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Rahdan F, Abedi F, Dianat-Moghadam H, Sani MZ, Taghizadeh M, Alizadeh E. Autophagy-based therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: from standard treatments to combination therapy, oncolytic virotherapy, and targeted nanomedicines. Clin Exp Med 2024; 25:13. [PMID: 39621122 PMCID: PMC11611955 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-024-01527-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2024] [Accepted: 11/22/2024] [Indexed: 12/06/2024]
Abstract
Human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been identified as a significant cause of mortality worldwide. In recent years, extensive research has been conducted to understand the underlying mechanisms of autophagy in the pathogenesis of the disease, with the aim of developing novel therapeutic agents. Targeting autophagy with conventional therapies in invasive HCC has opened up new opportunities for treatment. However, the emergence of resistance and the immunosuppressive tumor environment highlight the need for combination therapy or specific targeting, as well as an efficient drug delivery system to ensure targeted tumor areas receive sufficient doses without affecting normal cells or tissues. In this review, we discuss the findings of several studies that have explored autophagy as a potential therapeutic approach in HCC. We also outline the potential and limitations of standard therapies for autophagy modulation in HCC treatment. Additionally, we discuss how different combination therapies, nano-targeted strategies, and oncolytic virotherapy could enhance autophagy-based HCC treatment in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fereshteh Rahdan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abedi
- Clinical Research Development, Unit of Tabriz Valiasr Hospital, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hassan Dianat-Moghadam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
- Pediatric Inherited Diseases Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174673461, Iran.
| | - Maryam Zamani Sani
- Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Laboratories, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghizadeh
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Effat Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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2
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Noruzi S, Mohammadi R, Jamialahmadi K. CRISPR/Cas9 system: a novel approach to overcome chemotherapy and radiotherapy resistance in cancer. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03480-2. [PMID: 39560750 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03480-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 09/21/2024] [Indexed: 11/20/2024]
Abstract
Cancer presents a global health challenge with rising incidence and mortality. Despite treatment advances in cancer therapy, radiotherapy and chemotherapy remained the most common treatments for all types of cancers. However, resistance phenotype in cancer cells leads to unsatisfactory results in the efficiency of therapeutic strategies. Therefore, researchers strive to propose effective solutions to overcome treatment failure, which requires a deep knowledge of treatment-resistant mechanisms. The progression and occurrence of tumors can be attributed to gene mutation. Over the past decade, the emergence of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9) genome editing has revolutionized cancer research. This versatile technology enables cancer modeling, manipulation of specific DNA sequences, and genome-wide screening. CRISPR/Cas9 is an effective tool for identifying radio- and chemoresistance genes and offering potential adjunctive treatments to overcome tumor recurrence after chemo- and radiotherapy. This article aims to explain the potential of the CRISPR/Cas9 system in improving the effectiveness of chemo- and radiotherapy and ultimately overcoming treatment failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somaye Noruzi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Nanotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Rezvan Mohammadi
- Student Research Committee, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Khadijeh Jamialahmadi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Liu X, Qin H, Liu Y, Ma J, Li Y, He Y, Zhu H, Mao L. The biological functions and pathological mechanisms of CASK in various diseases. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28863. [PMID: 38638974 PMCID: PMC11024568 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Background As a scaffold protein, calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase (CASK) has been extensively studied in a variety of tissues throughout the body. The Cask gene is ubiquitous in several tissues, such as the neurons, islets, heart, kidneys and sperm, and is mostly localised in the cytoplasm adjacent to the basement membrane. CASK binds to a variety of proteins through its domains to exerting its biological activity. Scope of review Here, we discuss the role of CASK in multiple tissues throughout the body. The role of different CASK domains in regulating neuronal development, neurotransmitter release and synaptic vesicle secretion was emphasised; the regulatory mechanism of CASK on the function of pancreatic islet β cells was analysed; the role of CASK in cardiac physiology, kidney and sperm development was discussed; and the role of CASK in different tumours was compared. Finally, we clarify the importance of the Cask gene in the body, and how deletion or mutation of the Cask gene can have adverse consequences. Major conclusions CASK is a conserved gene with similar roles in various tissues. The function of the Cask gene in the nervous system is mainly involved in the development of the nervous system and the release of neurotransmitters. In the endocrine system, an involvement of CASK has been reported in the process of insulin vesicle transport. CASK is also involved in cardiomyocyte ion channel regulation, kidney and sperm development, and tumour proliferation. CASK is an indispensable gene for the whole body, and CASK mutations can cause foetal malformations or death at birth. In this review, we summarise the biological functions and pathological mechanisms of CASK in various systems, thereby providing a basis for further in-depth studies of CASK functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingjing Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Haonan Qin
- Department of Orthopedics, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu He
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Department of Electrophysiology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Li Mao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Huaian No.1 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Huaian, Jiangsu Province, China
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de Araújo NS, Moreira ADS, Abreu RDS, Junior VV, Antunes D, Mendonça JB, Sassaro TF, Jurberg AD, Ferreira-Reis R, Bastos NC, Fernandes PV, Guimarães ACR, Degrave WMS, Tilli TM, Waghabi MC. Aptamer-Based Recognition of Breast Tumor Cells: A New Era for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:840. [PMID: 38255914 PMCID: PMC10815801 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of death among women worldwide and can be classified into four major distinct molecular subtypes based on the expression of specific receptors. Despite significant advances, the lack of biomarkers for detailed diagnosis and prognosis remains a major challenge in the field of oncology. This study aimed to identify short single-stranded oligonucleotides known as aptamers to improve breast cancer diagnosis. The Cell-SELEX technique was used to select aptamers specific to the MDA-MB-231 tumor cell line. After selection, five aptamers demonstrated specific recognition for tumor breast cell lines and no binding to non-tumor breast cells. Validation of aptamer specificity revealed recognition of primary and metastatic tumors of all subtypes. In particular, AptaB4 and AptaB5 showed greater recognition of primary tumors and metastatic tissue, respectively. Finally, a computational biology approach was used to identify potential aptamer targets, which indicated that CSKP could interact with AptaB4. These results suggest that aptamers are promising in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment due to their specificity and selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natassia Silva de Araújo
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Aline dos Santos Moreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Rayane da Silva Abreu
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Valdemir Vargas Junior
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Deborah Antunes
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Julia Badaró Mendonça
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Tayanne Felippe Sassaro
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Arnon Dias Jurberg
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (A.D.J.); (R.F.-R.)
- Laboratório de Animais Transgênicos, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Educação Médica (IDOMED), Universidade Estácio de Sá (UNESA)—Campus Vista Carioca, Rio de Janeiro 20071-004, RJ, Brazil
| | - Rafaella Ferreira-Reis
- Laboratório de Pesquisas sobre o Timo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (A.D.J.); (R.F.-R.)
| | - Nina Carrossini Bastos
- Divisão de Patologia (DIPAT), Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil; (N.C.B.); (P.V.F.)
| | - Priscila Valverde Fernandes
- Divisão de Patologia (DIPAT), Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA), Rio de Janeiro 20230-130, RJ, Brazil; (N.C.B.); (P.V.F.)
| | - Ana Carolina Ramos Guimarães
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Wim Maurits Sylvain Degrave
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
| | - Tatiana Martins Tilli
- Laboratório de Fisiopatologia Clínica e Experimental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil;
- Plataforma de Oncologia Translacional, Centro de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico em Saúde, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Mariana Caldas Waghabi
- Laboratório de Genômica Aplicada e Bioinovações, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil; (N.S.d.A.); (A.d.S.M.); (R.d.S.A.); (V.V.J.); (D.A.); (J.B.M.); (T.F.S.); (A.C.R.G.); (W.M.S.D.)
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5
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Tello JA, Jiang L, Zohar Y, Restifo LL. Drosophila CASK regulates brain size and neuronal morphogenesis, providing a genetic model of postnatal microcephaly suitable for drug discovery. Neural Dev 2023; 18:6. [PMID: 37805506 PMCID: PMC10559581 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-023-00174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CASK-related neurodevelopmental disorders are untreatable. Affected children show variable severity, with microcephaly, intellectual disability (ID), and short stature as common features. X-linked human CASK shows dosage sensitivity with haploinsufficiency in females. CASK protein has multiple domains, binding partners, and proposed functions at synapses and in the nucleus. Human and Drosophila CASK show high amino-acid-sequence similarity in all functional domains. Flies homozygous for a hypomorphic CASK mutation (∆18) have motor and cognitive deficits. A Drosophila genetic model of CASK-related disorders could have great scientific and translational value. METHODS We assessed the effects of CASK loss of function on morphological phenotypes in Drosophila using established genetic, histological, and primary neuronal culture approaches. NeuronMetrics software was used to quantify neurite-arbor morphology. Standard nonparametric statistics methods were supplemented by linear mixed effects modeling in some cases. Microfluidic devices of varied dimensions were fabricated and numerous fluid-flow parameters were used to induce oscillatory stress fields on CNS tissue. Dissociation into viable neurons and neurite outgrowth in vitro were assessed. RESULTS We demonstrated that ∆18 homozygous flies have small brains, small heads, and short bodies. When neurons from developing CASK-mutant CNS were cultured in vitro, they grew small neurite arbors with a distinctive, quantifiable "bushy" morphology that was significantly rescued by transgenic CASK+. As in humans, the bushy phenotype showed dosage-sensitive severity. To overcome the limitations of manual tissue trituration for neuronal culture, we optimized the design and operation of a microfluidic system for standardized, automated dissociation of CNS tissue into individual viable neurons. Neurons from CASK-mutant CNS dissociated in the microfluidic system recapitulate the bushy morphology. Moreover, for any given genotype, device-dissociated neurons grew larger arbors than did manually dissociated neurons. This automated dissociation method is also effective for rodent CNS. CONCLUSIONS These biological and engineering advances set the stage for drug discovery using the Drosophila model of CASK-related disorders. The bushy phenotype provides a cell-based assay for compound screening. Nearly a dozen genes encoding CASK-binding proteins or transcriptional targets also have brain-development mutant phenotypes, including ID. Hence, drugs that improve CASK phenotypes might also benefit children with disorders due to mutant CASK partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith A Tello
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5023, USA
- Present address: Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Linan Jiang
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Yitshak Zohar
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
- BIO5 Interdisciplinary Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Linda L Restifo
- Graduate Interdisciplinary Program in Neuroscience, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Neurology, University of Arizona Health Sciences, 1501 N. Campbell Ave, Tucson, AZ, 85724-5023, USA.
- BIO5 Interdisciplinary Research Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA.
- Department of Cellular & Molecular Medicine, University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA.
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Mori T, Zhou M, Tabuchi K. Diverse Clinical Phenotypes of CASK-Related Disorders and Multiple Functional Domains of CASK Protein. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1656. [PMID: 37628707 PMCID: PMC10454856 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
CASK-related disorders are a form of rare X-linked neurological diseases and most of the patients are females. They are characterized by several symptoms, including microcephaly with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia (MICPCH), epilepsy, congenital nystagmus, and neurodevelopmental disorders. Whole-genome sequencing has identified various mutations, including nonsense and missense mutations, from patients with CASK-related disorders, revealing correlations between specific mutations and clinical phenotypes. Notably, missense mutations associated with epilepsy and intellectual disability were found throughout the whole region of the CASK protein, while missense mutations related to microcephaly and MICPCH were restricted in certain domains. To investigate the pathophysiology of CASK-related disorders, research groups have employed diverse methods, including the generation of CASK knockout mice and the supplementation of CASK to rescue the phenotypes. These approaches have yielded valuable insights into the identification of functional domains of the CASK protein associated with a specific phenotype. Additionally, recent advancements in the AI-based prediction of protein structure, such as AlphaFold2, and the application of genome-editing techniques to generate CASK mutant mice carrying missense mutations from patients with CASK-related disorders, allow us to understand the pathophysiology of CASK-related disorders in more depth and to develop novel therapeutic methods for the fundamental treatment of CASK-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuma Mori
- Department of Neuroinnovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Mengyun Zhou
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
| | - Katsuhiko Tabuchi
- Department of Neuroinnovation, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research, Shinshu University, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan;
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Zhang Q, Huang Y, Wu A, Duan Q, He P, Huang H, Gao Y, Nie K, Liu Q, Wang L. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase exacerbates mitochondrial calcium uniporter-related mitochondrial calcium overload by phosphorylating α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2023; 157:106385. [PMID: 36754160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2023.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
α-Synuclein phosphorylation and mitochondrial calcium homeostasis are important mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease, but the network regulating these mechanisms remains unclear. We identified the role of key phosphokinases and the pathological effects of α-synuclein phosphorylation on mitochondrial calcium influx and mitochondrial function in Parkinson's disease. The function of the key phosphokinase, calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase, was investigated through loss- and gain-of-function experiments using a cell model of Parkinson's disease. The regulation of mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated mitochondrial calcium influx by calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase was explored using a cellular model of Parkinson's disease. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments and α-synuclein mutation were used to explore the mechanism through which calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase regulates mitochondrial calcium uniporter-mediated mitochondrial calcium influx and exacerbates mitochondrial damage in Parkinson's disease. Here, we show the pathogenic role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase in Parkinson's disease progression. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase phosphorylated α-synuclein to activate mitochondrial calcium uniporter and thus increase mitochondrial calcium influx, and these effects were blocked by α-synuclein S129A mutant expression. Furthermore, the calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase inhibitor CASK-IN-1 exerted neuroprotective effects in Parkinson's disease. Collectively, our results suggest that calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase phosphorylates α-synuclein to activate the mitochondrial calcium uniporter and thereby causes mitochondrial calcium overload and mitochondrial damage in Parkinson's disease. We elucidated a new role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase in Parkinson's disease and revealed the potential therapeutic value of targeting calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase in Parkinson's disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxi Zhang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510100, China; Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Anbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China
| | - Qingrui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Peikun He
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Haifeng Huang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yuyuan Gao
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kun Nie
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qicai Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Laboratory of Heart Center; Guangdong Provincial Biomedical Engineering Technology Research Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510280, China.
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Department of Neurology, Guangdong Neuroscience Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510080, China; Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Tang L, Bai X, Xie X, Chen G, Jia X, Lei M, Li C, Lai S. Negative effects of heat stress on ovarian tissue in female rabbit. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:1009182. [PMID: 36452142 PMCID: PMC9704112 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.1009182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have highlighted the role of miRNA in the deformation and necrosis of cells of ovarian tissue caused by heat stress (HS), which ultimately affects ovarian function. Although the role of small RNAs has been investigated in alterations in ovarian tissue functioning in response to HS, the expression profile of ovarian miRNA has been explored to a lesser extent. In this study, female rabbits were subject to HS treatment by using electrical heater. The current work demonstrated that HS could significantly change physiological performance of female rabbits including body weight, rectal temperature and relative ovary weight, and significantly reduce serum IL-2, IL-8, CAT, and GSH-Px concentrations by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. As a result, an increase in apoptosis in ovarian cells, as well as unhealthy follicles, were observed by Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and TUNEL staining. Additionally, small RNA-seq revealed changes in the miRNA expression profile of rabbit ovaries under HS. Five hundred fourteen miRNAs were obtained including known miRNAs 442 and novel miRNAs 72. Among these miRNAs, 23 miRNAs were significantly expressed under HS. Eleven differentially expressed miRNAs (DE miRNAs) and 9 their predicted targets were confirmed by qPCR, which were expected miRNA-mRNA negative regulation pattern. Among the DE miRNAs and targets, miR-141-39 may target COQ6, miR-449a-5p and miR-34c-5p may control RFC5 and RTN2 together, miR-449a-5p may target ACADVL, miR-34c-5p potentially targets Bcl-2 and miR-196b-5p potentially regulates CASK and HOXB6. Thus, the current work suggested the negative effects of HS on the ovarian tissue of female rabbits, and in conclusion these changes could be caused by decreased serum IL-2, IL-8, CAT and GSH-Px levels, increased ovarian apoptosis, and changed the expression of miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xue Bai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaohong Xie
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Guanhe Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xianbo Jia
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Congyan Li
- Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Chengdu, China
| | - Songjia Lai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, China
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Mukherjee K, LaConte LEW, Srivastava S. The Non-Linear Path from Gene Dysfunction to Genetic Disease: Lessons from the MICPCH Mouse Model. Cells 2022; 11:1131. [PMID: 35406695 PMCID: PMC8997851 DOI: 10.3390/cells11071131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Most human disease manifests as a result of tissue pathology, due to an underlying disease process (pathogenesis), rather than the acute loss of specific molecular function(s). Successful therapeutic strategies thus may either target the correction of a specific molecular function or halt the disease process. For the vast majority of brain diseases, clear etiologic and pathogenic mechanisms are still elusive, impeding the discovery or design of effective disease-modifying drugs. The development of valid animal models and their proper characterization is thus critical for uncovering the molecular basis of the underlying pathobiological processes of brain disorders. MICPCH (microcephaly and pontocerebellar hypoplasia) is a monogenic condition that results from variants of an X-linked gene, CASK (calcium/calmodulin-dependent serine protein kinase). CASK variants are associated with a wide range of clinical presentations, from lethality and epileptic encephalopathies to intellectual disabilities, microcephaly, and autistic traits. We have examined CASK loss-of-function mutations in model organisms to simultaneously understand the pathogenesis of MICPCH and the molecular function/s of CASK. Our studies point to a highly complex relationship between the potential molecular function/s of CASK and the phenotypes observed in model organisms and humans. Here we discuss the implications of our observations from the pathogenesis of MICPCH as a cautionary narrative against oversimplifying molecular interpretations of data obtained from genetically modified animal models of human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konark Mukherjee
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (L.E.W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Leslie E. W. LaConte
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (L.E.W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Basic Science Education, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
| | - Sarika Srivastava
- Fralin Biomedical Research Institute at VTC, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA; (L.E.W.L.); (S.S.)
- Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA 24016, USA
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