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Cui Q, Qin N, Zhang Y, Miao Y, Xie L, Ma X, Zhang Z, Xie P. Neuroprotective effects of annexin A1 tripeptide in rats with sepsis-associated encephalopathy. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2024. [PMID: 38409880 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is characterized by high incidence and mortality rates, with limited treatment options available. The underlying mechanisms and pathogenesis of SAE remain unclear. Annexin A1 (ANXA1), a membrane-associated protein, is involved in various in vivo pathophysiological processes. This study aimed to explore the neuroprotective effects and mechanisms of a novel bioactive ANXA1 tripeptide (ANXA1sp) in SAE. Forty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10 each): control, SAE (intraperitoneal injection of lipopolysaccharide), vehicle (SAE + normal saline), and ANXA1sp (SAE + ANXA1sp) groups. Changes in serum inflammatory factors (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α]), hippocampal reactive oxygen species (ROS), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) levels were measured. The Morris water maze and Y maze tests were used to assess learning and memory capabilities in the rats. Further, changes in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) and apoptosis-related protein expression were detected using western blot. The IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS levels were significantly increased in the SAE group compared with the levels in the control group. Intraperitoneal administration of ANXA1sp led to a significant decrease in the IL-6, TNF-α, and ROS levels (p < 0.05). Compared with the SAE group, the ANXA1sp group exhibited reduced escape latency on day 5, a significant increase in the number of platform crossings and the percent spontaneous alternation, and significantly higher hippocampal MMP and ATP levels (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, the expression level of PPAR-γ protein in the ANXA1sp group was significantly increased compared with that in the other groups (p < 0.05). The expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (nuclear factor-kappa B [NF-κB], Bax, and Caspase-3) in the SAE and vehicle groups were significantly increased, with a noticeable decrease in Bcl-2 expression, compared with that noted in the control group. Moreover, the expressions of NF-κB, Bax, and Caspase-3 were significantly decreased in the ANXA1sp group, and the expression of Bcl-2 was markedly increased (p < 0.05). ANXA1sp can effectively reverse cognitive impairment in rats with SAE. The neuroprotective effect of ANXA1sp may be attributed to the activation of the PPAR-γ pathway, resulting in reduced neuroinflammatory response and inhibition of apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Cui
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Nannan Qin
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yonghan Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Yanmei Miao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Leiyu Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Xinglong Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
| | - Zhiquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Critical Care Medicine of the Third Affiliated Hospital (The First People's Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, China
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Song Y, Wang X, Chen C, Wei T, Lang K, Yang D, Song Y. Weaker Response to XueBiJing Treatment in Severe Community-Acquired Pneumonia Patients With Higher Body Mass Index or Hyperglycemia: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:755536. [PMID: 35721170 PMCID: PMC9204492 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.755536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Overweight and hyperglycemia might result in poor prognosis in patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia (SCAP). XueBiJing treatment could significantly improve the outcomes of patients with SCAP. We investigated the efficacy of XueBiJing injection in patients with SCAP stratified by body mass index (BMI) and fasting blood glucose (FBG). Methods: This is a post hoc analysis of XueBiJing trial, a large prospective, randomized, controlled study conducted in 33 hospitals in China. We compared data from non-overweight (BMI <24 kg/m2, n = 425) vs. overweight (BMI ≥24 kg/m2, n = 250) patients as well as non-hyperglycemia (FBG <7 mmol/L, n = 315) vs. hyperglycemia (FBG ≥7 mmol/L, n = 360) patients with XueBiJing, 100 ml, q12 h, or a visually indistinguishable placebo treatment for 5–7 days. Results: Among patients with BMI <24 kg/m2 (n = 425), 33 (15.3%), XueBiJing recipients and 52 (24.9%) placebo recipients (p = 0.0186) died within 28 days. Among patients with BMI ≥24 kg/m2 (n = 250), XueBiJing recipients still had lower mortality (XueBiJing 16.9% vs. placebo 24.2%; p = 0.2068) but without significantly statistical difference. For the FBG group, patients with FBG <7 mmol/L (n = 315), 18 (11.2%) XueBiJing recipients and 32 (20.8%) placebo recipients (p = 0.030) died within 28 days. Among patients with FBG ≥7 mmol/L (n = 360), XueBiJing recipients still had lower mortality (XueBiJing 20.2% vs. placebo 27.8%; p = 0.120) but without significantly statistical difference. The total duration of the ICU stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation were similar in both groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Overweight or hyperglycemia might weaken the efficacy of XueBiJing injection in the treatment of SCAP as indicated by the significant elevated risk of 28-day mortality. Additional studies are needed to validate our findings and to further understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Jin ZH, Zhao XQ, Sun HB, Zhu JL, Gao W. Effect of Xuebijing injection on myocardium during cardiopulmonary bypass: A prospective, randomized, double blind trial. World J Clin Cases 2022; 10:4110-4118. [PMID: 35665116 PMCID: PMC9131227 DOI: 10.12998/wjcc.v10.i13.4110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is an essential procedure for maintaining the blood supply to vital organs in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. However, perioperative cardiac injury related to CPB remains a severe complication in these patients. Cardiac protection is important for patients undergoing CPB.
AIM To evaluate the potential cardioprotective efficacy of the Chinese medicine preparation Xuebijing injection (XBJ) in patients undergoing CPB.
METHODS Sixty patients undergoing cardiac surgery with CPB were randomly allocated to the XBJ and control groups (saline). XBJ was administered intravenously three times: 12 h prior to surgery, at the beginning of the surgery, and 12 h after the second injection. Cardiac function was evaluated by echocardiography 48 h after surgery. Circulating inflammation- and oxidative-stress-related markers were measured. Clinical outcomes related to intensive care unit (ICU) stay were recorded.
RESULTS Compared to control treatment, XBJ was associated with improved PaO2/FiO2 and cardiac systolic function, but reduced troponin I and creatine kinase fraction after surgery (all P < 0.05). The circulating concentrations of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-8 in the XBJ group were significantly lower than those in the control group (all P < 0.05), whereas the circulating concentration of IL-10 was significantly higher in the XBJ group (P < 0.05). In addition, the lengths of ICU stay and hospitalization after surgery tended to be shorter in the XBJ group than in the control group, although the differences were not significant.
CONCLUSION Perioperative administration of XBJ was associated with attenuated cardiac injury during CPB, likely via anti-inflammatory and antioxidative mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhe-Hao Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xiao-Qing Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bin Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jing-Li Zhu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Anesthesiology, The 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, Heilongjiang Province, China
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Yu X, Niu W, Wang YY, Olaleye OE, Wang JN, Duan MY, Yang JL, He RR, Chu ZX, Dong K, Zhang GP, Liu CX, Cheng C, Li C. Novel assays for quality evaluation of XueBiJing: Quality variability of a Chinese herbal injection for sepsis management. J Pharm Anal 2022; 12:664-682. [PMID: 36105162 PMCID: PMC9463487 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2022.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
XueBiJing is an intravenous five-herb injection used to treat sepsis in China. The study aimed to develop a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)- or liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (LC-UV)-based assay for quality evaluation of XueBiJing. Assay development involved identifying marker constituents to make the assay therapeutically relevant and building a reliable one-point calibrator for monitoring the various analytes in parallel. Nine marker constituents from the five herbs were selected based on XueBiJing's chemical composition, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics. A selectivity test (for “similarity of response”) was developed to identify and minimize interference by non-target constituents. Then, an intercept test was developed to fulfill “linearity through zero” for each analyte (absolute ratio of intercept to C response, <2%). Using the newly developed assays, we analyzed samples from 33 batches of XueBiJing, manufactured over three years, and found small batch-to-batch variability in contents of the marker constituents (4.1%–14.8%), except for senkyunolide I (26.5%). To make assays therapeutically relevant, criteria were proposed for defining herbal medicine efficacy & selecting analytes. Two tests were developed to build a one-point assay calibrator for the simultaneous monitoring of various analytes. Variability among 3-year batches of XueBiJing was evaluated for the first time using the therapeutically relevant assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Ya-Ya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Olajide E. Olaleye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Jia-Nan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jun-Ling Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Rong-Rong He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Zi-Xuan Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Kai Dong
- Research Institute, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Gui-Ping Zhang
- Research Institute, Tianjin Chasesun Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Tianjin, 301700, China
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Quality-Marker of Traditional Chinese Medicines, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, 300193, China
| | - Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- Corresponding author.
| | - Chuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- School of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
- Graduate School, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China
- Corresponding author. State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Yan M, Gao F, Chen M, Hu Q, Yang Y, Chen K, Wang P, Lei H, Ma Q. Synergistic Combination of Facile Thiol-Maleimide Derivatization and Supramolecular Solvent-Based Microextraction for UHPLC-HRMS Analysis of Glutathione in Biofluids. Front Chem 2021; 9:786627. [PMID: 34957048 PMCID: PMC8695729 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.786627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant non-protein thiol in biofluids, enabling diverse physiological functions. Among the proposed methods for GSH detection, ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) has the advantages of high sensitivity and efficiency. In this study, a novel analytical method was developed for the determination of GSH using supramolecular solvent (SUPRAS)-based dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (DLLME) and UHPLC–HRMS. N-Laurylmaleimide was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran, which served three functions: 1) precipitate the proteins present in the biofluid sample, 2) provide a reaction environment for derivatization, and 3) enable the use of SUPRAS as the dispersing agent. Critical parameters were optimized based on single factor testing and response surface methodology. The established method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and successful quantitative analysis of GSH in saliva, urine, and plasma samples. Experimental results showed that SUPRAS as an extraction solvent was particularly suitable for the extraction of GSH from complex matrices. The current study provides a useful tool for accurate measurements of GSH concentrations, which could potentially be used for clinical diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Yan
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.,Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
| | - Feng Gao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qi Hu
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China.,School of Chemical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China
| | - Yuqin Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Kedian Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Penglong Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haimin Lei
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Ma
- Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine, Beijing, China
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Cheng C, Yu X. Research Progress in Chinese Herbal Medicines for Treatment of Sepsis: Pharmacological Action, Phytochemistry, and Pharmacokinetics. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:11078. [PMID: 34681737 PMCID: PMC8540716 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222011078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection; the pathophysiology of sepsis is complex. The incidence of sepsis is steadily increasing, with worldwide mortality ranging between 30% and 50%. Current treatment approaches mainly rely on the timely and appropriate administration of antimicrobials and supportive therapies, but the search for pharmacotherapies modulating the host response has been unsuccessful. Chinese herbal medicines, i.e., Chinese patent medicines, Chinese herbal prescriptions, and single Chinese herbs, play an important role in the treatment of sepsis through multicomponent, multipathway, and multitargeting abilities and have been officially recommended for the management of COVID-19. Chinese herbal medicines have therapeutic actions promising for the treatment of sepsis; basic scientific research on these medicines is increasing. However, the material bases of most Chinese herbal medicines and their underlying mechanisms of action have not yet been fully elucidated. This review summarizes the current studies of Chinese herbal medicines used for the treatment of sepsis in terms of clinical efficacy and safety, pharmacological activity, phytochemistry, bioactive constituents, mechanisms of action, and pharmacokinetics, to provide an important foundation for clarifying the pathogenesis of sepsis and developing novel antisepsis drugs based on Chinese herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Zhangjiang Hi-Tech Park, Shanghai 201203, China;
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7
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Zhou Z, Shang T, Li X, Zhu H, Qi YB, Zhao X, Chen X, Shi ZX, Pan G, Wang YF, Fan G, Gao X, Zhu Y, Feng Y. Protecting Intestinal Microenvironment Alleviates Acute Graft-Versus-Host Disease. Front Physiol 2021; 11:608279. [PMID: 33643058 PMCID: PMC7907526 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.608279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gut graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) is a leading threat to the survival of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) recipients. Abnormal gut microbiota is correlated with poor prognosis in allo-HSCT recipients. A disrupted intestinal microenvironment exacerbates dysbiosis in GVHD patients. We hypothesized that maintaining the integrity of the intestinal barrier may protect gut microbiota and attenuate aGVHD. This hypothesis was tested in a murine aGVHD model and an in vitro intestinal epithelial culture. Millipore cytokine array was utilized to determine the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in the serum. The 16S rRNA sequencing was used to determine the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota. Combining Xuebijing injection (XBJ) with a reduced dose of cyclosporine A (CsA) is superior to CsA alone in improving the survival of aGVHD mice and delayed aGVHD progression. This regimen also reduced interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-12 levels in the peripheral blood. 16S rRNA analysis revealed the combination treatment protected gut microbiota in aGVHD mice by reversing the dysbiosis at the phylum, genus, and species level. It inhibited enterococcal expansion, a hallmark of GVHD progression. It inhibited enterococcal expansion, a hallmark of GVHD progression. Furthermore, Escherichia coli expansion was inhibited by this regimen. Pathology analysis revealed that the combination treatment improved the integrity of the intestinal tissue of aGVHD mice. It also reduced the intestinal permeability in aGVHD mice. Besides, XBJ ameliorated doxorubicin-induced intestinal epithelial death in CCK-8 assay. Overall, combining XBJ with CsA protected the intestinal microenvironment to prevent aGVHD. Our findings suggested that protecting the intestinal microenvironment could be a novel strategy to manage aGVHD. Combining XBJ with CsA may reduce the side effects of current aGVHD prevention regimens and improve the quality of life of allo-HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengcan Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yu-Bo Qi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhe-Xin Shi
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Guanwei Fan
- First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biotechnology and Medicine, Tianjin, China
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8
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Long J, Liu L, Jia Q, Yang Z, Sun Z, Yan C, Yan D. Integrated biomarker for type 2 diabetes mellitus and impaired fasting glucose based on metabolomics analysis using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34:e8779. [PMID: 32159245 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing but its early diagnosis in high risk populations remains challenging using only fasting blood glucose (FBG) or hemoglobin A1c measurements. It is, therefore, important to search for an integrated biomarker for early diagnosis by determining metabolites associated with the progression of the disease. METHODS We recruited 149 participants (51 T2DM patients, 50 individuals with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and 48 normal glucose tolerance subjects). Their serum samples were analyzed based on a metabolomics approach using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-Orbitrap high-resolution accurate mass spectrometry (UHPLC/Q-Orbitrap HRMS). The changes in metabolites were profiled and evaluated using univariate and multivariate analyses. Furthermore, a biomarker model was established and the potential biomarkers were evaluated using binary logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic analysis with AUC (area under the curve). Pathway analysis of differential metabolites was performed to reveal the important biological information. RESULTS Thirty-eight differential metabolites were identified as significantly associated with T2DM patients and 23 differential metabolites with IFG individuals, mainly amino acids, carnitines, and phospholipids. By evaluating 17 potential biomarkers, we defined a novel integrated biomarker consisting of 2-acetolactate, 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate, L-arabinose and L-glutamine. The AUCs of the integrated biomarker with IFG and T2DM patients were 0.874 and 0.994, respectively, which showed a superior diagnostic performance. The levels of 2-acetolactate and 2-hydroxy-2,4-pentadienoate were strongly positively correlated with FBG, while L-glutamine and L-arabinose were strongly negatively associated with FBG. After pathway analysis, it was suggested that the majority of the influenced metabolic pathways associated with diabetes referred to amino acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS The integrated biomarker could diagnose IFG and T2DM with a superior diagnostic performance. This finding provides support for novel biomarkers in the diagnosis and treatment of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianglan Long
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Liwei Liu
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qingquan Jia
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhirui Yang
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Can Yan
- College of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510006, China
| | - Dan Yan
- Beijing Key Laboratory and Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation of Bio-characteristic Profiling for Evaluation of Rational Drug Use, Capital Medical University Affiliated Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Beijing, 100038, China
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9
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Liu LW, Shi YY, Li ZL, Zuo LH, Tang M, Jing ZW, Zhao HY, Xue P, Zhou L, Du QZ, Zhang XJ, Sun Z. Metabolomic Insights Into the Synergistic Effect of Biapenem in Combination With Xuebijing Injection Against Sepsis. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:502. [PMID: 32390846 PMCID: PMC7189733 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug combination of biapenem (BIPM) and xuebijing injection (XBJ) is commonly applied for the treatment of sepsis in China. However, the potential synergistic mechanism is still enigmatic. There have been no studies focused on the plasma metabolome alterations in sepsis after the intervention of this combination. In this work, an untargeted metabolomics approach was performed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled with multivariate statistical analysis to provide new insights into the synergistic effect of BIPM in combination with XBJ. We characterized the metabolic phenotype of sepsis and described metabolic footprint changes in septic rats responding to XBJ and BIPM individually and in combination, in addition to histopathological and survival evaluation. A total of 91 potential biomarkers of sepsis were identified and 32 disturbed metabolic pathways were constructed. Among these biomarkers, 36 metabolites were reversely regulated by XBJ, mainly including glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, free fatty acids (FFAs), bile acids and acylcarnitines; 42 metabolites were regulated by BIPM, mainly including amino acids, glycerophospholipids, and acylcarnitines; 72 metabolites were regulated after XBJ-BIPM combination treatment, including most of the 91 potential biomarkers. The results showed that the interaction between XBJ and BIPM indeed exhibited a synergistic effect by affecting some key endogenous metabolites, 15 metabolites of which could not be regulated when XBJ or BIPM was used alone. Compared with Model group, 13, 22, and 27 metabolic pathways were regulated by XBJ, BIPM, and XBJ-BIPM combination, respectively. It suggested that many more endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways were significantly regulated after combination treatment compared with XBJ or BIPM monotherapy. Metabolisms of lipids, amino acids, acylcarnitines, and bile acids were common pathways involved in the synergistic action of XBJ and BIPM. This study was the first to employ metabolomics to elucidate the synergistic effect and decipher the underlying mechanisms of BIPM in combination with XBJ against sepsis. The results provide some support for clinical application of antibiotics in combination with traditional Chinese medicines and have important implications for the treatment of sepsis in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Wei Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Ying-Ying Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Lun Li
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Li-Hua Zuo
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Meng Tang
- The First Department of Orthopaedics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital Affiliated to Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zi-Wei Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Hong-Yu Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Peng Xue
- Health Management Centre, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qiu-Zheng Du
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Jian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Zhi Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Key Laboratory of Precision Clinical Pharmacy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Engineering Research Center of Clinical Mass Spectrometry for Precision Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Li T, Qian Y, Miao Z, Zheng P, Shi T, Jiang X, Pan L, Qian F, Yang G, An H, Zheng Y. Xuebijing Injection Alleviates Pam3CSK4-Induced Inflammatory Response and Protects Mice From Sepsis Caused by Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:104. [PMID: 32153410 PMCID: PMC7047170 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A leading cause of death worldwide is sepsis that develops as a dysregulated immune response to infection. Serious infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) increases the difficulty of treatment in septic patients. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging approach to bacterial infections. Xuebijing injection (XBJ), a commercialized injectable prescription from traditional Chinese medicine, has been used as adjuvant therapy for sepsis with a history of 15 years. Whether it plays a protective role in severe infection caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria is still unknown. In this study, XBJ significantly improved the survival of MRSA-induced sepsis mice. In MRSA-infected mouse model, XBJ down-regulated the expression of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, MCP-1, MIP-2, and IL-10 in sera. Besides that, it decreased the bacterial load in spleens, livers, and alleviated tissue damage of lung, liver, and kidney. The combination of XBJ with vancomycin or dexamethasone exhibited a better down-regulatory role of the inflammatory response. Then, the protective mechanism of XBJ was further investigated. XBJ inhibited heat-killed MRSA-induced IL-6 and TNF-α production in mouse macrophages. XBJ also decreased Pam3CSK4 (a synthetic tripalmitoylated lipopeptide mimicking bacterial lipoproteins)-stimulated expression of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-12, etc. in mouse macrophages. Furthermore, XBJ down-regulated the activation of NF-κB, MAPK, and PI3K/Akt pathways in Pam3CSK4-stimulated mouse macrophages. In conclusion, our findings demonstrated that XBJ played a protective role in MRSA-challenged mice and down-regulated the inflammatory response and the activation of signaling pathways initiated by Pam3CSK4. It enlarged the clinical application of XBJ in the treatment of severe bacterial infection, e.g. caused by MRSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiantian Li
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiming Qian
- Department of Emergency, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhulei Miao
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Peiyong Zheng
- Institute of Digestive Diseases, Longhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Shi
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinru Jiang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lingyun Pan
- Experiment Center for Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fenghua Qian
- Department of Emergency, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guizhen Yang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huazhang An
- Clinical Cancer Institute, Center of Translational Medicine, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuejuan Zheng
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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11
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Shang T, Yu Q, Ren T, Wang XT, Zhu H, Gao JM, Pan G, Gao X, Zhu Y, Feng Y, Li MC. Xuebijing Injection Maintains GRP78 Expression to Prevent Candida albicans-Induced Epithelial Death in the Kidney. Front Pharmacol 2020; 10:1416. [PMID: 31969817 PMCID: PMC6956827 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Sepsis and septic shock threaten the survival of millions of patients in the intensive care unit. Secondary fungal infections significantly increased the risk of mortality in sepsis patients. Chinese medicine Xuebijing injection (XBJ) has been routinely used as an add-on treatment to sepsis and septic shock in China. Our network pharmacology analysis predicted that XBJ also influences fungal infection, consisting with results of pioneer clinical studies. We conducted in vivo and in vitro experiments to verify this prediction. To our surprise, XBJ rescued mice from lethal Candida sepsis in a disseminated Candida albicans infection model and abolished the colonization of C. albicans in kidneys. Although XBJ did not inhibit the growth and the virulence of C. albicans in vitro, it enhanced the viability of 293T cells upon C. albicans insults. Further RNA-seq analysis revealed that XBJ activated the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway upon C. albicans infection. Western blot confirmed that XBJ maintained the expression of GRP78 in the presence of C. albicans. Interestingly, key active ingredients in XBJ (C0127) mirrored the effects of XBJ. C0127 not only rescued mice from lethal Candida sepsis and prevented the colonization of C. albicans in kidneys, but also sustained the survival of kidney epithelial cells partially by maintaining the expression of GRP78. These results suggested that XBJ may prevent fungal infection in sepsis patients. Pre-activation of ER stress pathway is a novel strategy to control C. albicans infection. Network pharmacology may accelerate drug development in the field of infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Qilin Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Tongtong Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin-Tong Wang
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Jia-Ming Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Guixiang Pan
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiumei Gao
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Zhu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuxin Feng
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China.,Research and Development Center of TCM, Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, TEDA, Tianjin, China
| | - Ming-Chun Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology and Technology for Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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12
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Li J, Olaleye OE, Yu X, Jia W, Yang J, Lu C, Liu S, Yu J, Duan X, Wang Y, Dong K, He R, Cheng C, Li C. High degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility exists between the five-herb medicine XueBiJing and antibiotics comedicated in sepsis care. Acta Pharm Sin B 2019; 9:1035-1049. [PMID: 31649852 PMCID: PMC6804443 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Revised: 04/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Managing the dysregulated host response to infection remains a major challenge in sepsis care. Chinese treatment guideline recommends adding XueBiJing, a five-herb medicine, to antibiotic-based sepsis care. Although adding XueBiJing further reduced 28-day mortality via modulating the host response, pharmacokinetic herb–drug interaction is a widely recognized issue that needs to be studied. Building on our earlier systematic chemical and human pharmacokinetic investigations of XueBiJing, we evaluated the degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility for XueBiJing/antibiotic combination based on mechanistic evidence of interaction risk. Considering both XueBiJing‒antibiotic and antibiotic‒XueBiJing interaction potential, we integrated informatics-based approach with experimental approach and developed a compound pair-based method for data processing. To reflect clinical reality, we selected for study XueBiJing compounds bioavailable for drug interactions and 45 antibiotics commonly used in sepsis care in China. Based on the data of interacting with drug metabolizing enzymes and transporters, no XueBiJing compound could pair, as perpetrator, with the antibiotics. Although some antibiotics could, due to their inhibition of uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferase 2B15, organic anion transporters 1/2 and/or organic anion-transporting polypeptide 1B3, pair with senkyunolide I, tanshinol and salvianolic acid B, the potential interactions (resulting in increased exposure) are likely desirable due to these XueBiJing compounds' low baseline exposure levels. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase by 7 antibiotics probably results in undesirable reduction of exposure to protocatechuic acid from XueBiJing. Collectively, XueBiJing/antibiotic combination exhibited a high degree of pharmacokinetic compatibility at clinically relevant doses. The methodology developed can be applied to investigate other drug combinations.
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Key Words
- 4-MU, 4-methylumbelliferone
- 4-MUG, 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-d-glucuronide
- ABC transporter, ATP-binding cassette transporter
- ADR, adverse drug reaction
- ALDH, aldehyde dehydrogenase
- AMP, adenosine monophosphate
- AQ, amodiaquine
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- Antibiotic
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- BSEP, bile salt export pump
- CLR, renal clearance
- CLtot,p, total plasma clearance
- COMT, catechol-O-methyltransferase
- Cmax, maximum plasma concentration
- Combination drug therapy
- DDI, drug‒drug interaction
- DEAQ, desethylamodiaquine
- E2, β-estradiol
- E217βG, estradiol-17β-d-glucuronide
- E23βG, β-estradiol-3-β-d-glucuronide
- GF, glomerular filtration
- GFR, glomerular filtration rate
- HEK-293, human embryonic kidney 293 cell line
- Herb‒drug interaction
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- Km, Michaelis constant
- MATE, multidrug and toxin extrusion protein
- MDR1, multidrug resistance transporter 1
- MRP, multidrug resistance protein
- NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- OAT, organic anion transporter
- OATP, organic anion-transporting polypeptide
- OCT, organic cation transporter
- PAH, para-aminohippuric acid
- PK, pharmacokinetic
- PKC, pharmacokinetic compatibility
- Pharmacokinetic compatibility
- SLC transporter, solute carrier transporter
- Sepsis
- TEA, tetraethylammonium
- TFP, trifluoperazine
- TFPG, trifluoperazine-N-β-d-glucuronide
- TS, tubular secretion
- UGT, uridine 5′-diphosphoglucuronosyltransferases
- VSS, apparent volume of distribution at steady state
- XueBiJing
- fe-U, fraction of dose excreted unchanged into urine
- fu-p, unbound fraction in plasma
- t1/2, elimination half-life
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13
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Zhang Y, Bian X, Yang J, Wu H, Wu JL, Li N. Metabolomics of Clinical Poisoning by Aconitum Alkaloids Using Derivatization LC-MS. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:275. [PMID: 30967780 PMCID: PMC6439482 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The root of Aconitum kusnezoffii (Caowu in Chinese, CW) is not only commonly used as a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), but also served as a tonic in China. Due to its high toxicity, clinical poisoning cases induced by CW have frequently been reported. However, the mechanism is still unclear. In this study, Aconitum alkaloids and altered endogenous metabolites in CW poisoning patients were investigated to elucidate the possible intoxication mechanism. Eighteen alkaloids, including 6 toxic diester diterpenoid alkaloids (DDAs), were determined from the sera of patients. At the same time, 5-(diisopropylamino)amylamine (DIAAA) derivatization-ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography- quadrupole-time of flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Q-TOF/MS) approach was applied in the metabolomics analysis to find much more carboxyl-containing metabolites (CCMs), which are the essential components for life and critical to elucidate the mechanism of toxicity. As a result, 32 altered metabolites after poisoning were identified. Among them, hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETEs) and some dicarboxylic acids were first found to be related to Aconitum alkaloids toxicity. Finally, biological pathway analysis indicated that the significantly changed metabolites were primarily involved in amino acid metabolism, TCA cycle, fatty acid metabolism, pyruvate metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, sphingolipid metabolism and so on. These results can not only provide more information on the mechanism of CW intoxication but also help the clinical diagnosis of CW poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yida Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Xiqing Bian
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Haiying Wu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Jian-Lin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
| | - Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Macau Institute for Applied Research in Medicine and Health, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macao, China
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