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Dixon S, O'connor AT, Brooks-Noreiga C, Clark MA, Levy A, Castejon AM. Role of renin angiotensin system inhibitors and metformin in Glioblastoma Therapy: a review. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2024; 94:1-23. [PMID: 38914751 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-024-04686-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly aggressive and incurable disease accounting for about 10,000 deaths in the USA each year. Despite the current treatment approach which includes surgery with chemotherapy and radiation therapy, there remains a high prevalence of recurrence. Notable improvements have been observed in persons receiving concurrent antihypertensive drugs such as renin angiotensin inhibitors (RAS) or the antidiabetic drug metformin with standard therapy. Anti-tumoral effects of RAS inhibitors and metformin have been observed in in vitro and in vivo studies. Although clinical trials have shown mixed results, the potential for the use of RAS inhibitors and metformin as adjuvant GBM therapy remains promising. Nevertheless, evidence suggest that these drugs exert multimodal antitumor actions; by particularly targeting several cancer hallmarks. In this review, we highlight the results of clinical studies using multidrug cocktails containing RAS inhibitors and or metformin added to standard therapy for GBM. In addition, we highlight the possible molecular mechanisms by which these repurposed drugs with an excellent safety profile might elicit their anti-tumoral effects. RAS inhibition elicits anti-inflammatory, anti-angiogenic, and immune sensitivity effects in GBM. However, metformin promotes anti-migratory, anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic effects mainly through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Also, we discussed metformin's potential in targeting both GBM cells as well as GBM associated-stem cells. Finally, we summarize a few drug interactions that may cause an additive or antagonistic effect that may lead to adverse effects and influence treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sashana Dixon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA.
| | - Ann Tenneil O'connor
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Chloe Brooks-Noreiga
- Halmos College of Arts and Sciences, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Michelle A Clark
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Arkene Levy
- Dr. Kiran C. Patel College of Allopathic Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
| | - Ana M Castejon
- Barry and Judy Silverman College of Pharmacy, Nova Southeastern University, Ft. Lauderdale, FL, USA
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Ramzy A, Soliman AH, Hassanein SI, Sebak AA. Multitarget, multiagent PLGA nanoparticles for simultaneous tumor eradication and TME remodeling in a melanoma mouse model. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:491-509. [PMID: 37612575 PMCID: PMC10761550 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01413-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that chemoimmunotherapy has emerged as a key component in the era of cancer immunotherapy, it is challenged by the complex tumor microenvironment (TME) that is jam-packed with cellular and non-cellular immunosuppressive components. The aim of this study was to design a nanoparticulate system capable of sufficiently accumulating in the tumor and spleen to mediate local and systemic immune responses, respectively. The study also aimed to remodel the immunosuppressive TME. For such reasons, multi-functional polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) were engineered to simultaneously eradicate the cancer cells, silence the tumor-associated fibroblasts (TAFs), and re-educate the tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) using doxorubicin, losartan, and metformin, respectively. These agents were also selected for their ability to tip the balance of the splenic immune cells towards immunostimulatory phenotypes. To establish TAM and TAF cultures, normal macrophages and fibroblasts were incubated with B16F10 melanoma cell (Mel)-derived secretome. Drug-loaded PLGA NPs were prepared, characterized, and tested in the target cell types. Organ distribution of fluorescein-loaded PLGA NPs was evaluated in a mouse model of melanoma. Finally, the local and systemic effects of different combination therapy programs were portrayed. The in vitro studies showed that the drug-loaded PLGA NPs could significantly ablate the immunosuppressive nature of Mel and skew TAMs and TAFs towards more favorable phenotypes. While in vivo, PLGA NPs were proven to exhibit long blood circulation time and to localize preferentially in the tumor and the spleen. The combination of either metformin or losartan with doxorubicin was superior to the monotherapy, both locally and systemically. However, the three-agent combo produced detrimental effects in the form of compromised well-being, immune depletion, and metastasis. These findings indicate the potential of TME remodeling as means to prime the tumors for successful chemoimmunotherapy. In addition, they shed light on the importance of the careful use of combination therapies and the necessity of employing dose-reduction strategies. D-NPs doxorubicin-loaded NPs, M-NPs metformin-loaded NPs, L-NPs losartan-loaded NPs, TAMs tumor-associated macrophages, TAFs tumor-associated fibroblasts, PD-L1 programmed death ligand 1, TNF-α tumor necrosis factor alpha, TGF-β transforming growth factor beta, CD206/40/86 cluster of differentiation 206/40/86, α-SMA alpha-smooth muscle actin, MMPs matrix metalloproteases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Ramzy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya H Soliman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Sally I Hassanein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt
| | - Aya A Sebak
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, the German University in Cairo, New Cairo, 11511, Egypt.
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Kumar U, Aich J, Devarajan S. Exploring the repurposing potential of telmisartan drug in breast cancer: an in-silico and in-vitro approach. Anticancer Drugs 2023; 34:1094-1103. [PMID: 36847075 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Anticancer drug resistance is one of the biggest hurdles in the treatment of breast cancer. Drug repurposing is a viable option fordeveloping novel medical treatment strategies since this method is more cost-efficient and rapid. Antihypertensive medicines have recently been found to have pharmacological features that could be used to treat cancer, making them effective candidates for therapeutic repurposing. The goal of our research is to find a potent antihypertensive drug that can be repurposed as adjuvant therapy for breast cancer. In this study, virtual screening was performed using a set of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved antihypertensive drugs as ligands with selected receptor proteins (EGFR, KRAS, P53, AGTR1, AGTR2, and ACE) assuming these proteins are regarded to have a significant role in hypertension as well as breast cancer. Further, our in-silico results were further confirmed by an in-vitro experiment (cytotoxicity assay). All the compounds (enalapril, atenolol, acebutolol, propranolol, amlodipine, verapamil, doxazosin, prazosin, hydralazine, irbesartan, telmisartan, candesartan, and aliskiren) showed remarkable affinity towards the target receptor proteins. However, maximum affinity was displayed by telmisartan. Cell-based cytotoxicity study of telmisartan in MCF7 (breast cancer cell line) confirmed the anticancer effect of telmisartan. IC50 of the drug was calculated to be 7.75 µM and at this concentration, remarkable morphological alterations were observed in the MCF7 cells confirming its cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells. Based on both in-silico and in-vitro studies, we can conclude that telmisartan appears to be a promising drug repurposing candidate for the therapeutic treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urwashi Kumar
- School of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, D.Y. Patil Deemed to Be University, CBD Belapur, Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Halma MTJ, Tuszynski JA, Marik PE. Cancer Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target and Review of Interventions. Nutrients 2023; 15:4245. [PMID: 37836529 PMCID: PMC10574675 DOI: 10.3390/nu15194245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is amenable to low-cost treatments, given that it has a significant metabolic component, which can be affected through diet and lifestyle change at minimal cost. The Warburg hypothesis states that cancer cells have an altered cell metabolism towards anaerobic glycolysis. Given this metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells, it is possible to target cancers metabolically by depriving them of glucose. In addition to dietary and lifestyle modifications which work on tumors metabolically, there are a panoply of nutritional supplements and repurposed drugs associated with cancer prevention and better treatment outcomes. These interventions and their evidentiary basis are covered in the latter half of this review to guide future cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T. J. Halma
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- EbMC Squared CIC, Bath BA2 4BL, UK
| | - Jack A. Tuszynski
- Department of Physics, University of Alberta, 11335 Saskatchewan Dr NW, Edmonton, AB T6G 2M9, Canada
- Department of Data Science and Engineering, The Silesian University of Technology, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
- DIMEAS, Politecnico di Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, I-1029 Turin, Italy
| | - Paul E. Marik
- Frontline COVID-19 Critical Care Alliance, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Regulska K, Michalak M, Kolenda T, Kozłowska-Masłoń J, Guglas K, Stanisz B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors for ovarian cancer? - a new adjuvant option or a silent trap. Rep Pract Oncol Radiother 2023; 28:551-564. [PMID: 37795232 PMCID: PMC10547424 DOI: 10.5603/rpor.a2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is a huge therapeutic and financial problem for which approved treatments have already achieved their limit of efficiency. A cost-effective strategy to extend therapeutic options in this malignancy is drug repurposing aimed at overcoming chemoresistance. Here, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-I) are worth considering. Materials and methods We searched literature for publications supporting the idea of adjuvant application of ACE-Is in ovarian malignancy. Then, we searched The Cancer Genome Atlas databases for relevant alternations of gene expression patterns. We also performed in silico structure-activity relationship evaluation for predicting ACE-Is' cytotoxicity against ovarian cancer cell lines. Finally, we reviewed the potential obstacles in ACE-Is repurposing process. Results The alternation of angiotensin receptor expression in ovarian cancer translates into poorer patient survival. This confirms the participation of the renin-angiotensin system in ovarian carcinogenesis. In observational studies, ACE-Is were shown synergize with both, platinum-based chemotherapy as well as with antiangiogenic therapy. Consistently, our in silico simulation showed that ACE-Is are probably cytotoxic against ovarian cancer cells. However, the publications on their chemopreventive properties were inconclusive. In addition, some reports correlated ACE-Is use with increased general cancer incidence. We hypothesized that this effect could be associated with mutagenic nitrosamine formation in ACE-Is' pharmaceutical formulations, as was the case with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) and other well-established pharmaceuticals. Conclusions Available data warrant further research into repositioning ACE-Is to ovarian cancer as chemosensitizers. Prior to this, however, a special research program is needed to detect possible genotoxic contaminants of ACE-Is.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Regulska
- Pharmacy, Greater Poland Cancer Centre, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Biopharmacy, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland, Collegium Pharmaceuticum, Poznan, Poland
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Marcin Michalak
- Surgical, Oncological and Endoscopic Gynaecology Department, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kolenda
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
| | - Joanna Kozłowska-Masłoń
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kacper Guglas
- Research and Implementation Unit, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics, Greater Poland Cancer Center, Poznan, Poland
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
| | - Beata Stanisz
- Chair and Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Hijazi MA, Gessner A, El-Najjar N. Repurposing of Chronically Used Drugs in Cancer Therapy: A Chance to Grasp. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3199. [PMID: 37370809 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15123199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the advancement in drug discovery for cancer therapy, drug repurposing remains an exceptional opportunistic strategy. This approach offers many advantages (faster, safer, and cheaper drugs) typically needed to overcome increased challenges, i.e., side effects, resistance, and costs associated with cancer therapy. However, not all drug classes suit a patient's condition or long-time use. For that, repurposing chronically used medications is more appealing. This review highlights the importance of repurposing anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs in the global fight against human malignancies. Extensive searches of all available evidence (up to 30 March 2023) on the anti-cancer activities of anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive agents are obtained from multiple resources (PubMed, Google Scholar, ClinicalTrials.gov, Drug Bank database, ReDo database, and the National Institutes of Health). Interestingly, more than 92 clinical trials are evaluating the anti-cancer activity of 14 anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive drugs against more than 15 cancer types. Moreover, some of these agents have reached Phase IV evaluations, suggesting promising official release as anti-cancer medications. This comprehensive review provides current updates on different anti-diabetic and anti-hypertensive classes possessing anti-cancer activities with the available evidence about their mechanism(s) and stage of development and evaluation. Hence, it serves researchers and clinicians interested in anti-cancer drug discovery and cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Ali Hijazi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beirut Arab University, Beirut P.O. Box 11-5020, Lebanon
| | - André Gessner
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nahed El-Najjar
- Institute of Clinical Microbiology and Hygiene, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
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Weng N, Zhang Z, Tan Y, Zhang X, Wei X, Zhu Q. Repurposing antifungal drugs for cancer therapy. J Adv Res 2023; 48:259-273. [PMID: 36067975 PMCID: PMC10248799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jare.2022.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repurposing antifungal drugs in cancer therapy has attracted unprecedented attention in both preclinical and clinical research due to specific advantages, such as safety, high-cost effectiveness and time savings compared with cancer drug discovery. The surprising and encouraging efficacy of antifungal drugs in cancer therapy, mechanistically, is attributed to the overlapping targets or molecular pathways between fungal and cancer pathogenesis. Advancements in omics, informatics and analytical technology have led to the discovery of increasing "off-site" targets from antifungal drugs involved in cancerogenesis, such as smoothened (D477G) inhibition from itraconazole in basal cell carcinoma. AIM OF REVIEW This review illustrates several antifungal drugs repurposed for cancer therapy and reveals the underlying mechanism based on their original target and "off-site" target. Furthermore, the challenges and perspectives for the future development and clinical applications of antifungal drugs for cancer therapy are also discussed, providing a refresh understanding of drug repurposing. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW This review may provide a basic understanding of repurposed antifungal drugs for clinical cancer management, thereby helping antifungal drugs broaden new indications and promote clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningna Weng
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China; Department of Medical Oncology, Fujian Cancer Hospital & Fujian Medical University Cancer Hospital, Fujian 350011, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China; Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yunhan Tan
- West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- Department of Abdominal Oncology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, PR China.
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Wołowiec Ł, Grześk G, Osiak J, Wijata A, Mędlewska M, Gaborek P, Banach J, Wołowiec A, Głowacka M. Beta-blockers in cardiac arrhythmias-Clinical pharmacologist's point of view. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1043714. [PMID: 36699057 PMCID: PMC9868422 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1043714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
β-blockers is a vast group of antiarrhythmic drugs which differ in their pharmacokinetic and chemical properties. Some of them block β-adrenergic receptors selectively while the others work non-selectively. Consequently, they reduce the influence of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart, acting negatively inotropic, chronotropic, bathmotropic and dromotropic. Although they have been present in medicine since the beginning of the 1960s, they still play a crucial role in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. They are also first-line group of drugs used to control the ventricular rate in patients with the most common arrhythmia-atrial fibrillation. Previous reports indicate that infection with SARS-CoV-2 virus may constitute an additional risk factor for arrhythmia. Due to the aging of the population in developed countries and the increase in the number of patients with cardiac burden, the number of people suffering from cardiac arrhythmias will increase in the upcoming years. As a result the role of above-mentioned beta-blockers will remain significant. Particularly noteworthy is propranolol-the oldest beta adrenergic antagonist, which in recent years has found additional applications due to its unique properties. In this article, we reviewed the accessible literature and summarized the current guidelines on the use of beta-blockers in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland,*Correspondence: Łukasz Wołowiec,
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Osiak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Wijata
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Martyna Mędlewska
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Patryk Gaborek
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Wołowiec
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Inácio Â, Aguiar L, Carrilho R, Pires P, Ferreira J, Coelho L, Mascarenhas MR, Sardinha L, Bilhim T, Pisco J, Bicho M, Bicho MC. Genetic Contribution of the Adrenergic, Cholinergic, and Serotonergic Systems to Leiomyoma Development and Treatment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR AND CELLULAR MEDICINE 2023; 12:320-334. [PMID: 39006196 PMCID: PMC11240054 DOI: 10.22088/ijmcm.bums.12.4.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
The link between the autonomic nervous system and tumor biology is being unfold. We aim to study the contribution of genes of the adrenergic (ADBR2 - rs1042713, NM_000024.6:c.46G>A, NP_000015.2:p. Gly16Arg), cholinergic (CHRNA5 - rs16969968, NM_000745.3:c.1192G>A, NP_000736.2:p.Asp398Asn), and serotonergic systems (SLC6A4 - 5-HTTVNTR-intron2, HTR2A - rs6313, NM_000621.5:c.102C>T, NP_ 001365853 .1: p. Ser 34=) to gynecological tumorigenesis and their treatment by embolization. A total of 517 DNA samples from women were analyzed. Samples were genotyped by PCR, PCR-RFLP and EndPoint genotyping. Results show a statistically significant association between the AA genotype of the ADBR2 gene and GG genotype of the CHRNA5 gene with leiomyoma (OR = 2.311; p = 0.003 and OR = 2.165; p = 0.001, respectively), and the epistatic interaction between genotypes increases the risk (OR = 2.458; p= 0.043). The GG genotype (CHRNA5) shows a lower reduction of the volume of the main leiomyoma after treatment (p=0.015). Combination of the genotypes 12/12-AA (SLC6A4 - ADBR2) increases the risk to leiomyoma (OR = 2.540, p= 0.030). TT genotype of HTR2A gene in combination with any of the two risk genotypes (of ADBR2 or CHRNA5) increases substantially the risk (OR = 5.266, p = 0.006; OR = 6.364, p=0.007, respectively). We conclude that ADBR2 and CHRNA5 genes have a relevant role that is enhanced by the epistatic relationship with the genes HTR2A and SLC6A4. CHRNA5 gene may also be a modulator of the success of embolization. We confirm the contribution of the genetics of Autonomous Nervous System to tumor biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ângel Inácio
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Laura Aguiar
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Raquel Carrilho
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Patrícia Pires
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Joana Ferreira
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Coelho
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Mário Rui Mascarenhas
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Clínica de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo de Lisboa, Avenida António Augusto Aguiar 56-r/c-D, 1050-017, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís Sardinha
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Estudo da Performance Humana, Faculdade de Motricidade Humana da Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada da Costa 1499-002 Cruz Quebrada, Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Tiago Bilhim
- Serviço de Radiologia de Intervenção do Hospital Saint Louis, R. Luz Soriano 182, 1200-249 Lisboa, Portugal
- Nova Medical School, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Pisco
- Serviço de Radiologia de Intervenção do Hospital Saint Louis, R. Luz Soriano 182, 1200-249 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Manuel Bicho
- Instituto de Investigação Científica Bento da Rocha Cabral, Calçada Bento Rocha Cabral, 14, 1257-047 Lisboa, Portugal
- Laboratório de Genética, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Clara Bicho
- Instituto de Saúde Ambiental, Laboratório Associado TERRA, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Preventiva e Saúde Publica, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
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10
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Spironolactone Induces Apoptotic Cell Death in Human Glioblastoma U87-MG Cancer Cells. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CANCER MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.5812/ijcm-128738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Background: Spironolactone is a conventional drug widely in use for the treatment of heart failure and hypertension patients. On the other side recent studies have reported spironolactone can prevent growth and drug resistance in cancer stem cells (CSCs), by inhibiting DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair; suggesting its potential application in cancer therapy. Objectives: Our study aimed at assessing the potential cytotoxicity of spironolactone in human U87-MG glioblastoma cells. Methods: Different concentrations of spironolactone (0 - 50 μM) for 48 and 72 h were used for treatment. Cell viability assay was carried out by the 4, 5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl, 2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium (MTT) method. Apoptosis was evaluated using annexin V/PI staining and flow cytometry and colorimetric measurement of caspase 8 and 9 activity. Results: Our findings showed a significant dose-dependent cytotoxic effect of spironolactone with maximum effect in 30 μM (P-value < 0.05). Spironolactone can induce approximately 20% apoptotic cell death in U87-MG cancer cells which were mainly related to early apoptotic cells. Indeed, the activity of caspase 8 and 9 was significantly elevated in spironolactone-treated cells compared to mock control. Conclusions: Findings showed the cytotoxic effect of spironolactone in U87-MG glioblastoma cancer cells in a mechanism dependent on apoptosis cell death induction. Our findings suggest the potential application of spironolactone in the treatment of glioblastoma in vitro.
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Farhan HA, Yaseen IF, Alomar M, Lenihan D, Dent S, Lyon AR. Global pattern of cardiovascular disease management in patients with cancer and impact of COVID-19 on drug selection: IRAQ—IC-OS survey-based study. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:979631. [PMID: 36211547 PMCID: PMC9532627 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.979631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundRegional variations in cardiovascular disease (CVD) and CVD management are well known. However, there is limited information on geographical variations in the discipline of Cardio-Oncology, including both the nature of CVD in patients with cancer and its management. Furthermore, during the recent COVID-19 pandemic, CV care for patients was disrupted resulting in an unknown impact on cardio-oncology services.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to identify the regional variations in the management of CVD among patients with cancer and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the selection of cardiovascular drugs in cardio-oncology.MethodsAn online survey was conducted by the Iraq Chapter of the International Cardio-Oncology Society (IC-OS). The survey was shared with cardiologists and oncologists in all seven continents to identify whether regional variations exist in cardio-oncology daily practice.ResultsFrom April to July 2021, 140 participants responded to the survey, including cardiologists (72.9%) and oncologists (27.1%). Most of the respondents were from the Middle East (26.4%), North America (25%), Latin America and the Caribbean (25%), and Europe (20.7%). Baseline CV risk assessment in patients with cancer using the HFA/IC-OS score was reported in 75.7% of respondents (78.4% cardiologists and 68.4% oncologists). Hypertension was the most common CVD treated by the survey respondents globally (52.1%) unlike in Europe where heart failure was the most prominent CVD (51.7%). The blood pressure cutoff value to initiate hypertension management is >140/90 mmHg globally (72.9%), but in North America (48.6%) it was >130/80 mmHg. In the Middle East, 43.2% of respondents do not use cardioprotective medication. During the COVID-19 pandemic, 10.7% of respondents changed their practice, such as switching from prescribing ACEI to ARB. Apixaban is the main anticoagulant used in patients with cancer (32.9%); however, in cancer patients with COVID-19 infection, the majority used enoxaparin (31.4%).ConclusionMore than three-quarters of cardiologists and oncologists responding to the survey are using HFA/IC-OS proformas. The survey showed regional variations in the management of CVD on different continents. The use of cardioprotective agents was limited in some regions including the Middle East. COVID-19 pandemic impacted daily practice on the selection and switching of cardiovascular drugs including ACEI/ARB and the choice of anticoagulants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Ali Farhan
- Scientific Council of Cardiology, Iraqi Board for Medical Specializations, Baghdad, Iraq
- Baghdad Heart Center, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Israa Fadhil Yaseen
- Baghdad Heart Center, Baghdad Teaching Hospital, Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq
- *Correspondence: Israa Fadhil Yaseen
| | - Mohammed Alomar
- University of South Florida, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Daniel Lenihan
- International Cardio-Oncology Society, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Susan Dent
- Department of Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Alexander R. Lyon
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
- Cardio-Oncology Service, Royal Brompton Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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Gales L, Forsea L, Mitrea D, Stefanica I, Stanculescu I, Mitrica R, Georgescu M, Trifanescu O, Anghel R, Serbanescu L. Antidiabetics, Anthelmintics, Statins, and Beta-Blockers as Co-Adjuvant Drugs in Cancer Therapy. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58091239. [PMID: 36143915 PMCID: PMC9503803 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Over the last years, repurposed agents have provided growing evidence of fast implementation in oncology treatment such as certain antimalarial, anthelmintic, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic, antidiabetic agents. In this study, the four agents of choice were present in our patients’ daily treatment for nonmalignant-associated pathology and have known, light toxicity profiles. It is quite common for a given patient’s daily administration schedule to include two or three of these drugs for the duration of their treatment. We chose to review the latest literature concerning metformin, employed as a first-line treatment for type 2 diabetes; mebendazole, as an anthelmintic; atorvastatin, as a cholesterol-lowering drug; propranolol, used in cardiovascular diseases as a nonspecific inhibitor of beta-1 and beta-2 adrenergic receptors. At the same time, certain key action mechanisms make them feasible antitumor agents such as for mitochondrial ETC inhibition, activation of the enzyme adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase, amelioration of endogenous hyperinsulinemia, inhibition of selective tyrosine kinases (i.e., VEGFR2, TNIK, and BRAF), and mevalonate pathway inhibition. Despite the abundance of results from in vitro and in vivo studies, the only solid data from randomized clinical trials confirm metformin-related oncological benefits for only a small subset of nondiabetic patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and early-stage colorectal cancer. At the same time, clinical studies confirm metformin-related detrimental/lack of an effect for lung, breast, prostate cancer, and glioblastoma. For atorvastatin we see a clinical oncological benefit in patients and head and neck cancer, with a trend towards radioprotection of critical structures, thus supporting the role of atorvastatin as a promising agent for concomitant association with radiotherapy. Propranolol-related increased outcomes were seen in clinical studies in patients with melanoma, breast cancer, and sarcoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurentia Gales
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Oncology, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Leyla Forsea
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Diana Mitrea
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stefanica
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Irina Stanculescu
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Radu Mitrica
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +40-741-964-311
| | - Mihai Georgescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Oana Trifanescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Rodica Anghel
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Luiza Serbanescu
- Department of Oncology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine & Pharmacy, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Radiotherapy, “Prof. Dr. Alexandru Trestioreanu” Institute of Oncology, 022328 Bucharest, Romania
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Kodama K, Kawaoka T, Kosaka M, Johira Y, Shirane Y, Miura R, Yano S, Murakami S, Amioka K, Naruto K, Ando Y, Kosaka Y, Uchikawa S, Fujino H, Nakahara T, Murakami E, Okamoto W, Yamauchi M, Miki D, Imamura M, Kuroda S, Kobayashi T, Ohdan H, Aikata H, Chayama K. Calcium channel blockers improve the prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma after resection. J Gastroenterol 2022; 57:676-683. [PMID: 35849192 DOI: 10.1007/s00535-022-01887-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma is the second most common primary cancer of the liver. It is highly malignant and its prognosis is very poor. Although there have been various reports on the effects of calcium channel blockers on cancer, the effects of calcium channel blockers on intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma have not been reported so far. METHODS Seventy-nine patients diagnosed with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma by hepatectomy between January 2002 and May 2019 were retrospectively evaluated. We compared prognosis and time to recurrence between patients treated with calcium channel blockers (CCBs) (n = 29) and those not treated with CCBs (n = 50). Propensity score matching reduced confounding biases and yielded 25 matched patient pairs. Survival between groups was compared using Kaplan-Meier analyses, logrank tests, and Cox proportional hazard regression models. RESULTS Overall survival and recurrence-free survival of the CCBs group were significantly longer than those of the non-CCBs group OS in the original cohort and matched cohort (98 months vs 45 months, p = 0.010; 96 months vs 22 months, p = 0.020, respectively). Multivariate analyses showed that CCBs treatment was independently associated with overall survival (HR, 0.37; 95% CI 0.16-0.85; p = 0.019) and recurrence-free survival (HR, 0.39; 95% CI 0.17-0.90; p = 0.020) in the original cohort and matched cohort, respectively. CONCLUSION CCBs treatment might improve prognosis of patients with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichiro Kodama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Kawaoka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masanari Kosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yusuke Johira
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuki Shirane
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Ryoichi Miura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shigeki Yano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Serami Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kei Amioka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Kensuke Naruto
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yuwa Ando
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Yumi Kosaka
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Uchikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hatsue Fujino
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Nakahara
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Eisuke Murakami
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Wataru Okamoto
- Cancer Treatment Center, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Masami Yamauchi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Daiki Miki
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Michio Imamura
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Shintaro Kuroda
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hideki Ohdan
- Department of Gastroenterological and Transplant Surgery, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Science, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan.,Collaborative Research Laboratory of Medical Innovation, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
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Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharya K, Xavier VJ, Ziarati A, Picard D, Bürgi T. The Atomically Precise Gold/Captopril Nanocluster Au 25(Capt) 18 Gains Anticancer Activity by Inhibiting Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:29521-29536. [PMID: 35729793 PMCID: PMC9266621 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c05054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) are an emerging class of quantum-sized nanomaterials with well-defined molecular structures and unique biophysical properties, rendering them highly attractive for biological applications. We set out to study the impact of different ligand shells of atomically similar nanoclusters on cellular recognition and response. To understand the effects of atomically precise nanoclusters with identical composition on cells, we selected two different water-soluble gold nanoclusters protected with captopril (Capt) and glutathione (GSH): Au25(Capt)18 (CNC) and Au25(GSH)18 (GNC), respectively. We demonstrated that a change of the ligand of the cluster completely changes its biological functions. Whereas both nanoclusters are capable of internalization, only CNC exhibits remarkable cytotoxicity, more specifically on cancer cells. CNC shows enhanced cytotoxicity by inhibiting the OXPHOS of mitochondria, possibly by inhibiting the ATP synthase complex of the electron transport chain (ETC), and by initiating the leakage of electrons into the mitochondrial lumen. The resulting increase in both mitochondrial and total cellular ROS triggers cell death indicated by the appearance of cellular markers of apoptosis. Remarkably, this effect of nanoclusters is independent of any external light source excitation. Our findings point to the prevailing importance of the ligand shell for applications of atomically precise nanoclusters in biology and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarita
Roy Bhattacharya
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kaushik Bhattacharya
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Vanessa Joanne Xavier
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Abolfazl Ziarati
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Didier Picard
- Department
of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University
of Geneva, Sciences III, Geneva 1205, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department
of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
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Combinatorial Therapy of Cancer: Possible Advantages of Involving Modulators of Ionic Mechanisms. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112703. [PMID: 35681682 PMCID: PMC9179511 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Cancer, which is a major health problem, is a complex disease. Currently, the main treatment methods are surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biological therapies. The latter include hormonal therapies, inhibitors of growth-promoting tyrosine kinase enzymes, and immunotherapy which aims to activate the immune system to destroy tumors. Whilst all these methods work, efficacy is often limited in time (with tumors gradually becoming resistant to treatment). Furthermore, undesirable side effects, which can seriously curtail quality of life, are common. Consequently, in addition to new treatment modalities constantly being developed, it is even more expedient to make existing therapies more effective by combining them with each other or with other agents. Here, we evaluate the evidence for the effectiveness of combining conventional cancer treatments with modulators of ionic mechanisms, mainly channels that permeate sodium, calcium and potassium. We conclude, in every case, that such combinations can produce improved outcome by making given treatments more effective and reducing the undesirable side effects. In addition, ionic modulators by themselves can exert anti-cancer effects. Abstract Cancer is a global health problem that 1 in 2–3 people can expect to experience during their lifetime. Several different modalities exist for cancer management, but all of these suffer from significant shortcomings in both diagnosis and therapy. Apart from developing completely new therapies, a viable way forward is to improve the efficacy of the existing modalities. One way is to combine these with each other or with other complementary approaches. An emerging latter approach is derived from ionic mechanisms, mainly ion channels and exchangers. We evaluate the evidence for this systematically for the main treatment methods: surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and targeted therapies (including monoclonal antibodies, steroid hormones, tyrosine kinase inhibitors and immunotherapy). In surgery, the possible systemic use of local anesthetics to suppress subsequent relapse is still being discussed. For all the other methods, there is significant positive evidence for several cancers and a range of modulators of ionic mechanisms. This applies also to some of the undesirable side effects of the treatments. In chemotherapy, for example, there is evidence for co-treatment with modulators of the potassium channel (Kv11.1), pH regulation (sodium–hydrogen exchanger) and Na+-K+-ATPase (digoxin). Voltage-gated sodium channels, shown previously to promote metastasis, appear to be particularly useful for co-targeting with inhibitors of tyrosine kinases, especially epidermal growth factor. It is concluded that combining current orthodox treatment modalities with modulators of ionic mechanisms can produce beneficial effects including (i) making the treatment more effective, e.g., by lowering doses; (ii) avoiding the onset of resistance to therapy; (iii) reducing undesirable side effects. However, in many cases, prospective clinical trials are needed to put the findings firmly into clinical context.
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Fan Y, Khan NH, Farhan Ali Khan M, Ahammad MDF, Zulfiqar T, Virk R, Jiang E. Association of Hypertension and Breast Cancer: Antihypertensive Drugs as an Effective Adjunctive in Breast Cancer Therapy. Cancer Manag Res 2022; 14:1323-1329. [PMID: 35392356 PMCID: PMC8982807 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s350854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy affecting women, and its incidence in younger women is rising worldwide. Early-onset of BC is a multi-step process involving various biological aggressive tumors such as triple negative and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2)-positive cancers. BC prevention is still arduous across the globe. A series of observational studies have established a conclusive non-genetic clinical link between hypertension (HTN) and the development of invasive BC. Those clinical associations have driven a pharmacological seek to use the anti-hypertension (AHTN) drugs as an effective adjunctive in BC therapy. The use of AHTN, especially beta-blockers and thiazides, has been recognized as a potent anti-tumor drug to mitigate BC progression, reduce the side effects of cancer treatment, and stop the reoccurrence of cancer in the survivors. Considering the dire need to disseminate the research on how AHTN drugs can be opted as the effective adjunctive therapy to cure the BC, the current review aimed to provide an update on novel understandings on association and mechanisms of AHTN-drugs against BC as an additional cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Fan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | - Nazeer Hussain Khan
- School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475004, People’s Republic of China
| | | | - M D Faysal Ahammad
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Immune Engineering, School of Medicine, Henan University, Kaifeng, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tayyaba Zulfiqar
- Department of Pharmacy, Quaid I Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Razia Virk
- Department of Bio-Sciences, University Wah, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Enshe Jiang
- Institute of Nursing and Health, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Enshe Jiang, Email
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