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Xing Z, Gao S, Zheng A, Tong C, Fang Y, Xiang Z, Chen S, Wang W, Hua C. Promising roles of combined therapy based on immune response and iron metabolism in systemic lupus erythematosus. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112481. [PMID: 38917527 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an intricate autoimmune disease with diverse manifestations. Immunometabolism reprogramming contributes to the progression of SLE by regulating the phenotype and function of immune cells. Dysregulated iron metabolism is implicated in SLE pathogenesis, affecting both systemic and immune cell-specific iron homeostasis. This review explores the systemic and cellular iron handling and regulation. Additionally, the advancements regarding iron metabolism in SLE with a focus on the distinct subsets of immune cells are highlighted. By gaining insight into the interplay between iron dysregulation and immune dysfunction, the potential therapeutic avenues may be unveiled. However, challenges remain in elucidating cell-specific iron metabolic reprogramming and its contribution to SLE pathogenesis needs further research for personalized therapeutic interventions and biomarker discovery. This review provides an in-depth understanding of immune cell-specific regulatory mechanisms of iron metabolism and new insights in current challenges as well as possible clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouhang Xing
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sheng Gao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Anzhe Zheng
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chuyan Tong
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zheng Xiang
- School of the 2nd Clinical Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Siyan Chen
- School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, School of Biomedical Engineering, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wenqian Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Chunyan Hua
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, Zhejiang Province, China.
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Pandur E, Pap R, Jánosa G, Tamási K, Sipos K. Regulation of iron metabolism in HEC-1A endometrium cells by macrophage-derived factors and fractalkine. Cell Biol Int 2024; 48:737-754. [PMID: 38410054 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.12144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages in the endometrium promote receptivity and implantation by secreting proinflammatory cytokines and other factors like fractalkine (FKN). Macrophages are closely linked to regulating iron homeostasis and can modulate iron availability in the tissue microenvironment. It has been revealed that the iron metabolism of the mother is crucial in fertility. Iron metabolism is strictly controlled by hepcidin, the principal iron regulatory protein. The inflammatory cytokines can modulate hepcidin synthesis and, therefore, the iron metabolism of the endometrium. It was proven recently that FKN, a unique chemokine, is implicated in maternal-fetal communication and may contribute to endometrial receptivity and implantation. In the present study, we investigated the effect of activated THP-1 macrophages and FKN on the iron metabolism of the HEC-1A endometrial cells. We established a noncontact coculture with or without recombinant human FKN supplementation to study the impact of the macrophage-derived factors and FKN on the regulation of hepcidin synthesis and iron release and storage of endometrial cells. Based on our findings, the conditioned medium of the activated macrophages could modify hepcidin synthesis via the nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and the transferrin receptor 2/bone morphogenetic protein 6/suppressor of mothers against decapentaplegic 1/5/8 signaling pathways, and FKN could alter this effect on the endometrial cells. It was also revealed that the conditioned macrophage medium and FKN modulated the iron release and storage of HEC-1A cells. FKN signaling may be involved in the management of iron trafficking of the endometrium by the regulation of hepcidin. It can contribute to the iron supply for fetal development at the early stage of the pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Ramóna Pap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Gergely Jánosa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kitti Tamási
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
- National Laboratory on Human Reproduction, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
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Dai Y, Wei X, Jiang T, Wang Q, Li Y, Ruan N, Luo P, Huang J, Yang Y, Yan Q, Zhang C, Liu Y. Ferroptosis in age-related vascular diseases: Molecular mechanisms and innovative therapeutic strategies. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 173:116356. [PMID: 38428313 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Aging, an inevitable aspect of human existence, serves as one of the predominant risk factors for vascular diseases. Delving into the mystery of vascular disease's pathophysiology, the profound involvement of programmed cell death (PCD) has been extensively demonstrated. PCD is a fundamental biological process that plays a crucial role in both normal physiology and pathology, including a recently discovered form, ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is characterized by its reliance on iron and lipid peroxidation, and its significant involvement in vascular disease pathophysiology has been increasingly acknowledged. This phenomenon not only offers a promising therapeutic target but also deepens our understanding of the complex relationship between ferroptosis and age-related vascular diseases. Consequently, this article aims to thoroughly review the mechanisms that enable the effective control and inhibition of ferroptosis. It focuses on genetic and pharmacological interventions, with the goal of developing innovative therapeutic strategies to combat age-related vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Dai
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Xiuxian Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Tao Jiang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yi Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Nan Ruan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Pengcheng Luo
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Jingwen Huang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Department of Nursing, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Qi Yan
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Cuntai Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China; Key Laboratory of Vascular Aging, Ministry of Education, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, China.
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Yuan Y, He Q, Yang X, Flores JJ, Huang L, Luo X, Zhang X, Zhang Z, Li R, Gu L, Dong S, Zhu S, Yi K, Han M, Wu L, Zhou Y, Zhang JH, Xie Z, Tang J. Mitochondrial ferritin upregulation reduced oxidative stress and blood-brain-barrier disruption by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis in a neonatal rat model of germinal matrix hemorrhage. Exp Neurol 2024; 374:114703. [PMID: 38281588 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Germinal matrix hemorrhage (GMH) is a devasting neurological disease in premature newborns. After GMH, brain iron overload associated with hemoglobin degradation contributed to oxidative stress, causing disruption of the already vulnerable blood-brain barrier (BBB). Mitochondrial ferritin (FTMT), a novel mitochondrial outer membrane protein, is crucial in maintaining cellular iron homeostasis. We aimed to investigate the effect of FTMT upregulation on oxidative stress and BBB disruption associated with brain iron overload in rats. A total of 222 Sprague-Dawley neonatal rat pups (7 days old) were used to establish a collagenase-induced GMH model and an iron-overload model of intracerebral FeCl2 injection. Deferiprone was administered via gastric lavage 1 h after GMH and given daily until euthanasia. FTMT CRISPR Knockout and adenovirus (Ad)-FTMT were administered intracerebroventricularly 48 h before GMH and FeCl2 injection, respectively. Neurobehavioral tests, immunofluorescence, Western blot, Malondialdehyde measurement, and brain water content were performed to evaluate neurobehavior deficits, oxidative stress, and BBB disruption, respectively. The results demonstrated that brain expressions of iron exporter Ferroportin (FPN) and antioxidant glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) as well as BBB tight junction proteins including Claudin-5 and Zona Occulta (ZO)-1 were found to be decreased at 72 h after GMH. FTMT agonist Deferiprone attenuated oxidative stress and preserved BBB tight junction proteins after GMH. These effects were partially reversed by FTMT CRISPR Knockout. Iron overload by FeCl2 injection resulted in oxidative stress and BBB disruption, which were improved by Ad-FTMT mediated FTMT overexpression. Collectively, FTMT upregulation is neuroprotective against brain injury associated with iron overload. Deferiprone reduced oxidative stress and BBB disruption by maintaining cellular iron homeostasis partially by the upregulating of FTMT after GMH. Deferiprone may be an effective treatment for patients with GMH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Yuan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Qiuguang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Xiao Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Jerry J Flores
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lei Huang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Xu Luo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Zongyi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Ruihao Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Lingui Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center for Malignant Brain Tumors, National Glioma MDT Alliance, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Siyuan Dong
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Shiyi Zhu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Kun Yi
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Chongqing Eye Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Mingyang Han
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Lei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - You Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - John H Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Departments of Anesthesiology and Neurology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Zongyi Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, 76 Linjiang Road, Chongqing 400010, China.
| | - Jiping Tang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA.
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Song Y, Gao M, Wei B, Huang X, Yang Z, Zou J, Guo Y. Mitochondrial ferritin alleviates ferroptosis in a kainic acid-induced mouse epilepsy model by regulating iron homeostasis: Involvement of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14663. [PMID: 38439636 PMCID: PMC10912846 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epilepsy is a widespread and chronic disease of the central nervous system caused by a variety of factors. Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) refers to ferritin located within the mitochondria that may protect neurons against oxidative stress by binding excess free iron ions in the cytoplasm. However, the potential role of FtMt in epilepsy remains unclear. We aimed to investigate whether FtMt and its related mechanisms can regulate epilepsy by modulating ferroptosis. METHODS Three weeks after injection of adeno-associated virus (AAV) in the skull of adult male C57BL/6 mice, kainic acid (KA) was injected into the hippocampus to induce seizures. Primary hippocampal neurons were transfected with siRNA using a glutamate-mediated epilepsy model. After specific treatments, Western blot analysis, immunofluorescence, EEG recording, transmission electron microscopy, iron staining, silver staining, and Nissl staining were performed. RESULTS At different time points after KA injection, the expression of FtMt protein in the hippocampus of mice showed varying degrees of increase. Knockdown of the FtMt gene by AAV resulted in an increase in intracellular free iron levels and a decrease in the function of iron transport-related proteins, promoting neuronal ferroptosis and exacerbating epileptic brain activity in the hippocampus of seizure mice. Additionally, increasing the expression level of FtMt protein was achieved by AAV-mediated upregulation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) gene in the hippocampus of seizure mice. CONCLUSIONS In epilepsy, Nrf2 modulates ferroptosis by involving the expression of FtMt and may be a potential therapeutic mechanism of neuronal injury after epilepsy. Targeting this relevant process for treatment may be a therapeutic strategy to prevent epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Song
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Mengjiao Gao
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Boyang Wei
- Department of Cerebrovascular Surgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, The Engineering Technology Research Center of Education Ministry of China on Diagnosis and Treatment of Cerebrovascular Disease, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | | | - Zeyu Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory for Polymeric Composite and Functional Materials of Ministry of EducationSun Yat‐sen UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Junjie Zou
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yanwu Guo
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Neurosurgery Center, The National Key Clinical Specialty, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory on Brain Function Repair and Regeneration, The Neurosurgery Institute of Guangdong Province, Zhujiang HospitalSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouGuangdongChina
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Li Z, Zhao B, Zhang Y, Fan W, Xue Q, Chen X, Wang J, Qi X. Mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis contributes to the inflammatory responses of bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) in vitro. J Virol 2024; 98:e0188023. [PMID: 38226812 PMCID: PMC10878082 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01880-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) belongs to the family Flaviviridae and includes two biotypes in cell culture: cytopathic (CP) or non-cytopathic (NCP) effects. Ferroptosis is a non-apoptotic form of programmed cell death that contributes to inflammatory diseases. However, whether BVDV induces ferroptosis and the role of ferroptosis in viral infection remain unclear. Here, we provide evidence that both CP and NCP BVDV can induce ferroptosis in Madin-Darby bovine kidney cells at similar rate. Mechanistically, biotypes of BVDV infection downregulate cytoplasmic and mitochondrial GPX4 via Nrf2-GPX4 pathway, thereby resulting in lethal lipid peroxidation and promoting ferroptosis. In parallel, BVDV can degrade ferritin heavy chain and mitochondrial ferritin via NCOA4-mediated ferritinophagy to promote the accumulation of Fe2+ and initiate ferroptosis. Importantly, CP BVDV-induced ferroptosis is tightly associated with serious damage of mitochondria and hyperactivation of inflammatory responses. In contrast, mild or unapparent damage of mitochondria and slight inflammatory responses were detected in NCP BVDV-infected cells. More importantly, different mitophagy pathways in response to mitochondria damage by both biotypes of BVDV are involved in inflammatory responses. Overall, this study is the first to show that mitochondria may play key roles in mediating ferroptosis and inflammatory responses induced by biotypes of BVDV in vitro.IMPORTANCEBovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) threatens a wide range of domestic and wild cattle population worldwide. BVDV causes great economic loss in cattle industry through its immunosuppression and persistent infection. Despite extensive research, the mechanism underlying the pathogenesis of BVDV remains elusive. Our data provide the first direct evidence that mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis and mitophagy are involved in inflammatory responses in both biotypes of BVDV-infected cells. Importantly, we demonstrate that the different degrees of injury of mitochondria and inflammatory responses may attribute to different mitophagy pathways induced by biotypes of BVDV. Overall, our findings uncover the interaction between BVDV infection and mitochondria-mediated ferroptosis, which shed novel light on the physiological impacts of ferroptosis on the pathogenesis of BVDV infection, and provide a promising therapeutic strategy to treat this important infectious disease with a worldwide distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xi'an, China
| | - Bao Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Shaanxi Animal Disease Control Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xi'an, China
| | - Wenqi Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xi'an, China
| | - Qinghong Xue
- China Institute of Veterinary Drug Control, Beijing, China
| | - Xiwen Chen
- Animal Disease Prevention and Control, Healthy Breeding Engineering Technology Research Center, Mianyang Normal University, Mianyang, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xi'an, China
| | - Xuefeng Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Ruminant Disease Prevention and Control (West), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xi'an, China
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Xiao Z, Wang X, Pan X, Xie J, Xu H. Mitochondrial iron dyshomeostasis and its potential as a therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease. Exp Neurol 2024; 372:114614. [PMID: 38007207 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Abnormal iron accumulation has been implicated in the etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Understanding how iron damages dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN) of PD is particularly important for developing targeted neurotherapeutic strategies for the disease. However, it is still not fully understood how excess iron contributes to the neurodegeneration of dopaminergic neurons in PD. There has been increased attention on mitochondrial iron dyshomeostasis, iron-induced mitochondrial dysfunction and ferroptosis in PD. Therefore, this review begins with a brief introduction to describe cellular iron metabolism and the dysregulation of iron metabolism in PD. Then we provide an update on how iron is delivered to mitochondria and induces the damage of dopaminergic neurons in PD. In addition, we also summarize new research progress on iron-dependent ferroptosis in PD and mitochondria-localized proteins involved in ferroptosis. This will provide new insight into potential therapeutic strategies targeting mitochondrial iron dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixin Xiao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoya Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xuening Pan
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Huamin Xu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Luan Y, Yang Y, Luan Y, Liu H, Xing H, Pei J, Liu H, Qin B, Ren K. Targeting ferroptosis and ferritinophagy: new targets for cardiovascular diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2024; 25:1-22. [PMID: 38163663 PMCID: PMC10758208 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b2300097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading factor driving mortality worldwide. Iron, an essential trace mineral, is important in numerous biological processes, and its role in CVDs has raised broad discussion for decades. Iron-mediated cell death, namely ferroptosis, has attracted much attention due to its critical role in cardiomyocyte damage and CVDs. Furthermore, ferritinophagy is the upstream mechanism that induces ferroptosis, and is closely related to CVDs. This review aims to delineate the processes and mechanisms of ferroptosis and ferritinophagy, and the regulatory pathways and molecular targets involved in ferritinophagy, and to determine their roles in CVDs. Furthermore, we discuss the possibility of targeting ferritinophagy-induced ferroptosis modulators for treating CVDs. Collectively, this review offers some new insights into the pathology of CVDs and identifies possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Luan
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Clinical Systems Biology Research Laboratories, Translational Medicine Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ying Luan
- State Key Laboratory for Artificial Microstructures and Mesoscopic Physics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hui Liu
- School of Laboratory Medicine, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Han Xing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jinyan Pei
- Quality Management Department, Henan No. 3 Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Hengdao Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. ,
| | - Bo Qin
- Center for Translational Medicine, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China. ,
| | - Kaidi Ren
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Application & Translation of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.
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9
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Dong X, Li Y, Sheng X, Zhou W, Sun A, Dai H. Mitochondria-related signaling pathways involved in breast cancer regulate ferroptosis. Genes Dis 2024; 11:358-366. [PMID: 37588231 PMCID: PMC10425853 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2023.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a novel form of regulated cell death characterized by iron-dependent excessive lipid peroxidation. The core organelle involved in ferroptosis is mitochondria. Mitochondria undergoing ferroptosis are distinct from normal mitochondria in terms of morphology, biochemistry, gene expression, and energy metabolism. An increasing number of studies have shown that mitochondria and their associated metabolic pathways mediate ferroptosis in the development and progression of breast cancer. In this review, we discuss the relevant research about ferroptosis in breast cancer and provide a comprehensive summary of mitochondrial regulation in ferroptosis from the perspective of lipid metabolism, oxidative phosphorylation, ion metabolism, glycometabolism, and nucleotide metabolism. We also summarize the application of mitochondrial metabolism-related pathways as ferroptosis treatment targets. Here we provide new insights into the relationship between mitochondria, ferroptosis, and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Dong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Ye Li
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Xiaonan Sheng
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Weihang Zhou
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Aijun Sun
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Oncological Surgery, Xuzhou Medical College Affiliated Huaian Hospital, Huai'an, Jiangsu 223001, China
| | - Huijuan Dai
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200127, China
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10
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WU JIANFA, LIAO QIANYI, ZHANG LI, WU SUQIN, LIU ZHOU. TGF-β-regulated different iron metabolism processes in the development and cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer. Oncol Res 2023; 32:373-391. [PMID: 38186569 PMCID: PMC10765122 DOI: 10.32604/or.2023.031404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The impact of different iron metabolism processes (DIMP) on ovarian cancer remains unclear. In this study, we employed various gene chips and databases to investigate the role of DIMP in the initiation and development of ovarian cancer. cBioPortal was used to determine mutations in DIMP-associated genes in ovarian cancer. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to examine the influence of DIMP on the prognosis of ovarian cancer. By analyzing 1669 serous ovarian cancer cases, we identified a range of mutations in iron metabolism genes, notably in those coding for the transferrin receptor (19%), melanotransferrin (19%), and ceruloplasmin (10%) in the iron import process, and glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (9%), hepcidin antimicrobial peptide (9%), metal regulatory transcription factor 1 (8%), and bone morphogenetic protein 6 (8%) in the iron regulation process. Compared to the unaltered group, the group with gene alterations exhibited a higher tumor mutation burden count (43 vs. 54) and more advanced histologic grade (78.19% vs. 87.90%). Compared to the normal ovarian counterparts, a reduction in expression was observed in 9 out of the 14 genes involved in iron utilization and 4 out of the 5 genes involved in iron export in ovarian cancer; in contrast, an increase in expression was observed in 2 out of the 3 genes involved in iron storage in ovarian cancer. Furthermore, in cisplatin-resistant cells compared to cisplatin-sensitive ones, the expression of all genes in iron storage and 13 out of 14 genes in iron import was decreased, while that of 8 out of the 10 genes in iron utilization was increased. In addition, survival curve analysis indicated that a higher expression in the majority of genes in the iron import process (12/21), or a reduced expression in most genes in the iron export process (4/5) correlated with poor progression-free survival. Additionally, TGF-β could regulate the expression of most iron metabolism-associated genes; particularly, expression of genes involved in the iron storage process (2/2) was inhibited after TGF-β1 or TGF-β2 treatment. In conclusion, DIMP plays multifaceted roles in the initiation, chemo-resistance, and prognosis of ovarian cancer. Therapeutically targeting DIMP may pave the way for more tailored treatment approaches for ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- JIANFA WU
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - QIANYI LIAO
- Department of Gynecology, Gongshan People’s Hospital, Nujiang Lisu Autonomous Prefecture, China
| | - LI ZHANG
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - SUQIN WU
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - ZHOU LIU
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences Affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences, Shanghai, China
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11
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Liu AB, Li SJ, Yu YY, Zhang JF, Ma L. Current insight on the mechanisms of programmed cell death in sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1309719. [PMID: 38161332 PMCID: PMC10754983 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1309719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a clinical syndrome characterized by a dysregulated host response to infection, leading to life-threatening organ dysfunction. It is a high-fatality condition associated with a complex interplay of immune and inflammatory responses that can cause severe harm to vital organs. Sepsis-induced myocardial injury (SIMI), as a severe complication of sepsis, significantly affects the prognosis of septic patients and shortens their survival time. For the sake of better administrating hospitalized patients with sepsis, it is necessary to understand the specific mechanisms of SIMI. To date, multiple studies have shown that programmed cell death (PCD) may play an essential role in myocardial injury in sepsis, offering new strategies and insights for the therapeutic aspects of SIMI. This review aims to elucidate the role of cardiomyocyte's programmed death in the pathophysiological mechanisms of SIMI, with a particular focus on the classical pathways, key molecules, and signaling transduction of PCD. It will explore the role of the cross-interaction between different patterns of PCD in SIMI, providing a new theoretical basis for multi-target treatments for SIMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Bu Liu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Shu-Jing Li
- Department of Pediatrics Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan Yu
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Jun-Fei Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
| | - Lei Ma
- Department of Emergency Medical, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China
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12
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Wang J, Fu J, Zhao Y, Liu Q, Yan X, Su J. Iron and Targeted Iron Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16353. [PMID: 38003544 PMCID: PMC10671546 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide. β-amyloid plaque (Aβ) deposition and hyperphosphorylated tau, as well as dysregulated energy metabolism in the brain, are key factors in the progression of AD. Many studies have observed abnormal iron accumulation in different regions of the AD brain, which is closely correlated with the clinical symptoms of AD; therefore, understanding the role of brain iron accumulation in the major pathological aspects of AD is critical for its treatment. This review discusses the main mechanisms and recent advances in the involvement of iron in the above pathological processes, including in iron-induced oxidative stress-dependent and non-dependent directions, summarizes the hypothesis that the iron-induced dysregulation of energy metabolism may be an initiating factor for AD, based on the available evidence, and further discusses the therapeutic perspectives of targeting iron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Jing Su
- Key Laboratory of Pathobiology, Department of Pathophysiology, Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, 126 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130012, China; (J.W.); (J.F.); (Y.Z.); (Q.L.); (X.Y.)
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13
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Hanke N, Rami A. Inhibition of autophagy rescues HT22 hippocampal neurons from erastin-induced ferroptosis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:1548-1552. [PMID: 36571361 PMCID: PMC10075118 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.360246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death which is considered an oxidative iron-dependent process. The lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 prevents the iron (Fe2+)-dependent formation of toxic lipid reactive oxygen species. While emerging evidence indicates that inhibition of glutathione peroxidase 4 as a hallmark of ferroptosis in many cancer cell lines, the involvement of this biochemical pathway in neuronal death remains largely unclear. Here, we investigate, first whether the ferroptosis key players are involved in the neuronal cell death induced by erastin. The second objective was to examine whether there is a cross talk between ferroptosis and autophagy. The third main was to address neuron response to erastin, with a special focus on ferritin and nuclear receptor coactivator 4-mediated ferritinophagy. To test this in neurons, erastin (0.5-8 µM) was applied to hippocampal HT22 neurons for 16 hours. In addition, cells were cultured with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenin (10 mM) and/or ferroptosis inhibitors, ferrostatin 1 (10-20 µM) or deferoxamine (10-200 µM) before exposure to erastin. In this study, we demonstrated by immunofluorescence and western blot analysis, that erastin downregulates dramatically the expression of glutathione peroxidase 4, the sodium-independent cystine-glutamate antiporter and nuclear receptor coactivator 4. The protein levels of ferritin and mitochondrial ferritin in HT22 hippocampal neurons did not remarkably change following erastin treatment. In addition, we demonstrated that not only the ferroptosis inhibitor, ferrostatin1/deferoxamine abrogated the ferroptotic cell death induced by erastin in hippocampal HT22 neurons, but also the potent autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenin. We conclude that (1) erastin-induced ferroptosis in hippocampal HT22 neurons, despite reduced nuclear receptor coactivator 4 levels, (2) that either nuclear receptor coactivator 4-mediated ferritinophagy does not occur or is of secondary importance in this model, (3) that ferroptosis seems to share some features of the autophagic cell death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hanke
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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14
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Gao G, You L, Zhang J, Chang YZ, Yu P. Brain Iron Metabolism, Redox Balance and Neurological Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1289. [PMID: 37372019 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12061289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurological diseases, such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and stroke, is increasing. An increasing number of studies have correlated these diseases with brain iron overload and the resulting oxidative damage. Brain iron deficiency has also been closely linked to neurodevelopment. These neurological disorders seriously affect the physical and mental health of patients and bring heavy economic burdens to families and society. Therefore, it is important to maintain brain iron homeostasis and to understand the mechanism of brain iron disorders affecting reactive oxygen species (ROS) balance, resulting in neural damage, cell death and, ultimately, leading to the development of disease. Evidence has shown that many therapies targeting brain iron and ROS imbalances have good preventive and therapeutic effects on neurological diseases. This review highlights the molecular mechanisms, pathogenesis and treatment strategies of brain iron metabolism disorders in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofen Gao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Linhao You
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Biology, The Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, No. 20 Nan'erhuan Eastern Road, Shijiazhuang 050024, China
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15
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She R, Liu D, Liao J, Wang G, Ge J, Mei Z. Mitochondrial dysfunctions induce PANoptosis and ferroptosis in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury: from pathology to therapeutic potential. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1191629. [PMID: 37293623 PMCID: PMC10244524 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1191629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for more than 80% of the total stroke, which represents the leading cause of mortality and disability worldwide. Cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury (CI/RI) is a cascade of pathophysiological events following the restoration of blood flow and reoxygenation, which not only directly damages brain tissue, but also enhances a series of pathological signaling cascades, contributing to inflammation, further aggravate the damage of brain tissue. Paradoxically, there are still no effective methods to prevent CI/RI, since the detailed underlying mechanisms remain vague. Mitochondrial dysfunctions, which are characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, Ca2+ overload, iron dyshomeostasis, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) defects and mitochondrial quality control (MQC) disruption, are closely relevant to the pathological process of CI/RI. There is increasing evidence that mitochondrial dysfunctions play vital roles in the regulation of programmed cell deaths (PCDs) such as ferroptosis and PANoptosis, a newly proposed conception of cell deaths characterized by a unique form of innate immune inflammatory cell death that regulated by multifaceted PANoptosome complexes. In the present review, we highlight the mechanisms underlying mitochondrial dysfunctions and how this key event contributes to inflammatory response as well as cell death modes during CI/RI. Neuroprotective agents targeting mitochondrial dysfunctions may serve as a promising treatment strategy to alleviate serious secondary brain injuries. A comprehensive insight into mitochondrial dysfunctions-mediated PCDs can help provide more effective strategies to guide therapies of CI/RI in IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruining She
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Danhong Liu
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Liao
- Medical School, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Guozuo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jinwen Ge
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhigang Mei
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Third-Grade Pharmacological Laboratory on Chinese Medicine Approved by State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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16
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Tsubaki H, Yanagisawa D, Kageyama Y, Hafiz Abu Baker Z, Mukaisho KI, Tooyama I. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Mitochondrial Ferritin in the Midbrain of Patients with Parkinson's Disease. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2023; 56:21-27. [PMID: 37124956 PMCID: PMC10139838 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.22-00109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is an endogenous iron-storage protein localized in the mitochondria. FtMt is mainly observed in restricted tissues, such as those in the testis, islets of Langerhans, and brain. Further, it may protect cells from oxidative stress in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease and progressive supranuclear palsy. However, the role of FtMt in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Therefore, the current study investigated the localization and expression level of FtMt in the midbrain of patients with PD and healthy controls using immunohistochemical techniques. FtMt immunoreactivity was mainly detected in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in both healthy controls and patients with PD. In addition, FtMt-positive particles were observed outside the dopaminergic neurons in patients with PD. Based on a quantitative comparison, patients with PD had a significantly upregulated FtMt immunoreactivity in dopaminergic neurons than healthy controls. Our result might be helpful in future studies on the role of FtMt in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Tsubaki
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Yusuke Kageyama
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | | | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
- Education Center for Medicine and Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Medical Innovation Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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17
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Jayaprakash AD, Ronk AJ, Prasad AN, Covington MF, Stein KR, Schwarz TM, Hekmaty S, Fenton KA, Geisbert TW, Basler CF, Bukreyev A, Sachidanandam R. Marburg and Ebola Virus Infections Elicit a Complex, Muted Inflammatory State in Bats. Viruses 2023; 15:350. [PMID: 36851566 PMCID: PMC9958679 DOI: 10.3390/v15020350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The Marburg and Ebola filoviruses cause a severe, often fatal, disease in humans and nonhuman primates but have only subclinical effects in bats, including Egyptian rousettes, which are a natural reservoir of Marburg virus. A fundamental question is why these viruses are highly pathogenic in humans but fail to cause disease in bats. To address this question, we infected one cohort of Egyptian rousette bats with Marburg virus and another cohort with Ebola virus and harvested multiple tissues for mRNA expression analysis. While virus transcripts were found primarily in the liver, principal component analysis (PCA) revealed coordinated changes across multiple tissues. Gene signatures in kidney and liver pointed at induction of vasodilation, reduction in coagulation, and changes in the regulation of iron metabolism. Signatures of immune response detected in spleen and liver indicated a robust anti-inflammatory state signified by macrophages in the M2 state and an active T cell response. The evolutionary divergence between bats and humans of many responsive genes might provide a framework for understanding the differing outcomes upon infection by filoviruses. In this study, we outline multiple interconnected pathways that respond to infection by MARV and EBOV, providing insights into the complexity of the mechanisms that enable bats to resist the disease caused by filoviral infections. The results have the potential to aid in the development of new strategies to effectively mitigate and treat the disease caused by these viruses in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam J. Ronk
- Department of Pathology, the University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Abhishek N. Prasad
- Department of Pathology, the University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | | | - Kathryn R. Stein
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Toni M. Schwarz
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Saboor Hekmaty
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karla A. Fenton
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Thomas W. Geisbert
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Christopher F. Basler
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Alexander Bukreyev
- Department of Pathology, the University Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Galveston National Laboratory, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
- Department Microbiology & Immunology, the University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555, USA
| | - Ravi Sachidanandam
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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18
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Wang P, Cui Y, Liu Y, Li Z, Bai H, Zhao Y, Chang YZ. Mitochondrial ferritin alleviates apoptosis by enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics and stimulating glucose metabolism in cerebral ischemia reperfusion. Redox Biol 2022; 57:102475. [PMID: 36179435 PMCID: PMC9526171 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2022.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress and deficient bioenergetics are key players in the pathological process of cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury (I/R). As a mitochondrial iron storage protein, mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) plays a pivotal role in protecting neuronal cells from oxidative damage under stress conditions. However, the effects of FtMt in mitochondrial function and activation of apoptosis under cerebral I/R are barely understood. In the present study, we found that FtMt deficiency exacerbates neuronal apoptosis via classical mitochondria-depedent pathway and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in brains exposed to I/R. Conversely, FtMt overexpression significantly inhibited oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD/R)-induced apoptosis and the activation of ER stress response. Meanwhile, FtMt overexpression rescued OGD/R-induced mitochondrial iron overload, mitochondrial dysfunction, the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased neuronal GSH content. Using the Seahorse and O2K cellular respiration analyser, we demonstrated that FtMt remarkably improved the ATP content and the spare respiratory capacity under I/R conditions. Importantly, we found that glucose consumption was augmented in FtMt overexpressing cells after OGD/R insult; overexpression of FtMt facilitated the activation of glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and the production of NADPH in cells after OGD/R, indicating that the pentose-phosphate pathway is enhanced in FtMt overexpressing cells, thus strengthening the antioxidant capacity of neuronal cells. In summary, our results reveal that FtMt protects against I/R-induced apoptosis through enhancing mitochondrial bioenergetics and regulating glucose metabolism via the pentose-phosphate pathway, thus preventing ROS overproduction, and preserving energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peina Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China; College of Basic Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yanmei Cui
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Zhongda Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Huiyuan Bai
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yashuo Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China; Scientific Research Center, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang, 050200, Hebei Province, China
| | - Yan-Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism, Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Hebei Province, College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang, 050024, Hebei Province, China.
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19
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Zhang G, Dong D, Wan X, Zhang Y. Cardiomyocyte death in sepsis: Mechanisms and regulation (Review). Mol Med Rep 2022; 26:257. [PMID: 35703348 PMCID: PMC9218731 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction is one of the most common types of organ dysfunction in sepsis; its pathogenesis is highly complex and not yet fully understood. Cardiomyocytes serve a key role in the pathophysiology of cardiac function; due to the limited ability of cardiomyocytes to regenerate, their loss contributes to decreased cardiac function. The activation of inflammatory signalling pathways affects cardiomyocyte function and modes of cardiomyocyte death in sepsis. Prevention of cardiomyocyte death is an important therapeutic strategy for sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction. Thus, understanding the signalling pathways that activate cardiomyocyte death and cross‑regulation between death modes are key to finding therapeutic targets. The present review focused on advances in understanding of sepsis‑induced cardiomyocyte death pathways, including apoptosis, necroptosis, mitochondria‑mediated necrosis, pyroptosis, ferroptosis and autophagy. The present review summarizes the effect of inflammatory activation on cardiomyocyte death mechanisms, the diversity of regulatory mechanisms and cross‑regulation between death modes and the effect on cardiac function in sepsis to provide a theoretical basis for treatment of sepsis‑induced cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geping Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Dan Dong
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Xianyao Wan
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
| | - Yongli Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116011, P.R. China
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20
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Hanke N, Rami A. Cerebral ischemia induced iron deposit, ferritin accumulation, nuclear receptor coactivator 4-depletion and ferroptosis. Curr Neurovasc Res 2022; 19:47-60. [PMID: 35319371 DOI: 10.2174/1567202619666220321120954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The neuronal death upon cerebral ischemia shares not only characteristics of necrosis, apoptosis and autophagy, but exhibits also biochemical and morphological characteristics of ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is a regulated form of cell death which is considered to be an oxidative iron-dependent process. It is now commonly accepted that iron and free radicals are considered to cause lipid peroxidation as well as the oxidation of proteins and nucleic acids, leading to increased membrane and enzymatic dysfunction, and finally contributing to cell death. Although ferroptosis was first described in cancer cells, emerging evidence now links mechanisms of ferroptosis to many different diseases, including cerebral ischemia. METHODS The objective of this study was to identify the ferroptosis key players and the underlying biochemical pathways leading to cell death upon focal cerebral ischemia in mice by using immunofluorescence, Western blotting, histochemistry and densitometry. RESULTS In this study, we demonstrated that cerebral ischemia induced iron-deposition, down-regulated dramatically the expression of the glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), decreased the expression of the nuclear receptor coactivator 4 (NCOA4) and induced inappropriate accumulation of ferritin in the ischemic brain. This supports the hypothesis that an ischemic insult may induce ferroptosis through inhibition of GPX4. CONCLUSION We conclude that iron excess following cerebral ischemia leads to cell death despite activation of compensatory mechanisms for iron homeostasis, as illustrated by the accumulation of ferritins. These data emphasize the presence of a cellular mechanism that allows neuronal cells to handle restriction in iron overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora Hanke
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - Abdelhaq Rami
- Institut für Experimentelle Neurobiologie (Anatomie II), Klinikum der Johann Wolfgang von Goethe-Universität, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt/Main, Germany
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21
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Therapeutic targeting of mitophagy in Parkinson's disease. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:783-797. [PMID: 35311891 PMCID: PMC9162468 DOI: 10.1042/bst20211107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterised by cardinal motor symptoms and a diverse range of non-motor disorders in patients. Parkinson's disease is the fastest growing neurodegenerative condition and was described for the first time over 200 years ago, yet there are still no reliable diagnostic markers and there are only treatments that temporarily alleviate symptoms in patients. Early-onset Parkinson's disease is often linked to defects in specific genes, including PINK1 and Parkin, that encode proteins involved in mitophagy, the process of selective autophagic elimination of damaged mitochondria. Impaired mitophagy has been associated with sporadic Parkinson's and agents that damage mitochondria are known to induce Parkinson's-like motor symptoms in humans and animal models. Thus, modulating mitophagy pathways may be an avenue to treat a subset of early-onset Parkinson's disease that may additionally provide therapeutic opportunities in sporadic disease. The PINK1/Parkin mitophagy pathway, as well as alternative mitophagy pathways controlled by BNIP3L/Nix and FUNDC1, are emerging targets to enhance mitophagy to treat Parkinson's disease. In this review, we report the current state of the art of mitophagy-targeted therapeutics and discuss the approaches being used to overcome existing limitations to develop innovative new therapies for Parkinson's disease. Key approaches include the use of engineered mouse models that harbour pathogenic mutations, which will aid in the preclinical development of agents that can modulate mitophagy. Furthermore, the recent development of chimeric molecules (AUTACs) that can bypass mitophagy pathways to eliminate damaged mitochondria thorough selective autophagy offer new opportunities.
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22
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Ferroptosis as a Novel Determinant of β-Cell Death in Diabetic Conditions. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:3873420. [PMID: 35320979 PMCID: PMC8938062 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3873420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The main pathological hallmark of diabetes is the loss of functional β-cells. Among several types of β-cell death in diabetes, the involvement of ferroptosis remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated the potential of diabetes-mimicking factors: high glucose (HG), proinflammatory cytokines, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), or diabetogenic agent streptozotocin (STZ) to induce ferroptosis of β-cells in vitro. Furthermore, we tested the contribution of ferroptosis to injury of pancreatic islets in an STZ-induced in vivo diabetic model. All in vitro treatments increased loss of Rin-5F cells along with the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, lipid peroxides and iron, inactivation of NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), and decrease in glutathione peroxidase 4 expression and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). Ferrostatin 1 (Fer-1), ferroptosis inhibitor, diminished the above-stated effects and rescued cells from death in case of HG, STZ, and H2O2 treatments, while failed to increase MMP and to attenuate cell death after the cytokines' treatment. Moreover, Fer-1 protected pancreatic islets from STZ-induced injury in diabetic in vivo model, since it decreased infiltration of macrophages and accumulation of lipid peroxides and increased the population of insulin-positive cells. Such results revealed differences between diabetogenic stimuli in determining the destiny of β-cells, emerging HG, H2O2, and STZ, but not cytokines, as contributing factors to ferroptosis and shed new light on an antidiabetic strategy based on Nrf2 activation. Thus, targeting ferroptosis in diabetes might be a promising new approach for preservation of the β-cell population. Our results obtained from in vivo study strongly justify this approach.
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23
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Kozłowska B, Sochanowicz B, Kraj L, Palusińska M, Kołsut P, Szymański Ł, Lewicki S, Śmigielski W, Kruszewski M, Leszek P. Expression of Iron Metabolism Proteins in Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11030837. [PMID: 35160288 PMCID: PMC8837054 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11030837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In heart failure, iron deficiency is a common comorbid disease that negatively influences exercise tolerance, number of hospitalizations and mortality rate, and this is why iron iv supplementation is recommended. Little is known about the changes in iron-related proteins in the human HF myocardium. The purpose of this study was to assess iron-related proteins in non-failing (NFH) vs. failing (FH) human myocardium. The study group consisted of 58 explanted FHs; control consisted of 31 NFHs unsuitable for transplantation. Myocardial proteins expressions: divalent metal transporter (DMT-1); L-type calcium channel (L-CH); transferrin receptors (TfR-1/TfR-2); ferritins: heavy (FT-H) or light (FT-L) chain, mitochondrial (FT-MT); ferroportin (FPN), regulatory factors and oxidative stress marker: 4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE). In FH, the expression in almost all proteins responsible for iron transport: DMT-1, TfR-1, L-CH, except TfR-2, and storage: FT-H/-L/-MT were reduced, with no changes in FPN. Moreover, 4-HNE expression (pg/mg; NFH 10.6 ± 8.4 vs. FH 55.7 ± 33.7; p < 0.0001) in FH was increased. HNE-4 significantly correlated with DMT-1 (r = −0.377, p = 0.036), L-CH (r = −0.571, p = 0.001), FT-H (r = −0.379, p = 0.036), also FPN (r = 0.422, p = 0.018). Reducing iron-gathering proteins and elevated oxidative stress in failing hearts is very unfavorable for myocardiocytes. It should be taken into consideration before treatment with drugs or supplements that elevate free oxygen radicals in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogna Kozłowska
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Barbara Sochanowicz
- Centre of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland; (B.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Leszek Kraj
- Department of Oncology, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-163 Warsaw, Poland;
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Małgorzata Palusińska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Piotr Kołsut
- Department of Cardiac Surgery and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Łukasz Szymański
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
| | - Sławomir Lewicki
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology, Polish Academy of Science, Postępu 36A, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (M.P.); (Ł.S.); (S.L.)
- Faculty of Medical Sciences and Health Sciences, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities, 26-600 Radom, Poland
| | - Witold Śmigielski
- Department of Epidemiology, Cardiovascular Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Marcin Kruszewski
- Centre of Radiobiology and Biological Dosimetry, Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, Dorodna 16, 03-195 Warszawa, Poland; (B.S.); (M.K.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Translational Research, Institute of Rural Health, Jaczewskiego 2, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Przemysław Leszek
- Department of Heart Failure and Transplantology, The Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński National Institute of Cardiology, Alpejska 42, 04-628 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-3434-483
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24
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Zhang S, Xin W, Anderson GJ, Li R, Gao L, Chen S, Zhao J, Liu S. Double-edge sword roles of iron in driving energy production versus instigating ferroptosis. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:40. [PMID: 35013137 PMCID: PMC8748693 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-04490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Iron is vital for many physiological functions, including energy production, and dysregulated iron homeostasis underlies a number of pathologies. Ferroptosis is a recently recognized form of regulated cell death that is characterized by iron dependency and lipid peroxidation, and this process has been reported to be involved in multiple diseases. The mechanisms underlying ferroptosis are complex, and involve both well-described pathways (including the iron-induced Fenton reaction, impaired antioxidant capacity, and mitochondrial dysfunction) and novel interactions linked to cellular energy production. In this review, we examine the contribution of iron to diverse metabolic activities and their relationship to ferroptosis. There is an emphasis on the role of iron in driving energy production and its link to ferroptosis under both physiological and pathological conditions. In conclusion, excess reactive oxygen species production driven by disordered iron metabolism, which induces Fenton reaction and/or impairs mitochondrial function and energy metabolism, is a key inducer of ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuping Zhang
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Wei Xin
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China
| | - Gregory J Anderson
- Iron Metabolism Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, 4006, Australia
| | - Ruibin Li
- School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China
| | - Ling Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China
| | - Shuguang Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajun Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, 250031, China.
| | - Sijin Liu
- Medical Science and Technology Innovation Center, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong, 250117, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China.
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25
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LC3/FtMt Colocalization Patterns Reveal the Progression of FtMt Accumulation in Nigral Neurons of Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23010537. [PMID: 35008961 PMCID: PMC8745681 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a mitochondrial iron storage protein associated with neurodegenerative diseases. In patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), FtMt was shown to accumulate in nigral neurons. Here, we investigated FtMt and LC3 in the post-mortem midbrain of PSP patients to reveal novel aspects of the pathology. Immunohistochemistry was used to assess the distribution and abnormal changes in FtMt and LC3 immunoreactivities. Colocalization analysis using double immunofluorescence was performed, and subcellular patterns were examined using 3D imaging and modeling. In the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc), strong FtMt-IR and LC3-IR were observed in the neurons of PSP patients. In other midbrain regions, such as the superior colliculus, the FtMt-IR and LC3-IR remained unchanged. In the SNc, nigral neurons were categorized into four patterns based on subcellular LC3/FtMt immunofluorescence intensities, degree of colocalization, and subcellular overlapping. This categorization suggested that concomitant accumulation of LC3/FtMt is related to mitophagy processes. Using the LC3-IR to stage neuronal damage, we retraced LC3/FtMt patterns and revealed the progression of FtMt accumulation in nigral neurons. Informed by these findings, we proposed a hypothesis to explain the function of FtMt during PSP progression.
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26
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Alfarouk KO, Alhoufie STS, Hifny A, Schwartz L, Alqahtani AS, Ahmed SBM, Alqahtani AM, Alqahtani SS, Muddathir AK, Ali H, Bashir AHH, Ibrahim ME, Greco MR, Cardone RA, Harguindey S, Reshkin SJ. Of mitochondrion and COVID-19. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1258-1267. [PMID: 34107824 PMCID: PMC8205080 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1937144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a pandemic disease caused by a viral infection, is associated with a high mortality rate. Most of the signs and symptoms, e.g. cytokine storm, electrolytes imbalances, thromboembolism, etc., are related to mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, targeting mitochondrion will represent a more rational treatment of COVID-19. The current work outlines how COVID-19's signs and symptoms are related to the mitochondrion. Proper understanding of the underlying causes might enhance the opportunity to treat COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Omer Alfarouk
- Research Center, Zamzam University College, Khartoum, Sudan
- Department of Evolutionary Pharmacology and Tumor Metabolism, Hala Alfarouk Cancer Center, Khartoum, Sudan
- Al-Ghad International College for Applied Medical Sciences, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sari T. S. Alhoufie
- Medical Laboratories Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ali S. Alqahtani
- College of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad S. Alqahtani
- Pharmacy Practice Research Unit, Clinical Pharmacy Department, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Heyam Ali
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Adil H. H. Bashir
- Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | - Maria Raffaella Greco
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Rosa A. Cardone
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | - Stephan Joel Reshkin
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies, and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
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27
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Tang J, Zhuo Y, Li Y. Effects of Iron and Zinc on Mitochondria: Potential Mechanisms of Glaucomatous Injury. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:720288. [PMID: 34447755 PMCID: PMC8383321 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.720288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is the most substantial cause of irreversible blinding, which is accompanied by progressive retinal ganglion cell damage. Retinal ganglion cells are energy-intensive neurons that connect the brain and retina, and depend on mitochondrial homeostasis to transduce visual information through the brain. As cofactors that regulate many metabolic signals, iron and zinc have attracted increasing attention in studies on neurons and neurodegenerative diseases. Here, we summarize the research connecting iron, zinc, neuronal mitochondria, and glaucomatous injury, with the aim of updating and expanding the current view of how retinal ganglion cells degenerate in glaucoma, which can reveal novel potential targets for neuroprotection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yehong Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Perineuronal Nets and Metal Cation Concentrations in the Microenvironments of Fast-Spiking, Parvalbumin-Expressing GABAergic Interneurons: Relevance to Neurodevelopment and Neurodevelopmental Disorders. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081235. [PMID: 34439901 PMCID: PMC8391699 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of their abilities to catalyze generation of toxic free radical species, free concentrations of the redox reactive metals iron and copper are highly regulated. Importantly, desired neurobiological effects of these redox reactive metal cations occur within very narrow ranges of their local concentrations. For example, synaptic release of free copper acts locally to modulate NMDA receptor-mediated neurotransmission. Moreover, within the developing brain, iron is critical to hippocampal maturation and the differentiation of parvalbumin-expressing neurons, whose soma and dendrites are surrounded by perineuronal nets (PNNs). The PNNs are a specialized component of brain extracellular matrix, whose polyanionic character supports the fast-spiking electrophysiological properties of these parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic interneurons. In addition to binding cations and creation of the Donnan equilibrium that support the fast-spiking properties of this subset of interneurons, the complex architecture of PNNs also binds metal cations, which may serve a protective function against oxidative damage, especially of these fast-spiking neurons. Data suggest that pathological disturbance of the population of fast-spiking, parvalbumin-expressing GABAergic inhibitory interneurons occur in at least some clinical presentations, which leads to disruption of the synchronous oscillatory output of assemblies of pyramidal neurons. Increased expression of the GluN2A NMDA receptor subunit on parvalbumin-expressing interneurons is linked to functional maturation of both these neurons and the perineuronal nets that surround them. Disruption of GluN2A expression shows increased susceptibility to oxidative stress, reflected in redox dysregulation and delayed maturation of PNNs. This may be especially relevant to neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder. Conceivably, binding of metal redox reactive cations by the perineuronal net helps to maintain safe local concentrations, and also serves as a reservoir buffering against second-to-second fluctuations in their concentrations outside of a narrow physiological range.
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29
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Mitochondrial Ferritin: Its Role in Physiological and Pathological Conditions. Cells 2021; 10:cells10081969. [PMID: 34440737 PMCID: PMC8393899 DOI: 10.3390/cells10081969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2001, a new type of human ferritin was identified by searching for homologous sequences to H-ferritin in the human genome. After the demonstration that this ferritin is located specifically in the mitochondrion, it was called mitochondrial ferritin. Studies on the properties of this new type of ferritin have been limited by its very high homology with the cytosolic H-ferritin, which is expressed at higher levels in cells. This great similarity made it difficult to obtain specific antibodies against the mitochondrial ferritin devoid of cross-reactivity with cytosolic ferritin. Thus, the knowledge of the physiological role of mitochondrial ferritin is still incomplete despite 20 years of research. In this review, we summarize the literature on mitochondrial ferritin expression regulation and its physical and biochemical properties, with particular attention paid to the differences with cytosolic ferritin and its role in physiological condition. Until now, there has been no evidence that the alteration of the mitochondrial ferritin gene is causative of any disorder; however, the identified association of the mitochondrial ferritin with some disorders is discussed.
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30
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Wang X, An P, Gu Z, Luo Y, Luo J. Mitochondrial Metal Ion Transport in Cell Metabolism and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147525. [PMID: 34299144 PMCID: PMC8305404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are vital to life and provide biological energy for other organelles and cell physiological processes. On the mitochondrial double layer membrane, there are a variety of channels and transporters to transport different metal ions, such as Ca2+, K+, Na+, Mg2+, Zn2+ and Fe2+/Fe3+. Emerging evidence in recent years has shown that the metal ion transport is essential for mitochondrial function and cellular metabolism, including oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), ATP production, mitochondrial integrity, mitochondrial volume, enzyme activity, signal transduction, proliferation and apoptosis. The homeostasis of mitochondrial metal ions plays an important role in maintaining mitochondria and cell functions and regulating multiple diseases. In particular, channels and transporters for transporting mitochondrial metal ions are very critical, which can be used as potential targets to treat neurodegeneration, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes and other metabolic diseases. This review summarizes the current research on several types of mitochondrial metal ion channels/transporters and their functions in cell metabolism and diseases, providing strong evidence and therapeutic strategies for further insights into related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Peng An
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
| | - Zhenglong Gu
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;
| | - Yongting Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
| | - Junjie Luo
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (X.W.); (P.A.)
- Correspondence: (Y.L.); (J.L.)
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31
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Choi DH, Kwon KC, Hwang DJ, Koo JH, Um HS, Song HS, Kim JS, Jang Y, Cho JY. Treadmill Exercise Alleviates Brain Iron Dyshomeostasis Accelerating Neuronal Amyloid-β Production, Neuronal Cell Death, and Cognitive Impairment in Transgenic Mice Model of Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:3208-3223. [PMID: 33641078 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02335-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Brain iron increases with age and abnormal brain iron metabolism is proving increasingly likely to be involved in the pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The iron-regulatory effect of furin, a ubiquitously expressed proconvertase, might play an important role in AD. Therefore, there is an urgent need to study the effect of furin on iron regulation in AD. For that purpose, we aimed to determine the role of physical exercise in AD associated with brain iron dyshomeostasis. Treadmill exercise attenuated the AD-related abnormal brain iron regulation by furin in vivo, as demonstrated via experiments in aged APP-C105 mice. Next, we examined whether treadmill exercise decreases excessive iron, directly affecting amyloid-β (Aβ) production through the regulation of α-secretase-dependent processing of amyloid protein precursor (APP) involved in the modulation of furin activity. We first observed that cognitive decline and Aβ-induced neuronal cell death were induced by disruption of APP processing via excess iron-induced disruption of furin activity in aged APP-C105 mice. The induced cognitive decline and cell death were attenuated by treadmill exercise. This result suggests that treadmill exercise alleviated cognitive decline and Aβ-induced neuronal cell death by promoting α-secretase-dependent processing of APP through low iron-induced enhancement of furin activity. This is concomitant with decreasing levels of lipid peroxidation products and promoting antioxidant defense enzyme capacities. Therefore, iron-targeted therapeutic strategies involving treadmill exercise might be useful for patients with AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hun Choi
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Chun Kwon
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Joo Hwang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Koo
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Seob Um
- Department of Sport Medicine, Kon-Yang University, 119 Daehangro, Nonsan, Chungnam, 320-711, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong-Sun Song
- Korea Institute of Sport Science, 727 Hwarang-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul, 01794, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Sun Kim
- Department of physical Education, Jung-Won University, 85 Munmu-ro Goesan-eup Goesan-gun, Chungbuk, 28024, Republic of Korea
| | - Yongchul Jang
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Joon-Yong Cho
- Exercise Biochemistry Laboratory, Korea National Sport University, 1239 Yangjaedae-ro, Songpa-gu, 05541, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Abu Bakar ZH, Kato T, Yanagisawa D, Bellier JP, Mukaisho KI, Tooyama I. Immunohistochemical Study of Mitochondrial Ferritin in the Midbrain of Patients with Progressive Supranuclear Palsy. Acta Histochem Cytochem 2021; 54:97-104. [PMID: 34276103 PMCID: PMC8275861 DOI: 10.1267/ahc.21-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is a novel ferritin that is localized in the mitochondria. FtMt expression is low in the liver and spleen, and high in the heart, testis, and brain. We previously detected FtMt in dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in human and monkey midbrains. We investigated the localization and expression of FtMt in the midbrain of patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and controls using a monoclonal antibody (C65-2) against human FtMt. FtMt immunoreactivity was weakly detected in neuromelanin-containing neurons in the SNc and ventral tegmental area (VTA) of control cases compared with PSP, which exhibited a remarkable increase in FtMt immunoreactivity. Preincubation of C65-2 with the immunizing FtMt peptide significantly reduced the staining, indicating the specificity of C65-2. Several puncta were observed outside the neurons of PSP, in contrast with the control cases. Double immunofluorescence histochemistry for FtMt and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), glial fibrillary acidic protein, and Iba1 showed localization of FtMt in dopaminergic neurons, microglia, and astrocytes in PSP. Furthermore, FtMt immunoreactivity was detected in a few TH-negative neurons. In the SNc and VTA, FtMt immunoreactivity colocalized with phosphorylated tau immunoreactivity. Our results indicate that FtMt is involved in the pathology of PSP. Clarifying the involvement of FtMt in PSP is of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tomoko Kato
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Daijiro Yanagisawa
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | | | - Ken-ichi Mukaisho
- Department of Pathology, Shiga University of Medical Science
- Medical and Nursing Education Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science
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Ferroptosis in Different Pathological Contexts Seen through the Eyes of Mitochondria. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:5537330. [PMID: 34211625 PMCID: PMC8205588 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5537330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a recently described form of regulated cell death characterized by intracellular iron accumulation and severe lipid peroxidation due to an impaired cysteine-glutathione-glutathione peroxidase 4 antioxidant defence axis. One of the hallmarks of ferroptosis is a specific morphological phenotype characterized by extensive ultrastructural changes of mitochondria. Increasing evidence suggests that mitochondria play a significant role in the induction and execution of ferroptosis. The present review summarizes existing knowledge about the mitochondrial impact on ferroptosis in different pathological states, primarily cancer, cardiovascular diseases, and neurodegenerative diseases. Additionally, we highlight pathologies in which the ferroptosis/mitochondria relation remains to be investigated, where the process of ferroptosis has been confirmed (such as liver- and kidney-related pathologies) and those in which ferroptosis has not been studied yet, such as diabetes. We will bring attention to avenues that could be followed in future research, based on the use of mitochondria-targeted approaches as anti- and proferroptotic strategies and directed to the improvement of existing and the development of novel therapeutic strategies.
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Chan JZ, Duncan RE. Regulatory Effects of Cannabidiol on Mitochondrial Functions: A Review. Cells 2021; 10:1251. [PMID: 34069407 PMCID: PMC8159073 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is part of a group of phytocannabinoids derived from Cannabissativa. Initial work on CBD presumed the compound was inactive, but it was later found to exhibit antipsychotic, anti-depressive, anxiolytic, and antiepileptic effects. In recent decades, evidence has indicated a role for CBD in the modulation of mitochondrial processes, including respiration and bioenergetics, mitochondrial DNA epigenetics, intrinsic apoptosis, the regulation of mitochondrial and intracellular calcium concentrations, mitochondrial fission, fusion and biogenesis, and mitochondrial ferritin concentration and mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity regulation. Despite these advances, current data demonstrate contradictory findings with regard to not only the magnitude of effects mediated by CBD, but also to the direction of effects. For example, there are data indicating that CBD treatment can increase, decrease, or have no significant effect on intrinsic apoptosis. Differences between studies in cell type, cell-specific response to CBD, and, in some cases, dose of CBD may help to explain differences in outcomes. Most studies on CBD and mitochondria have utilized treatment concentrations that exceed the highest recorded plasma concentrations in humans, suggesting that future studies should focus on CBD treatments within a range observed in pharmacokinetic studies. This review focuses on understanding the mechanisms of CBD-mediated regulation of mitochondrial functions, with an emphasis on findings in neural cells and tissues and therapeutic relevance based on human pharmacokinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robin Elaine Duncan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave W, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada;
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A Variation in FGF14 Is Associated with Downbeat Nystagmus in a Genome-Wide Association Study. THE CEREBELLUM 2021; 19:348-357. [PMID: 32157568 PMCID: PMC7198638 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-020-01113-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Downbeat nystagmus (DBN) is a frequent form of acquired persisting central fixation nystagmus, often associated with other cerebellar ocular signs, such as saccadic smooth pursuit or gaze-holding deficits. Despite its distinct clinical features, the underlying etiology of DBN often remains unclear. Therefore, a genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted in 106 patients and 2609 healthy controls of European ancestry to identify genetic variants associated with DBN. A genome-wide significant association (p < 5 × 10-8) with DBN was found for a variation on chromosome 13 located within the fibroblast growth factor 14 gene (FGF14). FGF14 is expressed in Purkinje cells (PCs) and a reduction leads to a decreased spontaneous firing rate and excitability of PCs, compatible with the pathophysiology of DBN. In addition, mutations in the FGF14 gene cause spinocerebellar ataxia type 27. Suggestive associations (p < 1 × 10-05) could be detected for 15 additional LD-independent loci, one of which is also located in the FGF14 gene. An association of a region containing the dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) and MutS Homolog 3 (MSH3) genes on chromosome 5 was slightly below the genome-wide significance threshold. DHFR is relevant for neuronal regulation, and a dysfunction is known to induce cerebellar damage. Among the remaining twelve suggestive associations, four genes (MAST4, TPPP, FTMT, and IDS) seem to be involved in cerebral pathological processes. Thus, this GWAS analysis has identified a potential genetic contribution to idiopathic DBN, including suggestive associations to several genes involved in postulated pathological mechanisms of DBN (i.e., impaired function of cerebellar PCs).
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Zhang X, Su Q, Zhou J, Yang Z, Liu Z, Ji L, Gao H, Jiang G. To betray or to fight? The dual identity of the mitochondria in cancer. Future Oncol 2021; 17:723-743. [DOI: 10.2217/fon-2020-0362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that provide energy for oxidative phosphorylation in cells. Equally, they are the major sites for the metabolism of amino acids, lipids and iron. When cells become cancerous, the morphology, cellular location and metabolic mode of the mitochondria change accordingly. These mitochondrial changes can have two opposing effects on cancer: procancer and anticancer effects. Specifically, mitochondria play roles in the fight against cancer by participating in processes such as ferroptosis, mitophagy and antitumor immunity. Contrastingly, cancer cells can also enslave mitochondria to give them the conditions necessary for growth and metastasis. Moreover, through mitochondria, cancer cells can escape from immune surveillance, resulting in their immune escape and enhanced malignant transformation ability. At present, cancer-related studies of mitochondria are one-sided; therefore, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding by systematically reviewing the two-sided cancer-related properties of mitochondria. Mitochondrial-targeted drugs are gradually emerging and showing significant advantages in cancer treatment; thus, our in-depth exploration of mitochondria in cancer will help to provide theoretical support for the future provision of efficient and low-toxicity cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Quanzhong Su
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhihong Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Zhantao Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Lixia Ji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Hui Gao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
| | - Guohui Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266021, PR China
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Zhang N, Yu X, Xie J, Xu H. New Insights into the Role of Ferritin in Iron Homeostasis and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2812-2823. [PMID: 33507490 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Growing evidence has indicated that iron deposition is one of the key factors leading to neuronal death in the neurodegenerative diseases. Ferritin is a hollow iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of two types, ferritin heavy chain (FTH) and ferritin light chain (FTL), which plays an important role in maintaining iron homeostasis. Recently, the discovery of extracellular ferritin and ferritin in exosomes indicates that ferritin might be not only an iron storage protein within the cell, but might also be an important factor in the regulation of tissue and body iron homeostasis. In this review, we first described the structural characteristics, regulation and the physiological functions of ferritin. Secondly, we reviewed the current evidence concerning the mechanisms underlying the secretion of ferritin and the possible role of secreted ferritin in the brain. Then, we summarized the relationship between ferritin and the neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson's disease (PD), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and neuroferritinopathy (NF). Given the importance and relationship between iron and neurodegenerative diseases, understanding the role of ferritin in the brain can be expected to contribute to our knowledge of iron dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Xiaoqi Yu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Junxia Xie
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| | - Huamin Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China. .,Institute of Brain Science and Disease, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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38
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Wu Q, Hao Q, Li H, Wang B, Wang P, Jin X, Yu P, Gao G, Chang Y. Brain iron deficiency and affected contextual fear memory in mice with conditional Ferroportin1 ablation in the brain. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21174. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000167rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
- College of Basic Medicine Hebei University of Chinese Medicine Shijiazhuang China
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Research on Cardio‐Cerebrovascular Disease Shijiazhuang China
| | - Qian Hao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Haiyan Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Bo Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Peina Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Xiaofang Jin
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Peng Yu
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Guofen Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
| | - Yan‐Zhong Chang
- Laboratory of Molecular Iron Metabolism College of Life Science Hebei Normal University Shijiazhuang China
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Turchi R, Faraonio R, Lettieri-Barbato D, Aquilano K. An Overview of the Ferroptosis Hallmarks in Friedreich's Ataxia. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1489. [PMID: 33126466 PMCID: PMC7693407 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by early mortality due to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. FRDA is caused by reduced levels of frataxin (FXN), a mitochondrial protein involved in the synthesis of iron-sulphur clusters, leading to iron accumulation at the mitochondrial level, uncontrolled production of reactive oxygen species and lipid peroxidation. These features are also common to ferroptosis, an iron-mediated type of cell death triggered by accumulation of lipoperoxides with distinct morphological and molecular characteristics with respect to other known cell deaths. SCOPE OF REVIEW Even though ferroptosis has been associated with various neurodegenerative diseases including FRDA, the mechanisms leading to disease onset/progression have not been demonstrated yet. We describe the molecular alterations occurring in FRDA that overlap with those characterizing ferroptosis. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS The study of ferroptotic pathways is necessary for the understanding of FRDA pathogenesis, and anti-ferroptotic drugs could be envisaged as therapeutic strategies to cure FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Turchi
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
| | - Raffaella Faraonio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Daniele Lettieri-Barbato
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Katia Aquilano
- Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy;
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Biochemistry of mammalian ferritins in the regulation of cellular iron homeostasis and oxidative responses. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2020; 64:352-362. [PMID: 32974854 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1795-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, an iron-storage protein, regulates cellular iron metabolism and oxidative stress. The ferritin structure is characterized as a spherical cage, inside which large amounts of iron are deposited in a safe, compact and bioavailable form. All ferritins readily catalyze Fe(II) oxidation by peroxides at the ferroxidase center to prevent free Fe(II) from participating in oxygen free radical formation via Fenton chemistry. Thus, ferritin is generally recognized as a cytoprotective stratagem against intracellular oxidative damage The expression of cytosolic ferritins is usually regulated by iron status and oxidative stress at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. The mechanism of ferritin-mediated iron recycling is far from clarified, though nuclear receptor co-activator 4 (NCOA4) was recently identified as a cargo receptor for ferritin-based lysosomal degradation. Cytosolic ferritins are heteropolymers assembled by H- and L-chains in different proportions. The mitochondrial ferritins are homopolymers and distributed in restricted tissues. They play protective roles in mitochondria where heme- and Fe/S-enzymes are synthesized and high levels of ROS are produced. Genetic ferritin disorders are mainly related to the L-chain mutations, which generally cause severe movement diseases. This review is focused on the biochemistry and function of mammalian intracellular ferritin as the major iron-storage and anti-oxidation protein.
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Zhou J, Jin Y, Lei Y, Liu T, Wan Z, Meng H, Wang H. Ferroptosis Is Regulated by Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Diseases. NEURODEGENER DIS 2020; 20:20-34. [PMID: 32814328 DOI: 10.1159/000510083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by a gradual decline in motor and/or cognitive function caused by the selective degeneration and loss of neurons in the central nervous system, but their pathological mechanism is still unclear. Previous research has revealed that many forms of cell death, such as apoptosis and necrosis, occur in neurodegenerative diseases. Research in recent years has noticed that there is a new type of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: ferroptosis. An increasing body of literature provides evidence for an involvement of ferroptosis in neurodegenerative diseases. SUMMARY In this article, we review a new form of cell death in neurodegenerative diseases: ferroptosis. Ferroptosis is defined as an iron-dependent form of regulated cell death, which occurs through the lethal accumulation of lipid-based reactive oxygen species when glutathione-dependent lipid peroxide repair systems are compromised. Several salient and established features of neurodegenerative diseases (including lipid peroxidation and iron dyshomeostasis) are consistent with ferroptosis, which means that ferroptosis may be involved in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, as the center of energy metabolism in cells, mitochondria are also closely related to the regulation of iron homeostasis in the nervous system. At the same time, neurodegenerative diseases are often accompanied by degeneration of mitochondrial activity. Mitochondrial damage has been found to be involved in lipid peroxidation and iron dyshomeostasis in neurodegenerative diseases. Key Messages: Based on the summary of the related mechanisms of ferroptosis, we conclude that mitochondrial damage may affect neurodegenerative diseases by regulating many aspects of ferroptosis, including cell metabolism, iron dyshomeostasis, and lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juepu Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yao Jin
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhong Lei
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyi Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Wan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hao Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China,
| | - Honglei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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H-Ferritin is essential for macrophages' capacity to store or detoxify exogenously added iron. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3061. [PMID: 32080266 PMCID: PMC7033252 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Macrophages are central cells both in the immune response and in iron homeostasis. Iron is both essential and potentially toxic. Therefore, iron acquisition, transport, storage, and release are tightly regulated, by several important proteins. Cytosolic ferritin is an iron storage protein composed of 24 subunits of either the L- or the H-type chains. H-ferritin differs from L-ferritin in the capacity to oxidize Fe2+ to Fe3+. In this work, we investigated the role played by H-ferritin in the macrophages’ ability to respond to immune stimuli and to deal with exogenously added iron. We used mice with a conditional deletion of the H-ferritin gene in the myeloid lineage to obtain bone marrow-derived macrophages. These macrophages had normal viability and gene expression under basal culture conditions. However, when treated with interferon-gamma and lipopolysaccharide they had a lower activation of Nitric Oxide Synthase 2. Furthermore, H-ferritin-deficient macrophages had a higher sensitivity to iron-induced toxicity. This sensitivity was associated with a lower intracellular iron accumulation but a higher production of reactive oxygen species. These data indicate that H-ferritin modulates macrophage response to immune stimuli and that it plays an essential role in protection against iron-induced oxidative stress and cell death.
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43
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Mitochondria regulation in ferroptosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2019; 99:151058. [PMID: 31810634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2019.151058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 303] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is recognized as a new form of regulated cell death which is initiated by severe lipid peroxidation relying on reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and iron overload. This iron-dependent cell death manifests evident morphological, biochemical and genetic differences from other forms of regulated cell death, such as apoptosis, autophagy, necrosis and pyroptosis. Ferroptosis was primarily characterized by condensed mitochondrial membrane densities and smaller volume than normal mitochondria, as well as the diminished or vanished of mitochondria crista and outer membrane ruptured. Mitochondria take the center role in iron metabolism, as well as substance and energy metabolism as it's the major organelle in iron utilization, catabolic and anabolic pathways. Interference of key regulators of mitochondrial lipid metabolism (e.g., ASCF2 and CS), iron homeostasis (e.g., ferritin, mitoferrin1/2 and NEET proteins), glutamine metabolism and other signaling pathways make a difference to ferroptotic sensitivity. Targeted induction of ferroptosis was also considered as a potential therapeutic strategy to some oxidative stress diseases, including neurodegenerative disorders, ischemia-reperfusion injury, traumatic spinal cord injury. However, the pertinence between mitochondria and ferroptosis is still in dispute. Here we systematic elucidate the morphological characteristics and metabolic regulation of mitochondria in the regulation of ferroptosis.
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Wang X, Zhang J, Zhou L, Xu B, Ren X, He K, Nie L, Li X, Liu J, Yang X, Yuan J. Long-term iron exposure causes widespread molecular alterations associated with memory impairment in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 130:242-252. [PMID: 31136779 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.05.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Limited literature available indicates the neurotoxic effects of excessive iron, however, a deep understanding of iron neurotoxicity needs to be developed. In this study, we evaluated the toxic effects of excessive iron on learning and cognitive function in long-term iron exposure (oral, 10 mg/L, 6 months) of mice by behavioral tests including novel object recognition test, step-down passive avoidance test and Morris water maze test, and further analyzed differential expression of hippocampal proteins. The behavioral tests consistently showed that iron treatment caused cognitive defects of the mice. Proteomic analysis revealed 66 differentially expressed hippocampal proteins (30 increased and 36 decreased) in iron-treated mice as compared with the control ones. Bioinformatics analysis showed that the dysregulated proteins mainly included: synapse-associated proteins (i.e. synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP25), complexin-1 (CPLX1), vesicle-associated membrane protein 2 (VAMP2), neurochondrin (NCDN)); mitochondria-related proteins (i.e. ADP/ATP translocase 1 (SLC25A4), 14-3-3 protein zeta/delta (YWHAZ)); cytoskeleton proteins (i.e. neurofilament light polypeptide (NEFL), tubulin beta-2B chain (TUBB2B), tubulin alpha-4A chain (TUBA4A)). The findings suggest that the dysregulations of synaptic, mitochondrial, and cytoskeletal proteins may be involved in iron-triggered memory impairment. This study provides new insights into the molecular mechanisms of iron neurotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jiafei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China; Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Li Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Benhong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Ren
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Kaiwu He
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Lulin Nie
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Xiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Xifei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology of Shenzhen, Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Jing Yuan
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health and Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education & Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubating), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Hangkong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, PR China.
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Mendsaikhan A, Takeuchi S, Walker DG, Tooyama I. Differences in Gene Expression Profiles and Phenotypes of Differentiated SH-SY5Y Neurons Stably Overexpressing Mitochondrial Ferritin. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:470. [PMID: 30670947 PMCID: PMC6331485 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial ferritin (FtMt) is an iron-transport protein with ferroxidase properties localized to mitochondria. Levels are generally low in all tissues, while increasing the expression of FtMt in neuronal-like cells has been shown to be protective. To determine whether FtMt has potential as a therapeutic approach, there remains the question of how much FtMt is protective. To address this issue, we transfected SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells with a FtMt expression plasmid and isolated cell lines with stable expression of FtMt at high, medium and low levels. Using these cell lines, we examined effects of FtMt on neuronal phenotype, neuroprotective activity and gene expression profiles. The phenotypic properties of high, medium and low FtMt expressors were compared with native untransfected SH-SY5Y cells after differentiation with retinoic acid to a neuronal phenotype. Overexpression of FtMt, even in low expressing cells, showed significant protection from oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide or cobalt chloride. Higher levels of FtMt expression did not appear to offer greater protection, and did not have toxic consequences to cells, even though there were significantly more aggregated mitochondria in the highest expressing clone. The phenotypes differed between cell clones when assessed by cell growth, neurite outgrowth, and expression of neuronal proteins including those associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Microarray analysis of high, medium and negative FtMt-expressing cells identified different patterns of expression of certain genes associated with oxidative stress and neuronal development, amongst others. Validation of microarray analyses was carried out by real time polymerase chain reaction. The results showed significant differences in expression of thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) and microsomal glutathione transfer-1 (MGST-1), which can have critical roles in the regulation of oxidative stress. Differences in expression of calcitonin-related polypeptide alpha (CALCA), growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) and secretogranin II (SCG2) were also observed. Our findings indicate that even low levels of increased FtMt expression can be protective possibly by alterations of some oxidative stress-related and growth factor genes, while high levels of expression did not appear to offer greater protection from oxidative stress or induce significant toxicity in cells. These experiments provide supporting data that increasing FtMt might be a feasible strategy for therapeutics in certain neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anarmaa Mendsaikhan
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Shigeko Takeuchi
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Douglas G Walker
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Ikuo Tooyama
- Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
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Pandur E, Varga E, Tamási K, Pap R, Nagy J, Sipos K. Effect of Inflammatory Mediators Lipopolysaccharide and Lipoteichoic Acid on Iron Metabolism of Differentiated SH-SY5Y Cells Alters in the Presence of BV-2 Microglia. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 20:ijms20010017. [PMID: 30577543 PMCID: PMC6337407 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20010017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA), the Gram-negative and the Gram-positive bacterial cell wall components are important mediators of neuroinflammation in sepsis. LPS and LTA are potent activators of microglial cells which induce the production of various pro-inflammatory cytokines. It has been demonstrated that disturbance of iron homeostasis of the brain is one of the underlying causes of neuronal cell death but the mechanisms contributing to this process are still questionable. In the present study, we established monocultures of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and co-cultures of differentiated SH-SY5Y cells and BV-2 microglia as neuronal model systems to selectively examine the effect of inflammatory mediators LPS and LTA on iron homeostasis of SH-SY5Y cells both in mono- and co-cultures. We monitored the IL-6 and TNFα secretions of the treated cells and determined the mRNA and protein levels of iron importers (transferrin receptor-1 and divalent metal transporter-1), and iron storing genes (ferritin heavy chain and mitochondrial ferritin). Moreover, we examined the relation between hepcidin secretion and intracellular iron content. Our data revealed that LPS and LTA triggered distinct responses in SH-SY5Y cells by differently changing the expressions of iron uptake, as well as cytosolic and mitochondrial iron storage proteins. Moreover, they increased the total iron contents of the cells but at different rates. The presence of BV-2 microglial cells influenced the reactions of SH-SY5Y cells on both LPS and LTA treatments: iron uptake and iron storage, as well as the neuronal cytokine production have been modulated. Our results demonstrate that BV-2 cells alter the iron metabolism of SH-SY5Y cells, they contribute to the iron accumulation of SH-SY5Y cells by manipulating the effects of LTA and LPS proving that microglia are important regulators of neuronal iron metabolism at neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edina Pandur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Edit Varga
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Kitti Tamási
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Ramóna Pap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Judit Nagy
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Therapy, Medical School, University of Pécs, Ifjúság út 13., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
| | - Katalin Sipos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Pécs, Rókus u. 2., H-7624 Pécs, Hungary.
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Gong S, Chen Y, Meng F, Zhang Y, Li C, Zhang G, Huan W, Wu F. Roflumilast enhances cisplatin-sensitivity and reverses cisplatin-resistance of ovarian cancer cells via cAMP/PKA/CREB-FtMt signalling axis. Cell Prolif 2018; 51:e12474. [PMID: 30069985 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We previously demonstrated the roflumilast inhibited cell proliferation and increased cell apoptosis in ovarian cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the roles of roflumilast in development of cisplatin (DDP)-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer. METHODS OVCAR3 and SKOV3 were selected and the corresponding DDP-resistant cells were constructed. Cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis, cycle were performed. Expression cAMP, PKA, CREB, phosphorylation of CREB and FtMt were detected. The roles of roflumilast in development of DDP-sensitive and -resistant ovarian cancer were confirmed by xenograft model. RESULTS Roflumilast + DDP inhibited cell proliferation, and induced cell apoptosis and G0/G1 arrest in OVCAR3 and SKOV3 cells, roflumilast induced expression of FtMt, the activity of cAMP and PKA and phosphorylation of CREB in ovarian cancer cells and the above-effect were inhibited by H89. Downregulation of CREB inhibited the roflumilast-increased DDP sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells, and the roflumilast-induced FtMt expression and phosphorylation of CREB. Also, roflumilast reversed cisplatin-resistance, and induced expression of FtMt and activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB in DDP-resistant ovarian cancer cells. Similarly, treated with H89 or downregulation of CREB inhibited the changes induced by roflumilast. In vivo, roflumilast inhibited the development of SKOV3 or SKOV3-DDP-R xenograft models. CONCLUSIONS Roflumilast enhanced DDP sensitivity and reversed the DDP resistance of ovarian cancer cells via activation of cAMP/PKA/CREB pathway and upregulation of the downstream FtMt expression, which has great promise in clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shipeng Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yongning Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Fanliang Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yadi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chanyuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, People's Hospital of Huadu District, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Huan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Garza-Lombó C, Posadas Y, Quintanar L, Gonsebatt ME, Franco R. Neurotoxicity Linked to Dysfunctional Metal Ion Homeostasis and Xenobiotic Metal Exposure: Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 28:1669-1703. [PMID: 29402131 PMCID: PMC5962337 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Essential metals such as copper, iron, manganese, and zinc play a role as cofactors in the activity of a wide range of processes involved in cellular homeostasis and survival, as well as during organ and tissue development. Throughout our life span, humans are also exposed to xenobiotic metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, including aluminum, arsenic, cadmium, lead, and mercury. It is well recognized that alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and an increased environmental/occupational exposure to xenobiotic metals are linked to several neurological disorders, including neurodegeneration and neurodevelopmental alterations. Recent Advances: The redox activity of essential metals is key for neuronal homeostasis and brain function. Alterations in redox homeostasis and signaling are central to the pathological consequences of dysfunctional metal ion homeostasis and increased exposure to xenobiotic metals. Both redox-active and redox-inactive metals trigger oxidative stress and damage in the central nervous system, and the exact mechanisms involved are starting to become delineated. CRITICAL ISSUES In this review, we aim to appraise the role of essential metals in determining the redox balance in the brain and the mechanisms by which alterations in the homeostasis of essential metals and exposure to xenobiotic metals disturb the cellular redox balance and signaling. We focus on recent literature regarding their transport, metabolism, and mechanisms of toxicity in neural systems. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Delineating the specific mechanisms by which metals alter redox homeostasis is key to understand the pathological processes that convey chronic neuronal dysfunction in neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental disorders. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 28, 1669-1703.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Garza-Lombó
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska.,2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Yanahi Posadas
- 3 Departamentos de Farmacología y de, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México .,4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - Liliana Quintanar
- 4 Departamentos de Química, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados (CINVESTAV) , Mexico City, México
| | - María E Gonsebatt
- 2 Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas , Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, México
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- 1 Redox Biology Center and School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln , Lincoln, Nebraska
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Zsurka G, Peeva V, Kotlyar A, Kunz WS. Is There Still Any Role for Oxidative Stress in Mitochondrial DNA-Dependent Aging? Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040175. [PMID: 29561808 PMCID: PMC5924517 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent deep sequencing data has provided compelling evidence that the spectrum of somatic point mutations in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in aging tissues lacks G > T transversion mutations. This fact cannot, however, be used as an argument for the missing contribution of reactive oxygen species (ROS) to mitochondria-related aging because it is probably caused by the nucleotide selectivity of mitochondrial DNA polymerase γ (POLG). In contrast to point mutations, the age-dependent accumulation of mitochondrial DNA deletions is, in light of recent experimental data, still explainable by the segregation of mutant molecules generated by the direct mutagenic effects of ROS (in particular, of HO· radicals formed from H2O2 by a Fenton reaction). The source of ROS remains controversial, because the mitochondrial contribution to tissue ROS production is probably lower than previously thought. Importantly, in the discussion about the potential role of oxidative stress in mitochondria-dependent aging, ROS generated by inflammation-linked processes and the distribution of free iron also require careful consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gábor Zsurka
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Neurocognition, University Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Viktoriya Peeva
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Neurocognition, University Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Alexander Kotlyar
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
| | - Wolfram S Kunz
- Institute of Experimental Epileptology and Neurocognition, University Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
- Department of Epileptology, University Bonn Medical Center, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Vela D. Balance of cardiac and systemic hepcidin and its role in heart physiology and pathology. J Transl Med 2018; 98:315-326. [PMID: 29058707 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepcidin is the main regulator of iron metabolism in tissues. Its serum levels are mostly correlated with the levels of hepcidin expression from the liver, but local hepcidin can be important for the physiology of other organs as well. There is an increasing evidence that this is the case with cardiac hepcidin. This has been confirmed by studies with models of ischemic heart disease and other heart pathologies. In this review the discussion dissects the role of cardiac hepcidin in cellular homeostasis. This review is complemented with examination of the role of systemic hepcidin in heart disease and its use as a biochemical marker. The relationship between systemic vs local hepcidin in the heart is important because it can help us understand how the fine balance between the actions of two hepcidins affects heart function. Manipulating the axis systemic/cardiac hepcidin could serve as a new therapeutic strategy in heart diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Driton Vela
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Prishtina, Prishtina, Kosova
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