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Mohammadzadeh M, Abdi F, Mamaghanian M, Paydareh A, Bahrami A, Sheikhi Z, Hejazi E. Carbohydrate quality indices and lung cancer risk: a case-control study from Iran. Eur J Cancer Prev 2024:00008469-990000000-00163. [PMID: 39150686 DOI: 10.1097/cej.0000000000000913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Considering that carbohydrates play an important role in supplying the body with energy and exhibit diverse mechanisms that can either prevent or stimulate cancer, we hypothesize that the quality of carbohydrate intake may be associated with cancer risk, including lung cancer. This hospital-based case-control study was conducted on 135 newly diagnosed lung cancer patients, and 237 healthy age- and sex-matched hospitalized controls. We used a valid and reliable 148-item Food Frequency Questionnaire to collect the dietary intake of subjects. Multivariate logistic regression was used to estimate the association between carbohydrate quality indices and the odds of lung cancer. After adjustment for confounding variables, the high glycemic index appears to be an increased risk factor for lung cancer [odds ratio (OR) = 2.51, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.28-4.91]. No statistically significant association was found between glycemic load and lung cancer (OR = 2.51, 95% CI: 0.98-6.43). In contrast, the carbohydrate quality index (OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.11-0.48) and low-carbohydrate diet score (OR = 0.17, 95% CI: 0.08-0.36), were associated with a decrease in the risk of lung cancer. In summary, our study showed that a high glycemic index is a risk factor for lung cancer, however carbohydrate quality index and low-carbohydrate diet score is a dietary approach to reduce the risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz
| | - Melika Mamaghanian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Amin Paydareh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Alireza Bahrami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
| | - Zahra Sheikhi
- Quality of Life Department, Breast Cancer Research Center, Motamed Cancer Institute, Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Hejazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran
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Natale A, Turati F, Taborelli M, Giacosa A, Augustin LSA, Crispo A, Negri E, Rossi M, La Vecchia C. Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Colorectal Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2024; 33:731-738. [PMID: 38451185 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-1400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes has been associated with colorectal cancer. We evaluated whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) can favorably influence the risk of colorectal cancer. METHODS Data came from a multicentric Italian case-control study including 1,953 histologically confirmed colorectal cancer cases and 4,154 hospital controls admitted for acute nonneoplastic diseases. Diet was assessed through a validated and reproducible food frequency questionnaire. The DRRD score was computed assigning higher values for higher consumption of cereal fiber, fruit, coffee, nuts and a higher polyunsaturated/saturated fats ratio and for lower glycemic index and lower consumption of red/processed meat and sweetened beverages and fruit juices. The ORs and the corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) of colorectal cancer according to the DRRD score were obtained using logistic regression models adjusting for total energy intake and other major confounders. RESULTS The DRRD was inversely related to colorectal cancer risk. The ORs of colorectal cancer were 0.77 (95% CI, 0.67-0.89) for the third versus first score tertile (Ptrend < 0.001) and 0.92 (95% CI, 0.87-0.96) for a 3-point increment in the score. Inverse associations were observed for colon and rectal cancers and were consistent in strata of sex, age, and other major covariates. CONCLUSIONS A higher adherence to a DRRD was inversely associated with colorectal cancer risk. IMPACT Given the high incidence and mortality rates of colorectal cancer, adherence to a DRRD can have relevant prevention and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Natale
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Federica Turati
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Martina Taborelli
- Unit of Cancer Epidemiology, Centro di Riferimento Oncologico, National Cancer Institute IRCCS, Aviano, Italy
| | - Attilio Giacosa
- Unit of Digestive Trait Endoscopy, CDI (Centro Diagnostico Italiano), Milan, Italy
| | - Livia S A Augustin
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Anna Crispo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori - IRCCS - Fondazione G. Pascale, Napoli, Italy
| | - Eva Negri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Rossi
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo La Vecchia
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Mohammadzadeh M, Bahrami A, Abdi F, Ghafouri-Taleghani F, Paydareh A, Jalali S, Heidari Z, Rashidkhani B. Dietary Diabetes Risk Reduction Score (DDRRS) and Breast Cancer Risk: A Case-Control Study in Iran. Nutr Cancer 2023; 76:106-113. [PMID: 37986034 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2023.2281025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Given the role of type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance in tumor initiation, we hypothesized that following a diet that reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes could also reduce the risk of breast cancer. Herein, we conducted a case-control study to investigate the association between dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk in Iranian women. METHOD We recruited 136 newly diagnosed cases and 272 age-matched hospitalized controls from referral hospitals. A valid and reliable 168-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) was used to collect the data on dietary intake. We used Multivariate Logistic regression to assess the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of breast cancer by the dietary diabetes risk reduction score tertiles. RESULTS After adjusting for confounding variables, no association was seen between dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk (OR = 0.65, 95% CI: 0.37-1.14). However, after stratification by menopausal status, a decreased risk was observed between adherence to dietary diabetes risk reduction score and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal individuals (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.19-0.99). CONCLUSION The present study states that there is no significant relationship between the dietary diabetes risk reduction score and the risk of breast cancer. However, adherence to dietary diabetes risk reduction score could have a preventive role for breast cancer among postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Bahrami
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Abdi
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Science, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Ghafouri-Taleghani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Paydareh
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Jalali
- Faculty of Land and Food Systems, University of British Colombia Vancouver, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Bahram Rashidkhani
- Department of Community Nutrition, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chen Y, Zeng S, Jiao B, Zhang H, Li G, Zhang X, Hu X. Adherence to the Diabetes Risk Reduction Diet and Bladder Cancer Risk in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian (PLCO) Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2023; 32:1726-1733. [PMID: 37721479 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-23-0690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to explore the relationship between diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) and bladder cancer risk in Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, Ovarian (PLCO) cohort. METHODS Data from 99,001 participants in the PLCO Cancer Screening Trial were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards regression models to estimate HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for the association between DRRD score and bladder cancer incidence. Subgroup analyses were conducted to assess whether variables such as age, sex, body mass index, cigarette smoking status, and history of diabetes influenced the observed association. The DRRD score was formulated on the basis of nine nutrient intake indicators derived from the Dietary History Questionnaire. RESULTS During the median follow-up of 11.7 years, 761 new bladder cancer cases were identified. Participants with highest DRRD scores exhibited a reduced risk of bladder cancer compared with those in the lowest quartile (unadjusted analysis, HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.53-0.82); multivariable adjusted analysis, HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.98; Ptrend = 0.007). A similar risk reduction was seen solely in transitional cell carcinoma (HR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.64-0.99; P = 0.007). In addition, the significant negative association between DRRD scores and bladder cancer risk persisted even after excluding participants with unique characteristics. CONCLUSIONS This large prospective population-based study suggests that adherence to a DRRD may contribute to the prevention of bladder cancer. IMPACT The DRRD could potentially mitigate bladder cancer risk, which warrants further validation in diverse populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanhao Chen
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Zeng
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Binbin Jiao
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - He Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Gao Li
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaopeng Hu
- Department of Urology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Xiang L, Xiao Y, Xu Z, Luo H, Ren X, Wei Q, Zhu Z, Jiang Y, Tang Y, He H, Zhou Z, Gu H, Wang Y, Peng L. Association of diabetes risk reduction diet with renal cancer risk in 101,755 participants: a prospective study. J Transl Med 2023; 21:684. [PMID: 37784113 PMCID: PMC10544595 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is little prospective evidence exists about whether adherence to a diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) is related to a significant reduction in renal cancer risk. We sought to clarify whether adherence to DRRD was associated with a reduced risk of renal cancer in a US population. METHODS A population-based cohort of 101,755 American adults was identified from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial. A DRRD score was calculated to assess adherence to this dietary pattern, where increased scores indicated greater adherence. The relationship between DRRD score and risk of renal cancer was assessed based on the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), which were both calculated using Cox regression. Non-linear association was determined through restricted cubic spline regression. Potential effect modifiers were identified through subgroup analyses. RESULTS Over a mean follow-up of 8.8 years, 446 renal cancers were detected. In this analysis, the fully adjusted model depicted a notable 29% reduction in the risk of renal cancer among individuals in the highest quartile of DRRD score in comparison with the lowest quartile individuals (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.71; 95% CI = 0.54, 0.94; Ptrend = 0.008). This association remained consistent across a series of sensitivity analyses. A non-linear inverse dose-response association between renal cancer risk with DRRD score was observed (Pnonlinearity = 0.026). Subgroup analyses showed that this favorable link was more prominent in participants with low Healthy Eating Index-2015 (Pinteraction = 0.015). Regarding the individual components of DRRD, a decrease in the risk of renal cancer was linked to increased intake of cereal fiber and whole fruit, and lower sugar-sweetened beverage consumption (all Ptrend < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that individuals adhering to DRRD are associated with a reduction in the risk of renal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Haoyun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Xiaorui Ren
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Qi Wei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yahui Jiang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Hongmei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No. 288 Tianwen Avenue, Nan'an District, Chongqing, 400010, China.
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Wu X, Peng L, Luo H, Xu Z, Wang J, Gu H, Wang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang C, Xiang L. Adherence to diabetes risk reduction diet and the risk of head and neck cancer: a prospective study of 101,755 American adults. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1218632. [PMID: 37810918 PMCID: PMC10556244 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1218632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adherence to the diabetes risk reduction diet (DRRD) may potentially reduce the risk of developing head and neck cancer (HNC) as the diet includes fruits and limits red and processed meats, known risk factors for HNC. However, there is currently no epidemiological research to investigate this potential association. Methods The present study utilized data on demographics, lifestyles, medications, and diets of participants from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial to explore the potential association between adherence to DRRD and the risk of HNC. We used a DRRD score to evaluate adherence to the dietary pattern and employed Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for HNC risk. Several subgroup analyses were carried out to identify potential effect modifiers, and multiple sensitivity analyses were performed to evaluate the stability of the correlation. The nine components of the DRRD was assessed separately for its association with the risk of HNC. Results During a mean follow up of 8.84 years, 279 cases of HNC were observed. DDRD score was found to be inversely associated with the risk of HNC (HR Q4 vs. Q1: 0.582; 95% CI: 0.396, 0.856; p = 0.005 for trend) in a linear dose-response manner (p = 0.211 for non-linearity). Subgroup analysis indicated this inverse correlation was more pronounced among participants who had never smoked (HRQ4 vs. Q1: 0.193; 95% CI: 0.073, 0.511; p < 0.001 for trend) compared to current or former smokers (p = 0.044 for interaction). The primary association of DDRD and HNC risk remained robust after several sensitivity analyses. Regarding the individual components of DRRD, an inverse association was also observed between the risk of HNC and increased intake of cereal fiber and whole fruit (all p < 0.05 for trend). Conclusion Our findings provide evidence that following the DRRD pattern may reduce the risk of NHC, especially for non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Wu
- Department of Health Management Centre, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haoyun Luo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiquan Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jijian Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chaohua Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhu Z, Peng L, Zhou H, Gu H, Tang Y, Zhou Z, Xiang L, Wang Y. Low-fat dairy consumption and the risk of lung cancer: A large prospective cohort study. Cancer Med 2023; 12:16558-16569. [PMID: 37329182 PMCID: PMC10469841 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.6249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the possible contribution of dairy products to the development or prevention of cancers, there is a lack of epidemiological evidence linking low-fat dairy consumption to the risk of developing lung cancer. This research was conducted to fill this knowledge gap. METHODS The data for this research were collected from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. The Cox proportional risk model was employed to evaluate the link between low-fat dairy consumption and the risk of developing lung cancer. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were measured in both unadjusted and adjusted models. A series of predefined subgroup analyses were performed to identify potential effect modifiers, and several sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the stability of the findings. RESULTS The study included data from 98,459 individuals. During a total of 869,807.9 follow-up person-years, 1642 cases of lung cancer were observed, with an incidence of 0.189 cases for every 100 person-years. In the fully adjusted model, participants in the highest quartile of low-fat dairy consumption had a significantly decreased risk of lung cancer compared to the ones in the lowest quartile (HRquartile 4 vs. 1 : 0.769, 95% CI: 0.664, 0.891, ptrend = 0.005). The restricted cubic spline plot revealed an inverse nonlinear dose-response relationship between low-fat dairy consumption and lung cancer risk (pnonlinearity = 0.008). Subgroup analyses demonstrated that the inverse association was stronger among participants with higher daily caloric intake (pinteraction = 0.031). Various sensitivity analyses produced consistent results. CONCLUSION Consuming more low-fat dairy products is significantly linked to a reduced risk of developing lung cancer, indicating that an appropriate increase in the use of low-fat dairy products may help prevent lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - He Zhou
- Laboratory of Cancer Biology Department of OncologyUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- The Second Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryAffiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongChina
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Zhihang Zhou
- Department of GastroenterologyThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical NutritionThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqingChina
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Zhu Z, Peng L, Gu H, Tang Y, Xiao Y, He H, Yang M, Xiang L, Wang Y. Association between dietary approaches to stop hypertension eating pattern and lung cancer risk in 98,459 participants: results from a large prospective study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1142067. [PMID: 37255940 PMCID: PMC10225695 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1142067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) eating pattern is linked to anti-inflammatory responses and antioxidation, which overlap with the pathogenesis of lung cancer. However, there is insufficient epidemiological evidence to link this dietary pattern to lung cancer risk conclusively. Aim To determine if adherence to the DASH diet is linked to a lower risk of developing lung cancer in a large prospective study. Methodology The data of participants were retrieved from the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial. A DASH score was calculated based on 8 dietary components to reflect adherence to DASH, with greater scores representing higher adherence. Three Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to analyze the association between DASH scores and lung cancer risk, including an unadjusted model and two adjusted models (model 1 for demographics and model 2 for fully confounding factors). A restricted cubic spline plot was utilized to illustrate the likelihood of developing lung cancer across the entire range of DASH scores. The association between each of the 8 DASH components and the risk of lung cancer was assessed separately. Several subgroup analyses were conducted to identify potential modifiers, and several sensitivity analyses were performed to verify the robustness of the findings. Results The study involved 98,459 individuals in total. The mean (standard deviation) DASH score was 24.00 (4.62) points, along with the mean follow-up period of 8.84 (1.94) years. Lung cancer was identified in 1642 cases over 869807.9 person-years of follow-up, and the overall incidence rate was 0.189 cases/100 person-years. Participants in the highest quartile in the fully adjusted model had a relatively decreased risk of developing lung cancer in comparison to those in the lowest quartile (HRquartile 4 versus 1: 0.647; 95% CI: 0.557, 0.752; Ptrend < 0.001). The restricted cubic spline plot demonstrated that DASH score and lung cancer risk were inversely associated and had a linear dose-response relationship (Pnon-linear = 0.944). According to subgroup analyses, those who were current or former smokers had a stronger inverse connection than those who never smoked (Pinteraction = 0.013). The results remained robust after several sensitivity analyses. Conclusion The risk of lung cancer was inversely associated with DASH scores in the US population. This suggests that following the DASH pattern can help prevent lung cancer, especially for current or former smokers. More epidemiological evidence from other regions and populations is needed to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyong Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Linglong Peng
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haitao Gu
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunhao Tang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Xiao
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongmei He
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingying Yang
- Department of Surgery Anesthesiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ling Xiang
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaxu Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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Zhao L, Kase B, Zheng J, Steck SE. Dietary Patterns and Risk of Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses of Observational Studies. Curr Nutr Rep 2023:10.1007/s13668-023-00469-w. [PMID: 37097371 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-023-00469-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Previous literature reviews summarized the associations between individual foods or food groups and lung cancer risk, but the relationship between dietary patterns and lung cancer risk has received less attention. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analyses of observational studies on the associations between dietary patterns and lung cancer risk. RECENT FINDINGS PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were systematically searched from inception to February 2023. Random-effects models were used to pool relative risks (RR) on associations with at least two studies. Twelve studies reported on data-driven dietary patterns, and 17 studies reported on a priori dietary patterns. A prudent dietary pattern (high in vegetables, fruit, fish, and white meat) tended to be associated with a lower risk of lung cancer (RR = 0.81, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.66-1.01, n = 5). In contrast, Western dietary patterns, characterized by higher intakes of refined grains and red and processed meat, were significantly positively associated with lung cancer (RR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.08-1.60, n = 6). Healthy dietary scores were consistently associated with a lower risk of lung cancer (Healthy Eating Index [HEI]: RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.80-0.95, n = 4; Alternate HEI: RR = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.81-0.95, n = 4; Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension: RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.77-0.98, n = 4; Mediterranean diet: RR = 0.87, 95% CI = 0.81-0.93, n = 10) while the dietary inflammatory index was associated with a higher risk of lung cancer (RR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.07-1.22, n = 6). Our systematic review indicates dietary patterns characterized by a higher intake of vegetables and fruits, a lower intake of animal products, and anti-inflammation may be associated with a reduced risk of lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longgang Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bezawit Kase
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Jiali Zheng
- School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Susan E Steck
- Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
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