1
|
Amllal N, Zerkaoui M, Jdioui W, Elalaoui SC, Sefiani A, Lyahyai J. A series of four patients with Sotos syndrome harboring novel NSD1 mutations: clinical and molecular description. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:885. [PMID: 39096335 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09829-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sotos syndrome is a rare and complex genetic disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 gene. This syndrome is characterized by rapid early childhood growth, distinct facial features, a learning disability, and multiple other developmental and behavioral challenges. METHODS AND RESULTS In this work, we describe four Moroccan patients with variable clinical presentations of Sotos syndrome, in whom we identified four novel NSD1 monoallelic pathogenic variants by conducting targeted Next Generation Sequencing. Genetic testing allowed us to provide a precise medical diagnosis to our patients and tailor interventions to each patient's needs. CONCLUSIONS Being the first work describing a series of Moroccan patients with this syndrome, this case series contributes to the growing body of literature on Sotos syndrome and provides valuable insights into the clinical and molecular characteristics of this rare disorder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nada Amllal
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genopath Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco.
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco.
| | - Maria Zerkaoui
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Children's Hospital, Ibn Sina CHU, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Wafaa Jdioui
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Children's Hospital, Ibn Sina CHU, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Siham Chafai Elalaoui
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genopath Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Medical Genetics Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, Children's Hospital, Ibn Sina CHU, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Sefiani
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genopath Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
- Department of Medical Genetics, National Institute of Health, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Jaber Lyahyai
- Research Team in Genomics and Molecular Epidemiology of Genetic Diseases, Genopath Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Rabat, University Mohammed V of Rabat, Rabat, Morocco
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Avagliano L, Castiglioni S, Lettieri A, Parodi C, Di Fede E, Taci E, Grazioli P, Colombo EA, Gervasini C, Massa V. Intrauterine growth in chromatinopathies: A long road for better understanding and for improving clinical management. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2383. [PMID: 38984779 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 06/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chromatinopathies are a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders caused by pathogenic variants in genes coding for chromatin state balance proteins. Remarkably, many of these syndromes present unbalanced postnatal growth, both under- and over-, although little has been described in the literature. Fetal growth measurements are common practice in pregnancy management and values within normal ranges indicate proper intrauterine growth progression; on the contrary, abnormalities in intrauterine fetal growth open the discussion of possible pathogenesis affecting growth even in the postnatal period. METHODS Among the numerous chromatinopathies, we have selected six of the most documented in the literature offering evidence about two fetal overgrowth (Sotos and Weaver syndrome) and four fetal undergrowth syndromes (Bohring Opitz, Cornelia de Lange, Floating-Harbor, and Meier Gorlin syndrome), describing their molecular characteristics, maternal biochemical results and early pregnancy findings, prenatal ultrasound findings, and postnatal characteristics. RESULTS/CONCLUSION To date, the scarce data in the literature on prenatal findings are few and inconclusive, even though these parameters may contribute to a more rapid and accurate diagnosis, calling for a better and more detailed description of pregnancy findings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Castiglioni
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Lettieri
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Parodi
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Di Fede
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Esi Taci
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Grazioli
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Adele Colombo
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Gervasini
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Massa
- Department of Health Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Aldo Ravelli Center for Neurotechnology and Experimental Brain Therapeutics, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Prawitt D, Eggermann T. Molecular mechanisms of human overgrowth and use of omics in its diagnostics: chances and challenges. Front Genet 2024; 15:1382371. [PMID: 38894719 PMCID: PMC11183334 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1382371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Overgrowth disorders comprise a group of entities with a variable phenotypic spectrum ranging from tall stature to isolated or lateralized overgrowth of body parts and or organs. Depending on the underlying physiological pathway affected by pathogenic genetic alterations, overgrowth syndromes are associated with a broad spectrum of neoplasia predisposition, (cardio) vascular and neurodevelopmental anomalies, and dysmorphisms. Pathologic overgrowth may be of prenatal or postnatal onset. It either results from an increased number of cells (intrinsic cellular hyperplasia), hypertrophy of the normal number of cells, an increase in interstitial spaces, or from a combination of all of these. The underlying molecular causes comprise a growing number of genetic alterations affecting skeletal growth and Growth-relevant signaling cascades as major effectors, and they can affect the whole body or parts of it (mosaicism). Furthermore, epigenetic modifications play a critical role in the manifestation of some overgrowth diseases. The diagnosis of overgrowth syndromes as the prerequisite of a personalized clinical management can be challenging, due to their clinical and molecular heterogeneity. Physicians should consider molecular genetic testing as a first diagnostic step in overgrowth syndromes. In particular, the urgent need for a precise diagnosis in tumor predisposition syndromes has to be taken into account as the basis for an early monitoring and therapy. With the (future) implementation of next-generation sequencing approaches and further omic technologies, clinical diagnoses can not only be verified, but they also confirm the clinical and molecular spectrum of overgrowth disorders, including unexpected findings and identification of atypical cases. However, the limitations of the applied assays have to be considered, for each of the disorders of interest, the spectrum of possible types of genomic variants has to be considered as they might require different methodological strategies. Additionally, the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostic workflows significantly contribute to the phenotype-driven selection and interpretation of molecular and physiological data.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Prawitt
- Center for Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Eggermann
- Institute for Human Genetics and Genome Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Carvalho LML, Jorge AADL, Bertola DR, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C. A Comprehensive Review of Syndromic Forms of Obesity: Genetic Etiology, Clinical Features and Molecular Diagnosis. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:313-337. [PMID: 38277088 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-023-00543-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Syndromic obesity refers to obesity occurring with additional clinical findings, such as intellectual disability/developmental delay, dysmorphic features, and congenital malformations. PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To present a narrative review regarding the genetic etiology, clinical description, and molecular diagnosis of syndromic obesity, which is a rare condition with high phenotypic variability and genetic heterogeneity. The following syndromes are presented in this review: Prader-Willi, Bardet-Biedl, Pseudohypoparathyroidism, Alström, Smith-Magenis, Cohen, Temple, 1p36 deletion, 16p11.2 microdeletion, Kleefstra, SIM1-related, Börjeson-Forssman-Lehmann, WAGRO, Carpenter, MORM, and MYT1L-related syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS: There are three main groups of mechanisms for syndromic obesity: imprinting, transcriptional activity regulation, and cellular cilia function. For molecular diagnostic, methods of genome-wide investigation should be prioritized over sequencing of panels of syndromic obesity genes. In addition, we present novel syndromic conditions that need further delineation, but evidences suggest they have a higher frequency of obesity. The etiology of syndromic obesity tends to be linked to disrupted neurodevelopment (central) and is associated with a diversity of genes and biological pathways. In the genetic investigation of individuals with syndromic obesity, the possibility that the etiology of the syndromic condition is independent of obesity should be considered. The accurate genetic diagnosis impacts medical management, treatment, and prognosis, and allows proper genetic counseling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Machado Lara Carvalho
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexander Augusto de Lima Jorge
- Genetic Endocrinology Unit, Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory (LIM/25), Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora Romeo Bertola
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Genetics Unit of Instituto da Criança, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo (USP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Cristina Victorino Krepischi
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Rosenberg
- Human Genome and Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Laboratory of Human Genetics - LGH, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo (USP), Matão Street 277 - Room 350, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vaisfeld A, Neri G. Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF MEDICAL GENETICS. PART C, SEMINARS IN MEDICAL GENETICS 2024:e32088. [PMID: 38766979 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024]
Abstract
The Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome (SGBS; OMIM 312870) is an overgrowth/multiple congenital anomalies/dysplasia condition, inherited as an X-linked semi-dominant trait, with variable expressivity in males and reduced penetrance and expressivity in females. The clinical spectrum is broad, ranging from mild manifestations in both males and females to multiple malformations and neonatal death in the more severely affected cases. An increased risk of neoplasia is reported, requiring periodical surveillance. Intellectual development is normal in most cases. SGBS is caused by a loss-of-function mutation of the GPC3 gene, either deletions or point mutations, distributed all over the gene. Notably, GPC3 deletion/point mutations are not found in a significant proportion of clinically diagnosed SGBS cases. The protein product GPC3 is a glypican functioning as a receptor for Hh at the cell surface, involved in the Hh-Ptc-Smo signaling pathway, a regulator of cellular growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Vaisfeld
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giovanni Neri
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, Catholic University School of Medicine, Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lazea C, Vulturar R, Chiș A, Encica S, Horvat M, Belizna C, Damian LO. Macrocephaly and Finger Changes: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5567. [PMID: 38791606 PMCID: PMC11122644 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Macrocephaly, characterized by an abnormally large head circumference, often co-occurs with distinctive finger changes, presenting a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. This review aims to provide a current synthetic overview of the main acquired and genetic etiologies associated with macrocephaly and finger changes. The genetic cause encompasses several categories of diseases, including bone marrow expansion disorders, skeletal dysplasias, ciliopathies, inherited metabolic diseases, RASopathies, and overgrowth syndromes. Furthermore, autoimmune and autoinflammatory diseases are also explored for their potential involvement in macrocephaly and finger changes. The intricate genetic mechanisms involved in the formation of cranial bones and extremities are multifaceted. An excess in growth may stem from disruptions in the intricate interplays among the genetic, epigenetic, and hormonal factors that regulate human growth. Understanding the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms is important for elucidating the developmental pathways and biological processes that contribute to the observed clinical phenotypes. The review provides a practical approach to delineate causes of macrocephaly and finger changes, facilitate differential diagnosis and guide for the appropriate etiological framework. Early recognition contributes to timely intervention and improved outcomes for affected individuals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Clinical Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Romana Vulturar
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St., 400497 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Adina Chiș
- Department of Molecular Sciences, “Iuliu Hațieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, University Babes-Bolyai, 400015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St., 400497 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Svetlana Encica
- Department of Pathology, “Niculae Stancioiu” Heart Institute Cluj-Napoca, 19-21 Calea Moților St., 400001 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Melinda Horvat
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, The Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 400348 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
| | - Cristina Belizna
- UMR CNRS 6015, INSERM U1083, University of Angers, 49100 Angers, France;
- Internal Medicine Department Clinique de l’Anjou, Vascular and Coagulation Department, University Hospital Angers, 49100 Angers, France
| | - Laura-Otilia Damian
- Association for Innovation in Rare Inflammatory, Metabolic, Genetic Diseases INNOROG, 30E, Făgetului St., 400497 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;
- Department of Rheumatology, Center for Rare Musculoskeletal Autoimmune and Autoinflammatory Diseases, Emergency Clinical County Hospital Cluj, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- CMI Reumatologie Dr. Damian, 400002 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ren Z, Yue L, Hu HY, Hou XL, Chen WQ, Tan Y, Dong Z, Zhang J. Identification of Novel NSD1 variations in four Pediatric cases with sotos Syndrome. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:116. [PMID: 38684994 PMCID: PMC11059674 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01889-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Sotos syndrome (SOTOS) is an uncommon genetic condition that manifests itself with the following distinctive features: prenatal overgrowth, facial abnormalities, and intellectual disability. This disorder is often associated with haploinsufficiency of the nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1)gene. We investigated four pediatric cases characterized by early-onset overgrowth and developmental delay. The primary objective of this study was to achieve accurate genetic diagnoses. DESIGN&METHODS A sequential analysis approach comprising chromosomal karyotyping, whole exome sequencing, and microarray analysis was conducted. RESULTS All four cases exhibited variations in the NSD1 gene, with the identification of four previously unreported de novo variants, each specific to one case.Specifically, Case 1 carried the NSD1 (NM_022455): c.2686 C > T(p.Q896X) variant, Case 2 had the NSD1 (NM_022455): c.2858_2859delCT(p.S953X) variant, Case 3 displayed a chromosomal aberration, chr5: 5q35.2q35.3(176,516,604-176,639,249)×1, which encompassed the 5'-untranslated region of NSD1, and Case 4 harbored the NSD1 (NM_022455): c.6397T > G(p.C2133G) variant. CONCLUSION This study not only provided precise diagnoses for these cases but also supplied significant evidence to facilitate informed consultations. Furthermore, our findings expanded the spectrum of mutations associated with SOTOS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Yue
- Department of Pediatric Neurology Rehabilitation, Hebei Children's Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Hua-Ying Hu
- Birth Defects Prevention and Control Technology Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Hou
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 16 Tangu-North Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Wen-Qi Chen
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 16 Tangu-North Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Ya Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University International Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Hebei Key Laboratory of Maternal and Fetal Medicine, Shijiazhuang Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health, Shijiazhuang Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 16 Tangu-North Street, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Sada V, Puliani G, Feola T, Pirchio R, Pofi R, Sesti F, De Alcubierre D, Amodeo ME, D'Aniello F, Vincenzi L, Gianfrilli D, Isidori AM, Grossman AB, Sbardella E. Tall stature and gigantism in transition age: clinical and genetic aspects-a literature review and recommendations. J Endocrinol Invest 2024; 47:777-793. [PMID: 37891382 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-023-02223-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tall stature is defined as height greater than the threshold of more than 2 standard deviations above the average population height for age, sex, and ethnicity. Many studies have described the main aspects of this condition during puberty, but an analysis of the characteristics that the physician should consider in the differential diagnosis of gigantism-tall stature secondary to a pituitary tumour-during the transition age (15-25 years) is still lacking. METHODS A comprehensive search of English-language original articles was conducted in the MEDLINE database (December 2021-March 2022). We selected all studies regarding epidemiology, genetic aspects, and the diagnosis of tall stature and gigantism during the transition age. RESULTS Generally, referrals for tall stature are not as frequent as expected because most cases are familial and are usually unreported by parents and patients to endocrinologists. For this reason, lacking such experience of tall stature, familiarity with many rarer overgrowth syndromes is essential. In the transition age, it is important but challenging to distinguish adolescents with high constitutional stature from those with gigantism. Pituitary gigantism is a rare disease in the transition age, but its systemic complications are very relevant for future health. Endocrine evaluation is crucial for identifying conditions that require hormonal treatment so that they can be treated early to improve the quality of life and prevent comorbidities of individual patient in this age range. CONCLUSION The aim of our review is to provide a practical clinical approach to recognise adolescents, potentially affected by gigantism, as early as possible.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V Sada
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - G Puliani
- Oncological Endocrinology Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena National Cancer Institute, Rome, Italy
| | - T Feola
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Neuroendocrinology, Neuromed Institute, IRCCS, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - R Pirchio
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica e Chirurgia, Sezione di Endocrinologia, Università Degli Studi di Napoli "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - R Pofi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Metabolism, Churchill Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals, NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - F Sesti
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D De Alcubierre
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M E Amodeo
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - F D'Aniello
- Dipartimento Pediatrico Universitario Ospedaliero, Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - L Vincenzi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - D Gianfrilli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A M Isidori
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy
- Centre for Rare Diseases (ENDO-ERN Accredited), Policlinico Umberto I, Rome, Italy
| | - A B Grossman
- Green Templeton College, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
| | - E Sbardella
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena 324, 00161, Rome, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kılıç E, Koşukcu C. New cases of recently described Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome with a novel homozygous FIBP gene variant. Am J Med Genet A 2024; 194:e63449. [PMID: 37876348 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome (#617107) is a rare autosomal recessive overgrowth syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, facial dysmorphism, macrocephaly, and variable congenital malformations. It is caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous FIBP gene mutations. The FIBP gene is located on the 11q13.1 region and codes the acidic fibroblast growth factor intracellular binding protein, which is involved in the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling pathway. FGF signaling is required for neurogenesis and neuronal precursor proliferation. The FGF controls cell proliferation, differentiation, and migration in embryonic development and in adult life. Overgrowth syndromes consist of a wide spectrum disorders characterized by prenatal and postnatal excess growth in weight and length, often associated malformations, intellectual disability, and neoplastic predisposition. Embryonic tumors are especially common in these syndromes. Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome is a recently described overgrowth syndrome with typical facial dysmorphic and clinical features. To date, only four patients have been reported with this disorder. Herein, two new cases of Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome are reported with overgrowth, intellectual disability, typical dysmorphic signs in one dysplastic kidney, and a novel homozygous FIBP gene variant. Exome sequencing analysis showed that both affected siblings share the same homozygous c. 412-3_415dupCAGTTTG FIBP gene variant. Reporting two new cases with this rare autosomal recessive overgrowth syndrome with a novel FIBP gene variant will support and expand the clinical spectrum of Thauvin-Robinet-Faivre syndrome. Also discussed will be the function of FIBP in tumorigenesis and the possible renal tumor susceptibility in heterozygous carriers will be emphasized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esra Kılıç
- Department of Pediatric Genetics, University of Health Sciences, Ankara Bilkent City Children's Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Koşukcu
- Department of Bioinformatics, Hacettepe University Institute of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Connolly GK, Harris RD, Shumate C, Rednam SP, Canfield MA, Plon SE, Nguyen J, Schraw JM, Lupo PJ. Pediatric cancer incidence among individuals with overgrowth syndromes and overgrowth features: A population-based assessment in seven million children. Cancer 2024; 130:467-475. [PMID: 37788149 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.35041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overgrowth syndromes (e.g., Beckwith-Wiedemann) are associated with an increased risk of pediatric cancer, although there are few population-based estimates of risk. There are also limited studies describing associations between other overgrowth features (e.g., hepatosplenomegaly) and pediatric cancer. Therefore, cancer risk among children with these conditions was evaluated with data from a large, diverse population-based registry linkage study. METHODS This study includes all live births in Texas during the years 1999-2017. Children with overgrowth features and syndromes were identified from the Texas Birth Defects Registry; children with cancer were identified by linkage to the Texas Cancer Registry. Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) for the association between each overgrowth syndrome/feature and cancer, which were adjusted for infant sex and maternal age. RESULTS In the total birth cohort (n = 6,997,422), 21,207 children were identified as having an overgrowth syndrome or feature. Children with Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome were 42 times more likely to develop pediatric cancer (95% CI, 24.20-71.83), with hepatoblastoma being the most common, followed by Wilms tumor. The presence of any isolated overgrowth feature was associated with increased cancer risk (HR, 4.70; 95% CI, 3.83-5.77); associations were strongest for hepatosplenomegaly (HR, 23.04; 95% CI, 13.37-39.69) and macroglossia (HR, 11.18; 95% CI, 6.35-19.70). CONCLUSIONS This population-based assessment confirmed prior findings that children with either overgrowth syndromes or features were significantly more likely to develop cancer. Overall, this study supports recommendations for cancer surveillance in children with these conditions and may also inform future research into cancer etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gillean K Connolly
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rachel D Harris
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles Shumate
- Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section, Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Surya P Rednam
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mark A Canfield
- Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section, Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Sharon E Plon
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joanne Nguyen
- Environmental Epidemiology and Disease Registries Section, Birth Defects Epidemiology and Surveillance Branch, Texas Department of State Health Services, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jeremy M Schraw
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Philip J Lupo
- Section of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Section of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Gazzellone A, Sangiorgi E. From Churchill to Elephants: The Role of Protective Genes against Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:118. [PMID: 38255007 PMCID: PMC10815068 DOI: 10.3390/genes15010118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Richard Peto's paradox, first described in 1975 from an epidemiological perspective, established an inverse correlation between the probability of developing cancer in multicellular organisms and the number of cells. Larger animals exhibit fewer tumors compared to smaller ones, though exceptions exist. Mice are more susceptible to cancer than humans, while elephants and whales demonstrate significantly lower cancer prevalence rates than humans. How nature and evolution have addressed the issue of cancer in the animal kingdom remains largely unexplored. In the field of medicine, much attention has been devoted to cancer-predisposing genes, as they offer avenues for intervention, including blocking, downregulating, early diagnosis, and targeted treatment. Predisposing genes also tend to manifest clinically earlier and more aggressively, making them easier to identify. However, despite significant strides in modern medicine, the role of protective genes lags behind. Identifying genes with a mild predisposing effect poses a significant challenge. Consequently, comprehending the protective function conferred by genes becomes even more elusive, and their very existence is subject to questioning. While the role of variable expressivity and penetrance defects of the same variant in a family is well-documented for many hereditary cancer syndromes, attempts to delineate the function of protective/modifier alleles have been restricted to a few instances. In this review, we endeavor to elucidate the role of protective genes observed in the animal kingdom, within certain genetic syndromes that appear to act as cancer-resistant/repressor alleles. Additionally, we explore the role of protective alleles in conditions predisposing to cancer. The ultimate goal is to discern why individuals, like Winston Churchill, managed to live up to 91 years of age, despite engaging in minimal physical activity, consuming large quantities of alcohol daily, and not abstaining from smoking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenio Sangiorgi
- Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Dipartimento di Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Yoshikawa C, Ariyani W, Kohno D. DNA Methylation in the Hypothalamic Feeding Center and Obesity. J Obes Metab Syndr 2023; 32:303-311. [PMID: 38124554 PMCID: PMC10786209 DOI: 10.7570/jomes23073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity rates have been increasing worldwide for decades, mainly due to environmental factors, such as diet, nutrition, and exercise. However, the molecular mechanisms through which environmental factors induce obesity remain unclear. Several mechanisms underlie the body's response to environmental factors, and one of the main mechanisms involves epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation. The pattern of DNA methylation is influenced by environmental factors, and altered DNA methylation patterns can affect gene expression profiles and phenotypes. DNA methylation may mediate the development of obesity caused by environmental factors. Similar to the factors governing obesity, DNA methylation is influenced by nutrients and metabolites. Notably, DNA methylation is associated with body size and weight programming. The DNA methylation levels of proopiomelanocortin (Pomc) and neuropeptide Y (Npy) in the hypothalamic feeding center, a key region controlling systemic energy balance, are affected by diet. Conditional knockout mouse studies of epigenetic enzymes have shown that DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center plays an indispensable role in energy homeostasis. In this review, we discuss the role of DNA methylation in the hypothalamic feeding center as a potential mechanism underlying the development of obesity induced by environmental factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Yoshikawa
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Winda Ariyani
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kohno
- Metabolic Signal Research Center, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Maebashi, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Carrizosa-Molina T, Casillas-Díaz N, Pérez-Nadador I, Vales-Villamarín C, López-Martínez MÁ, Riveiro-Álvarez R, Wilhelm L, Cervera-Juanes R, Garcés C, Lomniczi A, Soriano-Guillén L. Methylation analysis by targeted bisulfite sequencing in large for gestational age (LGA) newborns: the LARGAN cohort. Clin Epigenetics 2023; 15:191. [PMID: 38093359 PMCID: PMC10717641 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-023-01612-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 1990, David Barker proposed that prenatal nutrition is directly linked to adult cardiovascular disease. Since then, the relationship between adult cardiovascular risk, metabolic syndrome and birth weight has been widely documented. Here, we used the TruSeq Methyl Capture EPIC platform to compare the methylation patterns in cord blood from large for gestational age (LGA) vs adequate for gestational age (AGA) newborns from the LARGAN cohort. RESULTS We found 1672 differentially methylated CpGs (DMCs) with a nominal p < 0.05 and 48 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) with a corrected p < 0.05 between the LGA and AGA groups. A systems biology approach identified several biological processes significantly enriched with genes in association with DMCs with FDR < 0.05, including regulation of transcription, regulation of epinephrine secretion, norepinephrine biosynthesis, receptor transactivation, forebrain regionalization and several terms related to kidney and cardiovascular development. Gene ontology analysis of the genes in association with the 48 DMRs identified several significantly enriched biological processes related to kidney development, including mesonephric duct development and nephron tubule development. Furthermore, our dataset identified several DNA methylation markers enriched in gene networks involved in biological pathways and rare diseases of the cardiovascular system, kidneys, and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Our study identified several DMCs/DMRs in association with fetal overgrowth. The use of cord blood as a material for the identification of DNA methylation biomarkers gives us the possibility to perform follow-up studies on the same patients as they grow. These studies will not only help us understand how the methylome responds to continuum postnatal growth but also link early alterations of the DNA methylome with later clinical markers of growth and metabolic fitness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Carrizosa-Molina
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Casillas-Díaz
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Miguel Ángel López-Martínez
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa Riveiro-Álvarez
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Larry Wilhelm
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Rita Cervera-Juanes
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center for Precision Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Carmen Garcés
- Lipid Research Laboratory, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lomniczi
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Dalhousie University School of Medicine, 5850 College Street, Halifax, NS, B3H 4R2, Canada.
| | - Leandro Soriano-Guillén
- Department of Pediatrics, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Avda. Reyes Católicos, 2, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Di Nora A, Pellino G, Di Mari A, Scarlata F, Greco F, Pavone P. Early is Better: Report of a Cowden Syndrome. Glob Med Genet 2023; 10:345-347. [PMID: 38025191 PMCID: PMC10681804 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1777275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In the clinical practice, it is not common for pediatricians to visit children with overgrowth phenotype. When it happens, it is important to focus on the age of manifestations and research the pathogenic causes using appropriate genetic test. Cowden syndrome is one of these rare causes; it is an autosomal dominant genodermatosis characterized by multiple hamartomas of ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal origin. It is caused by loss of function mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene located on chromosome 10q23.1 Loss of function of the PTEN gene contributes to overgrowth and risk for a variety of cancers including breast, thyroid, endometrium, skin, kidneys, and colon. The early diagnosis of Cowden disease allows a careful monitoring of the patients who are facing the risk of cancer transformation, which is the principal complication of the condition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Di Nora
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - G. Pellino
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Medical Genetics, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - A. Di Mari
- Department of Radiology, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F. Scarlata
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - F. Greco
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - P. Pavone
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Klein SD, Nisbet A, Kalish JM. Overgrowth syndromes, diagnosis and management. Curr Opin Pediatr 2023; 35:620-630. [PMID: 37791807 PMCID: PMC10872759 DOI: 10.1097/mop.0000000000001298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will focus on the current knowledge of the diagnosis and management of overgrowth syndromes with specific focus on mosaic conditions and treatment strategies. RECENT FINDINGS With the implementation of massively parallel sequencing, the genetic etiology of many classically described overgrowth syndromes have been identified. More recently, the role of mosaic genetic changes has been well described in numerous syndromes. Furthermore, the role of imprinting and methylation, especially of the 11p15 region, has been shown to be instrumental for growth. Perhaps most importantly, many overgrowth syndromes carry an increased risk of neoplasm formation especially in the first 10 years of life and possibly beyond. The systematic approach to the child with overgrowth will aide in timely diagnosis and efficiently align them with appropriate screening strategies. In some cases, precision medical interventions are available to target the perturbed growth signaling pathways. SUMMARY The systematic approach to the child with overgrowth aids in the standardization of the diagnostic pathway for these young patients, thereby expediting the diagnostic timeline, enabling rigorous monitoring, and delivering tailored therapeutic interventions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Steven D. Klein
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alex Nisbet
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Kalish
- Division of Human Genetics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yu QX, Zhen L, Lin XM, Wen YJ, Li DZ. Fetal macrocephaly in late pregnancy: don't forget overgrowth syndromes. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 62:908-909. [PMID: 37325867 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Q-X Yu
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - L Zhen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - X-M Lin
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-J Wen
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - D-Z Li
- Prenatal Diagnostic Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Belonis A, Saenz Ayala S. Genetics 101: When to Refer. Pediatr Clin North Am 2023; 70:895-904. [PMID: 37704348 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
Although genetics has traditionally been associated with pregnancy, birth defects, and newborn screening, almost every disease is influenced in part by an individual's genetic makeup. Therefore, it is important to consider the impact of genetics in health and disease throughout an individual's lifetime.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alyce Belonis
- Division of Human Genetics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, MLC 4006, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati School of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | - Sofia Saenz Ayala
- Division of Human Genetics, University of Maryland Medical Center, 737 West Lombard Street, Room 199, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Nikolaou M, Vasilakis IA, Marinakis NM, Tilemis FN, Zellos A, Lykopoulou E, Traeger-Synodinos J, Kanaka-Gantenbein C. Hepatomegaly and fatty liver disease secondary to central hypothyroidism in combination with macrosomia as initial presentation of IGSF1 deficiency syndrome. Hormones (Athens) 2023; 22:515-520. [PMID: 37493943 DOI: 10.1007/s42000-023-00468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE IGSF1 deficiency syndrome (immunoglobulin superfamily member 1) is considered the most common sex-linked cause of secondary congenital hypothyroidism and is characterized by a wide variety of other clinical and biochemical features, including hypoprolactinemia, transient and partial growth hormone deficiency, early/normal timing of testicular enlargement but delayed testosterone rise in puberty, and adult macro-orchidism. Congenital central hypothyroidism is a rare disease (1:65,000 births); the detection of which may be delayed and missed by neonatal screening programs since most neonatal screening programs are based on TSH determination in dried blood spots only. Untreated hypothyroidism may cause abnormal liver biochemistry and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Our aim is to report a case of secondary hypothyroidism in an infant with an uncommon initial presentation. CASE PRESENTATION (METHODS/RESULTS) A 3-month-old male baby was referred to our hospital due to elevated alpha-fetoprotein levels, hypercholesterolemia, and macrosomia. Initial investigations revealed enlarged fatty liver and central hypothyroidism. Pituitary insufficiency was biochemically excluded and a pituitary MRI showed normal findings. Upon genetic analysis, a hemizygous variant NM_001170961.1:c.2422dup, p.(His808Profs*14), in IGSF1 gene was detected, establishing the diagnosis of the IGSF1 deficiency syndrome. In our patient, no other clinical findings were identified. Treatment with levothyroxine led to the remission of liver disease. CONCLUSION Liver disease may be the initial presentation of secondary hypothyroidism in neonates and infants. Macrosomia in patients with isolated secondary central hypothyroidism is a strong indicator of IGSF1 syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Nikolaou
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics of the Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece.
| | - Ioannis-Anargyros Vasilakis
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics of the Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos M Marinakis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- Research University Institute for the Study and Prevention of Genetic and Malignant Diseases of Childhood, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Faidon-Nikolaos Tilemis
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Aglaia Zellos
- First Department of Pediatrics of the Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evangelia Lykopoulou
- First Department of Pediatrics of the Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Joanne Traeger-Synodinos
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Diabetes, First Department of Pediatrics of the Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
- First Department of Pediatrics of the Medical School of Athens, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sedlack AJH, Hatfield SJ, Kumar S, Arakawa Y, Roper N, Sun NY, Nilubol N, Kiseljak-Vassiliades K, Hoang CD, Bergsland EK, Hernandez JM, Pommier Y, del Rivero J. Preclinical Models of Adrenocortical Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2873. [PMID: 37296836 PMCID: PMC10251941 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15112873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adrenocortical cancer is an aggressive endocrine malignancy with an incidence of 0.72 to 1.02 per million people/year, and a very poor prognosis with a five-year survival rate of 22%. As an orphan disease, clinical data are scarce, meaning that drug development and mechanistic research depend especially on preclinical models. While a single human ACC cell line was available for the last three decades, over the last five years, many new in vitro and in vivo preclinical models have been generated. Herein, we review both in vitro (cell lines, spheroids, and organoids) and in vivo (xenograft and genetically engineered mouse) models. Striking leaps have been made in terms of the preclinical models of ACC, and there are now several modern models available publicly and in repositories for research in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. H. Sedlack
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Samual J. Hatfield
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Suresh Kumar
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yasuhiro Arakawa
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nitin Roper
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Nai-Yun Sun
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Katja Kiseljak-Vassiliades
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80016, USA
| | - Chuong D. Hoang
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Emily K. Bergsland
- University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | | | - Yves Pommier
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jaydira del Rivero
- Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Loukas N, Vrachnis D, Antonakopoulos N, Pergialiotis V, Mina A, Papoutsis I, Iavazzo C, Fotiou A, Stavros S, Valsamakis G, Vlachadis N, Maroudias G, Mastorakos G, Iliodromiti Z, Drakakis P, Vrachnis N. Prenatal Exposure to Bisphenol A: Is There an Association between Bisphenol A in Second Trimester Amniotic Fluid and Fetal Growth? MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:medicina59050882. [PMID: 37241114 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59050882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Fetal growth abnormalities increase the risk of negative perinatal and long-term outcomes. Bisphenol A (BPA) is a ubiquitous endocrine-disrupting chemical to which humans may be exposed in a number of ways, such as from the environment, via various consumer products, and through the individual's diet. Since the compound possesses estrogen-mimicking properties and exerts epigenetic and genotoxic effects, it has been associated with harmful effects impacting the entire spectrum of human life, including, vitally, the intrauterine period. We investigated the role of maternal exposure to BPA in abnormal fetal growth velocity, both impaired and excessive. Materials and Methods: Amniotic fluid samples were collected from 35 women who underwent amniocentesis early in the second trimester due to medical reasons. Pregnancies were followed until delivery, and birth weights were recorded. The amniotic fluid samples were subsequently divided into three groups based on fetal birth weight, as follows: AGA (appropriate for gestational age), SGA (small for gestational age), and LGA (large for gestational age). Amniotic fluid BPA levels were determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. Results: BPA was detected in 80% (28/35) of our amniotic fluid samples. Median concentration was 281.495 pg/mL and ranged from 108.82 pg/mL to 1605.36 pg/mL. No significant association was observed between the study groups regarding BPA concentration. A significant positive correlation between amniotic fluid BPA concentration and birth weight centile (r = 0.351, p-value = 0.039) was identified. BPA levels were also inversely associated with gestational age in pregnancies at term (between 37 and 41 weeks) (r = -0.365, p-value = 0.031). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that maternal exposure to BPA during the early second trimester of pregnancy can potentially contribute to increased birthweight percentiles and to decreased gestational age in pregnancies at term.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Loukas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Dionysios Vrachnis
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Antonakopoulos
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Vasilios Pergialiotis
- First Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Alexandra Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Areti Mina
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis Papoutsis
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 27 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Iavazzo
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Metaxa Memorial Cancer Hospital, 185 37 Piraeus, Greece
| | - Alexandros Fotiou
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Sofoklis Stavros
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Georgios Valsamakis
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlachadis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kalamata General Hospital, 241 00 Kalamata, Greece
| | - Georgios Maroudias
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 185 36 Piraeus, Greece
| | - George Mastorakos
- Second Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Endocrine Unit, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Zoi Iliodromiti
- Department of Neonatology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 115 28 Athens, Greece
| | - Petros Drakakis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vrachnis
- Third Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Attikon Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Zhang J, Croft J, Le A. Familial CCM Genes Might Not Be Main Drivers for Pathogenesis of Sporadic CCMs-Genetic Similarity between Cancers and Vascular Malformations. J Pers Med 2023; 13:jpm13040673. [PMID: 37109059 PMCID: PMC10143507 DOI: 10.3390/jpm13040673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are abnormally dilated intracranial capillaries that form cerebrovascular lesions with a high risk of hemorrhagic stroke. Recently, several somatic "activating" gain-of-function (GOF) point mutations in PIK3CA (phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit p110α) were discovered as a dominant mutation in the lesions of sporadic forms of cerebral cavernous malformation (sCCM), raising the possibility that CCMs, like other types of vascular malformations, fall in the PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS). However, this possibility has been challenged with different interpretations. In this review, we will continue our efforts to expound the phenomenon of the coexistence of gain-of-function (GOF) point mutations in the PIK3CA gene and loss-of-function (LOF) mutations in CCM genes in the CCM lesions of sCCM and try to delineate the relationship between mutagenic events with CCM lesions in a temporospatial manner. Since GOF PIK3CA point mutations have been well studied in reproductive cancers, especially breast cancer as a driver oncogene, we will perform a comparative meta-analysis for GOF PIK3CA point mutations in an attempt to demonstrate the genetic similarities shared by both cancers and vascular anomalies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Jacob Croft
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| | - Alexander Le
- Departments of Molecular & Translational Medicine (MTM), Texas Tech University Health Science Center El Paso (TTUHSCEP), El Paso, TX 79905, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Ferguson R, Scurr I, Ours CA, Johnston JJ, Pike K, Spentzou G. Co-occurrence of Proteus syndrome and ventricular tachycardia cardiac arrest in a teenager. Am J Med Genet A 2023; 191:1430-1433. [PMID: 36808868 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.63151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Proteus syndrome is an extremely rare overgrowth condition caused by a somatic variant of the AKT1 gene. It can involve multiple organ systems though rarely is there symptomatic cardiac involvement. Fatty infiltration of the myocardium has been described but has not been reported to cause functional or conduction abnormalities. We present an individual with Proteus syndrome who suffered a sudden cardiac arrest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Richard Ferguson
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Ingrid Scurr
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University Hospitals Bristol and Weston NHS Foundation Trust, Bristol, UK
| | - Christopher A Ours
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jennifer J Johnston
- Center for Precision Health Research, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Katharine Pike
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Georgia Spentzou
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Molecular Analysis and Reclassification of NSD1 Gene Variants in a Cohort of Patients with Clinical Suspicion of Sotos Syndrome. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14020295. [PMID: 36833222 PMCID: PMC9956575 DOI: 10.3390/genes14020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Sotos syndrome is a rare genetic disorder caused by haploinsufficiency of the NSD1 (nuclear receptor binding SET domain containing protein 1) gene. No clinical diagnostic consensus criteria are published yet, and molecular analysis reduces the clinical diagnostic uncertainty. We screened 1530 unrelated patients enrolled from 2003 to 2021 at Galliera Hospital and Gaslini Institute in Genoa. NSD1 variants were identified in 292 patients including nine partial gene deletions, 13 microdeletions of the entire NSD1 gene, and 115 novel intragenic variants never previously described. Thirty-two variants of uncertain significance (VUS) out of 115 identified were re-classified. Twenty-five missense NSD1 VUS (25/32, 78.1%) changed class to likely pathogenic or likely benign, showing a highly significant shift in class (p < 0.01). Apart from NSD1, we identified variants in additional genes (NFIX, PTEN, EZH2, TCF20, BRWD3, PPP2R5D) in nine patients analyzed by the NGS custom panel. We describe the evolution of diagnostic techniques in our laboratory to ascertain molecular diagnosis, the identification of 115 new variants, and the re-classification of 25 VUS in NSD1. We underline the utility of sharing variant classification and the need to improve communication between the laboratory staff and the referring physician.
Collapse
|
24
|
Favi Bocca L, Pereira Rodrigues T, Bortholin T, Targas Yacubian EM, Carrete Júnior H, Guaranha M, Silva Centeno R. Case report: Successful anterior temporal lobectomy in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy associated with Sotos syndrome. Front Neurol 2023; 14:1126327. [PMID: 36970544 PMCID: PMC10033939 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2023.1126327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Sotos syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by haploinsufficiency of NSD1 gene, with some individuals affected by epilepsy and, rarely, drug-resistant seizures. A 47-years-old female patient with Sotos syndrome was diagnosed with focal-onset seizures in left temporal lobe, left-side hippocampal atrophy, and neuropsychological testing with decreased performance in several cognitive domains. Patient was treated with left-side temporal lobe resection and developed complete awake seizure control in 3-years of follow-up, with marked improvement in quality-of-life. In selected, clinically concordant patients, resective surgeries may play a significant role in improving patient's quality of life and seizure control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Favi Bocca
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Leonardo Favi Bocca
| | | | - Thiago Bortholin
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Mirian Guaranha
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Silva Centeno
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ferilli M, Ciolfi A, Pedace L, Niceta M, Radio FC, Pizzi S, Miele E, Cappelletti C, Mancini C, Galluccio T, Andreani M, Iascone M, Chiriatti L, Novelli A, Micalizzi A, Matraxia M, Menale L, Faletra F, Prontera P, Pilotta A, Bedeschi MF, Capolino R, Baban A, Seri M, Mammì C, Zampino G, Digilio MC, Dallapiccola B, Priolo M, Tartaglia M. Genome-Wide DNA Methylation Profiling Solves Uncertainty in Classifying NSD1 Variants. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:2163. [PMID: 36421837 PMCID: PMC9690023 DOI: 10.3390/genes13112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inactivating NSD1 mutations causing Sotos syndrome have been previously associated with a specific genome-wide DNA methylation (DNAm) pattern. Sotos syndrome is characterized by phenotypic overlap with other overgrowth syndromes, and a definite diagnosis might not be easily reached due to the high prevalence of variants of unknown significance (VoUS) that are identified in patients with a suggestive phenotype. OBJECTIVE we performed microarray DNAm profiling in a set of 11 individuals with a clinical suspicion of Sotos syndrome and carrying an NSD1 VoUS or previously unreported variants to solve uncertainty in defining pathogenicity of the observed variants. The impact of the training cohort size on sensitivity and prediction confidence of the classifier was assessed. RESULTS The Sotos syndrome-specific DNAm signature was validated in six individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Sotos syndrome and carrying bona fide pathogenic NSD1 variants. Applying this approach to the remaining 11 individuals with NSD1 variants, we succeeded in confirming pathogenicity in eight subjects and excluding the diagnosis of Sotos syndrome in three. The sensitivity and prediction confidence of the classifier based on the different sizes of the training sets did not show substantial differences, though the overall performance was improved by using a data balancing strategy. CONCLUSIONS The present approach solved uncertainty in cases with NDS1 VoUS, further demonstrating the clinical utility of DNAm profiling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Ferilli
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marcello Niceta
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | - Simone Pizzi
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Camilla Cappelletti
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Cecilia Mancini
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Tiziana Galluccio
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Andreani
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Haematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- Medical Genetics Laboratory, ASST Papa Giovanni XXIII, 24127 Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luigi Chiriatti
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Matraxia
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Menale
- Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Flavio Faletra
- Medical Genetics Unit, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137 Trieste, Italy
| | - Paolo Prontera
- Maternal-Infantile Department, University Hospital of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
| | - Alba Pilotta
- Auxo-Endocrinology, Diabetology and Medical Genetic Unit, Department of Paediatrics, ASST Spedali Civili, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Maria Francesca Bedeschi
- Medical Genetic Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Clinica Mangiagalli, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Rossella Capolino
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Anwar Baban
- Medical and Surgical Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- U.O. Genetica Medica, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Dipartimento Scienze della Vita, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Digilio
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Unità di Genetica Medica, Grande Ospedale Metropolitano “Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli”, 89124 Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Area di Ricerca Genetica e Malattie Rare, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Park S, Kim J, Song TY, Jang DH. Case Report: The success of face analysis technology in extremely rare genetic diseases in Korea: Tatton–Brown–Rahman syndrome and Say–Barber –Biesecker–Young–Simpson variant of ohdo syndrome. Front Genet 2022; 13:903199. [PMID: 35991575 PMCID: PMC9382078 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.903199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Tatton–Brown–Rahman syndrome (TBRS) and Say–Barber–Biesecker– Young–Simpson variant of Ohdo syndrome (SBBYSS) are extremely rare genetic disorders with less than 100 reported cases. Patients with these disorders exhibit a characteristic facial dysmorphism: TBRS is characterized by a round face, a straight and thick eyebrow, and prominent maxillary incisors, whereas SBBYSS is characterized by mask-like facies, blepharophimosis, and ptosis. The usefulness of Face2Gene as a tool for the identification of dysmorphology syndromes is discussed, because, in these patients, it suggested TBRS and SBBYSS within the top five candidate disorders. Face2Gene is useful for the diagnosis of extremely rare diseases in Korean patients, suggesting the possibility of expanding its clinical applications.
Collapse
|
27
|
Macchiaiolo M, Panfili FM, Vecchio D, Gonfiantini MV, Cortellessa F, Caciolo C, Zollino M, Accadia M, Seri M, Chinali M, Mammì C, Tartaglia M, Bartuli A, Alfieri P, Priolo M. A deep phenotyping experience: up to date in management and diagnosis of Malan syndrome in a single center surveillance report. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022; 17:235. [PMID: 35717370 PMCID: PMC9206304 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-022-02384-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malan syndrome (MALNS) is a recently described ultrarare syndrome lacking guidelines for diagnosis, management and monitoring of evolutive complications. Less than 90 patients are reported in the literature and limited clinical information are available to assure a proper health surveillance.
Results A multidisciplinary team with high expertise in MALNS has been launched at the “Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù”, Rome, Italy. Sixteen Italian MALNS individuals with molecular confirmed clinical diagnosis of MALNS were enrolled in the program. For all patients, 1-year surveillance in a dedicated outpatient Clinic was attained. The expert panel group enrolled 16 patients and performed a deep phenotyping analysis directed to clinically profiling the disorder and performing critical revision of previously reported individuals. Some evolutive complications were also assessed. Previously unappreciated features (e.g., high risk of bone fractures in childhood, neurological/neurovegetative symptoms, noise sensitivity and Chiari malformation type 1) requiring active surveillance were identified. A second case of neoplasm was recorded. No major cardiovascular anomalies were noticed. An accurate clinical description of 9 new MALNS cases was provided. Conclusions Deep phenotyping has provided a more accurate characterization of the main clinical features of MALNS and allows broadening the spectrum of disease. A minimal dataset of clinical evaluations and follow-up timeline has been proposed for proper management of patients affected by this ultrarare disorder. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13023-022-02384-9.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Macchiaiolo
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy.
| | - Filippo M Panfili
- University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy.,Academic Department of Pediatrics, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Vecchio
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Michaela V Gonfiantini
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabiana Cortellessa
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Caciolo
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marcella Zollino
- Genetica Medica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy.,Dipartimento Universitario Scienze della Vita e Sanità Pubblica, Sezione di Medicina Genomica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore Facoltà di Medicina e Chirurgia, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Accadia
- Medical Genetics Service, Hospital "Cardinale G. Panico", Tricase, Lecce, Italy
| | - Marco Seri
- Unit of Medical Genetics, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marcello Chinali
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiac Surgery, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCSS, Rome, Italy
| | - Corrado Mammì
- Operative Unit of Medical Genetics, Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, V. Melacrino, 89100, Reggio Calabria, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Disease Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Bartuli
- Rare Diseases and Medical Genetics Unit, University-Hospital Pediatric Department (DPUO), Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza di Sant'Onofrio, 4, 00165, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Alfieri
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Department of Neuroscience, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Manuela Priolo
- Operative Unit of Medical Genetics, Bianchi-Melacrino-Morelli Hospital, V. Melacrino, 89100, Reggio Calabria, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Precocious puberty in a case of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome with a de novo 240-kb deletion including GPC3. Hum Genome Var 2022; 9:23. [PMID: 35680838 PMCID: PMC9184466 DOI: 10.1038/s41439-022-00196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report a Japanese patient with Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome involving a de novo 240-kb deletion including a part of GPC3. The patient showed pre- and postnatal macrosomia associated with coarse face, macrocephaly, supernumerary nipples, and cryptorchidism and characteristically presented with precocious puberty, mostly evaluated as advanced pubertal age of 15 years at the chronological age of 11.5 years.
Collapse
|
29
|
Marques P, Korbonits M. Approach to the Patient With Pseudoacromegaly. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2022; 107:1767-1788. [PMID: 34792134 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Pseudoacromegaly encompasses a heterogeneous group of conditions in which patients have clinical features of acromegaly or gigantism, but no excess of GH or IGF-1. Acromegaloid physical features or accelerated growth in a patient may prompt referral to endocrinologists. Because pseudoacromegaly conditions are rare and heterogeneous, often with overlapping clinical features, the underlying diagnosis may be challenging to establish. As many of these have a genetic origin, such as pachydermoperiostosis, Sotos syndrome, Weaver syndrome, or Cantú syndrome, collaboration is key with clinical geneticists in the diagnosis of these patients. Although rare, awareness of these uncommon conditions and their characteristic features will help their timely recognition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
- Endocrinology Department, Hospital de Santa Maria, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Lisboa Norte, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, EC1M 6BQ London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhang J, Abou-Fadel J, Renteria M, Belkin O, Chen B, Zhu Y, Dammann P, Rigamonti D. Cerebral cavernous malformations do not fall in the spectrum of PIK3CA-related overgrowth. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:jnnp-2022-328901. [PMID: 35477890 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-328901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Somatic gain-of-function (GOF) mutations in phosphatidylinositol-4, 5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), the catalytic subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), have been recently discovered in cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs), raising the possibility that the activation of PI3K pathways is a possible universal regulator of vascular morphogenesis. However, there have been contradicting data presented among various groups and studies. To enhance the current understanding of vascular anomalies, it is essential to explore this possible relationship between altered PI3K signalling pathways and its influence on the pathogenesis of CCMs. GOF PIK3CA-mutants have been linked to overgrowth syndromes, allowing this group of disorders, resulting from somatic activating mutations in PIK3CA, to be collectively named as PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum disorders. This paper reviews and attempts to conceptualise the relationships and differences among clinical presentations, genotypic and phenotypic correlations and possible coexistence of PIK3CA and CCM mutations/phenotypes in CCM lesions. Finally, we present a model reflecting our hypothetical understanding of CCM pathogenesis based on a systematic review and conceptualisation of data obtained from other studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Zhang
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Johnathan Abou-Fadel
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Mellisa Renteria
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Ofek Belkin
- Molecular and Translational Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Bixia Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Yuan Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp Dammann
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Öztürk Durmaz E, Demircioğlu D, Yalınay Dikmen P, Alanay Y, Alanay A, Demirkesen C, Tokat F, Karaarslan E. A Review on Cutaneous and Musculoskeletal Manifestations of CLOVES Syndrome. Clin Cosmet Investig Dermatol 2022; 15:621-630. [PMID: 35444443 PMCID: PMC9013705 DOI: 10.2147/ccid.s351637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
CLOVES syndrome is a novel sporadic mosaic segmental overgrowth syndrome, currently categorized under the canopy of PROS (PIK3CA-related overgrowth spectrum) disorders. All PROS disorders harbor heterozygous postzygotic activating somatic mutations involving the PIK3CA gene. As an upstream regulator of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway, activating mutations of PIK3CA gene commence in uncontrolled growth of cutaneous, vascular (capillaries, veins, and lymphatics), adipose, neural, and musculoskeletal tissues. The excessive growth is segmental, patchy, asymmetric, and confined to body parts affected by the mutation. The term ‘CLOVES’ is an acronym denoting congenital lipomatous overgrowth, vascular malformations, epidermal nevi and spinal (scoliosis) and/ or skeletal anomalies. The syndrome is characterized by an admixture of overgrown tissues, derived mainly from mesoderm and neuroectoderm. Among PROS disorders, CLOVES syndrome represents the extreme end of the spectrum with massive affection of almost the entire body. The syndrome might judiciously be treated with medications hampering with the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signal transduction pathway. This article aims at reviewing the cutaneous and musculoskeletal manifestations of CLOVES syndrome, as the paradigm for PROS disorders. CLOVES syndrome and other PROS disorders are still misdiagnosed, underdiagnosed, underreported, and undertreated by the dermatology community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emel Öztürk Durmaz
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Deniz Demircioğlu
- Department of Dermatology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Pınar Yalınay Dikmen
- Department of Neurology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Alanay
- Department of Pediatrics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Alanay
- Department of Orthopedics, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Cüyan Demirkesen
- Department of Pathology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Fatma Tokat
- Department of Pathology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Ercan Karaarslan
- Department of Radiology, Acıbadem Mehmet Ali Aydınlar University School of Medicine, İstanbul, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sha J, Tan F, Liu Y, Xu Z, Wang X, Zhai J. A prenatal case of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 with a 0.26-Mb deletion fragment at Xq26.2 inherited from mother: Case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e29222. [PMID: 35482990 PMCID: PMC9276221 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000029222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE The purpose of this report was to explore how to manage the fetus of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) and to provide a definite diagnosis to guide the following genetic counseling for the pregnancy. PATIENT CONCERNS A 24-year-old women, gravida 1, para 0, was 172 cm tall with weight 65 kg. She was referred to our center for counseling due to second-trimester ultrasound screening anomalies at 22 + 5 weeks of gestation age. Meanwhile the ultrasound examination indicated the overgrowth of the fetus. She and her husband were healthy and nonconsanguineous without family history. DIAGNOSES The karyotype and copy number variations sequencing (CNV-seq) combined with fetal ultrasound manifestation confirmed the diagnosis of SGBS1. INTERVENTIONS No treatment for the fetus. OUTCOMES Pregnancy was terminated. LESSIONS Once fetal overgrowth and other malformation are revealed in prenatal ultrasound, although without polyhydramnios and organomegaly, SGBS1 should be considered and further genetic testing such as CNV-seq and whole exon sequencing should be conducted to help clinicians provide a definite diagnosis to guide the following genetic counseling and the next pregnancy.
Collapse
|
33
|
Villate O, Maortua H, Tejada MI, Llano-Rivas I. RNA Analysis and Clinical Characterization of a Novel Splice Variant in the NSD1 Gene Causing Familial Sotos Syndrome. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:827802. [PMID: 35186810 PMCID: PMC8848324 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.827802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sotos syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by overgrowth, macrocephaly, distinctive facial features and learning disabilities. Haploinsufficiency of the nuclear receptor SET domain-containing protein 1 (NSD1) gene located on chromosome 5q35 is the major cause of the syndrome. This syndrome shares characteristics with other overgrowth syndromes, which can complicate the differential diagnosis. METHODS Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of members of the same family and targeted exome analysis was performed. In silico study of the variant found by next-generation sequencing was used to predict disruption/creation of splice sites and the identification of potential cryptic splice sites. RNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of patients and functional analyses were performed to confirm the pathogenicity. RESULTS We found a novel c.6463 + 5G>A heterozygous NSD1 gene pathogenic variant in a son and his father. Molecular analyses revealed that part of the intron 22 of NSD1 is retained due to the destruction of the splicing donor site, causing the appearance of a premature stop codon in the NSD1 protein. CONCLUSIONS Our findings underline the importance of performing RNA functional assays in order to determine the clinical significance of intronic variants, and contribute to the genetic counseling and clinical management of patients and their relatives. Our work also highlights the relevance of using in silico prediction tools to detect a potential alteration in the splicing process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olatz Villate
- Pediatric Oncology Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Hiart Maortua
- Neurodegenerative Diseases Group, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Genetics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Spain
| | - María-Isabel Tejada
- Genetics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Spain.,Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, Barakaldo, Spain.,Spanish Consortium for Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Llano-Rivas
- Genetics Service, Hospital Universitario Cruces-Osakidetza, Barakaldo, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Mussa A, Carli D, Cardaropoli S, Ferrero GB, Resta N. Lateralized and Segmental Overgrowth in Children. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13246166. [PMID: 34944785 PMCID: PMC8699773 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13246166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital disorders of lateralized or segmental overgrowth (LO) are heterogeneous conditions with increased tissue growth in a body region. LO can affect every region, be localized or extensive, involve one or several embryonic tissues, showing variable severity, from mild forms with minor body asymmetry to severe ones with progressive tissue growth and related relevant complications. Recently, next-generation sequencing approaches have increased the knowledge on the molecular defects in LO, allowing classifying them based on the deranged cellular signaling pathway. LO is caused by either genetic or epigenetic somatic anomalies affecting cell proliferation. Most LOs are classifiable in the Beckwith-Wiedemann spectrum (BWSp), PI3KCA/AKT-related overgrowth spectrum (PROS/AROS), mosaic RASopathies, PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome, mosaic activating variants in angiogenesis pathways, and isolated LO (ILO). These disorders overlap over common phenotypes, making their appraisal and distinction challenging. The latter is crucial, as specific management strategies are key: some LO is associated with increased cancer risk making imperative tumor screening since childhood. Interestingly, some LO shares molecular mechanisms with cancer: recent advances in tumor biological pathway druggability and growth downregulation offer new avenues for the treatment of the most severe and complicated LO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Mussa
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Clinical Genetics Unit, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0113135372
| | - Diana Carli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
- Pediatric Onco-Hematology, Stem Cell Transplantation and Cell Therapy Division, Regina Margherita Children’s Hospital, Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Simona Cardaropoli
- Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy; (D.C.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Nicoletta Resta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology (DIMO), Medical Genetics, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, 70121 Bari, Italy;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Guo D, He D, Shen Q, Lin N, He S, Dai Y, Li Y, Xu L, Wu X. Comprehensive Assessment of Fetal Bilateral Ventriculomegaly Based on Genetic Disorders, Cytomegalovirus Infection, Extra Prenatal Imaging and Pregnancy Outcomes in a Tertiary Referral Center. Int J Gen Med 2021; 14:7719-7728. [PMID: 34764685 PMCID: PMC8577530 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s335011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This retrospective study aimed to systematically evaluate the genetic disorders, cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection, extra ultrasound findings and outcomes of fetuses with bilateral ventriculomegaly (BVM). Methods Data from pregnancies with fetal BVM were obtained between 2014 and 2020. The cases were divided into groups of isolated bilateral ventriculomegaly (IBVM) and non-isolated bilateral ventriculomegaly (NIBVM) according to the presence of extra prenatal imaging. Subgroups of mild, moderate, and severe were determined according to lateral ventricle widths. The NIBVM group was further classified into pregnancies with soft markers, non-structural abnormalities, and structural abnormalities. Results A total of 353 pregnancies were enrolled, including 153 cases of IBVM and 200 cases of NIBVM. Conventional karyotyping was performed on 192 samples, and 15 cases of numerical abnormalities and 3 cases of unbalanced structural abnormalities were identified. Chromosomal microarray analysis (CMA) was concurrently performed on 108 of them and revealed additional 5 cases (4.7%) of copy number variants with clinical significance. CMV DNA testing was performed on 154 of the 192 cases that underwent invasive prenatal diagnosis, and a positive result was found in 2 (1.3%) cases. In the IBVM group, the percentage of favorable prognosis in the mild, moderate and severe pregnancies were 94.4%, 79.2%, and 4.8%, respectively, and the termination of pregnancy (TOP) rates were 4.6%, 20.8%, and 85.7%, respectively. In both the mild and moderate NIBVM, the TOP rates progressively increased and the favorable prognosis survival rates progressively decreased relative to the soft markers, non-structural abnormalities, and structural abnormalities, respectively. Approximately 94.1% of severe NIBVM ended in termination. Conclusion Genetic disorders and fetal infection are important etiology of BVM. CMA is highly recommended for genetic disorders’ evaluation. Pregnancies with severe BVM always ended in TOP, while in mild-to-moderate NIBVM, prenatal imaging by ultrasound and/or MRI plays important roles in the pregnancy outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danhua Guo
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqin He
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingmei Shen
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Lin
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuqiong He
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yifang Dai
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Li
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Liangpu Xu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqing Wu
- Medical Genetic Diagnosis and Therapy Center of Fujian Provincial Maternity and Child Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Prenatal Diagnosis and Birth Defect, Fuzhou City, Fujian Province, People's Republic of China.,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
ERAS, a Member of the Ras Superfamily, Acts as an Oncoprotein in the Mammary Gland. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215588. [PMID: 34771750 PMCID: PMC8582886 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The genes of the RAS family are among the group of genes most frequently mutated in human cancer. ERAS is a relatively unknown gene of this family. Although ERAS is overexpressed in some tumoral samples and in several cancer cell lines of human origin, it is not known if its expression drives tumor formation or if, alternatively, its expression is a secondary event in tumoral transformation. In this report, in order to clarify the role of ERAS in mammary tumorigenesis, we studied transgenic mice expressing ERAS in myoepithelial cells of mammary and other exocrine glands and in basal cells of stratified epithelia. These mice displayed an altered development and function of the mammary glands, and suffered high-frequency tumoral lesions in the mammary glands resembling a rare human breast tumor named malignant adenomyoepithelioma. Our results clearly demonstrate that ERAS is a true oncogene able to produce mammary tumors when inappropriately expressed. Abstract ERAS is a relatively uncharacterized gene of the Ras superfamily. It is expressed in ES cells and in the first stages of embryonic development; later on, it is silenced in the majority of cell types and tissues. Although there are several reports showing ERAS expression in tumoral cell lines and human tumor samples, it is unknown if ERAS deregulated expression is enough to drive tumor development. In this report, we have generated transgenic mice expressing ERAS in myoepithelial basal cells of the mammary gland and in basal cells of stratified epithelia. In spite of the low level of ERAS expression, these transgenic mice showed phenotypic alterations resembling overgrowth syndromes caused by the activation of the AKT-PI3K pathway. In addition, their mammary glands present developmental and functional disabilities accompanied by morphological and biochemical alterations in the myoepithelial cells. These mice suffer from tumoral transformation in the mammary glands with high incidence. These mammary tumors resemble, both histologically and by the expression of differentiation markers, malignant adenomyoepitheliomas. In sum, our results highlight the importance of ERAS silencing in adult tissues and define a truly oncogenic role for ERAS in mammary gland cells when inappropriately expressed.
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu J, Liu Q, Yang S, Ma N, Pang J, Peng Y, Xi H, Jia Z, Luo Y, Jiang M, Teng Y, Yu W, Li Z, Wang H. Prenatal case of Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome with a de novo 370Kb-sized microdeletion of Xq26.2 compassing partial GPC3 gene and review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2021; 9:e1750. [PMID: 34293831 PMCID: PMC8404223 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Simpson-Golabi-Behmel syndrome type 1 (SGBS1) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder characterized by pre- and postnatal overgrowth and a broad spectrum of anomalies including craniofacial dysmorphism, heart defects, renal, and genital anomalies. Due to the ultrasound findings are not pathognomonic for this syndrome, most clinical diagnosis of SGBS1 are made postnatally. METHODS A pregnant woman with abnormal prenatal sonographic findings was advised to perform molecular diagnosis. Single nucleotide polymorphism array (SNP array) was performed in the fetus, and the result was validated with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR). RESULTS The prenatal sonographic presented with increased nuchal translucency at 13 gestational weeks, and later at 21 weeks with cleft lip and palate, heart defect, increased amniotic fluid index and over growth. A de novo 370Kb-deletion covering the 5'-UTR and exon 1 of GPC3 gene was detected in the fetus by SNP array, which was subsequently confirmed by MLPA and qPCR. CONCLUSION The de novo 370Kb hemizygous deletion of 5'-UTR and exon 1 of GPC3 results in the SGBS1 of this Chinese family. Combination of ultrasound and genetics tests helped us effectively to diagnose the prenatal cases of SGBS1. Our findings also enlarge the spectrum of mutations in GPC3 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shuting Yang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Na Ma
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jialun Pang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ying Peng
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hui Xi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhengjun Jia
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yingchun Luo
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Meiping Jiang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yanling Teng
- Hunan Jiahui Genetics Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenxian Yu
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhuo Li
- Center for Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics & Hunan Key Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hua Wang
- Department of Medical Genetics, Hunan Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Changsha, Hunan, China.,National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Birth Defects Research, Prevention and Treatment, Changsha, Hunan, China
| |
Collapse
|