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Tao Y, Wang L, Ye X, Qian X, Pan D, Dong X, Jiang Q, Hu P. Huang Qin decoction increases SLC6A4 expression and blocks the NFκB-mediated NLRP3/Caspase1/GSDMD pathway to disrupt colitis-associated carcinogenesis. Funct Integr Genomics 2024; 24:55. [PMID: 38467948 PMCID: PMC10927794 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-024-01334-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
Huang Qin decoction (HQD) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula for treating colitis, but the effects and molecular mechanism of action of HQD in colitis-associated carcinogenesis (CAC) are still unclear. Therefore, we aimed to determine the beneficial effects of HQD on CAC in mice and to reveal the underlying mechanism involved. AOM/DSS was used to induce CAC in mice, and the effects of HQD on tumorigenesis in mice were examined (with mesalazine serving as a positive control). Mesalazine or HQD treatment alleviated body weight loss and decreased the disease activity index in mice induced by AOM/DSS. Mesalazine or HQD treatment also suppressed the shortening of colon tissue length, the number of tumors, and the infiltration of inflammatory cells. The genes targeted by HQD were predicted and verified, followed by knockout experiments. Elevated SLC6A4 and inhibited serotonin production and inflammation were observed in HQD-treated mice. HQD inhibited the NFκB and NLRP3/caspase1/GSDMD pathways. The therapeutic effect of HQD was diminished in SLC6A4-deficient AOM/DSS mice. Additionally, the downregulation of SLC6A4 mitigated the inhibitory effect of HQD-containing serum on MODE-K cell pyroptosis. Our findings suggest that SLC6A4 is a pivotal regulator of HQD-alleviated CAC via its modulation of the NLRP3/caspase1/GSDMD pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yili Tao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Lai Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofeng Ye
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xin Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Danye Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoyu Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Qian Jiang
- Digestive Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Po Hu
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, Changzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changzhou, 213000, Jiangsu, P.R. China.
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Functional metabolomics reveal the role of AHR/GPR35 mediated kynurenic acid gradient sensing in chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:763-780. [PMID: 33777681 PMCID: PMC7982426 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 07/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal toxicity induced by chemotherapeutics has become an important reason for the interruption of therapy and withdrawal of approved agents. In this study, we demonstrated that chemotherapeutics-induced intestinal damage were commonly characterized by the sharp upregulation of tryptophan (Trp)−kynurenine (KYN)−kynurenic acid (KA) axis metabolism. Mechanistically, chemotherapy-induced intestinal damage triggered the formation of an interleukin-6 (IL-6)−indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 (IDO1)−aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) positive feedback loop, which accelerated kynurenine pathway metabolism in gut. Besides, AHR and G protein-coupled receptor 35 (GPR35) negative feedback regulates intestinal damage and inflammation to maintain intestinal integrity and homeostasis through gradually sensing kynurenic acid level in gut and macrophage, respectively. Moreover, based on virtual screening and biological verification, vardenafil and linagliptin as GPR35 and AHR agonists respectively were discovered from 2388 approved drugs. Importantly, the results that vardenafil and linagliptin significantly alleviated chemotherapy-induced intestinal toxicity in vivo suggests that chemotherapeutics combined with the two could be a promising therapeutic strategy for cancer patients in clinic. This work highlights GPR35 and AHR as the guardian of kynurenine pathway metabolism and core component of defense responses against intestinal damage.
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Key Words
- 1-MT, 1-methyl-tryptophan
- AG, AG490
- AHR
- AHR, aryl hydrocarbon receptor
- ARNT, aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear translocator
- BCA, bicinchoninic acid
- BSA, bovine serum albumin
- CH, CH223191
- CPT-11, irinotecan
- CYP1A1, cytochrome P450 1A1
- DAI, disease activity index
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- DPP-4, dipeptidyl peptidase-4
- DRE, dioxin response elements
- DSS, dextran sulphate sodium
- Dens-Cl, N-diethyl-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride
- Dns-Cl, N-dimethyl-amino naphthalene-1-sulfonyl chloride
- ECL, enhanced chemiluminescence
- ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- ERK1/2, extracellular regulated protein kinases 1/2
- ESI, electrospray ionization
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- GE, gastric emptying
- GFP, green fluorescence protein
- GI, gastrointestinal transit
- GPR35
- GPR35, G protein-coupled receptor 35
- Gradually sensing
- HE, hematoxylin and eosin
- HRP, horseradish peroxi-dase
- IBD, inflammatory bowel disease
- IDO1, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1
- IL-6, interleukin-6
- IS, internal standard
- Intestinal toxicity
- JAK2, janus kinase 2
- KA, kynurenic acid
- KAT, kynurenine aminotransferase
- KYN, kynurenine
- Kynurenine pathway
- LC–MS, liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry
- LPS, lipopolysaccharides
- Linag, linagliptin
- MOE, molecular operating environment
- MOI, multiplicity of infection
- MRM, multiple-reaction monitoring
- MTT, thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide
- PBS, phosphate buffer saline
- PDB, protein data bank
- PDE5, phosphodiesterase type-5
- PF, PF-04859989
- PMA, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate
- PMSF, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride
- RIPA, radioimmunoprecipitation
- RPKM, reads per kilobase per million mapped reads
- RPMI 1640, Roswell Park Memorial Institute 1640
- RT-PCR, real-time polymerase chain reaction
- STAT3, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3
- Trp, tryptophan
- VCR, vincristine
- Vard, vardenafil
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Huang X, Chen Z, Li M, Zhang Y, Xu S, Huang H, Wu X, Zheng X. Herbal pair Huangqin-Baishao: mechanisms underlying inflammatory bowel disease by combined system pharmacology and cell experiment approach. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:292. [PMID: 32988394 PMCID: PMC7523401 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-03068-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a severe digestive system condition, characterized by chronic and relapsing inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi (Huangqin, HQ) and Paeonia lactiflora Pall (Baishao, BS) from a typical herbal synergic pair in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for IBD treatments. However, the mechanisms of action for the synergy are still unclear. Therefore, this paper aimed to predict the anti-IBD targets and the main active ingredients of the HQ-BS herbal pair. METHODS A systems pharmacology approach was used to identify the bioactive compounds and to delineate the molecular targets and potential pathways of HQ-BS herbal pair. Then, the characteristics of the candidates were analyzed according to their oral bioavailability and drug-likeness indices. Finally, gene enrichment analysis with DAVID Bioinformatics Resources was performed to identify the potential pathways associated with the candidate targets. RESULTS The results showed that, a total of 38 active compounds were obtained from HQ-BS herbal pair, and 54 targets associated with IBD were identified. Gene Ontology and pathway enrichment analysis yielded the top 20 significant results with 54 targets. Furthermore, the integrated IBD pathway revealed that the HQ-BS herbal pair probably acted in patients with IBD through multiple mechanisms of regulation of the nitric oxide biosynthetic process and anti-inflammatory effects. In addition, cell experiments were carried out to verify that the HQ-BS herbal pair and their Q-markers could attenuate the levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophage inflammation. In particular, the crude materials exerted a much better anti-inflammatory effect than their Q-markers, which might be due to their synergistic effect. CONCLUSION This study provides novel insight into the molecular pathways involved in the mechanisms of the HQ-BS herbal pair acting on IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Huang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232# Wai Huan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Minyao Li
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232# Wai Huan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaomin Zhang
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232# Wai Huan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232# Wai Huan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haiyang Huang
- Dongguan Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, 100# Wai Huan West Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xuebao Zheng
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Chinese Medicinal Development and Research, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, 232# Wai Huan East Road, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
- Dongguan Songshan Lake Yi Dao TCM Clinic, Dongguan, 523808, China.
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Di S, Wang Y, Han L, Bao Q, Gao Z, Wang Q, Yang Y, Zhao L, Tong X. The Intervention Effect of Traditional Chinese Medicine on the Intestinal Flora and Its Metabolites in Glycolipid Metabolic Disorders. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2019; 2019:2958920. [PMID: 31275408 PMCID: PMC6582858 DOI: 10.1155/2019/2958920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MS), which includes metabolic disorders such as protein disorder, glucose disorder, lipid disorder, and carbohydrate disorder, has been growing rapidly around the world. Glycolipid disorders are a main type of metabolic syndrome and are characterized by abdominal obesity and abnormal metabolic disorders of lipid, glucose, and carbohydrate utilization, which can cause cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Glycolipid disorders are closely related to intestinal flora and its metabolites. However, studies about the biological mechanisms of the intestinal flora and its metabolites with glycolipid disorders have not been clear. When glycolipid disorders are treated with drugs, a challenging problem is side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and dietary supplements have fewer side effects to treat it. Numerous basic and clinical studies have confirmed that TCM decoctions, Chinese medicine monomers, or compounds can treat glycolipid disorders and reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease. In this study, we reviewed the relationship between the intestinal flora and its metabolites in glycolipid metabolic disorders and the effect of TCM in treating glycolipid metabolic disorders through the intestinal flora and its metabolites. This review provides new perspectives and strategies for future glycolipid disorders research and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sha Di
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Yitian Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Lin Han
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Qi Bao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Zezheng Gao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Linhua Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
| | - Xiaolin Tong
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100054, China
- Shenzhen Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 518034, China
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Lv Y, Hou X, Zhang Q, Li R, Xu L, Chen Y, Tian Y, Sun R, Zhang Z, Xu F. Untargeted Metabolomics Study of the In Vitro Anti-Hepatoma Effect of Saikosaponin d in Combination with NRP-1 Knockdown. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24071423. [PMID: 30978940 PMCID: PMC6480384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24071423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin d (SSd) is one of the main active ingredients in Radix Bupleuri. In our study, network pharmacology databases and metabolomics were used in combination to explore the new targets and reveal the in-depth mechanism of SSd. A total of 35 potential targets were chosen through database searching (HIT and TCMID), literature mining, or chemical similarity predicting (Pubchem). Out of these obtained targets, Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) was selected for further research based on the degree of molecular docking scores and novelty. Cell viability and wound healing assays demonstrated that SSd combined with NRP-1 knockdown could significantly enhance the damage of HepG2. Metabolomics analysis was then performed to explore the underlying mechanism. The overall difference between groups was quantitatively evaluated by the metabolite deregulation score (MDS). Results showed that NRP-1 knockdown exhibited the lowest MDS, which demonstrated that the metabolic profile experienced the slightest interference. However, SSd alone, or NRP-1 knockdown in combination with SSd, were both significantly influenced. Differential metabolites mainly involved short- or long-chain carnitines and phospholipids. Further metabolic pathway analysis revealed that disturbed lipid transportation and phospholipid metabolism probably contributed to the enhanced anti-hepatoma effect by NRP-1 knockdown in combination with SSd. Taken together, in this study, we provided possible interaction mechanisms between SSd and its predicted target NRP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingtong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qianqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Ruiting Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Lei Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yadong Chen
- Department of Organic Chemistry, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Rong Sun
- Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Tang L, Li X, Wan L, Xiao Y, Zeng X, Ding H. Herbal Medicines for Irinotecan-Induced Diarrhea. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:182. [PMID: 30983992 PMCID: PMC6450188 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Irinotecan (CPT-11), a water-soluble derivative of camptothecin, belongs to the class of DNA topoisomerase I inhibitors and has been approved worldwide for the treatment of advanced colorectal cancer, lung cancer, and malignant lymphoma. Although CPT-11-based chemotherapy is widely used, severe gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, especially late-onset diarrhea, is a common adverse reaction, limiting clinical application of the drug. The incidence of grade 3 or 4 diarrhea is high, with 20-40% of CPT-11-treated patients experiencing this adverse effect. High-dose loperamide and octreotide are generally recommended for treatment of CPT-11-induced diarrhea. However, in clinical practice, loperamide is associated with a significant failure rate and the beneficial effects of octreotide are controversial. An accumulating number of recent studies have suggested that medicinal herbs and their derived phytocompounds may be effective complementary treatments for CPT-11-induced diarrhea. In this mini-review, we briefly summarize currently available literatures regarding the formulae and herbs/natural products used as adjuvants in animal and clinical studies for the treatment of diarrhea caused by CPT-11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Tang
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaolei Li
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liping Wan
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xin Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Key Laboratory of Combinatorial Biosynthesis and Drug Discovery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Gao Y, Li W, Chen J, Wang X, Lv Y, Huang Y, Zhang Z, Xu F. Pharmacometabolomic prediction of individual differences of gastrointestinal toxicity complicating myelosuppression in rats induced by irinotecan. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:157-166. [PMID: 30766787 PMCID: PMC6362258 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacometabolomics has been already successfully used in toxicity prediction for one specific adverse effect. However in clinical practice, two or more different toxicities are always accompanied with each other, which puts forward new challenges for pharmacometabolomics. Gastrointestinal toxicity and myelosuppression are two major adverse effects induced by Irinotecan (CPT-11), and often show large individual differences. In the current study, a pharmacometabolomic study was performed to screen the exclusive biomarkers in predose serums which could predict late-onset diarrhea and myelosuppression of CPT-11 simultaneously. The severity and sensitivity differences in gastrointestinal toxicity and myelosuppression were judged by delayed-onset diarrhea symptoms, histopathology examination, relative cytokines and blood cell counts. Mass spectrometry-based non-targeted and targeted metabolomics were conducted in sequence to dissect metabolite signatures in predose serums. Eventually, two groups of metabolites were screened out as predictors for individual differences in late-onset diarrhea and myelosuppression using binary logistic regression, respectively. This result was compared with existing predictors and validated by another independent external validation set. Our study indicates the prediction of toxicity could be possible upon predose metabolic profile. Pharmacometabolomics can be a potentially useful tool for complicating toxicity prediction. Our findings also provide a new insight into CPT-11 precision medicine.
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Key Words
- AUC-ROC, area under receiver operating characteristic
- BHB, β-hydroxybutyric acid
- Biomarkers
- C, control group
- CA, cholic acid
- CPT-11, irinotecan
- Complicating toxicity
- DBIL, direct bilirubin
- DCA, deoxycholic acid
- Diarrhea
- FDR, false discovery rate
- GCA, glycocholic acid
- Gastrointestinal toxicity
- IBIL, indirect bilirubin
- IT-TOF/MS, ion trap/time-offlight hybrid mass spectrometry
- Individual differences
- Irinotecan
- Lys, lysine
- MSTFA, N-methyl-N-trifluoroacetamide
- Metabolomics
- NS, non-sensitive group
- NSgt, non-sensitive for gastrointestinal toxicity
- NSmt, non-sensitive for myelosuppression toxicity
- OPLS-DA, orthogonal partial least-squares-discriminant analysis
- PCA, principal component analysis
- PLS-DA, partial least-squares-discriminant analysis
- Phe, phenylalanine
- Prediction
- QC, quality control
- RSD, relative standard deviation
- S, sensitive group
- Sgt, sensitive for gastrointestinal toxicity
- Smt, sensitive for myelosuppression toxicity
- T, CPT-11 treated group
- Trp, tryptophan
- UFLC, ultrafast liquid chromatography
- VIP, variable importance in the projection
- pFDR, false-discovery-rate-adjusted P value
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jiaqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yingtong Lv
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yin Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zunjian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Fengguo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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Cai FF, Zhou WJ, Wu R, Su SB. Systems biology approaches in the study of Chinese herbal formulae. Chin Med 2018; 13:65. [PMID: 30619503 PMCID: PMC6311004 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-018-0221-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Systems biology is an academic field that attempts to integrate different levels of information to understand how biological systems function. It is the study of the composition of all components of a biological system and their interactions under specific conditions. The core of systems biology is holistic and systematic research, which is different from the manner of thinking and research of all other branches of biology to date. Chinese herbal formulae (CHF) are the main form of Chinese medicine and are composed of single Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) with pharmacological and pharmacodynamic compatibility. When single CHMs are combined into CHF, the result is different from the original effect of a single drug and can be better adapted to more diseases with complex symptoms. CHF represent a complex system with multiple components, targets and effects. Therefore, the use of systems biology is conducive to revealing the complex characteristics of CHF. With the rapid development of omics technologies, systems biology has been widely and increasingly applied to the study of the basis of the pharmacological substances, action targets and mechanisms of CHF. To meet the challenges of multiomics synthesis-intensive studies and system dynamics research in CHF, this paper reviews the common techniques of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and metagenomics and their applications in research on CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Cai
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Wen-Jun Zhou
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Rong Wu
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
| | - Shi-Bing Su
- Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine Complexity System, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203 China
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Zhang QY, Wang FX, Jia KK, Kong LD. Natural Product Interventions for Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy-Induced Side Effects. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1253. [PMID: 30459615 PMCID: PMC6232953 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the world. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the common cancer treatments. However, the development of adverse effects resulting from chemotherapy and radiotherapy hinders the clinical use, and negatively reduces the quality of life in cancer patients. Natural products including crude extracts, bioactive components-enriched fractions and pure compounds prepared from herbs as well as herbal formulas have been proved to prevent and treat cancer. Of significant interest, some natural products can reduce chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced oral mucositis, gastrointestinal toxicity, hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, hematopoietic system injury, cardiotoxicity, and neurotoxicity. This review focuses in detail on the effectiveness of these natural products, and describes the possible mechanisms of the actions in reducing chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced side effects. Recent advances in the efficacy of natural dietary supplements to counteract these side effects are highlighted. In addition, we draw particular attention to gut microbiotan in the context of prebiotic potential of natural products for the protection against cancer therapy-induced toxicities. We conclude that some natural products are potential therapeutic perspective for the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy and radiotherapy-induced side effects. Further studies are required to validate the efficacy of natural products in cancer patients, and elucidate potential underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yu Zhang
- School of Medicine and Life Sciences, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Fei-Xuan Wang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke-Ke Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling-Dong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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10
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Wu FZ, Xu WJ, Deng B, Liu SD, Deng C, Wu MY, Gao Y, Jia LQ. Wen-Luo-Tong Decoction Attenuates Paclitaxel-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy by Regulating Linoleic Acid and Glycerophospholipid Metabolism Pathways. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:956. [PMID: 30233366 PMCID: PMC6127630 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a serious dose-limiting toxicity of many anti-neoplastic agents, especially paclitaxel, and oxaliplatin. Up to 62% of patients receiving paclitaxel regimens turn out to develop CIPN. Unfortunately, there are so few agents proved effective for prevention or management of CIPN. The reason for the current situation is that the mechanisms of CIPN are still not explicit. Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) has unique advantages for dealing with complex diseases. Wen-Luo-Tong (WLT) is a TCM ointment for topical application. It has been applied for prevention and management of CIPN clinically for more than 10 years. Previous animal experiments and clinical studies had manifested the availability of WLT. However, due to the unclear mechanisms of WLT, further transformation has been restricted. To investigate the therapeutic mechanisms of WLT, a metabolomic method on the basis of UPLC- MS was developed in this study. Multivariate analysis techniques, such as principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares discriminate analysis (PLS-DA), were applied to observe the disturbance in the metabolic state of the paclitaxel-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) rat model, as well as the recovering tendency of WLT treatment. A total of 19 significant variations associated with PIPN were identified as biomarkers. Results of pathway analysis indicated that the metabolic disturbance of pathways of linoleic acid (LA) metabolism and glycerophospholipid metabolism. WLT attenuated mechanical allodynia and rebalanced the metabolic disturbances of PIPN by primarily regulating LA and glycerophospholipid metabolism pathway. Further molecular docking analysis showed some ingredients of WLT, such as hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), icariin, epimedin B and 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHBA), had high affinity to plenty of proteins within these two pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Ze Wu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Wen-Juan Xu
- Research Center for Chinese Medical Analysis and Transformation, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Si-da Liu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Meng-Yu Wu
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Graduate School, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Li-Qun Jia
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Oncology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
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11
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Zhang QQ, Huang WQ, Gao YQ, Han ZD, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu FG. Metabolomics Reveals the Efficacy of Caspase Inhibition for Saikosaponin D-Induced Hepatotoxicity. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:732. [PMID: 30034340 PMCID: PMC6043666 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Saikosaponin d (SSd) is a major hepatoprotective component of saikosaponins derived from Radix Bupleuri, which was also linked to hepatotoxicity. Previous studies have demonstrated that caspases play a key role in SSd-induced liver cell death. Our in vitro and in vivo studies also showed that treatment with caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk could significantly reduce the L02 hepatocyte cells death and lessen the degree of liver damage in mice caused by SSd. In order to further reveal the underlying mechanisms of caspase inhibition in SSd-induced hepatotoxicity, mass spectrometry based untargeted metabolomics was conducted. Significant alterations in metabolic profiling were observed in SSd-treated group, which could be restored by caspase inhibition. Bile acids and phospholipids were screened out to be most significant by spearman correlation analysis, heatmap analysis and S-Plot analysis. These findings were further confirmed by absolute quantitation of bile acids via targeted metabolomics approach. Furthermore, cytokine profiles were analyzed to identify potential associations between inflammation and metabolites. The study could provide deeper insight into the hepatotoxicity of SSd and the efficacy of caspase inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Qian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Huang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yi-Qiao Gao
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhao-di Han
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, Macau
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance (Ministry of Education), China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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12
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Dai XM, Cui DN, Wang J, Zhang W, Zhang ZJ, Xu FG. Systems Pharmacology Based Strategy for Q-Markers Discovery of HuangQin Decoction to Attenuate Intestinal Damage. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:236. [PMID: 29615909 PMCID: PMC5870050 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The quality control research of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is lagged far behind the space of progress in modernization and globalization. Thus the concept of quality marker (Q-marker) was proposed recently to guide the quality investigations of TCM. However, how to discover and validate the Q-marker is still a challenge. In this paper, a system pharmacology based strategy was proposed to discover Q-marker of HuangQin decoction (HQD) to attenuate Intestinal Damage. Using this strategy, nine measurable compounds including paeoniflorin, baicalin, scutellarein, liquiritigenin, norwogonin, baicalein, glycyrrhizic acid, wogonin, and oroxylin A were screened out as potential markers. Standard references of these nine compounds were pooled together as components combination according to their corresponding concentration in HQD. The bioactive equivalence between components combination and HQD was validated using wound healing test and inflammatory factor determination experiment. The comprehensive results indicated that components combination is almost bioactive equivalent to HQD and could serve as the Q-markers. In conclusion, our study put forward a promising strategy for Q-markers discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Min Dai
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dong-Ni Cui
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Zun-Jian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Feng-Guo Xu
- Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Pharmacovigilance, Ministry of Education, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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