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Veschini L, Sailem H, Malani D, Pietiäinen V, Stojiljkovic A, Wiseman E, Danovi D. High-Content Imaging to Phenotype Human Primary and iPSC-Derived Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2185:423-445. [PMID: 33165865 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0810-4_27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increasingly powerful microscopy, liquid handling, and computational techniques have enabled cell imaging in high throughput. Microscopy images are quantified using high-content analysis platforms linking object features to cell behavior. This can be attempted on physiologically relevant cell models, including stem cells and primary cells, in complex environments, and conceivably in the presence of perturbations. Recently, substantial focus has been devoted to cell profiling for cell therapy, assays for drug discovery or biomarker identification for clinical decision-making protocols, bringing this wealth of information into translational applications. In this chapter, we focus on two protocols enabling to (1) benchmark human cells, in particular human endothelial cells as a case study and (2) extract cells from blood for follow-up experiments including image-based drug testing. We also present concepts of high-content imaging and discuss the benefits and challenges, with the aim of enabling readers to tailor existing pipelines and bring such approaches closer to translational research and the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo Veschini
- Academic Centre of Reconstructive Science, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Heba Sailem
- The Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Oxford, UK
| | - Disha Malani
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Vilja Pietiäinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland-FIMM, Helsinki Institute of Life Science-HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ana Stojiljkovic
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Erika Wiseman
- Stem Cell Hotel, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- Stem Cell Hotel, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, London, UK.
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2
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Lim JJ, Kim HJ, Rhie BH, Lee MR, Choi MJ, Hong SH, Kim KS. Maintenance of hPSCs under Xeno-Free and Chemically Defined Culture Conditions. Int J Stem Cells 2019; 12:484-496. [PMID: 31658510 PMCID: PMC6881038 DOI: 10.15283/ijsc19090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, the majority of human embryonic stem cells and human induced pluripotent stem cells have been derived on feeder layers and chemically undefined medium. Those media components related to feeder cells, or animal products, often greatly affect the consistency of the cell culture. There are clear advantages of a defined, xeno-free, and feeder-free culture system for human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) cultures, since consistency in the formulations prevents lot-to-lot variability. Eliminating all non-human components reduces health risks for downstream applications, and those environments reduce potential immunological reactions from stem cells. Therefore, development of feeder-free hPSCs culture systems has been an important focus of hPSCs research. Recently, researchers have established a variety of culture systems in a defined combination, xeno-free matrix and medium that supports the growth and differentiation of hPSCs. Here we described detailed hPSCs culture methods under feeder-free and chemically defined conditions using vitronetin and TeSR-E8 medium including supplement bioactive lysophospholipid for promoting hPSCs proliferation and maintaining stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Jin Lim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Joon Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Byung-Ho Rhie
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Man Ryul Lee
- Soonchunhyang Institute of Medi-bioscience, Soonchunhyang University, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Myeong Jun Choi
- 1st Research Center, Axceso Biopharma Co., Ltd., Yongin, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
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3
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Nie Y, Wang W, Xu X, Zou J, Bhuvanesh T, Schulz B, Ma N, Lendlein A. Enhancement of human induced pluripotent stem cells adhesion through multilayer laminin coating. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2019; 70:531-542. [PMID: 30347612 DOI: 10.3233/ch-189318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Bioengineered cell substrates are a highly promising tool to govern the differentiation of stem cells in vitro and to modulate the cellular behavior in vivo. While this technology works fine for adult stem cells, the cultivation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) is challenging as these cells typically show poor attachment on the bioengineered substrates, which among other effects causes substantial cell death. Thus, very limited types of surfaces have been demonstrated suitable for hiPSC cultures. The multilayer coating approach that renders the surface with diverse chemical compositions, architectures, and functions can be used to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs on the bioengineered substrates. We hypothesized that a multilayer formation based on the attraction of molecules with opposite charges could functionalize the polystyrene (PS) substrates to improve the adhesion of hiPSCs. Polymeric substrates were stepwise coated, first with dopamine to form a polydopamine (PDA) layer, second with polylysine and last with Laminin-521. The multilayer formation resulted in the variation of hydrophilicity and chemical functionality of the surfaces. Hydrophilicity was detected using captive bubble method and the amount of primary and secondary amines on the surface was quantified by fluorescent staining. The PDA layer effectively immobilized the upper layers and thereby improved the attachment of hiPSCs. Cell adhesion was enhanced on the surfaces coated with multilayers, as compared to those without PDA and/or polylysine. Moreover, hiPSCs spread well over this multilayer laminin substrate. These cells maintained their proliferation capacity and differentiation potential. The multilayer coating strategy is a promising attempt for engineering polymer-based substrates for the cultivation of hiPSCs and of interest for expanding the application scope of hiPSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Nie
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany
| | - Xun Xu
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jie Zou
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thanga Bhuvanesh
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Burkhard Schulz
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nan Ma
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Teltow, Germany
| | - Andreas Lendlein
- Institute of Biomaterial Science and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Teltow, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Chemistry, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany.,Helmholtz Virtual Institute - Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Teltow, Germany
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4
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Velmurugan BK, Bharathi Priya L, Poornima P, Lee LJ, Baskaran R. Biomaterial aided differentiation and maturation of induced pluripotent stem cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:8443-8454. [PMID: 30565686 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Engineering/reprogramming differentiated adult somatic cells to gain the ability to differentiate into any type of cell lineage are called as induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). Offering unlimited self-renewal and differentiation potential, these iPSC are aspired to meet the growing demands in the field of regenerative medicine, tissue engineering, disease modeling, nanotechnology, and drug discovery. Biomaterial fabrication with the rapid evolution of technology increased their versatility and utility in regenerative medicine and tissue engineering, revolutionizing the stem cell biology research with the property to guide the process of proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Combining traditional culture platforms of iPSC with biomaterials aids to overcome the limitations associated with derivation, proliferation, and maturation, thereby could improve the clinical translation of iPSC. The present review discusses in brief about the reprogramming techniques for the derivation iPSC and details on several biomaterial guided differentiation of iPSC to different cell types with specific relevance to tissue engineering/regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lohanathan Bharathi Priya
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Paramasivan Poornima
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Science, Engineering and Technology, University of Abertay, Dundee, UK
| | - Li-Jen Lee
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Rathinasamy Baskaran
- Graduate Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Scaling-Up Techniques for the Nanofabrication of Cell Culture Substrates via Two-Photon Polymerization for Industrial-Scale Expansion of Stem Cells. MATERIALS 2017; 10:ma10010066. [PMID: 28772424 PMCID: PMC5344595 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Stem-cell-based therapies require a high number (106–109) of cells, therefore in vitro expansion is needed because of the initially low amount of stem cells obtainable from human tissues. Standard protocols for stem cell expansion are currently based on chemically-defined culture media and animal-derived feeder-cell layers, which expose cells to additives and to xenogeneic compounds, resulting in potential issues when used in clinics. The two-photon laser polymerization technique enables three-dimensional micro-structures to be fabricated, which we named synthetic nichoids. Here we review our activity on the technological improvements in manufacturing biomimetic synthetic nichoids and, in particular on the optimization of the laser-material interaction to increase the patterned area and the percentage of cell culture surface covered by such synthetic nichoids, from a low initial value of 10% up to 88% with an optimized micromachining time. These results establish two-photon laser polymerization as a promising tool to fabricate substrates for stem cell expansion, without any chemical supplement and in feeder-free conditions for potential therapeutic uses.
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6
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Maryanoff BE. Phenotypic Assessment and the Discovery of Topiramate. ACS Med Chem Lett 2016; 7:662-5. [PMID: 27437073 PMCID: PMC4948003 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.6b00176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
![]()
The
role of phenotypic assessment in drug discovery is discussed,
along with the discovery and development of TOPAMAX (topiramate),
a billion-dollar molecule for the treatment of epilepsy and migraine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruce E. Maryanoff
- Baruch S. Blumberg Institute, 3805 Old Easton Road, Doylestown, Pennsylvania 18902, United States
- Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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Leha A, Moens N, Meleckyte R, Culley OJ, Gervasio MK, Kerz M, Reimer A, Cain SA, Streeter I, Folarin A, Stegle O, Kielty CM, Durbin R, Watt FM, Danovi D. A high-content platform to characterise human induced pluripotent stem cell lines. Methods 2015; 96:85-96. [PMID: 26608109 PMCID: PMC4773406 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
iPSCs show inter/intra-line/donor-variability hampering characterisation. HipSci generates, banks and provides iPSCs from hundreds of individual donors. iPSCs respond to different human plasma fibronectin concentrations on 96-well assays. Phenotypic features: cell number, proliferation, morphology and intercellular adhesion. The methodologies described can be tailored for disease-modelling and other cell types.
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) provide invaluable opportunities for future cell therapies as well as for studying human development, modelling diseases and discovering therapeutics. In order to realise the potential of iPSCs, it is crucial to comprehensively characterise cells generated from large cohorts of healthy and diseased individuals. The human iPSC initiative (HipSci) is assessing a large panel of cell lines to define cell phenotypes, dissect inter- and intra-line and donor variability and identify its key determinant components. Here we report the establishment of a high-content platform for phenotypic analysis of human iPSC lines. In the described assay, cells are dissociated and seeded as single cells onto 96-well plates coated with fibronectin at three different concentrations. This method allows assessment of cell number, proliferation, morphology and intercellular adhesion. Altogether, our strategy delivers robust quantification of phenotypic diversity within complex cell populations facilitating future identification of the genetic, biological and technical determinants of variance. Approaches such as the one described can be used to benchmark iPSCs from multiple donors and create novel platforms that can readily be tailored for disease modelling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Leha
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Nathalie Moens
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Ruta Meleckyte
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Oliver J Culley
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Mia K Gervasio
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Maximilian Kerz
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health Informatics Core, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Andreas Reimer
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Stuart A Cain
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Streeter
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Amos Folarin
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre for Mental Health Informatics Core, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Oliver Stegle
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SA, UK
| | - Cay M Kielty
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | | | - Richard Durbin
- Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge CB10 1SD, UK
| | - Fiona M Watt
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK
| | - Davide Danovi
- HipSci Cell Phenotyping, Centre for Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, King's College London, Great Maze Pond, London SE1 9RT, UK.
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8
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Budge EJ, Tsoti SM, Howgate DJ, Sivakumar S, Jalali M. Collective intelligence for translational medicine: Crowdsourcing insights and innovation from an interdisciplinary biomedical research community. Ann Med 2015; 47:570-5. [PMID: 26469375 DOI: 10.3109/07853890.2015.1091945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Translational medicine bridges the gap between discoveries in biomedical science and their safe and effective clinical application. Despite the gross opportunity afforded by modern research for unparalleled advances in this field, the process of translation remains protracted. Efforts to expedite science translation have included the facilitation of interdisciplinary collaboration within both academic and clinical environments in order to generate integrated working platforms fuelling the sharing of knowledge, expertise, and tools to align biomedical research with clinical need. However, barriers to scientific translation remain, and further progress is urgently required. Collective intelligence and crowdsourcing applications offer the potential for global online networks, allowing connection and collaboration between a wide variety of fields. This would drive the alignment of biomedical science with biotechnology, clinical need, and patient experience, in order to deliver evidence-based innovation which can revolutionize medical care worldwide. Here we discuss the critical steps towards implementing collective intelligence in translational medicine using the experience of those in other fields of science and public health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Shivan Sivakumar
- d Department of Oncology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
- e Oxford Cancer and Haematology Centre , Churchill Hospital , Oxford , UK
| | - Morteza Jalali
- f Anne McLaren Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute , University of Cambridge , Cambridge , UK
- g Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery , Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre , Oxford , UK
- h Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, Medical Sciences Division , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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Batalov I, Feinberg AW. Differentiation of Cardiomyocytes from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Using Monolayer Culture. Biomark Insights 2015; 10:71-6. [PMID: 26052225 PMCID: PMC4447149 DOI: 10.4137/bmi.s20050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are a promising cell source for cardiac tissue engineering and cell-based therapies for heart repair because they can be expanded in vitro and differentiated into most cardiovascular cell types, including cardiomyocytes. During embryonic heart development, this differentiation occurs under the influence of internal and external stimuli that guide cells to go down the cardiac lineage. In order to differentiate PSCs in vitro, these or similar stimuli need to be provided in a controlled manner. However, because it is not possible to completely recapitulate the embryonic environment, the factors essential for cardiac differentiation of PSCs in vitro need to be experimentally determined and validated. Since PSCs were first developed, significant progress has been made in optimizing techniques for their differentiation toward cardiomyocytes. In this review, we will summarize recent advances in these techniques, with particular focus on monolayer-based methods that have improved the efficiency and scalability of cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Batalov
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Adam W Feinberg
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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