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Fieß A, Hartmann A, Mildenberger E, Urschitz MS, Laspas P, Schultheis A, Stoffelns B, Pfeiffer N, Gißler S, Schuster AK. Sex-Specific Differences in the Relationship Between Prematurity and Ocular Geometry. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:23. [PMID: 38874964 PMCID: PMC11182371 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.6.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To explore differences in the relationship between gestational age (GA) and birth weight (BW) percentile and ocular geometry between males and females. Methods The Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study involved a prospective ophthalmic examination of adults, aged 18 to 52 years, who were born preterm or at term, in Germany. The associations between GA and BW percentile on the main outcome measures were evaluated by uni- and multivariable linear regression analyses. The main outcome measures were central corneal thickness, corneal radius, anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, posterior segment length, and central foveal thickness. Potential sex-specific differences and an effect modification by sex were analyzed. Results This study involved 438 participants (245 females, 193 males) with an average age of 28.6 ± 8.7 years. In female participants, central foveal thickness was negatively associated with a higher GA (B = -2.99; P < 0.001). Similarly, male participants also demonstrated a negative association between central foveal thickness and GA (B = -4.27; P < 0.001). The multivariable model with effect modification revealed that the central foveal thickness was thicker with lower GA. There was an association between the effect modification of GA with sex and central foveal thickness, demonstrating a more pronounced effect of GA on central foveal thickness in male participants (B = 1.29; P = 0.04). Conclusions This study identified a sex-specific correlation between lower GA and thicker central foveal thickness, suggesting differences in the developmental trajectory of this biometric parameter concerning GA. A thicker central foveal thickness might affect the visual acuity of individuals born preterm in adulthood, with a more pronounced impact in males and a potential predisposition to age-related diseases later in life. Sex did not influence the association of GA or BW percentile to other ocular geometric parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Fieß
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alica Hartmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Eva Mildenberger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Michael S. Urschitz
- Division of Pediatric Epidemiology, Institute for Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Panagiotis Laspas
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anna Schultheis
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Stoffelns
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Sandra Gißler
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alexander K. Schuster
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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Wang Z, Luo R, Zhuo Y, Deng D. Lens power, cornea power and association with refractive error in children with moderate to high hyperopia. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:292-300. [PMID: 38168030 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to profile ocular biometry parameters and predictors of spherical equivalent refraction (SER) among children with moderate to high hyperopia. METHODS Individuals <18 years of age with moderate to high hyperopia were enrolled from November 2015 to November 2021. Participants underwent a series of comprehensive ocular examinations, and were classified as having low hyperopia, that is, SER +0.5 to < +2.0 D or moderate to high hyperopia, that is, SER ≥ +2.0 D. RESULTS A total of 459 and 230 eyes with moderate to high hyperopia and low hyperopia, respectively, were included. Moderate to high hyperopic eyes had a shorter axial length, stronger lens power (24.78 ± 5.47 D vs. 18.74 ± 1.63 D, p < 0.001) and weaker corneal power (42.82 ± 1.75 D vs. 43.31 ± 1.55 D, p < 0.001) than low hyperopic eyes. When comparing values before and after 5 years of age, both lens power and axial length differed significantly in the moderate to high hyperopia group, whereas in the low hyperopia group, they only differed significantly after 9 years of age. Lens power was negatively associated with AL in eyes with axial lengths between 20 and 22 mm. A multiple linear regression model which included axial length (standardised β = -0.80, p < 0.001), corneal power (standardised β = -0.47, p < 0.001) and lens power (standardised β = 0.23, p < 0.001) explained 81.2% of the variance in SER. CONCLUSIONS Differences in lens power and axial length in moderate to high hyperopic eyes became significantly smaller after 5 years of age, at least 4 years earlier than for the low hyperopia. Lens power could offset the axial elongation in participants with axial lengths between 20 and 22 mm, suggesting that children with moderate to high hyperopia might have different ocular growth patterns. Axial length, corneal power and lens power were the main predictors of SER in moderate to high hyperopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Woman and Children Hospital, Foshan, China
| | - Ruiyu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Daming Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Centre for Ocular Diseases, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Hu Y, Fan Z, Zhao X, Correa VSMC, Wu Z, Lu X, Zeng X, Chen L, Yu Z, Zheng L, He J, Zhang G. Refractive Status and Biometric Characteristics of Children With Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023; 64:27. [PMID: 37850946 PMCID: PMC10593135 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.64.13.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare biometric characteristics between patients with early-stage familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) and healthy controls. Methods This case-control study included 50 FEVR eyes in stage 1-2 and 50 control eyes matched by age, gender and spherical equivalent (SE). Biometric parameters including axial length (AL), white-to-white diameter (WTW), central corneal thickness (CCT), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), pupil diameter, vitreous chamber depth, anterior and posterior corneal surface curvature radius (ACR and PCR), anterior lens surface curvature radius (ALR) and posterior lens surface curvature radius were measured using IOLMaster 700 and compared between cases and controls using paired t-test. Correlations between SE and biometric measures were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficient (r) in cases and controls. Results Both FEVR cases and matched controls had a mean age of 7.6 years, 48% female and mean SE of -5.3 D (80% myopia). Compared to controls, FEVR eyes had smaller AL (P = 0.009), WTW (P = 0.001), ACD (P < 0.001), and ALR (P = 0.03), but larger CCT (P = 0.02) and LT (P = 0.01). In FEVR eyes, SE was negatively correlated with AL (r = -0.79, P < 0.001), positively correlated with ACR (r = 0.29, P = 0.04) and PCR (r = 0.33, P = 0.02), whereas in controls, SE was negatively correlated with AL (r = -0.82, P < 0.001) and LT (r = -0.34, P = 0.02), positively correlated with ALR (r = 0.29, P = 0.04). Conclusions Patients at early stage of FEVR exhibited a unique eye morphology resembling ocular development arrest, which may help to develop screening and early detection tools for FEVR. In FEVR patients, myopia is very prevalent and significantly associated with corneal curvature increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarou Hu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zixin Fan
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Victor S. M. C. Correa
- Retina Service, Ines and Fred Yeatts Retina Research Laboratory, Angiogenesis Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Zhenquan Wu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaofeng Lu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xianlu Zeng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Laijiao Chen
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Yu
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Zheng
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jicang He
- New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Guoming Zhang
- Shenzhen Eye Hospital, Jinan University, Shenzhen Eye Institute, Shenzhen, China
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