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Yan C, Zhan Y, Yuan S, Cao Y, Chen Y, Dong M, Zhang H, Chen L, Jiang R, Liu W, Jin W, Huang Y. Nuciferine prevents obesity by activating brown adipose tissue. Food Funct 2024; 15:967-976. [PMID: 38175708 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo03632d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) plays an important role in obesity and related diseases. Increasing the amount or activity of BAT could prevent obesity. Therefore, a safe and effective method of activating BAT is urgently required. Here, we evaluated the potential effects of lotus leaf extract (LLE) on BAT function. We found that LLE substantially increased UCP1 mRNA and protein levels as well as thermogenic protein expression in primary brown adipocytes. Additionally, LLE treatment reduced diet-induced obesity and improved glucose homeostasis owing to BAT activation and increased energy expenditure. We found that nuciferine, an active ingredient of LLE, could dose-dependently activate BAT in vitro and in vivo, alleviate diet-induced obesity, and improve glucose homeostasis by increasing energy expenditure. Mechanistically, we found that nuciferine induced PPARG coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1-α) expression, which is a key gene involved in mitochondrial biogenesis promoter activity, by directly binding to RXRA. Furthermore, RXRA knockdown abolished expression of the nuciferine-induced mitochondrial and thermogenesis-related gene in primary brown adipocytes. In summary, we found that LLE and nuciferine have a notable effect on BAT activation and highlight the potential applications of the main component of LLE in preventing obesity and treating metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlong Yan
- Yanbian University Agriculture College, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Yang Zhan
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shouli Yuan
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Beijing, China
| | - Yujing Cao
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Yi Chen
- Chinese PLA General Hospital First Medical Center, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Dong
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Hanlin Zhang
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Li Chen
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Rui Jiang
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
| | - Wenjun Liu
- Jiangzhong Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wanzhu Jin
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyuan Huang
- Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China.
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Ouyang L. A quality evaluation method of lotus leaf based on its lipid lowering components using QAMS and chemometrics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e23009. [PMID: 38058446 PMCID: PMC10696245 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Lotus leaf has long been used as food and medicine in China and is well-known for its lipid-lowering effects. However, there is a lack of a comprehensive quality evaluation for lotus leaf due to the absence of consideration of the correlation between various components and their efficacy. Objectives This study aims to find out the key bioactive components that can be used for quality evaluation of lotus leaf on lipid-lowering effect. Methods Thirteen compounds were characterized in the lotus leaf using ultra-high- performance liquid chromatography-time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Five alkaloids and four flavonoids were identified according to their lipid-lowering activities reported in literatures. Then, the contents of these nine components were analyzed in 39 batches of lotus leaves growing in different locations using high performance liquid chromatography diode-array detector (HPLC-DAD), and further evaluated by quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS) and chemometrics. The anti-adipogenic activity of lotus leaves were evaluated for their inhibitory effect on the PPARγ expression by luciferase assay. Results The 39 batches were clustered into two regions, the north and the south, based on the contents of these components. Three alkaloids, nuciferine, N-nornuciferine, and asimilobine, and three flavonoids, astragalin, hyperoside, and trifolioside, were found to serve as the key factors behind the region differences. Their contents were higher in Guangchang County of Jiangxi Province than other habitat locations. Moreover, the luciferase assay combined with chemometrics showed that these components were positively correlated with lipid-lowering activity of lotus leaf. Conclusions Three alkaloids and three flavonoids were screened out and could be used as key compounds for quality evaluation of lotus leaf on lipid-lowering effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Ouyang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Medicines of Ministry of Education, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai, 201203, China
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Zhao T, Zhu Y, Zhao R, Xiong S, Sun J, Zhang J, Fan D, Deng J, Yang H. Structure-activity relationship, bioactivities, molecular mechanisms, and clinical application of nuciferine on inflammation-related diseases. Pharmacol Res 2023; 193:106820. [PMID: 37315822 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.106820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Nuciferine aporphine alkaloid mainly exists in Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and is a beneficial to human health, such as anti-obesity, lowering blood lipid, prevention of diabetes and cancer, closely associated with inflammation. Importantly, nuciferine may contribute to its bioactivities by exerting intense anti-inflammatory activities in multiple models. However, no review has summarized the anti-inflammatory effect of nuciferine. This review critically summarized the information regarding the structure-activity relationships of dietary nuciferine. Moreover, biological activities and clinical application on inflammation-related diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, liver, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer, as well as their potential mechanisms, involving oxidative stress, metabolic signaling, and gut microbiota has been reviewed. The current work provides a better understanding of the anti-inflammation properties of nuciferine against multiple diseases, thereby improving the utilization and application of nuciferine-containing plants across functional food and medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuchen Zhu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiyi Xiong
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jing Sun
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Juntao Zhang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an, China.
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.
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Lyu X, Yan K, Hu W, Xu H, Guo X, Zhou Z, Zhu H, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. Safflower yellow and its main component hydroxysafflor yellow A alleviate hyperleptinemia in diet-induced obesity mice through a dual inhibition of the GIP-GIPR signaling axis. Phytother Res 2023. [PMID: 36943416 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is a gastrointestinal hormone secreted by K cells in the small intestine and is considered an obesity-promoting factor. In this study, we systematically investigated the anti-obesity effects of intragastric safflower yellow (SY)/hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) and the underlying mechanism for the first time. Our results showed that intragastric SY/HSYA, rather than an intraperitoneal injection, notably decreased serum GIP levels and GIP staining in the small intestine in diet-induced obese (DIO) mice. Moreover, intragastric SY/HSYA was also first found to significantly suppress GIP receptor (GIPR) signaling in both the hypothalamus and subcutaneous White adipose tissue. Our study is the first to show that intragastric SY/HSYA obviously reduced food intake and body weight gain in leptin sensitivity experiments and decreased serum leptin levels in DIO mice. Further experiments demonstrated that SY treatment also significantly reduced leptin levels, whereas the inhibitory effect of SY on leptin levels was reversed by activating GIPR in 3 T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, intragastric SY/HSYA had already significantly reduced serum GIP levels and GIPR expression before the serum leptin levels were notably changed in high-fat-diet-fed mice. These findings suggested that intragastric SY/HSYA may alleviate diet-induced obesity in mice by ameliorating hyperleptinemia via dual inhibition of the GIP-GIPR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - WenJing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhibo Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Lyu X, Yan K, Wang X, Xu H, Guo X, Zhu H, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. A novel anti-obesity mechanism for liraglutide by improving adipose tissue leptin resistance in high-fat diet-fed obese mice. Endocr J 2022; 69:1233-1244. [PMID: 35705299 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.ej21-0802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide has been approved for the treatment of obesity in the past few years. Both oxidative stress and leptin resistance are the critical drivers of obesity. The present study investigated the mechanism of liraglutide protection against obesity by ameliorating leptin resistance and oxidative stress. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) and subcutaneously injected with 200 μg/kg/d liraglutide for 20 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, serum levels of leptin, insulin, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. In addition, glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The expressions of leptin, its signaling genes, and antioxidant enzymes were detected using RT-qPCR and western blot methods in liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice. The results depicted that liraglutide treatment significantly slowed weight gain of body, reduced the fat mass, ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism, and hepatic steatosis in HFD-fed obese mice. Further study demonstrated that liraglutide treatment resulted in decreased serum levels and the transcript levels of leptin as well as leptin signaling inhibitory regulators. However, it increased leptin receptor expression and the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) in WAT (p < 0.05). In addition, the antioxidant enzyme expression was elevated in both liver and WAT of liraglutide-treated mice (p < 0.05). In conclusion, liraglutide conspicuously prevented obesity and ameliorated glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice through a novel mechanism that improves peripheral leptin resistance in WAT and enhance the antioxidant enzyme expression in both liver and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Xiaonan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
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Pathaw N, Devi KS, Sapam R, Sanasam J, Monteshori S, Phurailatpam S, Devi HC, Chanu WT, Wangkhem B, Mangang NL. A comparative review on the anti-nutritional factors of herbal tea concoctions and their reduction strategies. Front Nutr 2022; 9:988964. [PMID: 36276812 PMCID: PMC9581206 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.988964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea is an important beverage consumed worldwide. Of the different types of tea available, herbal tea is an important beverage consumed owing to its popularity as a drink and stress relieving factors, several different herbal concoctions made from seeds, leaves, or roots are currently consumed and sold as herbal teas. The herbal teas are not the usual tea but "tisanes." They are caffeine free and popular for their medicinal property or immune boosters. Herbal tea formulations are popularly sold and consumed by millions owing to their health benefits as they are rich in antioxidants and minerals. However, plants are also known to contain toxic and anti-nutritional factors. Anti-nutritional factors are known to interfere with the metabolic process and hamper the absorption of important nutrients in the body. These anti-nutritional factors include saponins, tannins, alkaloids, oxalates, lectins, goitrogens, cyanogens, and lethogens. These chemicals are known to have deleterious effects on human health. Therefore, it is important to understand and assess the merits and demerits before consumption. Also, several techniques are currently used to process and reduce the anti-nutrients in foods. This review is focused on comparing the contents of various anti-nutritional factors in some underutilized plants of North-East India used as herbal tea along with processing methods that can be used to reduce the level of these anti-nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta Pathaw
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Konjengbam Sarda Devi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Redina Sapam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Jyotsana Sanasam
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sapam Monteshori
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Sumitra Phurailatpam
- Multi Technology Testing Centre and Vocational Training Centre, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | | | | | - Baby Wangkhem
- College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Imphal, Manipur, India
| | - Naorem Loya Mangang
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Research Complex for North Eastern Hill Region, Imphal, Manipur, India
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Zheng H, Han L, Shi W, Fang X, Hong Y, Cao Y. Research Advances in Lotus Leaf as Chinese Dietary Herbal Medicine. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1423-1445. [PMID: 35770727 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lotus leaf (Heye), the dry foliage of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn, has been valuable as a dietary herbal medicine for thousands of years. Phytochemical studies indicated that alkaloids and flavonoids are the main components of Heye. Polysaccharides, terpenes, and amino acids are also active ingredients. The drug properties of Heye are mild and bitter. Meridian tropism is mainly distributed in the liver, spleen, and stomach meridian. In the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theoretical system, it is in many formulas for the therapy of various symptoms, including wasting-thirst induced by summer heat, diarrhea caused by summer heat-dampness and spleen deficiency, hematochezia, flooding and spotting, among others. Nowadays, the extracts and active components of Heye demonstrate multiple bioactivities, for instance anti-obesity, anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, cardiovascular protective, anticancer, hepatoprotective, hypoglycemic, antiviral, antimicrobial, as well as hemostatic activities. This review will provide an overview of Heye serving as a typical plant with functions of both medicine and food, including its practical applications in terms of TCM and healthy diet, phytochemistry, pharmacological activity, together with its toxicity. Besides, the new points and prospects of Heye in the overview are also outlined straightforwardly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoxue Zheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Lintao Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Wenfeng Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yi Hong
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
| | - Yan Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, Hubei, P. R. China
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Lyu X, Yan K, Xu H, Zhu H, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Gong F. Intragastric safflower yellow and its main component HSYA improve leptin sensitivity before body weight change in diet-induced obese mice. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2022; 395:579-591. [PMID: 35201390 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02220-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Our previous studies found that safflower yellow (SY) and its main component hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) could alleviate obesity and improve leptin resistance in high-fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice. Therefore, our present study aimed to investigate whether the above effect of SY/HSYA was a direct effect or follow-up effect of weight loss and whether leptin was essential for the anti-obesity effect of SY/HSYA or not. HFD-induced obese mice were treated with SY or HSYA for 4 weeks, while ob/ob mice were treated with SY for 10 weeks. Body weight, food intake, fat mass, and serum leptin levels were measured. The leptin sensitivity experiment was conducted in HFD-induced obese mice. The expressions of leptin and its signaling-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot methods. SY/HSYA treatment had no effect on food intake, energy expenditure, body weight, fat mass, and serum leptin levels in HFD-induced obese mice. However, the leptin sensitivity experiment showed that the food intake decreased by 18.4% in the HFD-SY group and the body weight gain decreased by 104.6% in the HFD-HSYA group, respectively (both P < 0.05). Furthermore, the expressions of leptin and leptin signaling inhibitory regulators were significantly decreased, while the phosphorylation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (p-STAT3) were notably increased in WAT of HFD-induced obese mice, fully differentiated 3T3-L1 adipocytes after SY/HSYA intervention (all P < 0.05). Interestingly, SY treatment was ineffective on body weight, fat mass, and glucose metabolism in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice. SY/HSYA administration could firstly improve peripheral leptin resistance in adipose tissue of HFD-induced obese mice before their body weight was significantly changed, and leptin was essential for the anti-obesity effect of SY.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorui Lyu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Hanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, 1# Shuaifuyuan, Wangfujing, , 100730, Beijing, China.
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CHEN B, HUANG X, PENG H, LI Y, CAO Y, WU H, XU D. Effectiveness and safety of red yeast rice predominated by monacolin K β-hydroxy acid form for hyperlipidemia treatment and management. J TRADIT CHIN MED 2022; 42:264-271. [PMID: 35473348 PMCID: PMC9924799 DOI: 10.19852/j.cnki.jtcm.2022.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the lipid-lowering activity and safety of a dietary supplement containing monacolin K β-hydroxy acid form (MKA), Heye (), and Cangzhu (), compared to lifestyle modifications. METHODS Totally 117 subjects with moderate to severe dyslipidemia (according to Chinese guidelines) and low CV risk were randomly assigned into three treatment groups: lifestyle modification (LM), LM plus a low dosage of MKA, LM plus a high dosage of MKA, and treated for 60 d. The primary endpoint was the reduction of low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC). Safeties along with Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndromes were assessed through the study. RESULTS A low dosage of MKA along with lifestyle modifications caused a significant decrease in LDL-C by 15.6% on average (95% , 9.6% to 21%) with, a decrease in TC by 15.3% on average (95% CI, 9.26% to 21.4%), and a decrease in non-HDL-C by 35.4% (95% CI, 25.76% to 41.34%). Weak evidence of a reduction of triglycerides but an increment of HDL-C was observed in patients with severe hyperlipidemia. No severe adverse events occurred during the study. CONCLUSION Our results confirm the LDL-C and TC lowering properties of MKA is clinically meaningful. It also produces a significant reduction of non-HDL-C, and slightly effects on TG and HDL-C as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjian CHEN
- 1 Department of Medical, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaodan HUANG
- 2 Second Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Huiting PENG
- 3 First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yishi LI
- 3 First Clinical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510405, China
| | - Yongtao CAO
- 4 Department of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana 15705, PA, USA
- CAO Yongtao, Department of Mathematical & Computer Sciences, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Indiana 15705, PA, USA.
| | - Huanlin WU
- 5 Department of Cardiology, Dongzhimen Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 350122, China
| | - Danping XU
- 6 Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Eighth Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China
- XU Danping, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, SunYat-Sen University, Shenzhen 518033, China. , Telephone: +86-18028680889
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Zhou H, Hou T, Gao Z, Guo X, Wang C, Wang J, Liu Y, Liang X. Discovery of eight alkaloids with D1 and D2 antagonist activity in leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. Using FLIPR assays. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 278:114335. [PMID: 34139281 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Dopamine receptors are long-standing primary targets in the treatment of mental diseases and there is growing evidence that suggests relationships between obesity and the dopamine system, especially dopamine D1 and D2 receptors. Leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. (lotus leaves) have been medically used for helping long-term maintenance of weight loss. Whether and how components of lotus leaves function through the dopamine receptors remains unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY This work aimed to discover dopamine receptor-active alkaloids isolated from the lotus leaves, to evaluate their potencies and to analyze their structure activity relationship. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dried lotus leaves were prepared and total extract was divided into alkaloids and flavones. Eight alkaloids were separated and characterized by a combination of high-performance liquid chromatography, quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance, and assayed by a fluorometric imaging plate reader platform. Human embryonic kidney 239 cell lines expressing dopamine D1, D2 and serotonin 2A (5-HT2A) receptors, respectively, were cultured and used in the assay. RESULTS Alkaloids in the lotus leaves were the bioactive phytochemicals and inhibited dopamine from accessing the D1 and D2 receptors. All eight compounds functioned as D1-receptor antagonists and except N-nornuciferine, seven alkaloids functioned as D2-receptor antagonists. (S)-coclaurine and (R)-coclaurine are optical isomers and antagonized both D1 and D2 with equivalent potencies, suggesting that the optical rotation of the methylene linker in the monobenzyl isoquinoline backbone did not influence their activity. Among the eight alkaloids, O-nornuciferine was the potent antagonist to both receptors (the lowest IC50 values, D1: 2.09 ± 0.65 μM and D2: 1.14 ± 0.10 μM) while N-nornuciferine was found to be the least potent as it moderately antagonized D1 and was inactive on D2. O-nornuciferine was also a 5-HT2A antagonist (IC50~20 μM) while N-nornuciferine had no activity. These hinted the importance of a methyl group attached to the nitrogen atom in the aporphine backbone. Armepavine showed a nearly 10-fold selectivity to D2. CONCLUSIONS In this work, eight alkaloids were isolated from the leaves of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. and assayed on the D1 and D2 receptors. They were D1/D2 antagonists with IC50 values in the mid- to low-micromolar range and O-nornuciferine was the most potent alkaloid among the eight. This family of alkaloids was biochemically evaluated on the dopamine receptors by the same platform for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tao Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; DICP-CMC Innovation Institute of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Hubei Minzu University, Enshi, 445000, China
| | - Xiujie Guo
- DICP-CMC Innovation Institute of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China
| | - Chaoran Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China; DICP-CMC Innovation Institute of Medicine, Taizhou, 225300, China.
| | - Jixia Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China.
| | - Yanfang Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Xinmiao Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Separation Science for Analytical Chemistry, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, 116023, China
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Sranujit RP, Noysang C, Tippayawat P, Kooltheat N, Luetragoon T, Usuwanthim K. Phytochemicals and Immunomodulatory Effect of Nelumbo nucifera Flower Extracts on Human Macrophages. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:2007. [PMID: 34685815 PMCID: PMC8537166 DOI: 10.3390/plants10102007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
This research characterizes phytochemicals inherent in lotus flower and investigates the antioxidant and immunomodulatory activity of ethyl acetate (EA) and ethyl alcohol (ET) lotus petal extracts. In the experiment, human monocytes-derived macrophages were stimulated by lipopoly-saccharide to mimic bacteria-induced inflammation. The results showed that ferulic acid, couma-rin, and chlorogenic acid were three dominant polyphenols. The EA and ET lotus petal extracts also possessed high antioxidant capability. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited immunomodulatory properties by suppressing TNF-α secretion in inflammatory-induced human macrophages by in-hibiting NF-κB-dependent inflammatory response. In essence, the lotus petal extracts possess reme-dial attributes beneficial to individuals afflicted with declined immune functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rungnapa Pankla Sranujit
- Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand;
| | - Chanai Noysang
- Faculty of Integrative Medicine, Rajamangala University of Technology Thanyaburi, Pathum Thani 12130, Thailand;
| | - Patcharaporn Tippayawat
- Center for Research and Development of Medical Diagnostic Laboratories, Faculty of Associated Medical Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand;
| | - Nateelak Kooltheat
- Research Excellence Center for Innovation and Health Products, School of Allied Health Sciences, Walailak University, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80160, Thailand;
| | - Thitiya Luetragoon
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (T.L.); (K.U.)
| | - Kanchana Usuwanthim
- Cellular and Molecular Immunology Research Unit, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Naresuan University, Phitsanulok 65000, Thailand; (T.L.); (K.U.)
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Wang Z, Cheng Y, Zeng M, Wang Z, Qin F, Wang Y, Chen J, He Z. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaf: A narrative review of its Phytoconstituents, health benefits and food industry applications. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Xu H, Wang L, Yan K, Zhu H, Pan H, Yang H, Liu M, Gong F. Nuciferine Inhibited the Differentiation and Lipid Accumulation of 3T3-L1 Preadipocytes by Regulating the Expression of Lipogenic Genes and Adipokines. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:632236. [PMID: 33841152 PMCID: PMC8025837 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.632236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purposes: Nuciferine, a main aporphine alkaloid component found in lotus leaf (Nelumbo nucifera), has been demonstrated to possess the property of reducing fat mass and alleviating dyslipidemia in vivo. The purpose of this study is to explore the effects of nuciferine on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells and further investigate the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods: 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were treated with 0∼20 μM nuciferine for 24∼120 h, the cell viability was assessed using CCK8. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and human primary preadipocytes were then induced differentiation and the effects of nuciferine on the lipid metabolism in differentiating and fully differentiated adipocytes were observed by the methods of intracellular triglyceride (TG) assay, Oil Red O staining, RT-qPCR and western blot. Transient transfection and dual luciferase reporter gene methods were used to assess the effects of nuciferine on FAS promoter activities. Results: Nuciferine inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose- and time-dependent manner. 20 μM nuciferine significantly attenuated lipid accumulation and reduced intracellular TG contents by 47.2, 59.9 and 55.4% on the third, sixth and ninth day of preadipocytes differentiation, respectively (all p < 0.05). Moreover, the mRNA levels of PPARγ, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, FAS, ACC, HSL and ATGL were notably decreased by 39.2∼92.5% in differentiating preadipocytes when treated with 5∼20 μM nuciferine (all p < 0.05). In fully differentiated adipocytes treated with 20 μM nuciferine for 48 h, the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC and SREBP1 were remarkably downregulated by 22.6∼45.2% compared with the controls (0 μM) (all p < 0.05), whereas the expression of adipokines FGF21 and ZAG were notably promoted by nuciferine. Similarly, in fully differentiated human primary adipocytes, the mRNA levels of FAS, ACC, SREBP1 were decreased and the expression of FGF21 and ZAG were elevated after treated with nuciferine (all p < 0.05). Further mechanism studies showed that 2.5∼20 μM nuciferine significantly decreased FAS promoter activities in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Conclusion: Nuciferine inhibited the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The inhibitory effects of nuciferine on adipogenesis might be due to the downregulation of PPARγ, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ, which led to the reduction of intracellular lipid accumulation in 3T3-L1 cells and by downregulating the expression of critical lipogenic enzymes, especially of FAS, which was achieved by inhibiting the FAS promoter activities. Besides, nuciferine promoted the expression of adipokines in fully differentiated adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyuan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Anti-Obesity Effects of a Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera Mixture in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113392. [PMID: 33158191 PMCID: PMC7694277 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prunus persica and Nelumbo nucifera are major crops cultivated worldwide. In East Asia, both P. persica flowers and N. nucifera leaves are traditionally used for therapeutic purposes and consumed as teas for weight loss. Herein, we investigated the anti-obesity effects of an herbal extract mixture of P. persica and N. nucifera (HT077) and the underlying mechanism using a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obesity model. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed a normal diet, HFD, HFD containing 0.02% orlistat (positive control), or HFD containing 0.1, 0.2, or 0.4% HT077 for 12 weeks. HT077 significantly reduced final body weights, weight gain, abdominal fat weights, liver weights, and hepatic levels of triglycerides and total cholesterol. HT077 also lowered glucose, cholesterol, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and leptin levels and increased AST/ALT and adiponectin/leptin ratios and adiponectin levels. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that HT077 decreased the expression of lipogenic genes and increased the expression of fatty acid oxidation-related genes in adipose tissue. Our results indicate that HT077 exerts anti-obesity effects and prevents the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. These beneficial effects might be partially attributed to ameliorating adipokine imbalances and regulating lipid synthesis and fatty acid oxidation in adipose tissue.
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Liu W, Chen X, Ge Y, Wang H, Phosat C, Li J, Mao HP, Gao XM, Chang YX. Network pharmacology strategy for revealing the pharmacological mechanism of pharmacokinetic target components of San-Ye-Tang-Zhi-Qing formula for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 260:113044. [PMID: 32535242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE San-Ye-Tang-Zhi-Qing formula (SYTZQ) is an effective prescription for the treatment of pre-diabetes disorders of glycolipid metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It consists of five Chinese herbs including Mori Folium, Nelumbinis Folium, Crataegi Folium, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma and Paeoniae Radix Rubra. AIM OF THE STUDY This study was aimed to reveal the pharmacological mechanism of pharmacokinetic target components of SYTZQ for the treatment of T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A rapid, precise and sensitive ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed to quantify simultaneously nuciferin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid in rat plasma after oral administration of SYTZQ. The network pharmacology was used to analyze the effect of the compounds absorbed into the blood of SYTZQ on T2DM. The effects of paeoniflorin, nuciferine and rosmarinic acid on adipogenic differentiation were validated in vitro experiments. RESULTS The separation was performed on an ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) using acetonitrile and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in water as the mobile phase in gradient elution. The calibration curves of five analytes showed good linearity (r ≥ 0.9991) with the lower limits of quantification (LLOQ) between 0.3 and 5.0 ng/mL. The recoveries and matrix effects of five analytes ranged from 81.1% to 113%. The RSDs of inter-day and intra-day precision were all within 13.7%. The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of five ingredients after oral administration of SYTZQ to rat. 39 major targets and 22 candidate pathways of five compounds absorbed into the blood of rats after administration of SYTZQ were identified and successfully constructed a compound-target-disease-pathway network. It was confirmed that paeniforin, nuciferine and rosmarinic acid could decrease the adipogenicity differentiation in vitro experiments. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic parameters indicated that the five components (nuciferin, vitexin-4″-O-glucoside, vitexin-2″-O-rhamnoside, paeoniflorin and rosmarinic acid) were absorbed and eliminated quickly in vivo. These five absorbed components were associated with 22 pathways, including insulin resistance, regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, PI3k/AKT-, TNF-, cAMP- and cGMP-PKG-signaling pathway. Paeoniflorin, nuciferine and rosmarinic acid have the effect of inhibiting adipocyte differentiation. This study could provide more reference for quality control, and provide a firm basis for evaluating the clinical efficiency of SYTZQ.
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MESH Headings
- Adipocytes/drug effects
- Adipocytes/metabolism
- Adipogenesis/drug effects
- Administration, Oral
- Animals
- Cells, Cultured
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/blood
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacokinetics
- Energy Metabolism/drug effects
- Female
- Gastrointestinal Absorption
- Gene Regulatory Networks
- Hypoglycemic Agents/administration & dosage
- Hypoglycemic Agents/blood
- Hypoglycemic Agents/pharmacokinetics
- Male
- Metabolomics
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Protein Interaction Maps
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Signal Transduction
- Systems Biology
- Tandem Mass Spectrometry
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xuanhao Chen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ge
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Huilin Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Charupan Phosat
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Jin Li
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Hao-Ping Mao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Xiu-Mei Gao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Xu Chang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China; Key Laboratory of Formula of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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16
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Yan K, Wang X, Zhu H, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Jin M, Zang B, Gong F. Safflower yellow improves insulin sensitivity in high-fat diet-induced obese mice by promoting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ2 expression in subcutaneous adipose tissue. J Diabetes Investig 2020; 11:1457-1469. [PMID: 32356607 PMCID: PMC7610129 DOI: 10.1111/jdi.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims/Introduction Safflower yellow (SY) and its main component, hydroxysafflor yellow A, have been demonstrated to show anti‐obesity effects. Peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ2 (PPARγ2) is a critical transcription factor in adipose tissue metabolism. The aim of the present study was to explore the effects of SY in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice, and further investigate the mechanism involving PPARγ2. Methods High‐fat diet‐induced obese mice were given 120 mg/kg/day SY for 8 weeks. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were carried out. Fat mass and serum levels of glucose and insulin were measured. The expression of insulin signaling pathway‐related genes and PPARγ2 in the adipose tissue was measured. In vitro, the effects of SY (0–500 mg/L) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (0–100 mg/L) on PPARγ2 promoter activities and PPARγ2 messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes or adipocytes were also detected. Results Safflower yellow reduced fat mass, decreased glucose levels and improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. SY also increased the mRNA levels of insulin signaling pathway‐related genes, and increased PPARγ2 mRNA levels by 39.1% in subcutaneous adipose tissue (P < 0.05). In vitro, SY and hydroxysafflor yellow A significantly enhanced PPARγ2 promoter activities by 1.3–2.1‐fold, and increased PPARγ2 mRNA levels by 1.2–1.6‐fold in 3T3‐L1 preadipocytes or adipocytes (P < 0.05). Conclusions SY could reduce fat mass, decrease glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in high‐fat diet‐induced obese mice. The probable mechanism is to increase PPARγ2 expression by stimulating PPARγ2 promoter activities, further increasing the expression of insulin signaling pathway‐related genes in subcutaneous adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, China-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxia Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, China-Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Disease, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Das S, Choudhuri D. Dietary calcium regulates the insulin sensitivity by altering the adipokine secretion in high fat diet induced obese rats. Life Sci 2020; 250:117560. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Yan K, Wang X, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Zhu H, Gong F. Safflower Yellow and Its Main Component HSYA Alleviate Diet-Induced Obesity in Mice: Possible Involvement of the Increased Antioxidant Enzymes in Liver and Adipose Tissue. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:482. [PMID: 32372961 PMCID: PMC7186386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Oxidative stress plays an important role in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated disorders. Safflower yellow (SY) and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), the natural compounds isolated from Carthamus tinctorius L., has been found to possess antioxidative and anti-obesity properties. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether SY and its main component HSYA alleviate obesity by the antioxidant effects. Methods Diet-induced obese (DIO) mice were treated with 200 mg/kg/d SY or HSYA for 10 weeks. Body weight, fat mass, serum biochemical parameters and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were measured. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests were performed. The expression of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue were measured. In vitro, H2O2-induced oxidative stress HepG2 cells and 3T3-L1 adipocytes were treated with SY and HSYA to investigate the direct effects of SY and HSYA on the expression of antioxidant enzymes. Results SY and HSYA significantly decreased the body weight gain of DIO mice, and decreased fat mass to 57.8% and 61.6% of the control mice, respectively (P < 0.05). The parameters of glucose metabolism and liver function were improved after SY and HSYA treatment. The hepatic SOD activities and the mRNA levels of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue of SY and HSYA treated mice were increased (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the administration of SY and HSYA on the H2O2-induced oxidative stress HepG2 cells and adipocytes also increased the expression of the antioxidant factor and antioxidant enzymes to 1.2~3.3 folds of the control cells (P < 0.05). Conclusion SY and its main component HSYA could significantly decrease the fat mass, and improve glucose metabolism and liver function in diet-induced obese mice. The beneficial effects of SY and HSYA on obesity and metabolism may be associated with the increased expression of antioxidant enzymes in liver and adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Miao H, Pan H, Wang L, Yang H, Zhu H, Gong F. Ghrelin Promotes Proliferation and Inhibits Differentiation of 3T3-L1 and Human Primary Preadipocytes. Front Physiol 2019; 10:1296. [PMID: 31681009 PMCID: PMC6798085 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.01296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Ghrelin is a 28-amino-acid peptide that regulates energy hemostasis, glucose and lipid metabolism. We aimed to explore the effects of ghrelin on the proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 and human primary preadipocytes. Methods 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) spectrophotometry, Oil Red O staining, intracellular glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH) assays and semiquantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction were used to investigate the action of ghrelin. Results Ghrelin (0.01–1000 ng/ml) significantly increased the numbers of 3T3-L1 cells, and the maximum stimulatory effect was observed with the 10 ng/ml ghrelin treatment for 24 h (p < 0.05). Ghrelin also promoted the proliferation of human primary preadipocytes from 24 h (p < 0.05) to 48 h (p < 0.05) at a concentration of 1000 ng/ml. Further investigation showed that IGF-1 levels were notably increased in ghrelin-treated 3T3-L1 and human preadipocytes, and IGF-1 antibody was capable to attenuate this stimulatory action of ghrelin (all p < 0.05). Additionally, ghrelin significantly suppressed the differentiation of 3T3-L1 and human primary preadipocytes; 10 ng/ml ghrelin notably downregulated G-3-PDH activities in 3T3-L1 cells on day 3 and in human cells from days 4 to 12 following differentiation (all p < 0.05), and the intracellular lipoprotein lipase mRNA levels were lower than that of the controls (p < 0.05). Further investigation showed that the mRNA levels of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ2 (PPARγ2) and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPs) were also suppressed in ghrelin-treated human differentiating adipocytes. Conclusion Ghrelin promotes the proliferation of 3T3-L1 and human primary preadipocytes by increasing the expression of IGF-1. Ghrelin inhibits murine and human adipocyte differentiation by downregulating PPARγ2 and C/EBPα levels, consequently leading to decreased lipid accumulation and lipogenic enzymes expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Miao
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wu H, Lu M, He J, Huang M, Zheng A, Zhang M, Wen C, Ye J. Determination and pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of O-demethyl nuciferine in mice by UPLC–MS/MS. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haiya Wu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Mengrou Lu
- Cellular Biomedicine Group (Shanghai), Inc., 333 Guiping Road, Xuhui, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Jiamin He
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Miaoling Huang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Aote Zheng
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Meiling Zhang
- Analytical and Testing Center, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Congcong Wen
- Laboratory Animal Centre, Wenzhou Medical University, 325035 Wenzhou, China
| | - Jufen Ye
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second People's Hospital of Lishui, Lishui 323000, China
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Choe J, Kim GW, Kim HY. Effects of green tea leaf, lotus leaf, and kimchi powders on quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2019; 61:28-34. [PMID: 31333858 PMCID: PMC6582918 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2019.61.1.28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Liver sausage is flavorful and highly nutritious. However, liver has a relatively
short shelf life due to acceleration of oxidation in the presence of endogenous
enzymes and metals. Powders derived from natural sources, including plants or
fruits, are applied to meat products for inhibiting oxidation without adverse
effects on their quality. Hence, this study investigated the effects of natural
powders derived from green tea leaf (GTL), lotus leaf (LL), and kimchi (KC) on
the quality and change in lipid oxidation and freshness of chicken liver
sausages during two weeks of storage. Chicken liver sausages were manufactured
with chicken breast (70%) and liver (20%), pork back fat
(5%), iced water (5%), various additives, and GTL, LL, and KC [0
(control) or 1%]. They were processed in three batches. For determination
of the quality characteristics of chicken liver sausages with various plant
powders, pH, color, and texture properties were assessed. In addition, lipid
oxidation and freshness using thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)
and total volatile basic nitrogen (TVBN) were analyzed at day 0 and week 2 of
refrigerated storage. Higher values were obtained for pH and cooking yield in
sausage samples with LL and KC powders than in samples with the other
treatments. For a* values, the sausage samples with KC showed similar
(p > 0.05) values, whilst others had significantly
lower values than the control. The addition of the three powders to sausage
samples induced an increase (p < 0.05) in hardness,
gumminess, and chewiness. The addition of plant powders did not influence TBARS
and TVBN of sausage samples at the initial stage. However, after two weeks of
storage, significantly lower TBARS and TVBN values were observed, and the
sausage with KC (p < 0.05) showed the lowest values of
both TBARS and TVBN. The results showed the potential ability of the three
powders to improve the quality and inhibit lipid oxidation in liver sausages.
Particularly, the addition of KC did not adversely affect the a* values of
sausage samples. The effects on sensory properties and inhibition mechanisms of
GTL, LL, and KC in meat products should be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhui Choe
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Gye-Woong Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
| | - Hack-Youn Kim
- Department of Animal Resources Science, Kongju National University, Yesan 32439, Korea
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Chen HW, Yang MY, Hung TW, Chang YC, Wang CJ. Nelumbo nucifera leaves extract attenuate the pathological progression of diabetic nephropathy in high-fat diet-fed and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J Food Drug Anal 2019; 27:736-748. [PMID: 31324289 PMCID: PMC9307034 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is not only a common and severe microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus but also the leading cause of renal failure. Lotus (Nelumbo nucifera) possesses antioxidative and anticancer properties. The present study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic and renoprotective effects of N. nucifera leaf extract (NLE) in a rat model of type 2 diabetic mellitus. Male Sprague–Dawley rats with type 2 diabetes induced by a high-fat diet (HFD)/streptozotocin (STZ) were treated with NLE at dosages of 0.5% and 1% (w/w) daily for 6 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, body weight, serum glucose levels, insulin levels, and kidney function were assessed. Furthermore, antioxidant enzyme and lipid peroxide levels were determined in the kidney, and histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining, periodic acid Schiff staining, and Masson trichrome staining. To shed light on the molecular mechanism underlying the functioning of NLE, mouse glomerular mesangial cells (MES-13) treated with high glucose (HG, 25 mM glucose) were chosen as a model for an examination of the signal transduction pathway of NLE. The results revealed that NLE improved diabetic kidney injury by reducing blood glucose, serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen levels and enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities in kidney tissue. Treatment with NLE significantly reduced the malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine levels and increased serum insulin levels; expression of renal superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities; and glutathione content. Histological studies have also demonstrated that NLE treatment inhibited the dilation of Bowman’s capsule, which confirmed its renoprotective action in diabetes. In addition, treatment with NLE and its major component quercetin 3-glucuronide attenuated 25 mM HG-induced suppressed nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 and antioxidant enzyme expression in MES-13 cells. Collectively, these findings indicate that NLE may have antidiabetic and renoprotective effects against HFD/STZ-induced diabetes, at least in part, through antioxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan-Wei Chen
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Mon-Yuan Yang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Wei Hung
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Ching Chang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Chau-Jong Wang
- Institute of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Li JP, Yuan Y, Zhang WY, Jiang Z, Hu TJ, Feng YT, Liu MX. Effect of Radix isatidis polysaccharide on alleviating insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus cells and rats. J Pharm Pharmacol 2018; 71:220-229. [PMID: 30298631 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this paper was to explore the effects of Radix isatidis polysaccharide (RIP) extracted from Radix isatis on alleviating insulin resistance. METHODS The insulin resistance models of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats were established to evaluate the insulin resistance activity of RIP. KEY FINDINGS Radix isatidis polysaccharide within the concentration range of 25-100 μg/ml could reduce cell supernatant glucose and TNF-α levels (P < 0.01) and increase the expression of PI-3K P85, Glut4, IRS-1 and Akt protein in symptoms of IR 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. In the meantime, RIP contributed to relieve the weight loss of diabetic rats whose liver weight and liver index were decreased due to the effects of RIP. Experiments in rats also showed that RIP had capacity in reduced serum TC, TG, LDL-C, FFA, FBG, FINS, MDA, ALT, AST activities and increased serum HDL-C, SOD, ISI (P < 0.05 or 0.01). In addition, the oral glucose tolerance in rats was improved (P < 0.05) and liver damage was restored due to RIP. CONCLUSIONS Radix isatidis polysaccharide significantly alleviates insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and type 2 diabetic rats. These beneficial effects of RIP may associate with their roles in improving the glucose metabolism, lipid metabolism and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Ping Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Ye Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy & Laboratory, Ya'an Vocational College, Ya'an, China
| | - Wen-You Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Zhen Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Jiao Hu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Ting Feng
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Mo-Xiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
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Yan K, Chen W, Zhu H, Lin G, Pan H, Li N, Wang L, Yang H, Liu M, Gong F. Ileal Transposition Surgery Decreases Fat Mass and Improves Glucose Metabolism in Diabetic GK Rats: Possible Involvement of FGF21. Front Physiol 2018; 9:191. [PMID: 29593555 PMCID: PMC5854974 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Ileal transposition (IT) surgery has been reported to improve glucose and lipid metabolism, and fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a powerful metabolic regulator. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effects of IT surgery on metabolism and its possible relationship with the FGF21 signaling pathway in diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Methods: Ten-week-old male GK rats were subjected to IT surgery with translocation of a 10 cm ileal segment to the proximal jejunum (IT group) or sham surgery without the ileum transposition (Sham-IT group). Rats in the no surgery group did not receive any surgical intervention. Six weeks later, body weight, fat mass, fasting blood glucose (FBG), and serum levels of FGF21 and leptin were measured. The expression of the FGF21 signaling pathway and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning-related genes in the WAT and liver were evaluated by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blot. Results: IT surgery significantly decreased the body weights and FBG levels and increased the insulin sensitivity of GK rats. The total WAT mass of the IT rats showed a 41.5% reduction compared with the Sham-IT rats, and serum levels of FGF21 and leptin of the IT rats decreased by 26.3 and 61.7%, respectively (all P < 0.05). The mRNA levels of fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 (FGFR1) and its co-receptor β klotho (KLB) in the perirenal WAT (pWAT) of the IT rats were 1.4- and 2.4-fold that of the Sham-IT rats, respectively, and the FGFR1 protein levels were 1.7-fold of the Sham-IT rats (all P < 0.05). In accordance with the pWAT, the protein levels of FGFR1 and KLB in the epididymal WAT (eWAT) of the IT rats notably increased to 3.0- and 3.9-fold of the Sham-IT rats (P < 0.05). Furthermore, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) protein levels in the eWAT and pWAT of the IT rats also increased to 2.2- and 2.3-fold of the Sham-IT rats (P < 0.05). However, the protein levels of FGFR1 and KLB in the subcutaneous WAT (sWAT) of the IT rats decreased by 34.4 and 72.1%, respectively, compared with the Sham-IT rats (P < 0.05). In addition, the protein levels of FGF21 and KLB in the livers of IT rats were 3.9- and 2.3-fold of the Sham-IT rats (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: IT surgery significantly decreased fat mass and improved glucose metabolism in diabetic GK rats. These beneficial roles of IT surgery were probably associated with its stimulatory action on the expression of FGFR1 and KLB in both the eWAT and the pWAT, thereby promoting UCP1 expression in these tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kemin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Weijie Chen
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Huijuan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Guole Lin
- Department of Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Pan
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Naishi Li
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Linjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hongbo Yang
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Meijuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Fengying Gong
- Key Laboratory of Endocrinology of National Health and Family Planning Commission, Department of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Su D, Li N, Chen M, Yuan Y, He S, Wang Y, Wu Q, Li L, Yang H, Zeng Q. Effects ofin vitrodigestion on the composition of flavonoids and antioxidant activities of the lotus leaf at different growth stages. Int J Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.13746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongxiao Su
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 230 West Ring Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Ni Li
- College of Life Science; Yangtze University; No. 266 Jingmi Road Jingzhou 434025 China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Life Science; Yangtze University; No. 266 Jingmi Road Jingzhou 434025 China
| | - Yang Yuan
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 230 West Ring Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Shan He
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 230 West Ring Road Guangzhou 510006 China
| | - Yun Wang
- College of Life Science; Yangtze University; No. 266 Jingmi Road Jingzhou 434025 China
| | - Qinhua Wu
- College of Life Science; Yangtze University; No. 266 Jingmi Road Jingzhou 434025 China
| | - Li Li
- College of Life Science; Yangtze University; No. 266 Jingmi Road Jingzhou 434025 China
| | - Hualin Yang
- College of Life Science; Yangtze University; No. 266 Jingmi Road Jingzhou 434025 China
| | - Qingzhu Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Guangzhou University; Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, No. 230 West Ring Road Guangzhou 510006 China
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