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Wang B, Hu S, Teng Y, Chen J, Wang H, Xu Y, Wang K, Xu J, Cheng Y, Gao X. Current advance of nanotechnology in diagnosis and treatment for malignant tumors. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:200. [PMID: 39128942 PMCID: PMC11323968 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01889-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 05/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a significant risk to human health. Nanomedicine is a new multidisciplinary field that is garnering a lot of interest and investigation. Nanomedicine shows great potential for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Specifically engineered nanoparticles can be employed as contrast agents in cancer diagnostics to enable high sensitivity and high-resolution tumor detection by imaging examinations. Novel approaches for tumor labeling and detection are also made possible by the use of nanoprobes and nanobiosensors. The achievement of targeted medication delivery in cancer therapy can be accomplished through the rational design and manufacture of nanodrug carriers. Nanoparticles have the capability to effectively transport medications or gene fragments to tumor tissues via passive or active targeting processes, thus enhancing treatment outcomes while minimizing harm to healthy tissues. Simultaneously, nanoparticles can be employed in the context of radiation sensitization and photothermal therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of malignant tumors. This review presents a literature overview and summary of how nanotechnology is used in the diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors. According to oncological diseases originating from different systems of the body and combining the pathophysiological features of cancers at different sites, we review the most recent developments in nanotechnology applications. Finally, we briefly discuss the prospects and challenges of nanotechnology in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilan Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Evidence-based Pharmacy Center, Children's Medicine Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shiqi Hu
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Development and Related Diseases of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Yan Teng
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, 610072, P.R. China
| | - Junli Chen
- West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Haoyuan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yezhen Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jianguo Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Yongzhong Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
| | - Xiang Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery and Institute of Neurosurgery, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu, 610041, China.
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Pang X, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Qian S. A stemness-based signature with inspiring indications in discriminating the prognosis, immune response, and somatic mutation of endometrial cancer patients revealed by machine learning. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:11248-11274. [PMID: 39079132 PMCID: PMC11315399 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2024]
Abstract
Endometrial cancer (EC) is a fatal gynecologic tumor. Bioinformatic tools are increasingly developed to screen out molecular targets related to EC. Our study aimed to identify stemness-related prognostic biomarkers for new therapeutic strategies in EC. In this study, we explored the prognostic value of cancer stem cells (CSCs), characterized by self-renewal and unlimited proliferation, and its correlation with immune infiltrates in EC. Transcriptome and somatic mutation profiles of EC were downloaded from TCGA database. Based on their stemness signature and DEGs, EC patients were divided into two subtypes via consensus clustering, and patients in Stemness Subtype I presented significantly better OS and DFS than Stemness Subtype II. Subtype I also displayed better clinicopathological features, and genomic variations demonstrated different somatic mutation from subtype II. Additionally, two stemness subtypes had distinct tumor immune microenvironment patterns. In the end, three machine learning algorithms were applied to construct a 7-gene stemness subtype risk model, which were further validated in an external independent EC cohort in our hospital. This novel stemness-based classification could provide a promising prognostic predictor for EC and may guide physicians in selecting potential responders for preferential use of immunotherapy. This novel stemness-dependent classification method has high value in predicting the prognosis, and also provides a reference for clinicians in selecting sensitive immunotherapy methods for EC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuecheng Pang
- Gynecology Department 2, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Gynecology Department 2, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Second Department of Anesthesia, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
| | - Sumin Qian
- Gynecology Department 2, Cangzhou Central Hospital, Cangzhou, Hebei, China
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Agosti E, Zeppieri M, Ghidoni M, Ius T, Tel A, Fontanella MM, Panciani PP. Role of glioma stem cells in promoting tumor chemo- and radioresistance: A systematic review of potential targeted treatments. World J Stem Cells 2024; 16:604-614. [PMID: 38817336 PMCID: PMC11135247 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v16.i5.604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas pose a significant challenge to effective treatment despite advancements in chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Glioma stem cells (GSCs), a subset within tumors, contribute to resistance, tumor heterogeneity, and plasticity. Recent studies reveal GSCs' role in therapeutic resistance, driven by DNA repair mechanisms and dynamic transitions between cellular states. Resistance mechanisms can involve different cellular pathways, most of which have been recently reported in the literature. Despite progress, targeted therapeutic approaches lack consensus due to GSCs' high plasticity. AIM To analyze targeted therapies against GSC-mediated resistance to radio- and chemotherapy in gliomas, focusing on underlying mechanisms. METHODS A systematic search was conducted across major medical databases (PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library) up to September 30, 2023. The search strategy utilized relevant Medical Subject Heading terms and keywords related to including "glioma stem cells", "radiotherapy", "chemotherapy", "resistance", and "targeted therapies". Studies included in this review were publications focusing on targeted therapies against the molecular mechanism of GSC-mediated resistance to radiotherapy resistance (RTR). RESULTS In a comprehensive review of 66 studies on stem cell therapies for SCI, 452 papers were initially identified, with 203 chosen for full-text analysis. Among them, 201 were deemed eligible after excluding 168 for various reasons. The temporal breakdown of studies illustrates this trend: 2005-2010 (33.3%), 2011-2015 (36.4%), and 2016-2022 (30.3%). Key GSC models, particularly U87 (33.3%), U251 (15.2%), and T98G (15.2%), emerge as significant in research, reflecting their representativeness of glioma characteristics. Pathway analysis indicates a focus on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (27.3%) and Notch (12.1%) pathways, suggesting their crucial roles in resistance development. Targeted molecules with mTOR (18.2%), CHK1/2 (15.2%), and ATP binding cassette G2 (12.1%) as frequent targets underscore their importance in overcoming GSC-mediated resistance. Various therapeutic agents, notably RNA inhibitor/short hairpin RNA (27.3%), inhibitors (e.g., LY294002, NVP-BEZ235) (24.2%), and monoclonal antibodies (e.g., cetuximab) (9.1%), demonstrate versatility in targeted therapies. among 20 studies (60.6%), the most common effect on the chemotherapy resistance response is a reduction in temozolomide resistance (51.5%), followed by reductions in carmustine resistance (9.1%) and doxorubicin resistance (3.0%), while resistance to RTR is reduced in 42.4% of studies. CONCLUSION GSCs play a complex role in mediating radioresistance and chemoresistance, emphasizing the necessity for precision therapies that consider the heterogeneity within the GSC population and the dynamic tumor microenvironment to enhance outcomes for glioblastoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Agosti
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Marco Zeppieri
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy.
| | - Mattia Ghidoni
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Tamara Ius
- Neurosurgery Unit, Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScience, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tel
- Clinic of Maxillofacial Surgery, Department of Head-Neck and NeuroScience, University Hospital of Udine, Udine 33100, Italy
| | - Marco Maria Fontanella
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
| | - Pier Paolo Panciani
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia 25123, Italy
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Kiel K, Król SK, Bronisz A, Godlewski J. MiR-128-3p - a gray eminence of the human central nervous system. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102141. [PMID: 38419943 PMCID: PMC10899074 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
MicroRNA-128-3p (miR-128-3p) is a versatile molecule with multiple functions in the physiopathology of the human central nervous system. Perturbations of miR-128-3p, which is enriched in the brain, contribute to a plethora of neurodegenerative disorders, brain injuries, and malignancies, as this miRNA is a crucial regulator of gene expression in the brain, playing an essential role in the maintenance and function of cells stemming from neuronal lineage. However, the differential expression of miR-128-3p in pathologies underscores the importance of the balance between its high and low levels. Significantly, numerous reports pointed to miR-128-3p as one of the most depleted in glioblastoma, implying it is a critical player in the disease's pathogenesis and thus may serve as a therapeutic agent for this most aggressive form of brain tumor. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the diverse roles of miR-128-3p. We focus on its involvement in the neurogenesis and pathophysiology of malignant and neurodegenerative diseases. We also highlight the promising potential of miR-128-3p as an antitumor agent for the future therapy of human cancers, including glioblastoma, and as the linchpin of brain development and function, potentially leading to the development of new therapies for neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaudia Kiel
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Katarzyna Król
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Bronisz
- Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Godlewski
- Department of Neurooncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5 Pawińskiego Street, Warsaw, Poland
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Victorio CBL, Novera W, Ganasarajah A, Ong J, Thomas M, Wu J, Toh HSY, Sun AX, Ooi EE, Chacko AM. Repurposing of Zika virus live-attenuated vaccine (ZIKV-LAV) strains as oncolytic viruses targeting human glioblastoma multiforme cells. J Transl Med 2024; 22:126. [PMID: 38308299 PMCID: PMC10835997 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-04930-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain cancer affecting the adult population. Median overall survival for GBM patients is poor (15 months), primarily due to high rates of tumour recurrence and the paucity of treatment options. Oncolytic virotherapy is a promising treatment alternative for GBM patients, where engineered viruses selectively infect and eradicate cancer cells by inducing cell lysis and eliciting robust anti-tumour immune response. In this study, we evaluated the oncolytic potency of live-attenuated vaccine strains of Zika virus (ZIKV-LAV) against human GBM cells in vitro. Our findings revealed that Axl and integrin αvβ5 function as cellular receptors mediating ZIKV-LAV infection in GBM cells. ZIKV-LAV strains productively infected and lysed human GBM cells but not primary endothelia and terminally differentiated neurons. Upon infection, ZIKV-LAV mediated GBM cell death via apoptosis and pyroptosis. This is the first in-depth molecular dissection of how oncolytic ZIKV infects and induces death in tumour cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Bianca Luena Victorio
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857.
| | - Wisna Novera
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Arun Ganasarajah
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Joanne Ong
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Melisyaa Thomas
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Jonas Wu
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Hilary Si Yin Toh
- Laboratory of Human Neural Models, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Alfred Xuyang Sun
- Laboratory of Human Neural Models, Neuroscience and Behavioural Disorders Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Eng Eong Ooi
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Disease, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857
| | - Ann-Marie Chacko
- Laboratory for Translational and Molecular Imaging, Cancer and Stem Cell Biology Programme, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore, 169857.
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Research, National Cancer Centre, Singapore, Singapore, 169610.
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Yadav N, Purow BW. Understanding current experimental models of glioblastoma-brain microenvironment interactions. J Neurooncol 2024; 166:213-229. [PMID: 38180686 PMCID: PMC11056965 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-023-04536-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a common and devastating primary brain tumor, with median survival of 16-18 months after diagnosis in the setting of substantial resistance to standard-of-care and inevitable tumor recurrence. Recent work has implicated the brain microenvironment as being critical for GBM proliferation, invasion, and resistance to treatment. GBM does not operate in isolation, with neurons, astrocytes, and multiple immune populations being implicated in GBM tumor progression and invasiveness. The goal of this review article is to provide an overview of the available in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo experimental models for assessing GBM-brain interactions, as well as discuss each model's relative strengths and limitations. Current in vitro models discussed will include 2D and 3D co-culture platforms with various cells of the brain microenvironment, as well as spheroids, whole organoids, and models of fluid dynamics, such as interstitial flow. An overview of in vitro and ex vivo organotypic GBM brain slices is also provided. Finally, we conclude with a discussion of the various in vivo rodent models of GBM, including xenografts, syngeneic grafts, and genetically-engineered models of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niket Yadav
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, 22908, USA
| | - Benjamin W Purow
- Department of Neurology, University of Virginia Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Virginia Health System, Charlottesville, VA, 22903, USA.
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Du Y, Pollok KE, Shen J. Unlocking Glioblastoma Secrets: Natural Killer Cell Therapy against Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5836. [PMID: 38136381 PMCID: PMC10741423 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15245836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) represents a paramount challenge as the most formidable primary brain tumor characterized by its rapid growth, aggressive invasiveness, and remarkable heterogeneity, collectively impeding effective therapeutic interventions. The cancer stem cells within GBM, GBM stem cells (GSCs), hold pivotal significance in fueling tumor advancement, therapeutic refractoriness, and relapse. Given their unique attributes encompassing self-renewal, multipotent differentiation potential, and intricate interplay with the tumor microenvironment, targeting GSCs emerges as a critical strategy for innovative GBM treatments. Natural killer (NK) cells, innate immune effectors recognized for their capacity to selectively detect and eliminate malignancies without the need for prior sensitization, offer substantial therapeutic potential. Harnessing the inherent capabilities of NK cells can not only directly engage tumor cells but also augment broader immune responses. Encouraging outcomes from clinical investigations underscore NK cells as a potentially effective modality for cancer therapy. Consequently, NK cell-based approaches hold promise for effectively targeting GSCs, thereby presenting an avenue to enhance treatment outcomes for GBM patients. This review outlines GBM's intricate landscape, therapeutic challenges, GSC-related dynamics, and elucidates the potential of NK cell as an immunotherapeutic strategy directed towards GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanning Du
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
| | - Karen E. Pollok
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Hematology/Oncology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jia Shen
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA;
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
- Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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Xu L, Duan H, Zou Y, Wang J, Liu H, Wang W, Zhu X, Chen J, Zhu C, Yin Z, Zhao X, Wang Q. Xihuang Pill-destabilized CD133/EGFR/Akt/mTOR cascade reduces stemness enrichment of glioblastoma via the down-regulation of SOX2. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154764. [PMID: 36963368 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous study found that XHP could induce GBM cells to undergo apoptosis. A lot of evidence suggests that glioma stem-like cells (GSCs) are key factors that contribute to disease progression and poor prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). Traditional Chinese medicine has been applied in clinical practice as a complementary and alternative therapy for glioma. PURPOSE To evaluate the effect and the potential molecular mechanism of Xihuang pill (XHP) on GSCs. METHODS UPLC-QTOF-MS analysis was used for constituent analysis of XHP. Using network pharmacology and bioinformatics methods, a molecular network targeting GSCs by the active ingredients in XHP was constructed. Cell viability, self-renewal ability, apoptosis, and GSC markers were detected by CCK-8 assay, tumor sphere formation assay and flow cytometry, respectively. The interrelationship between GSC markers (CD133 and SOX2) and key proteins of the EGFR/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway was evaluated using GEPIA and verified by western blot. A GBM cell line stably overexpressing Akt was constructed using lentivirus to evaluate the role of Akt signaling in the regulation of glioma stemness. The effect of XHP on glioma growth was analyzed by a subcutaneously transplanted glioma cell model in nude mice, hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to examine pathological changes, TUNEL staining was used to detect apoptosis in tumor tissues, and the expression of GSC markers in tumor tissues was identified by western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Bioinformatics analysis showed that 55 matched targets were related to XHP targets and glioma stem cell targets. In addition to causing apoptosis, XHP could diminish the number of GBM 3D spheroids, the proportion of CD133-positive cells and the expression level of GSC markers (CD133 and SOX2) in vitro. Furthermore, XHP could attenuate the expression of CD133, EGFR, p-Akt, p-mTOR and SOX2 in GBM spheres. Overexpression of Akt significantly increased the expression level of SOX2, which was prohibited in the presence of XHP. XHP reduced GSC markers including CD133 and SOX2, and impeded the development of glioma growth in xenograft mouse models in vivo. CONCLUSION We demonstrate for the first time that XHP down-regulates stemness, restrains self-renewal and induces apoptosis in GSCs and impedes glioma growth by down-regulating SOX2 through destabilizing the CD133/EGFR/Akt/mTOR cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanyang Xu
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Department of Neurosurgery/Neuro-Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510060, China
| | - Yuheng Zou
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Huaxi Liu
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Wanyu Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Chuanwu Zhu
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Zhixin Yin
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China
| | - Xiaoshan Zhao
- Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
| | - Qirui Wang
- Zhujiang Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510282, China; Department of Molecular Biology, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510515, China.
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Knauer N, Meschaninova M, Muhammad S, Hänggi D, Majoral JP, Kahlert UD, Kozlov V, Apartsin EK. Effects of Dendrimer-microRNA Nanoformulations against Glioblastoma Stem Cells. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030968. [PMID: 36986829 PMCID: PMC10056969 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a rapidly progressing tumor quite resistant to conventional treatment. These features are currently assigned to a self-sustaining population of glioblastoma stem cells. Anti-tumor stem cell therapy calls for a new means of treatment. In particular, microRNA-based treatment is a solution, which in turn requires specific carriers for intracellular delivery of functional oligonucleotides. Herein, we report a preclinical in vitro validation of antitumor activity of nanoformulations containing antitumor microRNA miR-34a and microRNA-21 synthetic inhibitor and polycationic phosphorus and carbosilane dendrimers. The testing was carried out in a panel of glioblastoma and glioma cell lines, glioblastoma stem-like cells and induced pluripotent stem cells. We have shown dendrimer-microRNA nanoformulations to induce cell death in a controllable manner, with cytotoxic effects being more pronounced in tumor cells than in non-tumor stem cells. Furthermore, nanoformulations affected the expression of proteins responsible for interactions between the tumor and its immune microenvironment: surface markers (PD-L1, TIM3, CD47) and IL-10. Our findings evidence the potential of dendrimer-based therapeutic constructions for the anti-tumor stem cell therapy worth further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadezhda Knauer
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mariya Meschaninova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine SB RAS, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Sajjad Muhammad
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Daniel Hänggi
- Clinic for Neurosurgery, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Medical Center Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jean-Pierre Majoral
- Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination, CNRS, 205 Route de Narbonne, CEDEX 04, 31077 Toulouse, France
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Molecular and Experimental Surgery, Clinic for General-, Visceral-, Vascular-, and Transplant-Surgery, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Magdeburg, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kozlov
- Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgeny K. Apartsin
- Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, CBMN, UMR 5248, 33600 Pessac, France
- Correspondence:
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Knapinska AM, Drotleff G, Chai C, Twohill D, Ernce A, Tokmina-Roszyk D, Grande I, Rodriguez M, Larson B, Fields GB. Screening MT1-MMP Activity and Inhibition in Three-Dimensional Tumor Spheroids. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020562. [PMID: 36831098 PMCID: PMC9953393 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has been shown to be crucial for tumor angiogenesis, invasion, and metastasis, and thus MT1-MMP is a high priority target for potential cancer therapies. To properly evaluate MT1-MMP inhibitors, a screening protocol is desired by which enzyme activity can be quantified in a tumor microenvironment-like model system. In the present study, we applied a fluorogenic, collagen model triple-helical substrate to quantify MT1-MMP activity for tumor spheroids embedded in a collagen hydrogel. The substrate was designed to be MT1-MMP selective and to possess fluorescent properties compatible with cell-based assays. The proteolysis of the substrate correlated to glioma spheroid invasion. In turn, the application of either small molecule or protein-based MMP inhibitors reduced proteolytic activity and glioma spheroid invasion. The presence of MT1-MMP in glioma spheroids was confirmed by western blotting. Thus, spheroid invasion was dependent on MT1-MMP activity, and inhibitors of MT1-MMP and invasion could be conveniently screened in a high-throughput format. The combination of the fluorogenic, triple-helical substrate, the three-dimensional tumor spheroids embedded in collagen, and Hit-Pick software resulted in an easily adaptable in vivo-like tumor microenvironment for rapidly processing inhibitor potential for anti-cancer use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M. Knapinska
- Alphazyme, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Gary Drotleff
- Alphazyme, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Cedric Chai
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Destiny Twohill
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Alexa Ernce
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dorota Tokmina-Roszyk
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Isabella Grande
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Michelle Rodriguez
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Brad Larson
- Agilent Technologies, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Gregg B. Fields
- Institute for Human Health & Disease Intervention (I-HEALTH), Florida Atlantic University, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
- Correspondence:
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11
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Hong X, Zhang J, Zou J, Ouyang J, Xiao B, Wang P, Peng X. Role of COL6A2 in malignant progression and temozolomide resistance of glioma. Cell Signal 2023; 102:110560. [PMID: 36521657 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2022.110560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are one of the most common primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system, and have an unfavorable prognosis. Even combining precise surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the survival rate is still unsatisfactory. Chemotherapy resistance is one of main reasons for its adverse prognosis. As shown by several studies, glioma stem cells (GSCs) were correlated with radiotherapy/chemotherapy resistance and high relapse rate. This study aimed to find a new biomarker related to GSCs and chemotherapy resistance. METHODS TCGA, CGGA, GSE16011, GSE23806 and GDSC datasets were used to screen the genes related to GSCs, Temozolomide (TMZ) resistance, and survival. In the TCGA, GTEx, GSE16011 and CGGA datasets, mRNA level, prognostic value, and correlation with immune infiltration in the selected genes were analyzed through methods including Kaplan-Meier analysis, Cox analysis, the ESTIMATE algorithm, and the CIBERSORT algorithm. The expression of COL6A2 mRNA and protein in different groups was detected by RT-qPCR and western blot. A MTT assay and flow cytometry were used to measure the effect of COL6A2 on proliferation and apoptosis of glioma cells. RESULTS COL6A2 was positively correlated with glioma stemness and TMZ resistance. Its expression was up-regulated in GBM, and high expression was correlated with adverse prognosis. As shown by Cox analysis, COL6A2 was an independent prognostic factor for glioma. COL6A2 mRNA was increased with the glioma grade. It was over-expressed in MGMT non-methylation and IDH wild-type specimens. The results of in vitro experiments showed that COL6A2 promots proliferation of glioma cells and inhibits their apoptosis. Meanwhile, the expression of COL6A2 in TMZ-resistant glioma cells was significantly higher than that in ordinary glioma cells. As shown by GO and KEGG pathway analysis, COL6A2 was correlated with glioma proliferation, migration, invasion, and immunity. In particular, it was significantly positively correlated with PD-1, PD-L2, PD-L1, B7-H3, CTLA-4, IDO1 and TIM-3 expression, further verifying that it may play an important role in immune response. In addition, COL6A2 might influence immune cell infiltration in the glioma microenvironment. CONCLUSION COL6A2 high-expression is an indicator for adverse glioma prognosis, and is correlated with TMZ-resistant and immune response. Meanwhile, it may be a prospective biomarker for treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Hong
- Medical School of Jingchu University of Technology, Jingmen 448000, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Jianmin Zou
- The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Foshan 528244, China
| | - Jiecai Ouyang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Boan Xiao
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China
| | - Peng Wang
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China.
| | - Xiaobin Peng
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China.
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12
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Effects of a monoclonal antibody against (pro)renin receptor on gliomagenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:808. [PMID: 36646875 PMCID: PMC9842725 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-28133-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by a strong self-renewal potential and poor differentiated state. We have reported previously that the (pro)renin receptor [(P)RR] is a potential target for glioma therapy by silencing the (P)RR gene. Here, we have examined the effects of a monoclonal antibody against (P)RR on gliomagenesis. Human glioma cell lines (U251MG and U87MG) and a glioma stem cell line (MGG23) were used for the in vitro study. The expressions of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway (Wnt signaling pathway) components and stemness markers were measured by Western blotting. The effects of the (P)RR antibody on cell proliferation, sphere formation, apoptosis and migration were also examined. Subcutaneous xenografts were also examined in nude mice. Treatment with the (P)RR antibody reduced expression of Wnt signaling pathway components and stemness markers. Furthermore, the (P)RR antibody reduced cell proliferation and decreased sphere formation significantly. The treatment also suppressed migration and induced apoptosis. In a subcutaneous xenograft model, systemic administration of the (P)RR antibody reduced tumor volume significantly. These data show that treatment with the (P)RR antibody is a potential therapeutic strategy for treating glioblastoma.
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13
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Barin N, Balcioglu HE, de Heer I, de Wit M, Lamfers MLM, van Royen ME, French PJ, Accardo A. 3D-Engineered Scaffolds to Study Microtubes and Localization of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in Patient-Derived Glioma Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2204485. [PMID: 36207287 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202204485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A major obstacle in glioma research is the lack of in vitro models that can retain cellular features of glioma cells in vivo. To overcome this limitation, a 3D-engineered scaffold, fabricated by two-photon polymerization, is developed as a cell culture model system to study patient-derived glioma cells. Scanning electron microscopy, (live cell) confocal microscopy, and immunohistochemistry are employed to assess the 3D model with respect to scaffold colonization, cellular morphology, and epidermal growth factor receptor localization. Both glioma patient-derived cells and established cell lines successfully colonize the scaffolds. Compared to conventional 2D cell cultures, the 3D-engineered scaffolds more closely resemble in vivo glioma cellular features and allow better monitoring of individual cells, cellular protrusions, and intracellular trafficking. Furthermore, less random cell motility and increased stability of cellular networks is observed for cells cultured on the scaffolds. The 3D-engineered glioma scaffolds therefore represent a promising tool for studying brain cancer mechanobiology as well as for drug screening studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Barin
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Hayri E Balcioglu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Iris de Heer
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Maurice de Wit
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Martine L M Lamfers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Martin E van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Pim J French
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, University Medical Center, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, 3015 GD, The Netherlands
| | - Angelo Accardo
- Department of Precision and Microsystems Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Mekelweg 2, Delft, 2628 CD, The Netherlands
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14
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Weng M, Li T, Zhao J, Guo M, Zhao W, Gu W, Sun C, Yue Y, Zhong Z, Nan K, Liao Q, Sun M, Zhou D, Miao C. mRNAsi-related metabolic risk score model identifies poor prognosis, immunoevasive contexture, and low chemotherapy response in colorectal cancer patients through machine learning. Front Immunol 2022; 13:950782. [PMID: 36081499 PMCID: PMC9445443 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.950782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most fatal cancers of the digestive system. Although cancer stem cells and metabolic reprogramming have an important effect on tumor progression and drug resistance, their combined effect on CRC prognosis remains unclear. Therefore, we generated a 21-gene mRNA stemness index-related metabolic risk score model, which was examined in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus databases (1323 patients) and validated using the Zhongshan Hospital cohort (200 patients). The high-risk group showed more immune infiltrations; higher levels of immunosuppressive checkpoints, such as CD274, tumor mutation burden, and resistance to chemotherapeutics; potentially better response to immune therapy; worse prognosis; and advanced stage of tumor node metastasis than the low-risk group. The combination of risk score and clinical characteristics was effective in predicting overall survival. Zhongshan cohort validated that high-risk score group correlated with malignant progression, worse prognosis, inferior adjuvant chemotherapy responsiveness of CRC, and shaped an immunoevasive contexture. This tool may provide a more accurate risk stratification in CRC and screening of patients with CRC responsive to immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meilin Weng
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Department of Pathology, Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Miaomiao Guo
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenling Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenchao Gu
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Caihong Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Yue
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziwen Zhong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ke Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingwu Liao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Minli Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changhong Miao, ; Di Zhou, ; Minli Sun,
| | - Di Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changhong Miao, ; Di Zhou, ; Minli Sun,
| | - Changhong Miao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Perioperative Stress and Protection, Zhongshan hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Changhong Miao, ; Di Zhou, ; Minli Sun,
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15
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FMRP modulates the Wnt signalling pathway in glioblastoma. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:719. [PMID: 35982038 PMCID: PMC9388540 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05019-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Converging evidence indicates that the Fragile X Messenger Ribonucleoprotein (FMRP), which absent or mutated in Fragile X Syndrome (FXS), plays a role in many types of cancers. However, while FMRP roles in brain development and function have been extensively studied, its involvement in the biology of brain tumors remains largely unexplored. Here we show, in human glioblastoma (GBM) biopsies, that increased expression of FMRP directly correlates with a worse patient outcome. In contrast, reductions in FMRP correlate with a diminished tumor growth and proliferation of human GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) in vitro in a cell culture model and in vivo in mouse brain GSC xenografts. Consistently, increased FMRP levels promote GSC proliferation. To characterize the mechanism(s) by which FMRP regulates GSC proliferation, we performed GSC transcriptome analyses in GSCs expressing high levels of FMRP, and in these GSCs after knockdown of FMRP. We show that the WNT signalling is the most significantly enriched among the published FMRP target genes and genes involved in ASD. Consistently, we find that reductions in FMRP downregulate both the canonical WNT/β-Catenin and the non-canonical WNT-ERK1/2 signalling pathways, reducing the stability of several key transcription factors (i.e. β-Catenin, CREB and ETS1) previously implicated in the modulation of malignant features of glioma cells. Our findings support a key role for FMRP in GBM cancer progression, acting via regulation of WNT signalling.
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16
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Antonica F, Aiello G, Soldano A, Abballe L, Miele E, Tiberi L. Modeling Brain Tumors: A Perspective Overview of in vivo and Organoid Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:818696. [PMID: 35706426 PMCID: PMC9190727 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.818696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain tumors are a large and heterogeneous group of neoplasms that affect the central nervous system and include some of the deadliest cancers. Almost all the conventional and new treatments fail to hinder tumoral growth of the most malignant brain tumors. This is due to multiple factors, such as intra-tumor heterogeneity, the microenvironmental properties of the human brain, and the lack of reliable models to test new therapies. Therefore, creating faithful models for each tumor and discovering tailored treatments pose great challenges in the fight against brain cancer. Over the years, different types of models have been generated, and, in this review, we investigated the advantages and disadvantages of the models currently used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Antonica
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Aiello
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessia Soldano
- Laboratory of Translational Genomics, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Luana Abballe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology and Cellular and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS), Rome, Italy
| | - Luca Tiberi
- Armenise-Harvard Laboratory of Brain Disorders and Cancer, Department of Cellular, Computational and Integrative Biology (CIBIO), University of Trento, Trento, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Tiberi,
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17
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Jia C, Zhao Y, Huang H, Fan K, Xie T, Xie M. Apigenin sensitizes radiotherapy of mouse subcutaneous glioma through attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α-mediated glycolysis. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 107:109038. [PMID: 35533901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The radioresistance of glioma is related to the presence of glioma stem cells. Apigenin, a natural flavonoid compound present in numerous health foods and edible plants, has inhibitory effects on a variety of glioma cells. However, the effects of apigenin on glioma and radiotherapy remain unclear. Here, we used radioresistant SU3-5R stem cells-inoculated subcutaneous glioma model to investigate the effects of apigenin and potential mechanisms. The results showed that after treatment of mouse subcutaneous glioma with apigenin 20 mg/kg for 12 days, irradiation 8 Gray twice or their combination, the tumor volume and weight were significantly decreased, especially in the combined treatment group. Apigenin treatment inhibited the activities of glycolytic related enzymes and expressions of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65, hypoxia inducible factor-lα (HIF-1α), glucose transporter (GLUT)-1/3 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2 (PKM2) proteins in tumor tissues. After treatment of SU3-5R cells with apigenin 7.5 μM, the fluorescence intensity of CD133 positive cells was decreased, the percentage of cells with comet tails caused by irradiation was increased, and the expressions of lipopolysaccharide-induced NF-κB p65, HIF-1α, GLUT-3 and PKM2 proteins were reduced. These results demonstrate that apigenin can sensitize the radiotherapy of subcutaneous glioma in nude mice, and its mechanisms may result from the attenuations of cell stemness and DNA damage repair by inhibiting NF-κB/HIF-1α-mediated glycolytic related enzymes and protein expressions. In conclusion, our findings suggest that apigenin and apigenin-rich health foods can be used in the radiotherapy of glioma as a radiosensitizer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhao Jia
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ying Zhao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Hui Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Ke Fan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tao Xie
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou 215008, Jiangsu Province, China.
| | - Meilin Xie
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, Jiangsu Province, China.
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18
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Uyar R. Glioblastoma microenvironment: The stromal interactions. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 232:153813. [PMID: 35228161 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.153813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are the most common primary brain tumors with poor prognosis due to their aggressive growth accompanied by invasive behavior and therapy-resistance. These features promote a high rate of recurrence; therefore, they are largely incurable. One major cause of the incurability is brought about by the intimate relationship of GBM cells with the microenvironment, which supports the tumor growth in various ways by providing a permissive neighborhood. In the tumor microenvironment are glioma stem cells (GSC); endothelial cells (EC) and hypoxic regions; immune cells and immune modulatory cues; astrocytes; neural stem/precursor cells (NPC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC). Each cell type contributes to GBM pathology in unique ways; therefore, it is necessary to understand such interactions between GBM cells and the stromal cells in order to establish a through understanding of the GBM pathology. By explaining the contribution of each stromal entity to GBM pathology we aim to draw an interaction map for GBMs and promote awareness of the complexity of the GBM microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramazan Uyar
- Walter Brendel Center of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany.
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19
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Persano F, Gigli G, Leporatti S. Natural Compounds as Promising Adjuvant Agents in The Treatment of Gliomas. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3360. [PMID: 35328780 PMCID: PMC8955269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In humans, glioblastoma is the most prevalent primary malignant brain tumor. Usually, glioblastoma has specific characteristics, such as aggressive cell proliferation and rapid invasion of surrounding brain tissue, leading to a poor patient prognosis. The current therapy-which provides a multidisciplinary approach with surgery followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy with temozolomide-is not very efficient since it faces clinical challenges such as tumor heterogeneity, invasiveness, and chemoresistance. In this respect, natural substances in the diet, integral components in the lifestyle medicine approach, can be seen as potential chemotherapeutics. There are several epidemiological studies that have shown the chemopreventive role of natural dietary compounds in cancer progression and development. These heterogeneous compounds can produce anti-glioblastoma effects through upregulation of apoptosis and autophagy; allowing the promotion of cell cycle arrest; interfering with tumor metabolism; and permitting proliferation, neuroinflammation, chemoresistance, angiogenesis, and metastasis inhibition. Although these beneficial effects are promising, the efficacy of natural compounds in glioblastoma is limited due to their bioavailability and blood-brain barrier permeability. Thereby, further clinical trials are necessary to confirm the in vitro and in vivo anticancer properties of natural compounds. In this article, we overview the role of several natural substances in the treatment of glioblastoma by considering the challenges to be overcome and future prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Persano
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Via Per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Department of Mathematics and Physics, University of Salento, Via Per Arnesano, 73100 Lecce, Italy;
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
| | - Stefano Leporatti
- CNR Nanotec-Istituto di Nanotecnologia, Via Monteroni, 73100 Lecce, Italy
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20
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Deland K, Mercer JS, Crabtree DM, Garcia MEG, Reinsvold M, Da Silva Campos L, Williams NT, Luo L, Ma Y, Reitman ZJ, Becher OJ, Kirsch DG. Radiosensitizing the Vasculature of Primary Brainstem Gliomas Fails to Improve Tumor Response to Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2022; 112:771-779. [PMID: 34619331 PMCID: PMC8898173 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diffuse intrinsic pontine gliomas (DIPGs) arise in the pons and are the leading cause of death from brain tumors in children. DIPGs are routinely treated with radiation therapy, which temporarily improves neurological symptoms but generally fails to achieve local control. Because numerous clinical trials have not improved survival from DIPG over standard radiation therapy alone, there is a pressing need to evaluate new therapeutic strategies for this devastating disease. Vascular damage caused by radiation therapy can increase the permeability of tumor blood vessels and promote tumor cell death. METHODS AND MATERIALS To investigate the impact of endothelial cell death on tumor response to radiation therapy in DIPG, we used dual recombinase (Cre + FlpO) technology to generate primary brainstem gliomas which lack ataxia telangiectasia mutated (Atm) in the vasculature. RESULTS Here, we show that Atm-deficient tumor endothelial cells are sensitized to radiation therapy. Furthermore, radiosensitization of the vasculature in primary gliomas triggered an increase in total tumor cell death. Despite the observed increase in cell killing, in mice with autochthonous DIPGs treated with radiation therapy, deletion of Atm specifically in tumor endothelial cells failed to improve survival. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that targeting the tumor cells, rather than endothelial cells, during radiation therapy will be necessary to improve survival among children with DIPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Deland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Joshua S. Mercer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Donna M. Crabtree
- Department of Pediatrics, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | | | - Michael Reinsvold
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | | | - Nerissa T. Williams
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Lixia Luo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Yan Ma
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Zachary J. Reitman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
| | - Oren J. Becher
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611 USA.,Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60611 USA
| | - David G. Kirsch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA.,Department of Pharmacology & Cancer Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710 USA
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21
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Combining HDAC and MEK Inhibitors with Radiation against Glioblastoma-Derived Spheres. Cells 2022; 11:cells11050775. [PMID: 35269397 PMCID: PMC8909581 DOI: 10.3390/cells11050775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSLCs) in glioblastoma limit effective treatment and promote therapeutic resistance and tumor recurrence. Using a combined radiation and drug-screening platform, we tested the combination of a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi) and MAPK/ERK kinase inhibitor (MEKi) with radiation to predict the efficacy against GSLCs. To mimic a stem-like phenotype, glioblastoma-derived spheres were used and treated with a combination of HDACi (MS-275) and MEKi (TAK-733 or trametinib) with 4 Gy irradiation. The sphere-forming ability after the combined radiochemotherapy was investigated using a sphere formation assay, while the expression levels of the GSLC markers (CD44, Nestin and SOX2) after treatment were analyzed using Western blotting and flow cytometry. The combined radiochemotherapy treatment inhibited the sphere formation in both glioblastoma-derived spheres, decreased the expression of the GSLC markers in a cell-line dependent manner and increased the dead cell population. Finally, we showed that the combined treatment with radiation was more effective at reducing the GSLC markers compared to the standard treatment of temozolomide and radiation. These results suggest that combining HDAC and MEK inhibition with radiation may offer a new strategy to improve the treatment of glioblastoma.
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22
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Uribe D, Niechi I, Rackov G, Erices JI, San Martín R, Quezada C. Adapt to Persist: Glioblastoma Microenvironment and Epigenetic Regulation on Cell Plasticity. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:313. [PMID: 35205179 PMCID: PMC8869716 DOI: 10.3390/biology11020313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most frequent and aggressive brain tumor, characterized by great resistance to treatments, as well as inter- and intra-tumoral heterogeneity. GBM exhibits infiltration, vascularization and hypoxia-associated necrosis, characteristics that shape a unique microenvironment in which diverse cell types are integrated. A subpopulation of cells denominated GBM stem-like cells (GSCs) exhibits multipotency and self-renewal capacity. GSCs are considered the conductors of tumor progression due to their high tumorigenic capacity, enhanced proliferation, invasion and therapeutic resistance compared to non-GSCs cells. GSCs have been classified into two molecular subtypes: proneural and mesenchymal, the latter showing a more aggressive phenotype. Tumor microenvironment and therapy can induce a proneural-to-mesenchymal transition, as a mechanism of adaptation and resistance to treatments. In addition, GSCs can transition between quiescent and proliferative substates, allowing them to persist in different niches and adapt to different stages of tumor progression. Three niches have been described for GSCs: hypoxic/necrotic, invasive and perivascular, enhancing metabolic changes and cellular interactions shaping GSCs phenotype through metabolic changes and cellular interactions that favor their stemness. The phenotypic flexibility of GSCs to adapt to each niche is modulated by dynamic epigenetic modifications. Methylases, demethylases and histone deacetylase are deregulated in GSCs, allowing them to unlock transcriptional programs that are necessary for cell survival and plasticity. In this review, we described the effects of GSCs plasticity on GBM progression, discussing the role of GSCs niches on modulating their phenotype. Finally, we described epigenetic alterations in GSCs that are important for stemness, cell fate and therapeutic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Uribe
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Ignacio Niechi
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Gorjana Rackov
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CNB-CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain;
| | - José I. Erices
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rody San Martín
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Institute of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (D.U.); (I.N.); (J.I.E.); (R.S.M.)
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile
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23
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Multiple Faces of the Glioblastoma Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23020595. [PMID: 35054779 PMCID: PMC8775531 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a highly dynamic accumulation of resident and infiltrating tumor cells, responsible for growth and invasion. The authors focused on the leading-edge concepts regarding the glioblastoma microenvironment. Due to the fact that the modern trend in the research and treatment of glioblastoma is represented by multiple approaches that target not only the primary tumor but also the neighboring tissue, the study of the microenvironment in the peritumoral tissue is an appealing direction for current and future therapies.
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24
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Yasmin IA, Mohana Sundaram S, Banerjee A, Varier L, Dharmarajan A, Warrier S. Netrin-like domain of sFRP4, a Wnt antagonist inhibits stemness, metastatic and invasive properties by specifically blocking MMP-2 in cancer stem cells from human glioma cell line U87MG. Exp Cell Res 2021; 409:112912. [PMID: 34762897 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Rapid proliferation, high stemness potential, high invasiveness and apoptotic evasion are the distinctive hallmarks of glioma malignancy. The dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway is the key factor regulating glioma malignancy. Wnt antagonist, secreted frizzled-related protein 4 (sFRP4), which has a prominent pro-apoptotic role in glioma stem cells, has two functional domains, the netrin-like domain (NLD), and cysteine-rich domain (CRD) both of which contribute to apoptotic properties of the whole protein. However, there are no reports elucidating the specific effects of individual domains of sFRP4 in inhibiting the invasive properties of glioma. This study explores the efficacy of the domains of sFRP4 in inhibiting the key hallmarks of glioblastoma such as invasion, metastasis, and stemness. We overexpressed sFRP4 and its domains in the glioblastoma cell line, U87MG cells and observed that both CRD and NLD domains played prominent roles in attenuating cancer stem cell properties. Significantly, we could demonstrate for the first time that both NLD and CRD domains negatively impacted the key driver of metastasis and migration, the matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2). Mechanistically, compared to CRD, NLD domain suppressed MMP-2 mediated invasion more effectively in glioma cells as observed in matrigel invasion assay and a function-blocking antibody assay. Fluorescent matrix degradation assay further revealed that NLD reduces matrix degradation. NLD also significantly disrupted fibronectin assembly and decreased cell adhesion in another glioma cell line LN229. In conclusion, the NLD peptide of sFRP4 could be a potent short peptide therapeutic candidate for targeting MMP-2-mediated invasion in the highly malignant glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishmat Ara Yasmin
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - S Mohana Sundaram
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | - Anasuya Banerjee
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India
| | | | - Arun Dharmarajan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Technology and Research, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, 600 116, India
| | - Sudha Warrier
- Division of Cancer Stem Cells and Cardiovascular Regeneration, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India; Cuor Stem Cellutions Pvt Ltd, Manipal Institute of Regenerative Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Bangalore, 560 065, India.
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25
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Wang S, C Ordonez-Rubiano S, Dhiman A, Jiao G, Strohmier BP, Krusemark CJ, Dykhuizen EC. Polycomb group proteins in cancer: multifaceted functions and strategies for modulation. NAR Cancer 2021; 3:zcab039. [PMID: 34617019 PMCID: PMC8489530 DOI: 10.1093/narcan/zcab039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Polycomb repressive complexes (PRCs) are a heterogenous collection of dozens, if not hundreds, of protein complexes composed of various combinations of subunits. PRCs are transcriptional repressors important for cell-type specificity during development, and as such, are commonly mis-regulated in cancer. PRCs are broadly characterized as PRC1 with histone ubiquitin ligase activity, or PRC2 with histone methyltransferase activity; however, the mechanism by which individual PRCs, particularly the highly diverse set of PRC1s, alter gene expression has not always been clear. Here we review the current understanding of how PRCs act, both individually and together, to establish and maintain gene repression, the biochemical contribution of individual PRC subunits, the mis-regulation of PRC function in different cancers, and the current strategies for modulating PRC activity. Increased mechanistic understanding of PRC function, as well as cancer-specific roles for individual PRC subunits, will uncover better targets and strategies for cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijie Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Sandra C Ordonez-Rubiano
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Alisha Dhiman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Guanming Jiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Brayden P Strohmier
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Casey J Krusemark
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
| | - Emily C Dykhuizen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Purdue University and Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA
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26
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Choi WS, Xu X, Goruk S, Wang Y, Patel S, Chow M, Field CJ, Godbout R. FABP7 Facilitates Uptake of Docosahexaenoic Acid in Glioblastoma Neural Stem-like Cells. Nutrients 2021; 13:2664. [PMID: 34444824 PMCID: PMC8402214 DOI: 10.3390/nu13082664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor with a dismal prognosis. Neural stem-like cells contribute to GBM's poor prognosis by driving drug resistance and maintaining cellular heterogeneity. GBM neural stem-like cells express high levels of brain fatty acid-binding protein (FABP7), which binds to polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) ω-6 arachidonic acid (AA) and ω-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Similar to brain, GBM tissue is enriched in AA and DHA. However, DHA levels are considerably lower in GBM tissue compared to adult brain. Therefore, it is possible that increasing DHA content in GBM, particularly in neural stem-like cells, might have therapeutic value. Here, we examine the fatty acid composition of patient-derived GBM neural stem-like cells grown as neurosphere cultures. We also investigate the effect of AA and DHA treatment on the fatty acid profiles of GBM neural stem-like cells with or without FABP7 knockdown. We show that DHA treatment increases DHA levels and the DHA:AA ratio in GBM neural stem-like cells, with FABP7 facilitating the DHA uptake. We also found that an increased uptake of DHA inhibits the migration of GBM neural stem-like cells. Our results suggest that increasing DHA content in the GBM microenvironment may reduce the migration/infiltration of FABP7-expressing neural stem-like cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Shik Choi
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Xia Xu
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Susan Goruk
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Yixiong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Samir Patel
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
| | - Michael Chow
- Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2B7, Canada;
| | - Catherine J. Field
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2E1, Canada; (S.G.); (C.J.F.)
| | - Roseline Godbout
- Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1Z2, Canada; (W.-S.C.); (X.X.); (Y.W.); (S.P.)
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27
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Brunel A, Hombourger S, Barthout E, Battu S, Kögel D, Antonietti P, Deluche E, Saada S, Durand S, Lalloué F, Jauberteau MO, Begaud G, Bessette B, Verdier M. Autophagy inhibition reinforces stemness together with exit from dormancy of polydisperse glioblastoma stem cells. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:18106-18130. [PMID: 34314381 PMCID: PMC8351723 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Therapeutic resistance and infiltrative capacities justify the aggressiveness of glioblastoma. This is due to cellular heterogeneity, especially the presence of stemness-related cells, i.e. Cancer Stem Cells (CSC). Previous studies focused on autophagy and its role in CSCs maintenance; these studies gave conflicting results as they reported either sustaining or disruptive effects. In the present work, we silenced two autophagy related genes -either Beclin1 or ATG5- by shRNA and we explored the ensuing consequences on CSCs markers’ expression and functionalities. Our results showed that the down regulation of autophagy led to enhancement in expression of CSCs markers, while proliferation and clonogenicity were boosted. Temozolomide (TMZ) treatment failed to induce apoptotic death in shBeclin1-transfected cells, contrary to control. We optimized the cellular subset analysis with the use of Sedimentation Field Flow Fractionation, a biological event monitoring- and cell sorting-dedicated technique. Fractograms of both shBeclin1 and shATG5 cells exhibited a shift of elution peak as compared with control cells, showing cellular dispersion and intrinsic sub-fraction modifications. The classical stemness fraction (i.e. F3) highlighted data obtained with the overall cellular population, exhibiting enhancement of stemness markers and escape from dormancy. Our results contributed to illustrate CSCs polydispersity and to show how these cells develop capacity to bypass autophagy inhibition, thanks to their acute adaptability and plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aude Brunel
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Sophie Hombourger
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Elodie Barthout
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Serge Battu
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Donat Kögel
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (D.K.T.K.), Partner Site Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany
| | - Patrick Antonietti
- Experimental Neurosurgery, Neuroscience Center, Goethe University Hospital, Frankfurt am Main D-60590, Germany
| | - Elise Deluche
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France.,Service d'Oncologie, CHU, Limoges 87025, France
| | - Sofiane Saada
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Stéphanie Durand
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Fabrice Lalloué
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | | | - Gaëlle Begaud
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Barbara Bessette
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
| | - Mireille Verdier
- EA 3842 CAPTuR, GEIST Institute, University of Limoges, Limoges 87025, Cedex France
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28
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Advances in Chemokine Signaling Pathways as Therapeutic Targets in Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122983. [PMID: 34203660 PMCID: PMC8232256 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
With a median patient survival of 15 months, glioblastoma (GBM) is still one of the deadliest malign tumors. Despite immense efforts, therapeutic regimens fail to prolong GBM patient overall survival due to various resistance mechanisms. Chemokine signaling as part of the tumor microenvironment plays a key role in gliomagenesis, proliferation, neovascularization, metastasis and tumor progression. In this review, we aimed to investigate novel therapeutic approaches targeting various chemokine axes, including CXCR2/CXCL2/IL-8, CXCR3/CXCL4/CXCL9/CXCL10, CXCR4/CXCR7/CXCL12, CXCR6/CXCL16, CCR2/CCL2, CCR5/CCL5 and CX3CR1/CX3CL1 in preclinical and clinical studies of GBM. We reviewed targeted therapies as single therapies, in combination with the standard of care, with antiangiogenic treatment as well as immunotherapy. We found that there are many antagonist-, antibody-, cell- and vaccine-based therapeutic approaches in preclinical and clinical studies. Furthermore, targeted therapies exerted their highest efficacy in combination with other established therapeutic applications. The novel chemokine-targeting therapies have mainly been examined in preclinical models. However, clinical applications are auspicious. Thus, it is crucial to broadly investigate the recently developed preclinical approaches. Promising preclinical applications should then be investigated in clinical studies to create new therapeutic regimens and to overcome therapy resistance to GBM treatment.
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29
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Umashankar V, Deshpande SH, Hegde HV, Singh I, Chattopadhyay D. Phytochemical Moieties From Indian Traditional Medicine for Targeting Dual Hotspots on SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein: An Integrative in-silico Approach. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 8:672629. [PMID: 34026798 PMCID: PMC8137902 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.672629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 infection across the world has led to immense turbulence in the treatment modality, thus demanding a swift drug discovery process. Spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 binds to ACE2 receptor of human to initiate host invasion. Plethora of studies demonstrate the inhibition of Spike-ACE2 interactions to impair infection. The ancient Indian traditional medicine has been of great interest of Virologists worldwide to decipher potential antivirals. Hence, in this study, phytochemicals (1,952 compounds) from eight potential medicinal plants used in Indian traditional medicine were meticulously collated, based on their usage in respiratory disorders, along with immunomodulatory and anti-viral potential from contemporary literature. Further, these compounds were virtually screened against Receptor Binding Domain (RBD) of Spike protein. The potential compounds from each plant were prioritized based on the binding affinity, key hotspot interactions at ACE2 binding region and glycosylation sites. Finally, the potential hits in complex with spike protein were subjected to Molecular Dynamics simulation (450 ns), to infer the stability of complex formation. Among the compounds screened, Tellimagrandin-II (binding energy of −8.2 kcal/mol and binding free energy of −32.08 kcal/mol) from Syzygium aromaticum L. and O-Demethyl-demethoxy-curcumin (binding energy of −8.0 kcal/mol and binding free energy of −12.48 kcal/mol) from Curcuma longa L. were found to be highly potential due to their higher binding affinity and significant binding free energy (MM-PBSA), along with favorable ADMET properties and stable intermolecular interactions with hotspots (including the ASN343 glycosylation site). The proposed hits are highly promising, as these are resultant of stringent in silico checkpoints, traditionally used, and are documented through contemporary literature. Hence, could serve as promising leads for subsequent experimental validations.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Umashankar
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Sanjay H Deshpande
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Harsha V Hegde
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Ishwar Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
| | - Debprasad Chattopadhyay
- ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Indian Council of Medical Research, Department of Health Research (Government of India), Belagavi, India
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30
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Cruz Da Silva E, Mercier MC, Etienne-Selloum N, Dontenwill M, Choulier L. A Systematic Review of Glioblastoma-Targeted Therapies in Phases II, III, IV Clinical Trials. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1795. [PMID: 33918704 PMCID: PMC8069979 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13081795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most frequent and aggressive glial tumor, is currently treated as first line by the Stupp protocol, which combines, after surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. For recurrent GBM, in absence of standard treatment or available clinical trials, various protocols including cytotoxic drugs and/or bevacizumab are currently applied. Despite these heavy treatments, the mean overall survival of patients is under 18 months. Many clinical studies are underway. Based on clinicaltrials.org and conducted up to 1 April 2020, this review lists, not only main, but all targeted therapies in phases II-IV of 257 clinical trials on adults with newly diagnosed or recurrent GBMs for the last twenty years. It does not involve targeted immunotherapies and therapies targeting tumor cell metabolism, that are well documented in other reviews. Without surprise, the most frequently reported drugs are those targeting (i) EGFR (40 clinical trials), and more generally tyrosine kinase receptors (85 clinical trials) and (ii) VEGF/VEGFR (75 clinical trials of which 53 involving bevacizumab). But many other targets and drugs are of interest. They are all listed and thoroughly described, on an one-on-one basis, in four sections related to targeting (i) GBM stem cells and stem cell pathways, (ii) the growth autonomy and migration, (iii) the cell cycle and the escape to cell death, (iv) and angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Cruz Da Silva
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Marie-Cécile Mercier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Nelly Etienne-Selloum
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
- Service de Pharmacie, Institut de Cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, 67200 Strasbourg, France
| | - Monique Dontenwill
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
| | - Laurence Choulier
- CNRS, UMR 7021, Laboratoire de Bioimagerie et Pathologies, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, 67401 Illkirch, France; (E.C.D.S.); (M.-C.M.); (N.E.-S.); (M.D.)
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The Importance of Tumor Stem Cells in Glioblastoma Resistance to Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083863. [PMID: 33917954 PMCID: PMC8068366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is known to be the most common and lethal primary malignant brain tumor. Therapies against this neoplasia have a high percentage of failure, associated with the survival of self-renewing glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs), which repopulate treated tumors. In addition, despite new radical surgery protocols and the introduction of new anticancer drugs, protocols for treatment, and technical advances in radiotherapy, no significant improvement in the survival rate for GBMs has been realized. Thus, novel antitarget therapies could be used in conjunction with standard radiochemotherapy approaches. Targeted therapy, indeed, may address specific targets that play an essential role in the proliferation, survival, and invasiveness of GBM cells, including numerous molecules involved in signal transduction pathways. Significant cellular heterogeneity and the hierarchy with GSCs showing a therapy-resistant phenotype could explain tumor recurrence and local invasiveness and, therefore, may be a target for new therapies. Therefore, the forced differentiation of GSCs may be a promising new approach in GBM treatment. This article provides an updated review of the current standard and experimental therapies for GBM, as well as an overview of the molecular characteristics of GSCs, the mechanisms that activate resistance to current treatments, and a new antitumor strategy for treating GSCs for use as therapy.
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Hicks WH, Bird CE, Traylor JI, Shi DD, El Ahmadieh TY, Richardson TE, McBrayer SK, Abdullah KG. Contemporary Mouse Models in Glioma Research. Cells 2021; 10:cells10030712. [PMID: 33806933 PMCID: PMC8004772 DOI: 10.3390/cells10030712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite advances in understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of glioma, outcomes remain dismal. Developing successful treatments for glioma requires faithful in vivo disease modeling and rigorous preclinical testing. Murine models, including xenograft, syngeneic, and genetically engineered models, are used to study glioma-genesis, identify methods of tumor progression, and test novel treatment strategies. Since the discovery of highly recurrent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutations in lower-grade gliomas, there is increasing emphasis on effective modeling of IDH mutant brain tumors. Improvements in preclinical models that capture the phenotypic and molecular heterogeneity of gliomas are critical for the development of effective new therapies. Herein, we explore the current status, advancements, and challenges with contemporary murine glioma models.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Hicks
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Cylaina E. Bird
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Jeffrey I. Traylor
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Diana D. Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Tarek Y. El Ahmadieh
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
| | - Timothy E. Richardson
- Department of Pathology, Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX 75229, USA;
| | - Samuel K. McBrayer
- Children’s Medical Center Research Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
- Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.)
| | - Kalil G. Abdullah
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA; (W.H.H.); (C.E.B.); (J.I.T.); (T.Y.E.A.)
- Harrold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Peter O’Donnell Jr. Brain Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.M.); (K.G.A.)
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Anastasis in Glioblastoma, Brain Cancer Stem, and Brain Stem Cells. JOURNAL OF BASIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH SCIENCES 2021. [DOI: 10.30621/jbachs.854986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Giesen B, Nickel AC, Barthel J, Kahlert UD, Janiak C. Augmented Therapeutic Potential of Glutaminase Inhibitor CB839 in Glioblastoma Stem Cells Using Gold Nanoparticle Delivery. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:295. [PMID: 33672398 PMCID: PMC7926460 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13020295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) are studied as delivery systems to enhance the effect of the glutaminase1 inhibitor CB839, a promising drug candidate already in clinical trials for tumor treatments. Au NPs were synthesized using a bottom-up approach and covered with polymers able to bind CB839 as a Au-polymer-CB839 conjugate. The drug loading efficiency (DLE) was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography and characterization of the CB839-loaded NPs was done with various microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Despite the chemical inertness of CB839, Au NPs were efficient carriers with a DLE of up to 12%, depending on the polymer used. The therapeutic effect of CB839 with and without Au was assessed in vitro in 2D and 3D glioblastoma (GBM) cell models using different assays based on the colony formation ability of GBM stem cells (GSCs). To avoid readout disturbances from the Au metal, viability methods which do not require optical detection were hereby optimized. These showed that Au NP delivery increased the efficacy of CB839 in GSCs, compared to CB839 alone. Fluorescent microscopy proved successful NP penetration into the GSCs. With this first attempt to combine CB839 with Au nanotechnology, we hope to overcome delivery hurdles of this pharmacotherapy and increase bioavailability in target sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Giesen
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Ann-Christin Nickel
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
| | - Juri Barthel
- Ernst Ruska-Centrum für Mikroskopie und Spektroskopie mit Elektronen (ER-C 2), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
| | - Ulf Dietrich Kahlert
- Klinik für Neurochirurgie, Medizinische Fakultät, Universitätsklinikum Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany;
- Deutsches Konsortium für Translationale Krebsforschung (DKTK), 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 40204 Düsseldorf, Germany;
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Di Giuseppe F, Carluccio M, Zuccarini M, Giuliani P, Ricci-Vitiani L, Pallini R, De Sanctis P, Di Pietro R, Ciccarelli R, Angelucci S. Proteomic Characterization of Two Extracellular Vesicle Subtypes Isolated from Human Glioblastoma Stem Cell Secretome by Sequential Centrifugal Ultrafiltration. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020146. [PMID: 33546239 PMCID: PMC7913340 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) released from tumor cells are actively investigated, since molecules therein contained and likely transferred to neighboring cells, supplying them with oncogenic information/functions, may represent cancer biomarkers and/or druggable targets. Here, we characterized by a proteomic point of view two EV subtypes isolated by sequential centrifugal ultrafiltration technique from culture medium of glioblastoma (GBM)-derived stem-like cells (GSCs) obtained from surgical specimens of human GBM, the most aggressive and lethal primary brain tumor. Electron microscopy and western blot analysis distinguished them into microvesicles (MVs) and exosomes (Exos). Two-dimensional electrophoresis followed by MALDI TOF analysis allowed us to identify, besides a common pool, sets of proteins specific for each EV subtypes with peculiar differences in their molecular/biological functions. Such a diversity was confirmed by identification of some top proteins selected in MVs and Exos. They were mainly chaperone or metabolic enzymes in MVs, whereas, in Exos, molecules are involved in cell-matrix adhesion, cell migration/aggressiveness, and chemotherapy resistance. These proteins, identified by EVs from primary GSCs and not GBM cell lines, could be regarded as new possible prognostic markers/druggable targets of the human tumor, although data need to be confirmed in EVs isolated from a greater GSC number.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Di Giuseppe
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Marzia Carluccio
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Patricia Giuliani
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Ricci-Vitiani
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Via Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy;
| | - Roberto Pallini
- Institute of Neurosurgery, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Agostino Gemelli 8, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paolo De Sanctis
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberta Di Pietro
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Renata Ciccarelli
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefania Angelucci
- Department of Innovative Technologies in Medicine and Dentistry, ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology (CAST), ‘G. d’Annunzio’ University of Chieti-Pescara, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (M.C.); (M.Z.); (P.G.); (P.D.S.); (R.D.P.); (R.C.)
- Stem TeCh Group, Via L Polacchi 13, 66100 Chieti, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0871541482
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Lombard A, Digregorio M, Delcamp C, Rogister B, Piette C, Coppieters N. The Subventricular Zone, a Hideout for Adult and Pediatric High-Grade Glioma Stem Cells. Front Oncol 2021; 10:614930. [PMID: 33575218 PMCID: PMC7870981 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.614930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Both in adult and children, high-grade gliomas (WHO grades III and IV) account for a high proportion of death due to cancer. This poor prognosis is a direct consequence of tumor recurrences occurring within few months despite a multimodal therapy consisting of a surgical resection followed by chemotherapy and radiotherapy. There is increasing evidence that glioma stem cells (GSCs) contribute to tumor recurrences. In fact, GSCs can migrate out of the tumor mass and reach the subventricular zone (SVZ), a neurogenic niche persisting after birth. Once nested in the SVZ, GSCs can escape a surgical intervention and resist to treatments. The present review will define GSCs and describe their similarities with neural stem cells, residents of the SVZ. The architectural organization of the SVZ will be described both for humans and rodents. The migratory routes taken by GSCs to reach the SVZ and the signaling pathways involved in their migration will also be described hereafter. In addition, we will debate the advantages of the microenvironment provided by the SVZ for GSCs and how this could contribute to tumor recurrences. Finally, we will discuss the clinical relevance of the SVZ in adult GBM and pediatric HGG and the therapeutic advantages of targeting that neurogenic region in both clinical situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Lombard
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurosurgery, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Marina Digregorio
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Clément Delcamp
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Bernard Rogister
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Neurology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Caroline Piette
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology-Oncology, CHU of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Natacha Coppieters
- Laboratory of Nervous System Disorders and Therapy, Groupement Interdisciplinaire de Génoprotéomique Appliquée (GIGA)-Neurosciences Research Centre, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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Corsini M, Ravelli C, Grillo E, Dell'Era P, Presta M, Mitola S. Simultaneously characterization of tumoral angiogenesis and vasculogenesis in stem cell-derived teratomas. Exp Cell Res 2021; 400:112490. [PMID: 33484747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Tumor neovascularization may occur via both angiogenic and vasculogenic events. In order to investigate the vessel formation during tumor growth, we developed a novel experimental model that takes into account the differentiative and tumorigenic properties of Embryonic Stem cells (ESCs). Leukemia Inhibitory Factor-deprived murine ESCs were grafted on the top of the chick embryo chorionallantoic membrane (CAM) in ovo. Cell grafts progressively grew, forming a vascularized mass within 10 days. At this stage, the grafts are formed by cells with differentiative features representative of all three germ layers, thus originating teratomas, a germinal cell tumor. In addition, ESC supports neovascular events by recruiting host capillaries from surrounding tissue that infiltrates the tumor mass. Moreover, immunofluorescence studies demonstrate that perfused active blood vessels within the tumor are of both avian and murine origin because of the simultaneous occurrence of angiogenic and vasculogenic events. In conclusion, the chick embryo ESC/CAM-derived teratoma model may represent a useful approach to investigate both vasculogenic and angiogenic events during tumor growth and for the study of natural and synthetic modulators of the two processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Corsini
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Via Branze 39, 25123, Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine (MPP Lab), University of Brescia, Italy.
| | - Cosetta Ravelli
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Via Branze 39, 25123, Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine (MPP Lab), University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Grillo
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Via Branze 39, 25123, Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Patrizia Dell'Era
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Via Branze 39, 25123, Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; cFRU Lab, Università degli Studi di Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Presta
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Via Branze 39, 25123, Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Mitola
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Via Branze 39, 25123, Brescia, University of Brescia, Italy; Laboratory for Preventive and Personalized Medicine (MPP Lab), University of Brescia, Italy.
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A contemporary update on glioblastoma: molecular biology, current management, and a vision towards bio-adaptable personalized care. J Neurooncol 2021; 151:103-112. [PMID: 33394264 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-020-03671-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most fatal brain tumor in adults. Current survival rates of GBM remain below 2 years due to GBM's aggressive cellular migration and genetically driven treatment escape pathways. Despite our rapidly increasing understanding of GBM biology, earlier diagnoses, and refined surgical techniques, only moderate survival benefits have been achieved. Nonetheless, the pressing need for better survival rates has brought forward a multitude of newer therapeutic approaches and opened the door for potential personalization of these modalities in the near future. METHODS We reviewed the published literature discussing the current state of knowledge regarding GBM biology and therapy and summarized the information that may point toward future personalized therapeutic strategies. RESULTS Several novel modalities such as oncolytic viruses, targeted immune, and molecular therapies, and tumor treating fields have been introduced. To date, there is no single treatment modality for GBM, but rather a wide spectrum of combined modalities that address intratumoral cellular and genetic variabilities. While the current state of GBM research and clinical trial landscape may hold promise, current literature lacks any fruitful progress towards personalized GBM therapy. CONCLUSION In this review, we are discussing our recent knowledge of the GBM genetic biologic landscape and the current advances in therapy, as well as providing a blueprint for an envisioned GBM management paradigm that should be personalized and adaptable to accommodate each patient's diverse genetic variations and therapy response/escape patterns.
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Bou-Gharios J, Assi S, Bahmad HF, Kharroubi H, Araji T, Chalhoub RM, Ballout F, Harati H, Fares Y, Abou-Kheir W. The potential use of tideglusib as an adjuvant radio-therapeutic treatment for glioblastoma multiforme cancer stem-like cells. Pharmacol Rep 2020; 73:227-239. [PMID: 33140310 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-020-00180-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), a stage IV astrocytoma, is the most common brain malignancy among adults. Conventional treatments of surgical resection followed by radio and/or chemotherapy fail to completely eradicate the tumor. Resistance to the currently available therapies is mainly attributed to a subpopulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) present within the tumor bulk that self-renew leading to tumor relapse with time. Therefore, identification of characteristic markers specific to these cells is crucial for the development of targeted therapies. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3), a serine-threonine kinase, is deregulated in a wide range of diseases, including cancer. In GBM, GSK-3β is overexpressed and its suppression in vitro has been shown to induce apoptosis of cancer cells. METHODS In our study, we assessed the effect of GSK-3β inhibition with Tideglusib (TDG), an irreversible non-ATP competitive inhibitor, using two human GBM cell lines, U-251 MG and U-118 MG. In addition, we combined TDG with radiotherapy to assess whether this inhibition enhances the effect of standard treatment. RESULTS Our results showed that TDG significantly reduced cell proliferation, cell viability, and migration of both GBM cell lines in a dose- and time-dependent manner in vitro. Treatment with TDG alone and in combination with radiation significantly decreased the colony formation of U-251 MG cells and the sphere formation of both cell lines, by targeting and reducing their glioblastoma cancer stem-like cells (GSCs) population. Finally, cells treated with TDG showed an increased level of unrepaired radio-induced DNA damage and, thus, became sensitized toward radiation. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, TDG has proven its effectiveness in targeting the cancerous properties of GBM in vitro and may, hence, serve as a potential adjuvant radio-therapeutic agent to better target this deadly tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolie Bou-Gharios
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Chair of Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sahar Assi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hisham F Bahmad
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Arkadi M. Rywlin M.D. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, Miami Beach, FL, USA
| | - Hussein Kharroubi
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Tarek Araji
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Reda M Chalhoub
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
- Medical Scientist Training Program, College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Farah Ballout
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon
| | - Hayat Harati
- Chair of Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Fares
- Chair of Neurosurgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Wassim Abou-Kheir
- Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, DTS Bldg, Room 116-B, Riad el Solh, PO Box 110236/41, Beirut, 1107-2020, Lebanon.
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Singh P, Singh A, Shah S, Vataliya J, Mittal A, Chitkara D. RNA Interference Nanotherapeutics for Treatment of Glioblastoma Multiforme. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:4040-4066. [PMID: 32902291 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.0c00709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nucleic acid therapeutics for RNA interference (RNAi) are gaining attention in the treatment and management of several kinds of the so-called "undruggable" tumors via targeting specific molecular pathways or oncogenes. Synthetic ribonucleic acid (RNAs) oligonucleotides like siRNA, miRNA, shRNA, and lncRNA have shown potential as novel therapeutics. However, the delivery of such oligonucleotides is significantly hampered by their physiochemical (such as hydrophilicity, negative charge, and instability) and biopharmaceutical features (in vivo serum stability, fast renal clearance, interaction with extracellular proteins, and hindrance in cellular internalization) that markedly reduce their biological activity. Recently, several nanocarriers have evolved as suitable non-viral vectors for oligonucleotide delivery, which are known to either complex or conjugate with these oligonucleotides efficiently and also overcome the extracellular and intracellular barriers, thereby allowing access to the tumoral micro-environment for the better and desired outcome in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). This Review focuses on the up-to-date advancements in the field of RNAi nanotherapeutics utilized for GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhjeet Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Aditi Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Shruti Shah
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Jalpa Vataliya
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Anupama Mittal
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Deepak Chitkara
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS) Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani - 333 031, Rajasthan, India
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Alarcón S, Toro MDLÁ, Villarreal C, Melo R, Fernández R, Ayuso Sacido A, Uribe D, San Martín R, Quezada C. Decreased Equilibrative Nucleoside Transporter 1 (ENT1) Activity Contributes to the High Extracellular Adenosine Levels in Mesenchymal Glioblastoma Stem-Like Cells. Cells 2020; 9:E1914. [PMID: 32824670 PMCID: PMC7463503 DOI: 10.3390/cells9081914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme is one of the most malignant types of cancer. This is mainly due to a cell subpopulation with an extremely aggressive potential, called glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs). These cells produce high levels of extracellular adenosine which has been associated with increased chemoresistance, migration, and invasion in glioblastoma. In this study, we attempted to elucidate the mechanisms that control extracellular adenosine levels in GSC subtypes. By using primary and U87MG-derived GSCs, we associated increased extracellular adenosine with the mesenchymal phenotype. [3H]-adenosine uptake occurred mainly through the equilibrative nucleoside transporters (ENTs) in GSCs, but mesenchymal GSCs have lower expression and ENT1-mediated uptake activity than proneural GSCs. By analyzing expression and enzymatic activity, we determined that ecto-5'-nucleotidase (CD73) is predominantly expressed in proneural GSCs, driving AMPase activity. While in mesenchymal GSCs, both CD73 and Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) contribute to the AMP (adenosine monophosphate) hydrolysis. We did not observe significant differences between the expression of proteins involved in the metabolization of adenosine among the GCSs subtypes. In conclusion, the lower expression and activity of the ENT1 transporter in mesenchymal GSCs contributes to the high level of extracellular adenosine that these GSCs present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastián Alarcón
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - María de los Ángeles Toro
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Carolina Villarreal
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rómulo Melo
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Rodrigo Fernández
- Servicio de Neurocirugía, Instituto de Neurocirugía Dr. Asenjo, Santiago 7500691, Chile; (R.M.); (R.F.)
| | - Angel Ayuso Sacido
- Brain Tumour Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043 Madrid, Spain;
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223 Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Uribe
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Rody San Martín
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
| | - Claudia Quezada
- Laboratorio de Biología Tumoral, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; (S.A.); (M.d.l.Á.T.); (C.V.); (D.U.); (R.S.M.)
- Instituto Milenio de Inmunología e Inmunoterapia, Santiago 8320000, Chile
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42
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Wallenborn M, Xu LX, Kirsten H, Rohani L, Rudolf D, Ahnert P, Schmidt C, Schulz RM, Richter M, Krupp W, Mueller W, Johnson AA, Meixensberger J, Holland H. Molecular analyses of glioblastoma stem-like cells and glioblastoma tissue. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0234986. [PMID: 32634135 PMCID: PMC7340312 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0234986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a common, malignant brain tumor whose disease incidence increases with age. Glioblastoma stem-like cells (GSCs) are thought to contribute to cancer therapy resistance and to be responsible for tumor initiation, maintenance, and recurrence. This study utilizes both SNP array and gene expression profiling to better understand GSCs and their relation to malignant disease. Peripheral blood and primary glioblastoma tumor tissue were obtained from patients, the latter of which was used to generate GSCs as well as a CD133pos./CD15pos. subpopulation. The stem cell features of GSCs were confirmed via the immunofluorescent expression of Nestin, SOX2, and CD133. Both tumor tissue and the isolated primary cells shared unique abnormal genomic characteristics, including a gain of chromosome 7 as well as either a partial or complete loss of chromosome 10. Individual genomic differences were also observed, including the loss of chromosome 4 and segmental uniparental disomy of 9p24.3→p21.3 in GSCs. Gene expression profiling revealed 418 genes upregulated in tumor tissue vs. CD133pos./CD15pos. cells and 44 genes upregulated in CD133pos./CD15pos. cells vs. tumor tissue. Pathway analyses demonstrated that upregulated genes in CD133pos./CD15pos. cells are relevant to cell cycle processes and cancerogenesis. In summary, we detected previously undescribed genomic and gene expression differences when comparing tumor tissue and isolated stem-like subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Wallenborn
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Li-Xin Xu
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- LIFE Research Centre for Civilization Diseases, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Leili Rohani
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada
| | - Daniela Rudolf
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Ahnert
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny M. Schulz
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- Clinic of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Richter
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Krupp
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wolf Mueller
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Adiv A. Johnson
- Nikon Instruments, Melville, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Heidrun Holland
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Simon T, Jackson E, Giamas G. Breaking through the glioblastoma micro-environment via extracellular vesicles. Oncogene 2020; 39:4477-4490. [PMID: 32366909 PMCID: PMC7269906 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-020-1308-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive brain tumour. Prognosis remains poor, despite the combined treatment of radio- and chemotherapy following surgical removal. GBM cells coexist with normal non-neoplastic cells, including endothelial cells, astrocytes and immune cells, constituting a complex and dynamic tumour micro-environment (TME). Extracellular vesicles (EVs) provide a critical means of bidirectional inter-cellular communication in the TME. Through delivery of a diverse range of genomic, lipidomic and proteomic cargo to neighbouring and distant cells, EVs can alter the phenotype and function of the recipient cell. As such, EVs have demonstrated their role in promoting angiogenesis, immune suppression, invasion, migration, drug resistance and GBM recurrence. Moreover, EVs can reflect the phenotype of the cells within the TME. Thus, in conjunction with their accessibility in biofluids, they can potentially serve as a biomarker reservoir for patient prognosis, diagnosis and predictive therapeutic response as well as treatment follow-up. Furthermore, together with the ability of EVs to cross the blood-brain barrier undeterred and through the exploitation of their cargo, EVs may provide an effective mean of drug delivery to the target site. Unveiling the mechanisms by which EVs within the GBM TME are secreted and target recipient cells may offer an indispensable understanding of GBM that holds the potential to provide a better prognosis and overall quality of life for GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
| | - Ellen Jackson
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, BN1 9QG, UK.
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Martelli C, King A, Simon T, Giamas G. Graphene-Induced Transdifferentiation of Cancer Stem Cells as a Therapeutic Strategy against Glioblastoma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:3258-3269. [PMID: 33463176 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c00197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an extremely malignant tumor of the central nervous system, characterized by low response to treatments and reoccurrence. This therapeutic resistance is believed to arise mostly from the presence of a subpopulation of tumorigenic stem cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs). In addition, the surrounding microenvironment is known to maintain CSCs, thus supporting tumor development and aggressiveness. This review focuses on a therapeutic strategy involving the stem cell trans-differentiating ability of graphene and its derivatives. Graphene distinguishes itself from other carbon-based nanomaterials due to an array of properties that makes it suitable for many purposes, from bioengineering to biomedical applications. Studies have shown that graphene is able to promote and direct the differentiation of CSCs. In addition, potential usage of graphene in GBM treatment represents a challenge in respect to its administration method. The present review also provides a general outlook of the potential side effects (e.g., cell toxicity) that graphene could have. Overall, this report discusses certain graphene-based therapeutic strategies targeting CSCs, which can be considered as prospective effective GBM treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Martelli
- University College London, Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London WC1N 3BG, U.K
| | - Alice King
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Thomas Simon
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
| | - Georgios Giamas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedicine, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, U.K
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45
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Zhang M, Wang X, Chen X, Guo F, Hong J. Prognostic Value of a Stemness Index-Associated Signature in Primary Lower-Grade Glioma. Front Genet 2020; 11:441. [PMID: 32431729 PMCID: PMC7216823 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective As a prevalent and infiltrative cancer type of the central nervous system, the prognosis of lower-grade glioma (LGG) in adults is highly heterogeneous. Recent evidence has demonstrated the prognostic value of the mRNA expression-based stemness index (mRNAsi) in LGG. Our aim was to develop a stemness index-based signature (SI-signature) for risk stratification and survival prediction. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between LGG in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and normal brain tissue samples from the Genotype-Tissue Expression (GTEx) project were screened out, and the weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was employed to identify the mRNAsi-related gene sets. Meanwhile, the Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes enrichment analyses were performed for the functional annotation of the key genes. ESTIMATE was used to calculate tumor purity for acquiring the correct mRNAsi. Differences in overall survival (OS) between the high and low mRNAsi (corrected mRNAsi) groups were compared using the Kaplan Meier analysis. By combining the Lasso regression with univariate and multivariate Cox regression, the SI-signature was constructed and validated using the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA). Results There was a significant difference in OS between the high and low mRNAsi groups, which was also observed in the two corrected mRNAsi groups. Based on threshold limits, 86 DEGs were most significantly associated with mRNAsi via WGCNA. Seven genes (ADAP2, ALOX5AP, APOBEC3C, FCGRT, GNG5, LRRC25, and SP100) were selected to establish a risk signature for primary LGG. The ROC curves showed a fair performance in survival prediction in both the TCGA and the CGGA validation cohorts. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression revealed that the risk group was an independent prognostic factor in primary LGG. The nomogram was developed based on clinical parameters integrated with the risk signature, and its accuracy for predicting 3- and 5-years survival was assessed by the concordance index, the area under the curve of the time-dependent receiver operating characteristics curve, and calibration curves. Conclusion The SI-signature with seven genes could serve as an independent predictor, and suggests the importance of stemness features in risk stratification and survival prediction in primary LGG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Zhang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Institute of Immunotherapy, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xuezhen Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoping Chen
- Department of Statistics, College of Mathematics and Informatics & FJKLMAA, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feibao Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jinsheng Hong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Radiation Biology (Fujian Medical University), Fujian Province University, Fuzhou, China.,Fujian Key Laboratory of Individualized Active Immunotherapy, Fuzhou, China
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46
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Vollmann-Zwerenz A, Leidgens V, Feliciello G, Klein CA, Hau P. Tumor Cell Invasion in Glioblastoma. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1932. [PMID: 32178267 PMCID: PMC7139341 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21061932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a particularly devastating tumor with a median survival of about 16 months. Recent research has revealed novel insights into the outstanding heterogeneity of this type of brain cancer. However, all GBM subtypes share the hallmark feature of aggressive invasion into the surrounding tissue. Invasive glioblastoma cells escape surgery and focal therapies and thus represent a major obstacle for curative therapy. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of glioma invasion mechanisms with respect to tumor-cell-intrinsic properties as well as cues provided by the microenvironment. We discuss genetic programs that may influence the dissemination and plasticity of GBM cells as well as their different invasion patterns. We also review how tumor cells shape their microenvironment and how, vice versa, components of the extracellular matrix and factors from non-neoplastic cells influence tumor cell motility. We further discuss different research platforms for modeling invasion. Finally, we highlight the importance of accounting for the complex interplay between tumor cell invasion and treatment resistance in glioblastoma when considering new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabel Vollmann-Zwerenz
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
| | - Verena Leidgens
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
| | - Giancarlo Feliciello
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.F.); (C.A.K.)
| | - Christoph A. Klein
- Fraunhofer-Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Division of Personalized Tumor Therapy, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (G.F.); (C.A.K.)
- Experimental Medicine and Therapy Research, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Peter Hau
- Department of Neurology and Wilhelm Sander-NeuroOncology Unit, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (A.V.-Z.); (V.L.)
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47
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Bartek J, Merchut-Maya JM, Maya-Mendoza A, Fornara O, Rahbar A, Bröchner CB, Sehested A, Söderberg-Nauclér C, Bartek J, Bartkova J. Cancer cell stemness, responses to experimental genotoxic treatments, cytomegalovirus protein expression and DNA replication stress in pediatric medulloblastomas. Cell Cycle 2020; 19:727-741. [PMID: 32054408 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2020.1728025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite recent progress in research on brain tumors, including identification of cancer stem-like cells (CSCs), little is known about the interplay of stemness with the commonly observed infection by the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) and the widespread features of replication stress in these malignancies. To shed more light on these outstanding issues, here we combine immunohistochemical analysis of archival clinical specimens from a cohort of 25 human pediatric medulloblastomas, complemented by functional experiments and analytical approaches to examine three medulloblastoma cell lines. In the clinical samples, we find consistent, yet individually variable subsets of CSCs expressing the stem-cell markers CD133 and CD15, and a candidate marker VEGFR2, across the spectrum of endogenous DNA damage (γH2AX), expression of HCMV immediate early and late proteins, proliferation rate (Ki67) or molecular class of MB. Contrary to MB cell lines DAOY and D324, the D283 cells showed pronounced phenotypic features of stemness, associated with enhanced endogenous DNA damage, exceptionally high susceptibility to infection with HCMV, unorthodox signaling pathway response to ionizing radiation and hyperactive response to hydroxyurea-induced replication stress. Notably, single-molecule DNA fiber analysis revealed aberrantly slow replication fork progression, pronounced fork asymmetry and inability to timely recover from drug-induced fork stalling in stem-like D283 cells, all hallmarks of pronounced chronic replication stress and propensity to genomic instability. These findings provide insights into human medulloblastoma stemness phenotypes, with various susceptibilities to infection by HCMV and impact on replication fork (mal)function, with implications for better understanding pathogenesis and responses to treatment in pediatric brain malignancies.Abbreviations: CSC: cancer stem-like cells; FBS: fetal bovine serum; HCMV: human cytomegalovirus; MB: medulloblastoma; MBSC: medulloblastoma stem cells; MOI: multiplicity of infection; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; RPA: replication protein A; RS: replication stress; SHH: sonic hedgehog; VEGFR2: vascular endothelia growth factor receptor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Bartek
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Olesja Fornara
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Afsar Rahbar
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Astrid Sehested
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilia Söderberg-Nauclér
- Department of Medicine, Unit of Microbial Pathogenesis, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Neurosurgery, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jirina Bartkova
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Division of Genome Biology, Science for Life Laboratory, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wu J, Zhou W, Tian J, Guo S, Jia SS, Meng Z, Ni M. A bioinformatics investigation into the pharmacological mechanisms of the effect of the Yinchenhao decoction on hepatitis C based on network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:50. [PMID: 32050950 PMCID: PMC7076901 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2823-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Globally, more than 170 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus, a major cause of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Yinchenhao Decoction (YCHD) is a classic formula comprising three herbal medicines. This decoction have long been used in China for clinically treating acute and chronic infectious hepatitis and other liver and gallbladder damp heat-accumulation disorders. Methods In this study, we identified 32 active ingredients and 200 hepatitis C proteins and established a compound-predicted target network and a hepatitis C protein–protein interaction network by using Cytoscape 3.6.1. Then, we systematically analyzed the potential targets of the YCHD for the treatment of hepatitis C. Finally, molecular docking was applied to verify the key targets. In addition, we analyzed the mechanism of action of the predicted targets by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and gene ontology analyses. Results This study adopted a network pharmacology approach, mainly comprising target prediction, network construction, module detection, functional enrichment analysis, and molecular docking to systematically investigate the mechanisms of action of the YCHD in hepatitis C. The targets of the YCHD in the treatment of hepatitis C mainly involved PIK3CG, CASP3, BCL2, CASP8, and MMP1. The module and pathway enrichment analyses showed that the YCHD had the potential to influence varieties of biological pathways, including the TNF signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, FoxO signaling pathway, and pathways in cancer, that play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C. Conclusion The results of this study preliminarily verified the basic pharmacological effects and related mechanisms of the YCHD in the treatment of hepatitis C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Xinkui Liu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jiarui Wu
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Jinhui Tian
- Evidence-Based Medicine Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Lanzhou University, 222 Tianshui South Road, Lanzhou City, China
| | - Siyu Guo
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Shan Shan Jia
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Ziqi Meng
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
| | - Mengwei Ni
- Department of Clinical Chinese Pharmacy, School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, No. 11 of North Three-ring East Road, Chao Yang District, Beijing, China
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Rezaei V, Rabiee A, Khademi F. Glioblastoma multiforme: a glance at advanced therapies based on nanotechnology. J Chemother 2020; 32:107-117. [PMID: 31984871 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2020.1713508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM, grade IV) is the most common malignant and invasive central nervous system tumor with poor survival outcome. Various pathogenesis signatures such as genetic mutation, hypoxia, necrosis and neo-angiogenesis are involved in GBM. Standard treatment includes surgical resection along with radiation therapy and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy that do not improve the overall survival of patients. In this review, we focused on the diagnosis, risk factors and novel therapies, using advanced therapies such as nanotechnology in drug delivery, gene therapy and hyperthermia that have promising roles in the treatment of aggressive brain tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Rezaei
- Department of Medical Nanotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amir Rabiee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Khademi
- Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Tea MN, Poonnoose SI, Pitson SM. Targeting the Sphingolipid System as a Therapeutic Direction for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12010111. [PMID: 31906280 PMCID: PMC7017054 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12010111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Revised: 12/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most commonly diagnosed malignant brain tumor in adults. The prognosis for patients with GBM remains poor and largely unchanged over the last 30 years, due to the limitations of existing therapies. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are desperately required. Sphingolipids are highly enriched in the brain, forming the structural components of cell membranes, and are major lipid constituents of the myelin sheaths of nerve axons, as well as playing critical roles in cell signaling. Indeed, a number of sphingolipids elicit a variety of cellular responses involved in the development and progression of GBM. Here, we discuss the role of sphingolipids in the pathobiology of GBM, and how targeting sphingolipid metabolism has emerged as a promising approach for the treatment of GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melinda N. Tea
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
| | - Santosh I. Poonnoose
- Department of Neurosurgery, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Stuart M. Pitson
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia and SA Pathology, UniSA CRI Building, North Tce, Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia;
- Adelaide Medical School and School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, SA 5001, Australia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-8-8302-7832; Fax: +61-8-8302-9246
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