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Luo J, Li Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Ren Y, Liu J, Wang C, Zhang J. An update on small molecule compounds targeting synthetic lethality for cancer therapy. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 278:116804. [PMID: 39241482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 08/19/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/09/2024]
Abstract
Targeting cancer-specific vulnerabilities through synthetic lethality (SL) is an emerging paradigm in precision oncology. A SL strategy based on PARP inhibitors has demonstrated clinical efficacy. Advances in DNA damage response (DDR) uncover novel SL gene pairs. Beyond BRCA-PARP, emerging SL targets like ATR, ATM, DNA-PK, CHK1, WEE1, CDK12, RAD51, and RAD52 show clinical promise. Selective and bioavailable small molecule inhibitors have been developed to induce SL, but optimization for potency, specificity, and drug-like properties remains challenging. This article illuminated recent progress in the field of medicinal chemistry centered on the rational design of agents capable of eliciting SL specifically in neoplastic cells. It is envisioned that innovative strategies harnessing SL for small molecule design may unlock novel prospects for targeted cancer therapeutics going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxiang Luo
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Defa Wu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Yijiu Ren
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Chengdi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Institute of Respiratory Health and Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network and Laboratory of Neuro-system and Multimorbidity, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, Sichuan, China.
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Semerci Sevimli T, Ghorbani A, Demir Cevizlidere B, Altuğ B, Sevimli M. Boric Acid Affects the Expression of DNA Double-Strand Break Repair Factors in A549 Cells and A549 Cancer Stem Cells: An In Vitro Study. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:5017-5024. [PMID: 38367174 PMCID: PMC11442501 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-024-04082-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair genes interact with tumor stemness- and resistance-associated processes in cancer stem cells (CSCs). Therefore, targeting DNA DSB genes in cancer treatment is important for the CSC phenotype. Although the anti-cancer effect of boric acid (BA) has been studied, its effect on DNA DSB is unclear. Moreover, no studies investigate BA's effects on DNA DSB of lung cancer stem cells (LC-SCs). To fill the gap, we aimed to assess the effects of BA on A549 cancer stem cells. CSCs were isolated from human non-small cell lung cancer cells (A549) and characterized by flow cytometry. Different concentrations of BA (at doses ranging from 1 to 100 mM) were applied to cancer stem cells. Cytotoxic activities were determined using the cell viability assay (MTT assay) at 24 and 48 h. Expression levels of DNA DSB genes that BRCA1, BRCA2, RAD51, KU70/80, ATM, and XRCC4 were evaluated by RT-qPCR. Additionally, immunofluorescence staining analysis was exploited for caspase-3 and E-cadherin. ATM expression increased significantly (p < 0.001). No significant change was observed in the expression of other genes. Moreover, BA up-regulated caspase-3 and E-cadherin expression. Consequently, we can say that BA affects DNA DSB and the apoptotic abilities of LC-SCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuğba Semerci Sevimli
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application, and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26040, Turkey.
| | - Aynaz Ghorbani
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application, and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Bahar Demir Cevizlidere
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application, and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Burcugül Altuğ
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application, and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, 26040, Turkey
| | - Murat Sevimli
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, 26040, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Li Q, Yang W, Zhang Q, Zhang D, Deng J, Chen B, Li P, Zhang H, Jiang Y, Li Y, Zhang B, Lin N. Wee1 inhibitor PD0166285 sensitized TP53 mutant lung squamous cell carcinoma to cisplatin via STAT1. Cancer Cell Int 2024; 24:315. [PMID: 39272147 PMCID: PMC11396119 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-024-03489-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 08/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSCs) is associated with high mortality (20-30%) and lacks of effective treatments. Almost all LUSC exhibit somatic mutations in TP53. Wee1, a tyrosine kinase, regulates the cell cycle at the G2/M checkpoint. In TP53-deficient cells, the dependence on G2/M checkpoints increases. PD0166285 is the first reported drug with inhibitory activity against both Wee1 and PKMYT1. METHODS Protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Cell proliferation was assessed using cell colony formation and CCK-8 assays. Cell cycle was performed by PI staining with flow cytometry. Apoptosis was evaluated using Annexin V-Phycoerythrin double staining and flow cytometry. DNA damage was detected through comet assay and immunofluorescence assay. In vivo, apoptosis and anti-tumor effects were assessed using the TUNEL assay, a nude mouse model, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). Co-immunoprecipitation assay was used to detect protein-protein interactions. We analyzed Wee1, PKMYT1, and Stat1 expression in pan-cancer studies using the Ualcan public database and assessed their prognostic implications with Kaplan-Meier curves. RESULT PD0166285, a Wee1 inhibitor, effectively inhibits Wee1 activity, promoting cell entry into a mitotic crisis. Moreover, PD0166285 sensitizes cells to cisplatin, enhancing clinical outcomes. Our study demonstrated that PD016628 regulates the cell cycle through Rad51 and results in cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase. We observed increased apoptosis in tumor cells treated with PD0166285, particularly when combined with cisplatin, indicating an enhanced apoptotic response. The upregulation of γ-H2AX serves as an indicator of mitotic catastrophe. Co-immunoprecipitation and data analysis revealed that apoptosis in LUSC is mediated through the Stat1 pathway, accompanied by decreased levels of Socs3. Furthermore, IHC staining confirmed significant differences in the expression of Phospho-CDK1 and γ-H2AX in LUSCs, suggesting involvement in DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our study suggests that PD0166285, an inhibitor of Wee1, sensitizes LUSC cells to cisplatin and modulates DNA damage and apoptosis pathways through Rad51 and Stat1, respectively. These findings highlight the combination of PD0166285 and cisplatin as a promising therapeutic approach for treating LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Wenjie Yang
- The Fourth Clinical College of Zhejiang, First People's Hospital, Chinese Medicine University, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Qingyi Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Daoming Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jun Deng
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Guangxi, 530021, China
| | - Binxin Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
| | - Huanqi Zhang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yiming Jiang
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Yangling Li
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China
- Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
| | - Nengming Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Cancer Pharmacology and Toxicology Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Hangzhou, 310006, China.
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Hui Z, Deng H, Zhang X, Garrido C, Lirussi F, Ye XY, Xie T, Liu ZQ. Development and therapeutic potential of DNA-dependent protein kinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107608. [PMID: 38981210 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
The deployment of DNA damage response (DDR) combats various forms of DNA damage, ensuring genomic stability. Cancer cells' propensity for genomic instability offers therapeutic opportunities to selectively kill cancer cells by suppressing the DDR pathway. DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a nuclear serine/threonine kinase, is crucial for the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) pathway in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Therefore, targeting DNA-PK is a promising cancer treatment strategy. This review elaborates on the structures of DNA-PK and its related large protein, as well as the development process of DNA-PK inhibitors, and recent advancements in their clinical application. We emphasize our analysis of the development process and structure-activity relationships (SARs) of DNA-PK inhibitors based on different scaffolds. We hope this review will provide practical information for researchers seeking to develop novel DNA-PK inhibitors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi Hui
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China; School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China
| | - Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Xuelei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China
| | - Carmen Garrido
- INSERM U1231, Label LipSTIC and Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Dijon, France; Faculté de médecine, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon, Centre de lutte contre le cancer Georges François Leclerc, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Frédéric Lirussi
- INSERM U1231, Label LipSTIC and Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer, Dijon, France; Université de Franche Comté, France, University Hospital of Besançon (CHU), France
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China.
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, PR China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicines, Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Collaborative Innovation Center of Traditional Chinese Medicines of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P.R. China.
| | - Zhao-Qian Liu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, P. R. China.
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Xie Y, Xiao D, Li D, Peng M, Peng W, Duan H, Yang X. Combined strategies with PARP inhibitors for the treatment of BRCA wide type cancer. Front Oncol 2024; 14:1441222. [PMID: 39156700 PMCID: PMC11327142 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1441222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Genomic instability stands out as a pivotal hallmark of cancer, and PARP inhibitors (PARPi) emerging as a groundbreaking class of targeted therapy drugs meticulously crafted to inhibit the repair of DNA single-strand breaks(SSB) in tumor cells. Currently, PARPi have been approved for the treatment of ovarian cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and prostate cancer characterized by homologous recombination(HR) repair deficiencies due to mutations in BRCA1/2 or other DNA repair associated genes and acquiring the designation of breakthrough therapy. Nonetheless, PARPi exhibit limited efficacy in the majority of HR-proficient BRCA1/2 wild-type cancers. At present, the synergistic approach of combining PARPi with agents that induce HR defects, or with chemotherapy and radiotherapy to induce substantial DNA damage, significantly enhances the efficacy of PARPi in BRCA wild-type or HR-proficient patients, supporting extension the use of PARPi in HR proficient patients. Therefore, we have summarized the effects and mechanisms of the combined use of drugs with PARPi, including the combination of PARPi with HR defect-inducing drugs such as ATRi, CHKi, HR indirectly inducing drugs like VEGFRi, CDKi, immune checkpoint inhibitors and drugs instigating DNA damage such as chemotherapy or radiotherapy. In addition, this review discusses several ongoing clinical trials aimed at analyzing the clinical application potential of these combined treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijun Xie
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Di Xiao
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Duo Li
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Mei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wei Peng
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huaxin Duan
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaoping Yang
- Department of Oncology, Hunan Provincial People’s Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hunan Normal University, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Study and Discovery of Small Targeted Molecules of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Engineering Research Center of Reproduction and Translational Medicine of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology & Traditional Chinese Medicine Research of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Key Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Developmental Biology of Fish of Ministry of Education, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- School of Medicine, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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6
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Machour FE, R Abu-Zhayia E, Kamar J, Barisaac AS, Simon I, Ayoub N. Harnessing DNA replication stress to target RBM10 deficiency in lung adenocarcinoma. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6417. [PMID: 39080280 PMCID: PMC11289143 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-50882-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The splicing factor RNA-binding motif protein 10 (RBM10) is frequently mutated in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) (9-25%). Most RBM10 cancer mutations are loss-of-function, correlating with increased tumorigenesis and limiting the efficacy of current LUAD targeted therapies. Remarkably, therapeutic strategies leveraging RBM10 deficiency remain unexplored. Here, we conduct a CRISPR-Cas9 synthetic lethality (SL) screen and identify ~60 RBM10 SL genes, including WEE1 kinase. WEE1 inhibition sensitizes RBM10-deficient LUAD cells in-vitro and in-vivo. Mechanistically, we identify a splicing-independent role of RBM10 in regulating DNA replication fork progression and replication stress response, which underpins RBM10-WEE1 SL. Additionally, RBM10 interacts with active DNA replication forks, relying on DNA Primase Subunit 1 (PRIM1) that synthesizes Okazaki RNA primers. Functionally, we demonstrate that RBM10 serves as an anchor for recruiting Histone Deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) to facilitate H4K16 deacetylation and R-loop homeostasis to maintain replication fork stability. Collectively, our data reveal a role of RBM10 in fine-tuning DNA replication and provide therapeutic arsenal for targeting RBM10-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras E Machour
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Enas R Abu-Zhayia
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Joyce Kamar
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | | | - Itamar Simon
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Institute of Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Nabieh Ayoub
- Department of Biology, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel.
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Previtali V, Bagnolini G, Ciamarone A, Ferrandi G, Rinaldi F, Myers SH, Roberti M, Cavalli A. New Horizons of Synthetic Lethality in Cancer: Current Development and Future Perspectives. J Med Chem 2024; 67:11488-11521. [PMID: 38955347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.4c00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, synthetic lethality has been recognized as a solid paradigm for anticancer therapies. The discovery of a growing number of synthetic lethal targets has led to a significant expansion in the use of synthetic lethality, far beyond poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors used to treat BRCA1/2-defective tumors. In particular, molecular targets within DNA damage response have provided a source of inhibitors that have rapidly reached clinical trials. This Perspective focuses on the most recent progress in synthetic lethal targets and their inhibitors, within and beyond the DNA damage response, describing their design and associated therapeutic strategies. We will conclude by discussing the current challenges and new opportunities for this promising field of research, to stimulate discussion in the medicinal chemistry community, allowing the investigation of synthetic lethality to reach its full potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viola Previtali
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Greta Bagnolini
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciamarone
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Ferrandi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Rinaldi
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Samuel Harry Myers
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
| | - Marinella Roberti
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Cavalli
- Computational & Chemical Biology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 16163 Genova, Italy
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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8
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Singh AK, Singh J, Goode NA, Laezza F. Crosstalk among WEE1 Kinase, AKT, and GSK3 in Nav1.2 Channelosome Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8069. [PMID: 39125637 PMCID: PMC11311446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/19/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The signaling complex around voltage-gated sodium (Nav) channels includes accessory proteins and kinases crucial for regulating neuronal firing. Previous studies showed that one such kinase, WEE1-critical to the cell cycle-selectively modulates Nav1.2 channel activity through the accessory protein fibroblast growth factor 14 (FGF14). Here, we tested whether WEE1 exhibits crosstalk with the AKT/GSK3 kinase pathway for coordinated regulation of FGF14/Nav1.2 channel complex assembly and function. Using the in-cell split luciferase complementation assay (LCA), we found that the WEE1 inhibitor II and GSK3 inhibitor XIII reduce the FGF14/Nav1.2 complex formation, while the AKT inhibitor triciribine increases it. However, combining WEE1 inhibitor II with either one of the other two inhibitors abolished its effect on the FGF14/Nav1.2 complex formation. Whole-cell voltage-clamp recordings of sodium currents (INa) in HEK293 cells co-expressing Nav1.2 channels and FGF14-GFP showed that WEE1 inhibitor II significantly suppresses peak INa density, both alone and in the presence of triciribine or GSK3 inhibitor XIII, despite the latter inhibitor's opposite effects on INa. Additionally, WEE1 inhibitor II slowed the tau of fast inactivation and caused depolarizing shifts in the voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. These phenotypes either prevailed or were additive when combined with triciribine but were outcompeted when both WEE1 inhibitor II and GSK3 inhibitor XIII were present. Concerted regulation by WEE1 inhibitor II, triciribine, and GSK3 inhibitor XIII was also observed in long-term inactivation and use dependency of Nav1.2 currents. Overall, these findings suggest a complex role for WEE1 kinase-in concert with the AKT/GSK3 pathway-in regulating the Nav1.2 channelosome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya K. Singh
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA; (J.S.); (N.A.G.); (F.L.)
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Szymański M, Bonowicz K, Antosik P, Jerka D, Głowacka M, Soroka M, Steinbrink K, Kleszczyński K, Gagat M. Role of Cyclins and Cytoskeletal Proteins in Endometriosis: Insights into Pathophysiology. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:836. [PMID: 38398227 PMCID: PMC10886501 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16040836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Endometriosis is a gynecological condition where endometrium-like tissue grows outside the uterus, posing challenges in understanding and treatment. This article delves into the deep cellular and molecular processes underlying endometriosis, with a focus on the crucial roles played by cyclins and cytoskeletal proteins in its pathogenesis, particularly in the context of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). The investigation begins by examining the activities of cyclins, elucidating their diverse biological roles such as cell cycle control, proliferation, evasion of apoptosis, and angiogenesis among ectopic endometrial cells. A comprehensive analysis of cytoskeletal proteins follows, emphasizing their fundamental biological roles and their specific significance to endometriotic cell features. This review sheds light on the interconnected pathways through which cyclins and cytoskeletal proteins converge, contributing to the genesis and progression of endometriosis. Understanding these molecular complexities not only provides insight into the underlying causes of the disease but also holds promise for the development of specific therapeutic approaches, ushering in a new era in the management of this devastating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Szymański
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
| | - Klaudia Bonowicz
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Paulina Antosik
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Dominika Jerka
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
| | - Mariola Głowacka
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Małgorzata Soroka
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Konrad Kleszczyński
- Department of Dermatology, University of Münster, Von-Esmarch-Str. 58, 48149 Münster, Germany; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Maciej Gagat
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Torun, 85-092 Bydgoszcz, Poland; (M.S.); (K.B.); (D.J.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Collegium Medicum, Mazovian Academy in Płock, 08-110 Płock, Poland; (M.G.); (M.S.)
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10
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Abd El-Hafeez T, Shams MY, Elshaier YAMM, Farghaly HM, Hassanien AE. Harnessing machine learning to find synergistic combinations for FDA-approved cancer drugs. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2428. [PMID: 38287066 PMCID: PMC10825182 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52814-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Combination therapy is a fundamental strategy in cancer chemotherapy. It involves administering two or more anti-cancer agents to increase efficacy and overcome multidrug resistance compared to monotherapy. However, drug combinations can exhibit synergy, additivity, or antagonism. This study presents a machine learning framework to classify and predict cancer drug combinations. The framework utilizes several key steps including data collection and annotation from the O'Neil drug interaction dataset, data preprocessing, stratified splitting into training and test sets, construction and evaluation of classification models to categorize combinations as synergistic, additive, or antagonistic, application of regression models to predict combination sensitivity scores for enhanced predictions compared to prior work, and the last step is examination of drug features and mechanisms of action to understand synergy behaviors for optimal combinations. The models identified combination pairs most likely to synergize against different cancers. Kinase inhibitors combined with mTOR inhibitors, DNA damage-inducing drugs or HDAC inhibitors showed benefit, particularly for ovarian, melanoma, prostate, lung and colorectal carcinomas. Analysis highlighted Gemcitabine, MK-8776 and AZD1775 as frequently synergizing across cancer types. This machine learning framework provides a valuable approach to uncover more effective multi-drug regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarek Abd El-Hafeez
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt.
- Computer Science Unit, Deraya University, El-Minia, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud Y Shams
- Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh, Egypt
- Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yaseen A M M Elshaier
- Department of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sadat City, Sadat City, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Heba Mamdouh Farghaly
- Department of Computer Science, Faculty of Science, Minia University, El-Minia, Egypt
| | - Aboul Ella Hassanien
- Faculty of Computers and Artificial Intelligence, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
- Scientific Research Group in Egypt (SRGE), Cairo, Egypt.
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11
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Wang Y, Wang C, Liu T, Qi H, Chen S, Cai X, Zhang M, Aliper A, Ren F, Ding X, Zhavoronkov A. Discovery of Tetrahydropyrazolopyrazine Derivatives as Potent and Selective MYT1 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Cancer. J Med Chem 2024; 67:420-432. [PMID: 38146659 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Breast and gynecological cancers are among the leading causes of death in women worldwide, illustrating the urgent need for innovative treatment options. We identified MYT1 as a promising new therapeutic target for breast and gynecological cancer using PandaOmics, an AI-driven target discovery platform. The synthetic lethal relationship of MYT1 in tumor cell lines with CCNE1 amplification enhanced this rationale. Through structure-based drug design, we developed a series of novel, potent, and highly selective inhibitors specifically targeting MYT1. Importantly, our lead compound, featuring a tetrahydropyrazolopyrazine ring, exhibits remarkable selectivity over WEE1, a related kinase associated with bone marrow suppression upon inhibition. Optimization of potency and physical properties resulted in the discovery of compound 21, a novel MYT1 inhibitor, exhibiting optimal pharmacokinetic properties and promising in vivo antitumor efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhou Wang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Hongyun Qi
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xin Cai
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Man Zhang
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alex Aliper
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Masdar City 145748, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Feng Ren
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiao Ding
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Alex Zhavoronkov
- Insilico Medicine Shanghai Ltd, Suite 901, Tower C, Changtai Plaza, 2889 Jinke Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai 201203, China
- Insilico Medicine AI Limited, Masdar City 145748, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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12
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Zhong WJ, Zhang LZ, Yue F, Yuan L, Zhang Q, Li X, Lin L. Identification of DNA methylation-regulated WEE1 with potential implications in prognosis and immunotherapy for low-grade glioma. Cancer Biomark 2024; 40:297-317. [PMID: 39213054 PMCID: PMC11380252 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WEE1 is a critical kinase in the DNA damage response pathway and has been shown to be effective in treating serous uterine cancer. However, its role in gliomas, specifically low-grade glioma (LGG), remains unclear. The impact of DNA methylation on WEE1 expression and its correlation with the immune landscape in gliomas also need further investigation. METHODS This study used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA), and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) and utilized various bioinformatics tools to analyze gene expression, survival, gene correlation, immune score, immune infiltration, genomic alterations, tumor mutation burden, microsatellite instability, clinical characteristics of glioma patients, WEE1 DNA methylation, prognostic analysis, single-cell gene expression distribution in glioma tissue samples, and immunotherapy response prediction based on WEE1 expression. RESULTS WEE1 was upregulated in LGG and glioblastoma (GBM), but it had a more significant prognostic impact in LGG compared to other cancers. High WEE1 expression was associated with poorer prognosis in LGG, particularly when combined with wild-type IDH. The WEE1 inhibitor MK-1775 effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of LGG cell lines, which were more sensitive to WEE1 inhibition. DNA methylation negatively regulated WEE1, and high DNA hypermethylation of WEE1 was associated with better prognosis in LGG than in GBM. Combining WEE1 inhibition and DNA methyltransferase inhibition showed a synergistic effect. Additionally, downregulation of WEE1 had favorable predictive value in immunotherapy response. Co-expression network analysis identified key genes involved in WEE1-mediated regulation of immune landscape, differentiation, and metastasis in LGG. CONCLUSION Our study shows that WEE1 is a promising indicator for targeted therapy and prognosis evaluation. Notably, significant differences were observed in the role of WEE1 between LGG and GBM. Further investigation into WEE1 inhibition, either in combination with DNA methyltransferase inhibition or immunotherapy, is warranted in the context of LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang-Jing Zhong
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Li-Zhen Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Feng Yue
- Department of Urology, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Lezhong Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Huizhou, China
| | - Qikeng Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Xuesong Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
| | - Li Lin
- Laboratory Center, Huizhou Third People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Huizhou, China
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13
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Li Y, Wang X, Hou X, Wu M, Wang S, Ma X. WEE1 Inhibitors Mediate Antitumor Effects on Endometrial Cancer through Activation of Innate Immune Responses. J Cancer 2024; 15:545-559. [PMID: 38169513 PMCID: PMC10758029 DOI: 10.7150/jca.90236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Recurrence signifies the primary mortality factor in patients suffering from endometrial cancer, with few efficacious treatments currently available for recurrent cases. This research investigates the anti-tumoral capacities of WEE1 inhibitors within the context of endometrial cancer, aiming to establish a novel therapeutic avenue for high recurrence-risk patients. Materials and methods: We evaluated WEE1 expression in endometrial cancer patients utilizing immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded tissue sections. The cytotoxic potential of WEE1 inhibitors on endometrial cancer cells was assessed by CCK8 assay. Assays to gauge the influence of WEE1 inhibitors on cell proliferation and migration included clonal proliferation, wound healing, and transwell assays. We determined the impacts on apoptosis and cell cycle stages by flow cytometry. Employing qRT-PCR and western blotting, we investigated the mechanistic pathways underlying the anti-tumoral activity of WEE1 inhibitors. In vivo evaluations were executed to ascertain the inhibitory effect of WEE1 inhibitors on tumor growth in mice. Results: WEE1 exhibited high-level expression in endometrial cancer tissues, particularly pronounced in recurrent compared with non-recurrent patients. WEE1 inhibitors effectively eliminated endometrial cancer cells while inhibiting their proliferation and migration. Flow cytometric analyses revealed a significant promotion of apoptosis and an increase in G2/M phase cell proportion upon WEE1 inhibitor treatment. qRT-PCR and western blotting elucidated that WEE1 inhibitors activated the innate immune signaling pathway in endometrial cancer cells. Furthermore, in vivo assessments demonstrated substantial tumor growth suppression due to WEE1 inhibitors. Conclusions: WEE1 inhibitors initiated an innate immune response in endometrial cancer, exhibiting considerable anti-tumoral effects, which was promising for postoperative treatment of endometrial cancer, especially recurrent endometrial cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Xiangyi Ma
- ✉ Corresponding author: Xiangyi Ma, +86 27 83662407,
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14
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Sokhi S, Lewis CW, Bukhari AB, Hadfield J, Xiao EJ, Fung J, Yoon YJ, Hsu WH, Gamper AM, Chan GK. Myt1 overexpression mediates resistance to cell cycle and DNA damage checkpoint kinase inhibitors. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1270542. [PMID: 38020882 PMCID: PMC10652759 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1270542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell cycle checkpoint kinases serve as important therapeutic targets for various cancers. When they are inhibited by small molecules, checkpoint abrogation can induce cell death or further sensitize cancer cells to other genotoxic therapies. Particularly aberrant Cdk1 activation at the G2/M checkpoint by kinase inhibitors causing unscheduled mitotic entry and mitotic arrest was found to lead to DNA damage and cell death selectively in cancer cells. Promising drugs inhibiting kinases like Wee1 (Adavosertib), Wee1+Myt1 (PD166285), ATR (AZD6738) and Chk1 (UCN-01) have been developed, but clinical data has shown variable efficacy for them with poorly understood mechanisms of resistance. Our lab recently identified Myt1 as a predictive biomarker of acquired resistance to the Wee1 kinase inhibitor, Adavosertib. Here, we investigate the role of Myt1 overexpression in promoting resistance to inhibitors (PD166285, UCN-01 and AZD6738) of other kinases regulating cell cycle progression. We demonstrate that Myt1 confers resistance by compensating Cdk1 inhibition in the presence of these different kinase inhibitors. Myt1 overexpression leads to reduced premature mitotic entry and decreased length of mitosis eventually leading to increased survival rates in Adavosertib treated cells. Elevated Myt1 levels also conferred resistance to inhibitors of ATR or Chk1 inhibitor. Our data supports that Myt1 overexpression is a common mechanism by which cancer cells can acquire resistance to a variety of drugs entering the clinic that aim to induce mitotic catastrophe by abrogating the G2/M checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sargun Sokhi
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Cody W. Lewis
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Amirali B. Bukhari
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joanne Hadfield
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Edric J. Xiao
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jeremy Fung
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yea Jin Yoon
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Wen-Hsin Hsu
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Armin M. Gamper
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Gordon K. Chan
- Department of Oncology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Experimental Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Cancer Research Institute of Northern Alberta, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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15
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Zhang C, Zhang C, Wang K, Wang H. Orchestrating smart therapeutics to achieve optimal treatment in small cell lung cancer: recent progress and future directions. J Transl Med 2023; 21:468. [PMID: 37452395 PMCID: PMC10349514 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04338-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a recalcitrant malignancy with elusive mechanism of pathogenesis and dismal prognosis. Over the past decades, platinum-based chemotherapy has been the backbone treatment for SCLC. However, subsequent chemoresistance after initial effectiveness urges researchers to explore novel therapeutic targets of SCLC. Recent years have witnessed significant improvements in targeted therapy in SCLC. New molecular candidates such as Ataxia telangiectasia and RAD3-related protein (ATR), WEE1, checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) have shown promising therapeutic utility in SCLC. While immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) has emerged as an indispensable treatment modality for SCLC, approaches to boost efficacy and reduce toxicity as well as selection of reliable biomarkers for ICI in SCLC have remained elusive and warrants our further investigation. Given the increasing importance of precision medicine in SCLC, optimal subtyping of SCLC using multi-omics have gradually applied into clinical practice, which may identify more drug targets and better tailor treatment strategies to each individual patient. The present review summarizes recent progress and future directions in SCLC. In addition to the emerging new therapeutics, we also focus on the establishment of predictive model for early detection of SCLC. More importantly, we also propose a multi-dimensional model in the prognosis of SCLC to ultimately attain the goal of accurate treatment of SCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyue Zhang
- Department of Integrated Therapy, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai Medical College, Shanghai, China
| | - Chenxing Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Shanghai Children's Medical Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Epigenetics and Oncology, Research Center for Preclinical Medicine, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Haiyong Wang
- Department of Internal Medicine-Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Number 440, Ji Yan Road, Jinan, China.
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16
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Alli VJ, Yadav P, Suresh V, Jadav SS. Synthetic and Medicinal Chemistry Approaches Toward WEE1 Kinase Inhibitors and Its Degraders. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:20196-20233. [PMID: 37323408 PMCID: PMC10268025 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c01558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
WEE1 is a checkpoint kinase critical for mitotic events, especially in cell maturation and DNA repair. Most cancer cells' progression and survival are linked with elevated levels of WEE1 kinase. Thus, WEE1 kinase has become a new promising druggable target. A few classes of WEE1 inhibitors are designed by rationale or structure-based techniques and optimization approaches to identify selective acting anticancer agents. The discovery of the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775 further emphasized WEE1 as a promising anticancer target. Therefore, the current review provides a comprehensive data on medicinal chemistry, synthetic approaches, optimization methods, and the interaction profile of WEE1 kinase inhibitors. In addition, WEE1 PROTAC degraders and their synthetic procedures, including a list of noncoding RNAs necessary for regulation of WEE1, are also highlighted. From the standpoint of medicinal chemistry, the contents of this compilation serve as an exemplar for the further design, synthesis, and optimization of promising WEE1-targeted anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vidya Jyothi Alli
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Pawan Yadav
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
| | - Vavilapalli Suresh
- Department
of Organic Synthesis and Process Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Surender Singh Jadav
- Department
of Natural Products and Medicinal Chemistry, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Technology Tarnaka, Uppal Road, Hyderabad 500037, India
- Academy
of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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17
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Guler S, DiPoto MC, Crespo A, Caldwell R, Doerfel B, Grossmann N, Ho K, Huck B, Jones CCV, Lan R, Musil D, Potnick J, Schilke H, Sherer B, Simon S, Sirrenberg C, Zhang Z, Liu-Bujalski L. Selective Wee1 Inhibitors Led to Antitumor Activity In Vitro and Correlated with Myelosuppression. ACS Med Chem Lett 2023; 14:566-576. [PMID: 37197456 PMCID: PMC10184160 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.2c00481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Wee1 is a tyrosine kinase that is highly expressed in several cancer types. Wee1 inhibition can lead to suppression of tumor cell proliferation and sensitization of cells to the effects of DNA-damaging agents. AZD1775 is a nonselective Wee1 inhibitor for which myelosuppression has been observed as a dose-limiting toxicity. We have applied structure-based drug design (SBDD) to rapidly generate highly selective Wee1 inhibitors that demonstrate better selectivity than AZD1775 against PLK1, which is known to cause myelosuppression (including thrombocytopenia) when inhibited. While selective Wee1 inhibitors described herein still achieved in vitro antitumor efficacy, thrombocytopenia was still observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satenig Guler
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kevin Ho
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | - Bayard Huck
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | - Ruoxi Lan
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | - Justin Potnick
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | - Brian Sherer
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
| | | | | | - Zhuo Zhang
- EMD
Serono, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821, United States
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18
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Si J, Zhou W, Fang Y, Zhou D, Gao Y, Yao Q, Shen X, Zhu C. Label-Free Detection of T4 Polynucleotide Kinase Activity and Inhibition via Malachite Green Aptamer Generated from Ligation-Triggered Transcription. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040449. [PMID: 37185524 PMCID: PMC10135927 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Polynucleotide kinase (PNK) is a key enzyme that is necessary for ligation-based DNA repair. The activity assay and inhibitor screening for PNK may contribute to the prediction and improvement of tumor treatment sensitivity, respectively. Herein, we developed a simple, low-background, and label-free method for both T4 PNK activity detection and inhibitor screening by combining a designed ligation-triggered T7 transcriptional amplification system and a crafty light-up malachite green aptamer. Moreover, this method successfully detected PNK activity in the complex biological matrix with satisfactory outcomes, indicating its great potential in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Si
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of School and Nutrition, Shanghai Yangpu District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Ying Fang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Da Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yifan Gao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qunyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xizhong Shen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Changfeng Zhu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
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19
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The Characteristics of Tumor Microenvironment Predict Survival and Response to Immunotherapy in Adrenocortical Carcinomas. Cells 2023; 12:cells12050755. [PMID: 36899891 PMCID: PMC10000893 DOI: 10.3390/cells12050755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Increasing evidence confirms that tumor microenvironment (TME) can influence tumor progression and treatment, but TME is still understudied in adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). In this study, we first scored TME using the xCell algorithm, then defined genes associated with TME, and then used consensus unsupervised clustering analysis to construct TME-related subtypes. Meanwhile, weighted gene co-expression network analysis was used to identify modules correlated with TME-related subtypes. Ultimately, the LASSO-Cox approach was used to establish a TME-related signature. The results showed that TME-related scores in ACC may not correlate with clinical features but do promote a better overall survival. Patients were classified into two TME-related subtypes. Subtype 2 had more immune signaling features, higher expression of immune checkpoints and MHC molecules, no CTNNB1 mutations, higher infiltration of macrophages and endothelial cells, lower tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion scores, and higher immunophenoscore, suggesting that subtype 2 may be more sensitive to immunotherapy. 231 modular genes highly relevant to TME-related subtypes were identified, and a 7-gene TME-related signature that independently predicted patient prognosis was established. Our study revealed an integrated role of TME in ACC and helped to identify those patients who really responded to immunotherapy, while providing new strategies on risk management and prognosis prediction.
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Toni T, Viswanathan R, Robbins Y, Gunti S, Yang X, Huynh A, Cheng H, Sowers AL, Mitchell JB, Allen CT, Morgan EL, Van Waes C. Combined Inhibition of IAPs and WEE1 Enhances TNFα- and Radiation-Induced Cell Death in Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:1029. [PMID: 36831373 PMCID: PMC9954698 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15041029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) remains a prevalent diagnosis with current treatment options that include radiotherapy and immune-mediated therapies, in which tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a key mediator of cytotoxicity. However, HNSCC and other cancers often display TNFα resistance due to activation of the canonical IKK-NFκB/RELA pathway, which is activated by, and induces expression of, cellular inhibitors of apoptosis proteins (cIAPs). Our previous studies have demonstrated that the IAP inhibitor birinapant sensitized HNSCC to TNFα-dependent cell death in vitro and radiotherapy in vivo. Furthermore, we recently demonstrated that the inhibition of the G2/M checkpoint kinase WEE1 also sensitized HNSCC cells to TNFα-dependent cell death, due to the inhibition of the pro-survival IKK-NFκB/RELA complex. Given these observations, we hypothesized that dual-antagonist therapy targeting both IAP and WEE1 proteins may have the potential to synergistically sensitize HNSCC to TNFα-dependent cell death. Using the IAP inhibitor birinapant and the WEE1 inhibitor AZD1775, we show that combination treatment reduced cell viability, proliferation and survival when compared with individual treatment. Furthermore, combination treatment enhanced the sensitivity of HNSCC cells to TNFα-induced cytotoxicity via the induction of apoptosis and DNA damage. Additionally, birinapant and AZD1775 combination treatment decreased cell proliferation and survival in combination with radiotherapy, a critical source of TNFα. These results support further investigation of IAP and WEE1 inhibitor combinations in preclinical and clinical studies in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Toni
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Ramya Viswanathan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yvette Robbins
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sreenivasulu Gunti
- Sinonasal and Skull Base Tumor Program, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xinping Yang
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Angel Huynh
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hui Cheng
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Anastasia L. Sowers
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - James B. Mitchell
- Radiation Biology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Clint T. Allen
- Section on Translational Tumor Immunology, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Building 10, Room 7N240C, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ethan L. Morgan
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Carter Van Waes
- Tumor Biology Section, Head and Neck Surgery Branch, National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Qin R, Wang T, He W, Wei W, Liu S, Gao M, Huang Z. Jak2/STAT6/c-Myc pathway is vital to the pathogenicity of Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia caused by P190 BCR-ABL. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:27. [PMID: 36721266 PMCID: PMC9887777 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01039-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Philadelphia chromosome encodes the BCR-ABL fusion protein, which has two primary subtypes, P210 and P190. P210 and P190 cause Philadelphia-positive chronic myeloid leukemia (Ph+ CML) and Philadelphia-positive acute lymphoblastic leukemia (Ph+ ALL), respectively. The Ph+ ALL is more malignant than Ph+ CML in disease phenotype and progression. This implies the key pathogenic molecules and regulatory mechanisms caused by BCR-ABL in two types of leukemia are different. It is reported that STAT6 was significantly activated only in P190 transformed cells. However, the potential role and the mechanism of STAT6 activation in Ph+ ALL and its activation mechanism by P190 are still unknown. METHODS The protein and mRNA levels of STAT6, c-Myc, and other molecules were measured by western blot and quantitative real-time PCR. The STAT6 inhibitor AS1517499 was used to specifically inhibit p-STAT6. The effect of p-STAT6 inhibition on Ph+ CML and Ph+ ALL cells was identified by CCK-8 and FCM assay. Dual luciferase reporter and ChIP assay were performed to confirm the direct binding between STAT6 and c-Myc. The impact of STAT6 inhibition on tumor progression was detected in Ph+ CML and Ph+ ALL mouse models. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that P210 induced CML-like disease, and P190 caused the more malignant ALL-like disease in mouse models. STAT6 was activated in P190 cell lines but not in P210 cell lines. Inhibition of STAT6 suppressed the malignancy of Ph+ ALL in vitro and in vivo, whereas it had little effect on Ph+ CML. We confirmed that p-STAT6 regulated the transcription of c-Myc, and STAT6 was phosphorylated by p-Jak2 in P190 cell lines, which accounted for the discrepant expression of p-STAT6 in P190 and P210 cell lines. STAT6 inhibition synergized with imatinib in Ph+ ALL cells. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that STAT6 activation plays an essential role in the development of Ph+ ALL and may be a potential therapeutic target in Ph+ ALL. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run Qin
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Wang
- grid.412461.40000 0004 9334 6536Department of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei He
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suotian Liu
- grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Miao Gao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 1, Youyi Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Zhenglan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics Designated By the Ministry of Education, Department of Clinical Hematology, School of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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22
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Nasioudis D, George EM, Xu H, Kim H, Simpkins F. Combination DNA Damage Response (DDR) Inhibitors to Overcome Drug Resistance in Ovarian Cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2023; 186:189-206. [PMID: 37978137 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30065-3_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The DNA damage response (DDR) results in activation of a series of key target kinases that respond to different DNA damage insults. DDR inhibitors such as PARP inhibitors lead to the accumulation of DNA damage in tumor cells and ultimately apoptosis. However, responses to DDRi monotherapy in the clinic are not durable and resistance ultimately develops. DDRi-DDRi combinations such as PARPi-ATRi, PAPRi-WEE1i and PARPi-AsiDNA can overcome multiple resistance mechanisms to PARP inhibition. In addition, DDRi-DDRi combinations can provide viable treatment options for patients with platinum-resistant disease. In the present chapter we discuss rationale of DDRi-DDRi strategies that capitalize on genomic alterations found in ovarian cancer and other solid tumors and may provide in the near future new treatment options for these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios Nasioudis
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Erin M George
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Haineng Xu
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Hyoung Kim
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Fiona Simpkins
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine, Ovarian Cancer Research Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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23
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Venugopala KN. Targeting the DNA Damage Response Machinery for Lung Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15121475. [PMID: 36558926 PMCID: PMC9781725 DOI: 10.3390/ph15121475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lung cancer is considered the most commonly diagnosed cancer and one of the leading causes of death globally. Despite the responses from small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients to conventional chemo- and radiotherapies, the current outcomes are not satisfactory. Recently, novel advances in DNA sequencing technologies have started to take off which have provided promising tools for studying different tumors for systematic mutation discovery. To date, a limited number of DDR inhibition trials have been conducted for the treatment of SCLC and NSCLC patients. However, strategies to test different DDR inhibitor combinations or to target multiple pathways are yet to be explored. With the various biomarkers that have either been recently discovered or are the subject of ongoing investigations, it is hoped that future trials would be designed to allow for studying targeted treatments in a biomarker-enriched population, which is defensible for the improvement of prognosis for SCLC and NSCLC patients. This review article sheds light on the different DNA repair pathways and some of the inhibitors targeting the proteins involved in the DNA damage response (DDR) machinery, such as ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR), DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), and poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP). In addition, the current status of DDR inhibitors in clinical settings and future perspectives are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharigatta N. Venugopala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Durban University of Technology, Durban 4000, South Africa
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Lin X, Liu J, Zou Y, Tao C, Chen J. Xanthotoxol suppresses non-small cell lung cancer progression and might improve patients' prognosis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154364. [PMID: 35932608 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Developing novel and effective drugs with less toxicity is urgent for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) therapy. Xanthotoxol (Xan) is the major natural component of the medical plant Angelica dahurica with potential anti-cancer activities. PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to demonstrate the effect and underlying mechanism of Xan in NSCLC and evaluate the effectiveness of Xan in NSCLC patients. METHODS CCK8, colony formation, EdU, flow cytometry, and transwell assays were carried out to investigate the anti-NSCLC activity of Xan in vitro. In addition, the xenograft mouse model was established to evaluate the anti-NSCLC effect of Xan in vivo. Moreover, bioinformatics analysis was performed to establish a prediction model based on RNA sequencing data. Furthermore, Western blot was used to detect the expression of proteins regulated by Xan. RESULTS Xan inhibited the cell viability, colony formation capacity, DNA replication, cell cycle transition, migration and invasion, as well as inducing apoptosis of NSCLC cells. In addition, Xan suppressed NSCLC xenograft growth in vivo without obvious toxicity. Interestingly, bioinformatics analyses based on the RNA sequencing data indicated that Xan exerted inhibitory effects on NSCLC cells by down-regulating signals contributing to NSCLC progression and demonstrated that Xan was effective in ameliorating the prognosis of NSCLC patients with a new proposed prediction model. Moreover, Xan was shown to regulate cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated genes through downregulating PI3K-AKT signaling, thus suppressing NSCLC proliferation and metastasis. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our work proved that Xan induced cell cycle arrest, facilitated apoptosis, and inhibited EMT processes through downregulating the PI3K-AKT pathway to suppress NSCLC progress. Moreover, we also proposed a new model for evaluating Xan as a novel and effective drug in NSCLC treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lin
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Jingfeng Liu
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Yujiao Zou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Cheng Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, China
| | - Jian Chen
- Department of Rheumatism and Immunology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
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Wang M, Xie C. DNA Damage Repair and Current Therapeutic Approaches in Gastric Cancer: A Comprehensive Review. Front Genet 2022; 13:931866. [PMID: 36035159 PMCID: PMC9412963 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.931866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA in cells is frequently damaged by endogenous and exogenous agents. However, comprehensive mechanisms to combat and repair DNA damage have evolved to ensure genomic stability and integrity. Improper DNA damage repair may result in various diseases, including some types of tumors and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, DNA damage repair mechanisms have been proposed as novel antitumor drug targets. To date, numerous drugs targeting DNA damage mechanisms have been developed. For example, PARP inhibitors that elicit synthetic lethality are widely used in individualized cancer therapies. In this review, we describe the latent DNA damage repair mechanisms in gastric cancer, the types of DNA damage that can contribute to the development of gastric cancer, and new therapeutic approaches for gastric cancer that target DNA damage repair pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuan Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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Targeted Therapy for Adrenocortical Carcinoma: A Genomic-Based Search for Available and Emerging Options. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112721. [PMID: 35681700 PMCID: PMC9179357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
In rare diseases such as adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), in silico analysis can help select promising therapy options. We screened all drugs approved by the FDA and those in current clinical studies to identify drugs that target genomic alterations, also known to be present in patients with ACC. We identified FDA-approved drugs in the My Cancer Genome and National Cancer Institute databases and identified genetic alterations that could predict drug response. In total, 155 FDA-approved drugs and 905 drugs in clinical trials were identified and linked to 375 genes of 89 TCGA patients. The most frequent potentially targetable genetic alterations included TP53 (20%), BRD9 (13%), TERT (13%), CTNNB1 (13%), CDK4 (7%), FLT4 (7%), and MDM2 (7%). We identified TP53-modulating drugs to be possibly effective in 20-26% of patients, followed by the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitors (15%), Telomelysin and INO5401 (13%), FHD-609 (13%), etc. According to our data, 67% of ACC patients exhibited genomic alterations that might be targeted by FDA-approved drugs or drugs being tested in current clinical trials. Although there are not many current therapy options directly targeting reported ACC alterations, this study identifies emerging options that could be tested in clinical trials.
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Woods ML, Weiss A, Sokol AM, Graumann J, Boettger T, Richter AM, Schermuly RT, Dammann RH. Epigenetically silenced apoptosis-associated tyrosine kinase (AATK) facilitates a decreased expression of Cyclin D1 and WEE1, phosphorylates TP53 and reduces cell proliferation in a kinase-dependent manner. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1975-1987. [PMID: 35902728 PMCID: PMC9750878 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-022-00513-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Silencing of the Apoptosis associated Tyrosine Kinase gene (AATK) has been described in cancer. In our study, we specifically investigated the epigenetic inactivation of AATK in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, lower grade glioma, lung, breast, head, and neck cancer. The resulting loss of AATK correlates with impaired patient survival. Inhibition of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) reactivated AATK in glioblastoma and pancreatic cancer. In contrast, epigenetic targeting via the CRISPR/dCas9 system with either EZH2 or DNMT3A inhibited the expression of AATK. Via large-scale kinomic profiling and kinase assays, we demonstrate that AATK acts a Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates TP53 at Ser366. Furthermore, whole transcriptome analyses and mass spectrometry associate AATK expression with the GO term 'regulation of cell proliferation'. The kinase activity of AATK in comparison to the kinase-dead mutant mediates a decreased expression of the key cell cycle regulators Cyclin D1 and WEE1. Moreover, growth suppression through AATK relies on its kinase activity. In conclusion, the Ser/Thr kinase AATK represses growth and phosphorylates TP53. Furthermore, expression of AATK was correlated with a better patient survival for different cancer entities. This data suggests that AATK acts as an epigenetically inactivated tumor suppressor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle L. Woods
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Astrid Weiss
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.452624.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna M. Sokol
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XScientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Johannes Graumann
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XScientific Service Group Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry, Max-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany ,grid.10253.350000 0004 1936 9756Present Address: Institute for Translational Proteomics, Department of Medicine, Philipps-University, 35037 Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Boettger
- grid.418032.c0000 0004 0491 220XMax-Planck Institute for Heart and Lung Research, 61231 Bad Nauheim, Germany
| | - Antje M. Richter
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Ralph T. Schermuly
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Department of Internal Medicine, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.452624.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Reinhard H. Dammann
- grid.8664.c0000 0001 2165 8627Institute for Genetics, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany ,grid.440517.3German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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