME is highly implicated in driving therapy resistance, with further alterations within the TME and tumour resulting from therapy exposure inducing increased tumour growth and invasion. Recent developments improving organoid models, including aspects of the TME, are paving an exciting future for the research and drug development for GBM, with the hopes of improving patient survival growing closer. This review focuses on GBMs interactions with the TME and their effect on tumour pathology and treatment efficiency, with a look at challenges GBM models face in sufficiently recapitulating this complex and highly adaptive cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine White
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
| | | | - Agadha Wickremesekera
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand
- Department of Neurosurgery, Wellington Regional Hospital, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lifeng Peng
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
| | - Clint Gray
- Gillies McIndoe Research Institute, Newtown, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
- Centre for Biodiscovery and School of Biological Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Kelburn, Wellington, 6021, New Zealand.
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3
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Bugakova AS, Chudakova DA, Myzina MS, Yanysheva EP, Ozerskaya IV, Soboleva AV, Baklaushev VP, Yusubalieva GM. Non-Tumor Cells within the Tumor Microenvironment-The "Eminence Grise" of the Glioblastoma Pathogenesis and Potential Targets for Therapy. Cells 2024; 13:808. [PMID: 38786032 PMCID: PMC11119139 DOI: 10.3390/cells13100808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignancy of the central nervous system in adults. GBM has high levels of therapy failure and its prognosis is usually dismal. The phenotypic heterogeneity of the tumor cells, dynamic complexity of non-tumor cell populations within the GBM tumor microenvironment (TME), and their bi-directional cross-talk contribute to the challenges of current therapeutic approaches. Herein, we discuss the etiology of GBM, and describe several major types of non-tumor cells within its TME, their impact on GBM pathogenesis, and molecular mechanisms of such an impact. We also discuss their value as potential therapeutic targets or prognostic biomarkers, with reference to the most recent works on this subject. We conclude that unless all "key player" populations of non-tumor cells within the TME are considered, no breakthrough in developing treatment for GBM can be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Bugakova
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria A. Chudakova
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria S. Myzina
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elvira P. Yanysheva
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Iuliia V. Ozerskaya
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alesya V. Soboleva
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir P. Baklaushev
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Pulmonology Research Institute, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnology of Medical and Biological Faculty, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gaukhar M. Yusubalieva
- Federal Center for Brain and Neurotechnologies, Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 117513 Moscow, Russia
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Specialized Medical Care and Medical Technologies Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, 115682 Moscow, Russia
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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4
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Pećina-Šlaus N, Hrašćan R. Glioma Stem Cells-Features for New Therapy Design. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1557. [PMID: 38672638 PMCID: PMC11049195 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16081557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
On a molecular level, glioma is very diverse and presents a whole spectrum of specific genetic and epigenetic alterations. The tumors are unfortunately resistant to available therapies and the survival rate is low. The explanation of significant intra- and inter-tumor heterogeneity and the infiltrative capability of gliomas, as well as its resistance to therapy, recurrence and aggressive behavior, lies in a small subset of tumor-initiating cells that behave like stem cells and are known as glioma cancer stem cells (GCSCs). They are responsible for tumor plasticity and are influenced by genetic drivers. Additionally, GCSCs also display greater migratory abilities. A great effort is under way in order to find ways to eliminate or neutralize GCSCs. Many different treatment strategies are currently being explored, including modulation of the tumor microenvironment, posttranscriptional regulation, epigenetic modulation and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nives Pećina-Šlaus
- Laboratory of Neuro-Oncology, Croatian Institute for Brain Research, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 12, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Šalata 3, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Reno Hrašćan
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
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5
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Kang I, Kim Y, Lee HK. γδ T cells as a potential therapeutic agent for glioblastoma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1273986. [PMID: 37928546 PMCID: PMC10623054 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1273986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although γδ T cells comprise a small population of T cells, they perform important roles in protecting against infection and suppressing tumors. With their distinct tissue-localizing properties, combined with their various target recognition mechanisms, γδ T cells have the potential to become an effective solution for tumors that do not respond to current therapeutic procedures. One such tumor, glioblastoma (GBM), is a malignant brain tumor with the highest World Health Organization grade and therefore the worst prognosis. The immune-suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) and immune-evasive glioma stem cells are major factors in GBM immunotherapy failure. Currently, encouraged by the strong anti-tumoral function of γδ T cells revealed at the preclinical and clinical levels, several research groups have shown progression of γδ T cell-based GBM treatment. However, several limitations still exist that block effective GBM treatment using γδ T cells. Therefore, understanding the distinct roles of γδ T cells in anti-tumor immune responses and the suppression mechanism of the GBM TME are critical for successful γδ T cell-mediated GBM therapy. In this review, we summarize the effector functions of γδ T cells in tumor immunity and discuss current advances and limitations of γδ T cell-based GBM immunotherapy. Additionally, we suggest future directions to overcome the limitations of γδ T cell-based GBM immunotherapy to achieve successful treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Kang
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Yumin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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6
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Mahajan S, Schmidt MHH. Distinct Lineage of Slow-Cycling Cells Amidst the Prevailing Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3843. [PMID: 37568659 PMCID: PMC10417372 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15153843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most aggressive form of primary brain tumor in adults [...].
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mirko H. H. Schmidt
- Institute of Anatomy, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden School of Medicine, Fetscherstr 74, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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7
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Yu C, He S, Zhu W, Ru P, Ge X, Govindasamy K. Human cytomegalovirus in cancer: the mechanism of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis and its therapeutic potential. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1202138. [PMID: 37424781 PMCID: PMC10327488 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1202138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a well-studied herpesvirus, has been implicated in malignancies derived from breast, colorectal muscle, brain, and other cancers. Intricate host-virus interactions are responsible for the cascade of events that have the potential to result in the transformed phenotype of normal cells. The HCMV genome contains oncogenes that may initiate these types of cancers, and although the primary HCMV infection is usually asymptomatic, the virus remains in the body in a latent or persistent form. Viral reactivation causes severe health issues in immune-compromised individuals, including cancer patients, organ transplants, and AIDS patients. This review focuses on the immunologic mechanisms and molecular mechanisms of HCMV-induced carcinogenesis, methods of HCMV treatment, and other studies. Studies show that HCMV DNA and virus-specific antibodies are present in many types of cancers, implicating HCMV as an important player in cancer progression. Importantly, many clinical trials have been initiated to exploit HCMV as a therapeutic target for the treatment of cancer, particularly in immunotherapy strategies in the treatment of breast cancer and glioblastoma patients. Taken together, these findings support a link between HCMV infections and cellular growth that develops into cancer. More importantly, HCMV is the leading cause of birth defects in newborns, and infection with HCMV is responsible for abortions in pregnant women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Yu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Suna He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Wenwen Zhu
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Penghui Ru
- Animal Diseases and Public Health Engineering Research Center of Henan Province, Luoyang Polytechnic, Luoyang, Henan, China
| | - Xuemei Ge
- School of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kavitha Govindasamy
- School of Arts and Science, Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
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8
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Yuile A, Wei JQ, Mohan AA, Hotchkiss KM, Khasraw M. Interdependencies of the Neuronal, Immune and Tumor Microenvironment in Gliomas. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2856. [PMID: 37345193 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are the most common primary brain malignancy and are universally fatal. Despite significant breakthrough in understanding tumor biology, treatment breakthroughs have been limited. There is a growing appreciation that major limitations on effective treatment are related to the unique and highly complex glioma tumor microenvironment (TME). The TME consists of multiple different cell types, broadly categorized into tumoral, immune and non-tumoral, non-immune cells. Each group provides significant influence on the others, generating a pro-tumor dynamic with significant immunosuppression. In addition, glioma cells are highly heterogenous with various molecular distinctions on the cellular level. These variations, in turn, lead to their own unique influence on the TME. To develop future treatments, an understanding of this complex TME interplay is needed. To this end, we describe the TME in adult gliomas through interactions between its various components and through various glioma molecular phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yuile
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- The Brain Cancer Group, North Shore Private Hospital, 3 Westbourne Street, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joe Q Wei
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Reserve Road, St Leonards, NSW 2065, Australia
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Aditya A Mohan
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Kelly M Hotchkiss
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Mustafa Khasraw
- The Preston Robert Tisch Brain Tumor Center, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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9
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Segura-Collar B, Hiller-Vallina S, de Dios O, Caamaño-Moreno M, Mondejar-Ruescas L, Sepulveda-Sanchez JM, Gargini R. Advanced immunotherapies for glioblastoma: tumor neoantigen vaccines in combination with immunomodulators. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:79. [PMID: 37165457 PMCID: PMC10171733 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glial-origin brain tumors, including glioblastomas (GBM), have one of the worst prognoses due to their rapid and fatal progression. From an oncological point of view, advances in complete surgical resection fail to eliminate the entire tumor and the remaining cells allow a rapid recurrence, which does not respond to traditional therapeutic treatments. Here, we have reviewed new immunotherapy strategies in association with the knowledge of the immune micro-environment. To understand the best lines for the future, we address the advances in the design of neoantigen vaccines and possible new immune modulators. Recently, the efficacy and availability of vaccine development with different formulations, especially liposome plus mRNA vaccines, has been observed. We believe that the application of new strategies used with mRNA vaccines in combination with personalized medicine (guided by different omic's strategies) could give good results in glioma therapy. In addition, a large part of the possible advances in new immunotherapy strategies focused on GBM may be key improving current therapies of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI), given the fact that this type of tumor has been highly refractory to ICI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berta Segura-Collar
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hiller-Vallina
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Olaya de Dios
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III, UFIEC, 28222, Majadahonda, Spain
| | - Marta Caamaño-Moreno
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lucia Mondejar-Ruescas
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan M Sepulveda-Sanchez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Gargini
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas I+12, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Pathology and Neurooncology Unit, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, S/N, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
- Medical Oncology, Hospital Universitario, 12 de Octubre, 28041, Madrid, Spain.
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10
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Padmakumar S, Amiji MM. Long-Acting Therapeutic Delivery Systems for the Treatment of Gliomas. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 197:114853. [PMID: 37149040 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Despite the emergence of cutting-edge therapeutic strategies and tremendous progress in research, a complete cure of glioma remains elusive. The heterogenous nature of tumor, immunosuppressive state and presence of blood brain barrier are few of the major obstacles in this regard. Long-acting depot formulations such as injectables and implantables are gaining attention for drug delivery to brain owing to their ease in administration and ability to elute drug locally for extended durations in a controlled manner with minimal toxicity. Hybrid matrices fabricated by incorporating nanoparticulates within such systems help to enhance pharmaceutical advantages. Utilization of long-acting depots as monotherapy or in conjunction with existing strategies rendered significant survival benefits in many preclinical studies and some clinical trials. The discovery of novel targets, immunotherapeutic strategies and alternative drug administration routes are now coupled with several long-acting systems with an ultimate aim to enhance patient survival and prevent glioma recurrences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smrithi Padmakumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115
| | - Mansoor M Amiji
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115; Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115.
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11
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Hosseinalizadeh H, Rahmati M, Ebrahimi A, O’Connor RS. Current Status and Challenges of Vaccination Therapy for Glioblastoma. Mol Cancer Ther 2023; 22:435-446. [PMID: 36779991 PMCID: PMC10155120 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-22-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), also known as grade IV astrocytoma, is the most common and deadly type of central nervous system malignancy in adults. Despite significant breakthroughs in current GBM treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, the prognosis for late-stage glioblastoma remains bleak due to tumor recurrence following surgical resection. The poor prognosis highlights the evident and pressing need for more efficient and targeted treatment. Vaccination has successfully treated patients with advanced colorectal and lung cancer. Therefore, the potential value of using tumor vaccines in treating glioblastoma is increasingly discussed as a monotherapy or in combination with other cellular immunotherapies. Cancer vaccination includes both passive administration of monoclonal antibodies and active vaccination procedures to activate, boost, or bias antitumor immunity against cancer cells. This article focuses on active immunotherapy with peptide, genetic (DNA, mRNA), and cell-based vaccines in treating GBM and reviews the various treatment approaches currently being tested. Although the ease of synthesis, relative safety, and ability to elicit tumor-specific immune responses have made these vaccines an invaluable tool for cancer treatment, more extensive cohort studies and better guidelines are needed to improve the efficacy of these vaccines in anti-GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamed Hosseinalizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mohammad Rahmati
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Paramedicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, 41376, Rasht, Iran
| | - Ammar Ebrahimi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Lausanne, Rue Du Bugnon 7, 1005, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Roddy S O’Connor
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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12
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Regal JA, Guerra García ME, Jain V, Chandramohan V, Ashley DM, Gregory SG, Thompson EM, López GY, Reitman ZJ. Ganglioglioma deep transcriptomics reveals primitive neuroectoderm neural precursor-like population. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:50. [PMID: 36966348 PMCID: PMC10039537 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01548-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Gangliogliomas are brain tumors composed of neuron-like and macroglia-like components that occur in children and young adults. Gangliogliomas are often characterized by a rare population of immature astrocyte-appearing cells expressing CD34, a marker expressed in the neuroectoderm (neural precursor cells) during embryogenesis. New insights are needed to refine tumor classification and to identify therapeutic approaches. We evaluated five gangliogliomas with single nucleus RNA-seq, cellular indexing of transcriptomes and epitopes by sequencing, and/or spatially-resolved RNA-seq. We uncovered a population of CD34+ neoplastic cells with mixed neuroectodermal, immature astrocyte, and neuronal markers. Gene regulatory network interrogation in these neuroectoderm-like cells revealed control of transcriptional programming by TCF7L2/MEIS1-PAX6 and SOX2, similar to that found during neuroectodermal/neural development. Developmental trajectory analyses place neuroectoderm-like tumor cells as precursor cells that give rise to neuron-like and macroglia-like neoplastic cells. Spatially-resolved transcriptomics revealed a neuroectoderm-like tumor cell niche with relative lack of vascular and immune cells. We used these high resolution results to deconvolute clinically-annotated transcriptomic data, confirming that CD34+ cell-associated gene programs associate with gangliogliomas compared to other glial brain tumors. Together, these deep transcriptomic approaches characterized a ganglioglioma cellular hierarchy-confirming CD34+ neuroectoderm-like tumor precursor cells, controlling transcription programs, cell signaling, and associated immune cell states. These findings may guide tumor classification, diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua A Regal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - Vaibhav Jain
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | | | - David M Ashley
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Simon G Gregory
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Eric M Thompson
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Giselle Y López
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA
| | - Zachary J Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.
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13
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Li X, Chen G, Liu B, Tao Z, Wu Y, Zhang K, Feng Z, Huang Y, Wang H. PLK1 inhibition promotes apoptosis and DNA damage in glioma stem cells by regulating the nuclear translocation of YBX1. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:68. [PMID: 36805592 PMCID: PMC9938146 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are the important cause of tumorigenesis, recurrence, and chemo(radio)resistance in glioma. Targeting GSCs helps improve the outcomes of glioma treatment. Polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) is a member of the serine/threonine protein kinase family, which is highly conserved. In recent years, it has been suggested that increased levels of PLK1 and its activity are associated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. We aimed to identify whether PLK1 plays a critical role in stemness maintenance and apoptosis regulation in GSCs. Here we identify that PLK1 inhibition can induce apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs, we have also delineat the possible underlying molecular mechanisms: PLK1 interacts with YBX1 and directly phosphorylates serine 174 and serine 176 of YBX1. Inhibition of PLK1 reduces the phosphorylation level of YBX1, and decreased phosphorylation of YBX1 prevents its nuclear translocation, thereby inducing apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. We confirmed that YBX1 knockdown resulted in the apoptosis and DNA damage of GSCs. These findings uncover that PLK1 inhibition induces cell apoptosis and DNA damage in GSCs through YBX1 phosphorylation, providing new insights into the mechanism by which PLK1 inhibition contributes to the apoptosis of and DNA damage in gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuetao Li
- grid.263761.70000 0001 0198 0694Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Guangliang Chen
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Bin Liu
- grid.469564.cDepartment of Neurosurgery, Qinghai Provincial People’s Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007 China
| | - Zhennan Tao
- grid.41156.370000 0001 2314 964XDepartment of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Wu
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Kai Zhang
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Zibin Feng
- grid.429222.d0000 0004 1798 0228Department of Neurosurgery & Brain and Nerve Research Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu China
| | - Yulun Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Institute of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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14
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Sabu A, Liu TI, Ng SS, Doong RA, Huang YF, Chiu HC. Nanomedicines Targeting Glioma Stem Cells. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:158-181. [PMID: 35544684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c03538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), classified as a grade IV glioma, is a rapidly growing, aggressive, and most commonly occurring tumor of the central nervous system. Despite the therapeutic advances, it carries an ominous prognosis, with a median survival of 14.6 months after diagnosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that cancer stem cells in GBM, termed glioma stem cells (GSCs), play a crucial role in tumor propagation, treatment resistance, and tumor recurrence. GSCs, possessing the capacity for self-renewal and multilineage differentiation, are responsible for tumor growth and heterogeneity, leading to primary obstacles to current cancer therapy. In this respect, increasing efforts have been devoted to the development of anti-GSC strategies based on targeting GSC surface markers, blockage of essential signaling pathways of GSCs, and manipulating the tumor microenvironment (GSC niches). In this review, we will discuss the research knowledge regarding GSC-based therapy and the underlying mechanisms for the treatment of GBM. Given the rapid progression in nanotechnology, innovative nanomedicines developed for GSC targeting will also be highlighted from the perspective of rationale, advantages, and limitations. The goal of this review is to provide broader understanding and key considerations toward the future direction of GSC-based nanotheranostics to fight against GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arjun Sabu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Te-I Liu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Siew Suan Ng
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Ruey-An Doong
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fen Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Institute of Analytical and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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15
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Pathogenesis Study of Glioma: From Glioma Stem Cells, Genomic Tags, to Rodent Models. Brain Sci 2022; 13:brainsci13010030. [PMID: 36672013 PMCID: PMC9856728 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioma remains the toughest brain tumor among all primary central nervous system (CNS) tumors [...].
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16
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Zhou J, Li L, Jia M, Liao Q, Peng G, Luo G, Zhou Y. Dendritic cell vaccines improve the glioma microenvironment: Influence, challenges, and future directions. Cancer Med 2022; 12:7207-7221. [PMID: 36464889 PMCID: PMC10067114 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.5511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Gliomas, especially the glioblastomas, are one of the most aggressive intracranial tumors with poor prognosis. This might be explained by the heterogeneity of tumor cells and the inhibitory immunological microenvironment. Dendritic cells (DCs), as the most potent in vivo functional antigen-presenting cells, link innate immunity with adaptive immunity. However, their function is suppressed in gliomas. Therefore, overcoming the dysfunction of DCs in the TME might be critical to treat gliomas. METHOD In this paper we proposed the specificity of the glioma microenvironment, analyzed the pathways leading to the dysfunction of DCs in tumor microenvironment of patients with glioma, summarized influence of DC-based immunotherapy on the tumor microenvironment and proposed new development directions and possible challenges of DC vaccines. RESULT DC vaccines can improve the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioma patients. It will bring good treatment prospects to patients. We also proposed new development directions and possible challenges of DC vaccines, thus providing an integrated understanding of efficacy on DC vaccines for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Luohong Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Minqi Jia
- Department of Radiation Oncology Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute Beijing China
| | - Qianjin Liao
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Guiping Peng
- Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha China
| | - Gengqiu Luo
- Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Basic School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
| | - Yanhong Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Cancer Research Institute, Basic School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Cancer Metabolism, Hunan Cancer Hospital and the Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine Central South University Changsha Hunan China
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Ammons DT, Guth A, Rozental AJ, Kurihara J, Marolf AJ, Chow L, Griffin JF, Makii R, MacQuiddy B, Boss MK, Regan DP, Frank C, McGrath S, Packer RA, Dow S. Reprogramming the Canine Glioma Microenvironment with Tumor Vaccination plus Oral Losartan and Propranolol Induces Objective Responses. CANCER RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:1657-1667. [PMID: 36644324 PMCID: PMC9835010 DOI: 10.1158/2767-9764.crc-22-0388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Malignant gliomas have a highly immune suppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) which renders them largely unresponsive to conventional therapeutics. Therefore, the present study evaluated a therapeutic protocol designed overcome the immune barrier by combining myeloid cell targeted immunotherapy with tumor vaccination. Experimental Design We utilized a spontaneously occurring canine glioma model to investigate an oral TME modifying immunotherapy in conjunction with cancer stem cell (CSC) vaccination. Dogs were treated daily with losartan (monocyte migration inhibitor) and propranolol (myeloid-derived suppressor cell depleting agent) plus anti-CSC vaccination on a bi-weekly then monthly schedule. Tumor volume was monitored by MRI and correlated with patient immune responses. Results Ten dogs with histologically confirmed gliomas were enrolled into a prospective, open-label clinical trial to evaluate the immunotherapy protocol. Partial tumor regression was observed in 2 dogs, while 6 dogs experienced stable disease, for an overall clinical benefit rate of 80%. Overall survival times (median = 351 days) and progression-free intervals (median = 163 days) were comparable to prior studies evaluating surgical debulking followed by immunotherapy. Dogs with detectable anti-CSC antibody responses had an increased overall survival time relative to dogs that did not generate antibody responses (vaccine responder MST = 500 days; vaccine non-responder MST = 218 days; p = 0.02). Conclusions These findings suggest that combining myeloid cell targeted oral immunotherapy with tumor vaccination can generate objective tumor responses, even in the absence of conventional therapy. Overall, this approach has promise as a readily implemented therapeutic strategy for use in brain cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan T. Ammons
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Amanda Guth
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Aaron J. Rozental
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Jade Kurihara
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Angela J. Marolf
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Lyndah Chow
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - John F. Griffin
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas
| | - Rebecca Makii
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Brittany MacQuiddy
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Mary-Keara Boss
- Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Daniel P. Regan
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Chad Frank
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Stephanie McGrath
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Rebecca A. Packer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - Steven Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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18
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Silver A, Feier D, Ghosh T, Rahman M, Huang J, Sarkisian MR, Deleyrolle LP. Heterogeneity of glioblastoma stem cells in the context of the immune microenvironment and geospatial organization. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1022716. [PMID: 36338705 PMCID: PMC9628999 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1022716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely aggressive and incurable primary brain tumor with a 10-year survival of just 0.71%. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are thought to seed GBM's inevitable recurrence by evading standard of care treatment, which combines surgical resection, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, contributing to this grim prognosis. Effective targeting of CSCs could result in insights into GBM treatment resistance and development of novel treatment paradigms. There is a major ongoing effort to characterize CSCs, understand their interactions with the tumor microenvironment, and identify ways to eliminate them. This review discusses the diversity of CSC lineages present in GBM and how this glioma stem cell (GSC) mosaicism drives global intratumoral heterogeneity constituted by complex and spatially distinct local microenvironments. We review how a tumor's diverse CSC populations orchestrate and interact with the environment, especially the immune landscape. We also discuss how to map this intricate GBM ecosystem through the lens of metabolism and immunology to find vulnerabilities and new ways to disrupt the equilibrium of the system to achieve improved disease outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryeh Silver
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Diana Feier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Tanya Ghosh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Maryam Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jianping Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sarkisian
- Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Loic P. Deleyrolle
- Department of Neurosurgery, Adam Michael Rosen Neuro-Oncology Laboratories, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States,*Correspondence: Loic P. Deleyrolle,
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19
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Chen B, Zhou X, Yang L, Zhou H, Meng M, Wu H, Liu Z, Zhang L, Li C. Glioma stem cell signature predicts the prognosis and the response to tumor treating fields treatment. CNS Neurosci Ther 2022; 28:2148-2162. [PMID: 36070228 PMCID: PMC9627385 DOI: 10.1111/cns.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioma stem cells (GSCs) play an important role in glioma recurrence and chemo-radiotherapy (CRT) resistance. Currently, there is a lack of efficient treatment approaches targeting GSCs. This study aimed to explore the potential personalized treatment of patients with GSC-enriched gliomas. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to identify the GSC-related genes. Then, machine learning methods were applied for clustering and validation. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) and COX regression were used to construct the risk scores. Survival analysis was performed. Additionally, the incidence of chemo-radiotherapy resistance, immunotherapy status, and tumor treating field (TTF) therapy response were evaluated in high- and low-risk scores groups. RESULTS Two GSC clusters exhibited significantly different stemness indices, immune microenvironments, and genomic alterations. Based on GSC clusters, 11-gene GSC risk scores were constructed, which exhibited a high predictive value for prognosis. In terms of therapy, patients with high GSC risk scores had a higher risk of resistance to chemotherapy. TTF therapy can comprehensively inhibit the malignant biological characteristics of the high GSC-risk-score gliomas. CONCLUSION Our study constructed a GSC signature consisting of 11 GSC-specific genes and identified its prognostic value in gliomas. TTF is a promising therapeutic approach for patients with GSC-enriched glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xiaoxi Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liting Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hongshu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Ming Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Third Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Zhixiong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Liyang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Chuntao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Hypothalamic‐Pituitary Research Center, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina,Clinical Diagnosis and Therapy Center for Glioma, Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaChina
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20
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Off the Clock: the Non-canonical Roles of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in Neural and Glioma Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:6805-6816. [PMID: 36042143 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-03009-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Glioma stem cells (GSCs) are thought to drive growth and therapy resistance in glioblastoma (GBM) by "hijacking" at least a subset of signaling pathways active in normal neural stem cells (NSCs). Though the origins of GSCs still remain elusive, uncovering the mechanisms of self-renewing division and cell differentiation in normal NSCs has shed light on their dysfunction in GSCs. However, the distinction between self-renewing division pathways utilized by NSC and GSC becomes critical when considering options for therapeutically targeting signaling pathways that are specifically active or altered in GSCs. It is well-established that cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) regulate the cell cycle, yet more recent studies have shown that CDKs also play important roles in the regulation of neuronal survival, metabolism, differentiation, and self-renewal. The intimate relationship between cell cycle regulation and the cellular programs that determine self-renewing division versus cell differentiation is only beginning to be understood, yet seems to suggest potential differential vulnerabilities in GSCs. In this timely review, we focus on the role of CDKs in regulating the self-renewal properties of normal NSCs and GSCs, highlighting novel opportunities to therapeutically target self-renewing signaling pathways specifically in GBM.
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21
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Targeting Glioblastoma Stem Cells to Overcome Chemoresistance: An Overview of Current Therapeutic Strategies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10061308. [PMID: 35740330 PMCID: PMC9220281 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10061308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most malignant primary brain tumor. The current standard approach in GBM is surgery, followed by treatment with radiation and temozolomide (TMZ); however, GBM is highly resistant to current therapies, and the standard of care has not been revised over the last two decades, indicating an unmet need for new therapies. GBM stem cells (GSCs) are a major cause of chemoresistance due to their ability to confer heterogeneity and tumorigenic capacity. To improve patient outcomes and survival, it is necessary to understand the properties and mechanisms underlying GSC chemoresistance. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on various resistance mechanisms of GBM to therapeutic agents, with a special focus on TMZ, and summarize the recent findings on the intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms of chemoresistance in GSCs. We also discuss novel therapeutic strategies, including molecular targeting, autophagy inhibition, oncolytic viral therapy, drug repositioning, and targeting of GSC niches, to eliminate GSCs, from basic research findings to ongoing clinical trials. Although the development of effective therapies for GBM is still challenging, this review provides a better understanding of GSCs and offers future directions for successful GBM therapy.
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22
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Abstract
The discovery of immune checkpoints (ICs) and the development of specific blockers to relieve immune effector cells from this inhibiting mechanism has changed the view of anti-cancer therapy. In addition to cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and programmed death 1 (PD1), classical ICs of T lymphocytes and recently described also on a fraction of natural killer (NK) cells, several NK cell receptors, including killer immunoglobulin-like inhibitory receptors (KIRs) and NGK2A, have been recognized as checkpoint members typical of the NK cell population. This offers the opportunity of a dual-checkpoint inhibition approach, targeting classical and non-classical ICs and leading to a synergistic therapeutic effect. In this review, we will overview and discuss this new perspective, focusing on the most relevant candidates for this role among the variety of potential NK ICs. Beside listing and defining classical ICs expressed also by NK cells, or non-classical ICs either on T or on NK cells, we will address their role in NK cell survival, chronic stimulation or functional exhaustion, and the potential relevance of this phenomenon on anti-tumor immune response. Furthermore, NK ICs will be proposed as possible new targets for the development of efficient combined immunotherapy, not forgetting the relevant concerns that may be raised on NK IC blockade. Finally, the impact of epigenetic drugs in such a complex therapeutic picture will be briefly addressed.
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23
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Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Cellular Interactions. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14041092. [PMID: 35205842 PMCID: PMC8870579 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This paper summarizes the crosstalk between tumor/non-tumor cells and other elements of the glioblastoma (GB) microenvironment. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and GB is considered the most lethal tumor of the central nervous system (CNS). The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be a key factor for the ineffective treatment since the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the TME and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy. Abstract The central nervous system (CNS) represents a complex network of different cells, such as neurons, glial cells, and blood vessels. In tumor pathology, glial cells result in the highest number of cancers, and glioblastoma (GB) is considered the most lethal tumor in this region. The development of GB leads to the infiltration of healthy tissue through the interaction between all the elements of the brain network. This results in a GB microenvironment, a complex peritumoral hallo composed of tumor cells and several non-tumor cells (e.g., nervous cells, stem cells, fibroblasts, vascular and immune cells), which might be the principal factor for the ineffective treatment due to the fact that the microenvironment modulates the biologic status of the tumor with the increase in its evasion capacity. Crosstalk between glioma cells and the brain microenvironment finally inhibits the beneficial action of molecular pathways, favoring the development and invasion of the tumor and its increasing resistance to treatment. A deeper understanding of cell–cell interactions in the tumor microenvironment (TME) and with the tumor cells could be the basis for a more efficient therapy.
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24
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Li YJ, Wu JY, Liu J, Qiu X, Xu W, Tang T, Xiang DX. From blood to brain: blood cell-based biomimetic drug delivery systems. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:1214-1225. [PMID: 34142628 PMCID: PMC8259840 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1937384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain drug delivery remains a major difficulty for several challenges including the blood-brain barrier, lesion spot targeting, and stability during circulation. Blood cells including erythrocytes, platelets, and various subpopulations of leukocytes have distinct features such as long-circulation, natural targeting, and chemotaxis. The development of biomimetic drug delivery systems based on blood cells for brain drug delivery is growing fast by using living cells, membrane coating nanotechnology, or cell membrane-derived nanovesicles. Blood cell-based vehicles are superior delivery systems for their engineering feasibility and versatile delivery ability of chemicals, proteins, and all kinds of nanoparticles. Here, we focus on advances of blood cell-based biomimetic carriers for from blood to brain drug delivery and discuss their translational challenges in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jiang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jun-Yong Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jihua Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohan Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenjie Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Tiantian Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Da-Xiong Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Centre of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, Changsha, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Central South University, Changsha, China
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Independently validated sex-specific nomograms for predicting survival in patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma: NRG Oncology RTOG 0525 and 0825. J Neurooncol 2021; 155:363-372. [PMID: 34761331 PMCID: PMC8651582 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-021-03886-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Background/purpose Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary malignant brain tumor. Sex has been shown to be an important prognostic factor for GBM. The purpose of this study was to develop and independently validate sex-specific nomograms for estimation of individualized GBM survival probabilities using data from 2 independent NRG Oncology clinical trials. Methods This analysis included information on 752 (NRG/RTOG 0525) and 599 (NRG/RTOG 0825) patients with newly diagnosed GBM. The Cox proportional hazard models by sex were developed using NRG/RTOG 0525 and significant variables were identified using a backward selection procedure. The final selected models by sex were then independently validated using NRG/RTOG 0825. Results Final nomograms were built by sex. Age at diagnosis, KPS, MGMT promoter methylation and location of tumor were common significant predictors of survival for both sexes. For both sexes, tumors in the frontal lobes had significantly better survival than tumors of multiple sites. Extent of resection, and use of corticosteroids were significant predictors of survival for males. Conclusions A sex specific nomogram that assesses individualized survival probabilities (6-, 12- and 24-months) for patients with GBM could be more useful than estimation of overall survival as there are factors that differ between males and females. A user friendly online application can be found here—https://npatilshinyappcalculator.shinyapps.io/SexDifferencesInGBM/. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11060-021-03886-5.
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Miles X, Vandevoorde C, Hunter A, Bolcaen J. MDM2/X Inhibitors as Radiosensitizers for Glioblastoma Targeted Therapy. Front Oncol 2021; 11:703442. [PMID: 34307171 PMCID: PMC8296304 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.703442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of the MDM2/X-p53 interaction is recognized as a potential anti-cancer strategy, including the treatment of glioblastoma (GB). In response to cellular stressors, such as DNA damage, the tumor suppression protein p53 is activated and responds by mediating cellular damage through DNA repair, cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Hence, p53 activation plays a central role in cell survival and the effectiveness of cancer therapies. Alterations and reduced activity of p53 occur in 25-30% of primary GB tumors, but this number increases drastically to 60-70% in secondary GB. As a result, reactivating p53 is suggested as a treatment strategy, either by using targeted molecules to convert the mutant p53 back to its wild type form or by using MDM2 and MDMX (also known as MDM4) inhibitors. MDM2 down regulates p53 activity via ubiquitin-dependent degradation and is amplified or overexpressed in 14% of GB cases. Thus, suppression of MDM2 offers an opportunity for urgently needed new therapeutic interventions for GB. Numerous small molecule MDM2 inhibitors are currently undergoing clinical evaluation, either as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapy and/or other targeted agents. In addition, considering the major role of both p53 and MDM2 in the downstream signaling response to radiation-induced DNA damage, the combination of MDM2 inhibitors with radiation may offer a valuable therapeutic radiosensitizing approach for GB therapy. This review covers the role of MDM2/X in cancer and more specifically in GB, followed by the rationale for the potential radiosensitizing effect of MDM2 inhibition. Finally, the current status of MDM2/X inhibition and p53 activation for the treatment of GB is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthene Miles
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Charlot Vandevoorde
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alistair Hunter
- Radiobiology Section, Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Medicine, University of Cape Town and Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Julie Bolcaen
- Radiobiology, Radiation Biophysics Division, Nuclear Medicine Department, iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
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