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Laveriano-Santos EP, Luque-Corredera C, Trius-Soler M, Lozano-Castellón J, Dominguez-López I, Castro-Barquero S, Vallverdú-Queralt A, Lamuela-Raventós RM, Pérez M. Enterolignans: from natural origins to cardiometabolic significance, including chemistry, dietary sources, bioavailability, and activity. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2024:1-21. [PMID: 38952149 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2024.2371939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
The enterolignans, enterolactone and enterodiol, the main metabolites produced from plant lignans by the gut microbiota, have enhanced bioavailability and activity compared to their precursors, with beneficial effects on metabolic and cardiovascular health. Although extensively studied, the biosynthesis, cardiometabolic effects, and other therapeutic implications of mammalian lignans are still incompletely understood. The aim of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of these phytoestrogen metabolites based on up-to-date information reported in studies from a wide range of disciplines. Established and novel synthetic strategies are described, as are the various lignan precursors, their dietary sources, and a proposed metabolic pathway for their conversion to enterolignans. The methodologies used for enterolignan analysis and the available data on pharmacokinetics and bioavailability are summarized and their cardiometabolic bioactivity is explored in detail. The special focus given to research on the health benefits of microbial-derived lignan metabolites underscores the critical role of lignan-rich diets in promoting cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily P Laveriano-Santos
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Marta Trius-Soler
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julian Lozano-Castellón
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Dominguez-López
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Castro-Barquero
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- BCNatal|Fetal Medicine Research Center (Hospital Clínic and Hospital Sant Joan de Déu), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Vallverdú-Queralt
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rosa M Lamuela-Raventós
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Pérez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Gastronomy, XIA, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Polyphenol Research Group, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- INSA-UB, Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute, University of Barcelona, Santa Coloma de Gramanet, Spain
- CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Yang XY, Wu DD, Zhuang CC, Ma CM. Anti-osteoporosis effects of mammalian lignans and their precursors from flaxseed and safflower seed using zebrafish model. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5278-5290. [PMID: 37889085 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Secoisolariciresinol diglucoside (SDG) and tracheloside (TCL) are the main lignan components of flaxseed cake and safflower seed cake, which are by-products of oil extraction. Both SDG and TCL are metabolized into mammalian lignan enterolactone (EL) with the involvement of intestinal bacteria. In this research, we evaluated the anti-osteoporosis effects of SDG and the in vivo metabolites EL and enterodiol (ED) prepared in our previous work, as well as the newly isolated chemical constituents from safflower seed, including TCL, the lactone ring opening product of TCL (OTCL) and two alkaloids on the alloxan-induced zebrafish model. All the compounds showed significant anti-osteoporosis effects at 80 µM, with p < 0.05 for EL and p < 0.001 for other compounds compared with the model. SDG and TCL showed the most significant and concentration-dependent effects, with p < 0.001 compared with model at 20 µM. The alkaloids, N-coumaroylserotonin glucoside and N-feruloylserotonin glucoside, also showed anti-osteoporosis at 20 µM with p < 0.01, whereas EL, ED, and OTCL showed no significant effects. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction revealed that SDG and TCL upregulated the expression of osteogenic genes Runx2, SP7, OPG, Col1a1a, Alp, ON, OPN, and OCN in alloxan-treated zebrafish. The in vivo metabolite of lignans, EL, showed significant anti-inflammatory effect (p < 0.01) at 20 µM, which might also help to combat osteoporosis and other complications caused by excessive immune response in the body. The results provided scientific data for using the oil extraction by-products as sources of anti-osteoporosis compounds. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: This study found that lignans in flaxseed cake and safflower seed cake exhibited anti-osteoporosis effects by upregulating the expression of osteogenic genes, making the oil extraction by-products sources of anti-osteoporosis compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yue Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Dan-Dan Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Cong-Cong Zhuang
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Chao-Mei Ma
- School of Life Sciences, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Arabshomali A, Bazzazzadehgan S, Mahdi F, Shariat-Madar Z. Potential Benefits of Antioxidant Phytochemicals in Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2023; 28:7209. [PMID: 37894687 PMCID: PMC10609456 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical relationship between diabetes and inflammation is well established. Evidence clearly indicates that disrupting oxidant-antioxidant equilibrium and elevated lipid peroxidation could be a potential mechanism for chronic kidney disease associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Under diabetic conditions, hyperglycemia, especially inflammation, and increased reactive oxygen species generation are bidirectionally associated. Inflammation, oxidative stress, and tissue damage are believed to play a role in the development of diabetes. Although the exact mechanism underlying oxidative stress and its impact on diabetes progression remains uncertain, the hyperglycemia-inflammation-oxidative stress interaction clearly plays a significant role in the onset and progression of vascular disease, kidney disease, hepatic injury, and pancreas damage and, therefore, holds promise as a therapeutic target. Evidence strongly indicates that the use of multiple antidiabetic medications fails to achieve the normal range for glycated hemoglobin targets, signifying treatment-resistant diabetes. Antioxidants with polyphenols are considered useful as adjuvant therapy for their potential anti-inflammatory effect and antioxidant activity. We aimed to analyze the current major points reported in preclinical, in vivo, and clinical studies of antioxidants in the prevention or treatment of inflammation in T2DM. Then, we will share our speculative vision for future diabetes clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arman Arabshomali
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (A.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Shadi Bazzazzadehgan
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA; (A.A.); (S.B.)
| | - Fakhri Mahdi
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Zia Shariat-Madar
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, Division of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
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Wang C, Wu R, Zhang S, Gong L, Fu K, Yao C, Peng C, Li Y. A comprehensive review on pharmacological, toxicity, and pharmacokinetic properties of phillygenin: Current landscape and future perspectives. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 166:115410. [PMID: 37659207 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Forsythiae Fructus is a traditional Chinese medicine frequently in clinics. It is extensive in the treatment of various inflammation-related diseases and is renowned as 'the holy medicine of sores'. Phillygenin (C21H24O6, PHI) is a component of lignan that has been extracted from Forsythiae Fructus and exhibits notable biological activity. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that PHI demonstrates significant activities in the treatment of various diseases, including inflammatory diseases, liver diseases, cancer, bacterial infection and virus infection. Therefore, this review comprehensively summarizes the pharmacological effects of PHI up to June 2023 by searching PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, CNKI, and SciFinder databases. According to the data, PHI shows remarkable anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, antitumour, antibacterial, antiviral, immunoregulatory, analgesic, antihypertensive and vasodilatory activities. More importantly, NF-κB, MAPK, PI3K/AKT, P2X7R/NLRP3, Nrf2-ARE, JAK/STAT, Ca2+-calcineurin-TFEB, TGF-β/Smads, Notch1 and AMPK/ERK/NF-κB signaling pathways are considered as important molecular targets for PHI to exert these pharmacological activities. Studies of its toxicity and pharmacokinetic properties have shown that PHI has very low toxicity, incomplete absorption in vivo and low oral bioavailability. In addition, the physico-chemical properties, new formulations, derivatives and existing challenges and prospects of PHI are also reviewed and discussed in this paper, aiming to provide direction and rationale for the further development and clinical application of PHI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Rui Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Shenglin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Lihong Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Ke Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Chenhao Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Cheng Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China.
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Arruda HS, Angolini CFF, Eberlin MN, Pastore GM, Marostica Junior MR. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS Profiling of Phytochemicals from Araticum Fruit ( Annona crassiflora Mart.) and Its Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2023; 12:3456. [PMID: 37761165 PMCID: PMC10528599 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Araticum is a native species of the Brazilian Cerrado with a high potential for exploitation. Several studies have stated that araticum is a rich source of phytochemicals with multifaceted biological actions. However, little information is available regarding the characterization of phytochemicals found in the pulp of this fruit. In this context, this study aimed to carry out a comprehensive characterization of phytochemicals present in the araticum pulp using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer (UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS). The antioxidant potential of araticum pulp was also evaluated. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS profiling of the phytochemicals allowed for the identification and annotation of 139 phytochemicals, including organic acids, jasmonates, iridoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, annonaceous acetogenins, fatty acid derivatives, and other compounds. Among them, 116 compounds have been found for the first time in araticum pulp. Phenolic compounds and their derivatives represented about 59% of the phytochemicals identified in the extract. Moreover, araticum pulp showed high total phenolic compound content and antioxidant activity. The majority of identified phytochemicals have been associated with key roles in the plant's defense mechanisms against biotic and abiotic stress factors in the Cerrado environment. Furthermore, many of these phytochemicals found in the araticum pulp are already widely recognized for their beneficial effects on human health. Our findings showed that the araticum fruit contains different classes of phytochemicals that exert various biological activities, both in the plant itself and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrique Silvano Arruda
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.M.P.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Célio Fernando Figueiredo Angolini
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro s/n, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.F.F.A.); (M.N.E.)
- Center for Natural and Human Sciences, Federal University of ABC, Avenida dos Estados 5001, Santo André 09210-580, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Nogueira Eberlin
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, Rua Josué de Castro s/n, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil; (C.F.F.A.); (M.N.E.)
- MackMass Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry, School of Engineering, PPGEMN & Mackenzie Institute of Research in Graphene and Nanotechnologies, Mackenzie Presbyterian University, Rua da Consolação 896, São Paulo 01302-907, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Glaucia Maria Pastore
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.M.P.); (M.R.M.J.)
| | - Mario Roberto Marostica Junior
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Rua Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas 13083-862, São Paulo, Brazil; (G.M.P.); (M.R.M.J.)
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Guo J, Tang JK, Wang BF, Yan WR, Li T, Guo XJ, Zhang L, Wang T, Sun QY, Zhang LW. Phillygenin from Forsythia suspensa leaves exhibits analgesic potential and anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14460. [PMID: 36200742 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl (Oleaceae) leaves are valuable sources of phillygenin. This study aimed to isolate phillygenin from F. suspensa leaves and examine its analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Phillygenin was successfully extracted and isolated from F. suspensa leaves after fermentation. Phillygenin significantly reduced the number of writhing induced by acetic acid, prolonged the latency period in the hot plate test, and inhibited the xylene-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, NO, and PGE2 levels in the carrageenan-induced paw edema were notably reduced after pretreatment with phillygenin. Phillygenin significantly decreased the iNOS and COX-2 protein expressions and the IκB-α and NF-κB p65 phosphorylation. This study demonstrated that phillygenin is a potential therapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation-mediated disorders. The study contributes to the comprehensive development and utilization of F. suspensa leaves for economic and health care. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Phillygenin is one of the major active ingredients in Forsythia suspensa. But the content of phillygenin in F. suspensa is very low which limits its application. Phillygenin has potential pharmacological activity and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the potential effects of phillygenin on analgesic activity have not been clarified. Furthermore, the data on its anti-inflammatory activity in vivo are relatively limited. This study evaluated the analgesic activity for the first time and the acute anti-inflammatory effect of phillygenin from F. suspensa leaves by fermentation, which indicated phillygenin is a potential therapeutic candidate for managing pain and inflammation-mediated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China.,State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Center for Pharmacology and Bioactivity Research, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Jian-Kai Tang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Bai-Fang Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wen-Rui Yan
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ting Li
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xue-Jian Guo
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Qian-Yun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China.,Center for Pharmacology and Bioactivity Research, The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products, Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-Wei Zhang
- Institute of Molecular Science, Modern Research Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
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Zhao Y, Zhong X, Yan J, Sun C, Zhao X, Wang X. Potential roles of gut microbes in biotransformation of natural products: An overview. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:956378. [PMID: 36246222 PMCID: PMC9560768 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.956378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products have been extensively applied in clinical practice, characterized by multi-component and multi-target, many pharmacodynamic substances, complex action mechanisms, and various physiological activities. For the oral administration of natural products, the gut microbiota and clinical efficacy are closely related, but this relationship remains unclear. Gut microbes play an important role in the transformation and utilization of natural products caused by the diversity of enzyme systems. Effective components such as flavonoids, alkaloids, lignans, and phenols cannot be metabolized directly through human digestive enzymes but can be transformed by enzymes produced by gut microorganisms and then utilized. Therefore, the focus is paid to the metabolism of natural products through the gut microbiota. In the present study, we systematically reviewed the studies about gut microbiota and their effect on the biotransformation of various components of natural products and highlighted the involved common bacteria, reaction types, pharmacological actions, and research methods. This study aims to provide theoretical support for the clinical application in the prevention and treatment of diseases and provide new ideas for studying natural products based on gut biotransformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucui Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinqin Zhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junyuan Yan
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Congying Sun
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Zhao,
| | - Xiaoying Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pharmacology of Traditional Chinese Medical Formulae, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Xiaoying Wang,
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Patyra A, Kołtun-Jasion M, Jakubiak O, Kiss AK. Extraction Techniques and Analytical Methods for Isolation and Characterization of Lignans. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11172323. [PMID: 36079704 PMCID: PMC9460740 DOI: 10.3390/plants11172323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Lignans are a group of natural polyphenols present in medicinal plants and in plants which are a part of the human diet for which more and more pharmacological activities, such as antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and cytoprotective, are being reported. However, it is their cytotoxic activities that are best understood and which have shed light on this group. Two anticancer drugs, etoposide, and teniposide, were derived from a potent cytotoxic agent—podophyllotoxin from the roots of Podophyllum peltatum. The evidence from clinical and observational studies suggests that human microbiota metabolites (enterolactone, enterodiol) of dietary lignans (secoisolariciresinol, pinoresinol, lariciresinol, matairesinol, syringaresinol, medioresinol, and sesamin) are associated with a reduced risk of some hormone-dependent cancers. The biological in vitro, pharmacological in vivo investigations, and clinical studies demand significant amounts of pure compounds, as well as the use of well-defined and standardized extracts. That is why proper extract preparation, optimization of lignan extraction, and identification are crucial steps in the development of lignan use in medicine. This review focuses on lignan extraction, purification, fractionation, separation, and isolation methods, as well as on chromatographic, spectrometric, and spectroscopic techniques for their qualitative and quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Doctoral School, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34293 Montpellier, France
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
| | - Małgorzata Kołtun-Jasion
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Oktawia Jakubiak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Karolina Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (A.K.K.); Tel.: +48-662-11-77-90 (A.P.); +48-511-13-98-03 (A.K.K.)
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Prucsi Z, Płonczyńska A, Potempa J, Sochalska M. Uncovering the Oral Dysbiotic Microbiota as Masters of Neutrophil Responses in the Pathobiology of Periodontitis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:729717. [PMID: 34707586 PMCID: PMC8542842 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.729717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous bacterial species participate in the shift of the oral microbiome from beneficial to dysbiotic. The biggest challenge lying ahead of microbiologists, immunologists and dentists is the fact that the bacterial species act differently, although usually synergistically, on the host immune cells, including neutrophils, and on the surrounding tissues, making the investigation of single factors challenging. As biofilm is a complex community, the members interact with each other, which can be a key issue in future studies designed to develop effective treatments. To understand how a patient gets to the stage of the late-onset (previously termed chronic) periodontitis or develops other, in some cases life-threatening, diseases, it is crucial to identify the microbial composition of the biofilm and the mechanisms behind its pathogenicity. The members of the red complex (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola, and Tannerella forsythia) have long been associated as the cause of periodontitis and stayed in the focus of research. However, novel techniques, such as 16S clonal analysis, demonstrated that the oral microbiome diversity is greater than ever expected and it opened a new era in periodontal research. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge concerning bacterial participation beyond P. gingivalis and the red complex in periodontal inflammation mediated by neutrophils and to spread awareness about the associated diseases and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsombor Prucsi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Alicja Płonczyńska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | - Jan Potempa
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Oral Immunity and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Maja Sochalska
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Tissue-Specific Accumulation and Isomerization of Valuable Phenylethanoid Glycosides from Plantago and Forsythia Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083880. [PMID: 33918622 PMCID: PMC8069251 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A comparative phytochemical study on the phenylethanoid glycoside (PhEG) composition of the underground organs of three Plantago species (P. lanceolata, P. major, and P. media) and that of the fruit wall and seed parts of Forsythia suspensa and F. europaea fruits was performed. The leaves of these Forsythia species and six cultivars of the hybrid F. × intermedia were also analyzed, demonstrating the tissue-specific accumulation and decomposition of PhEGs. Our analyses confirmed the significance of selected tissues as new and abundant sources of these valuable natural compounds. The optimized heat treatment of tissues containing high amounts of the PhEG plantamajoside (PM) or forsythoside A (FA), which was performed in distilled water, resulted in their characteristic isomerizations. In addition to PM and FA, high amounts of the isomerization products could also be isolated after heat treatment. The isomerization mechanisms were elucidated by molecular modeling, and the structures of PhEGs were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HR-MS) techniques, also confirming the possibility of discriminating regioisomeric PhEGs by tandem MS. The PhEGs showed no cytostatic activity in non-human primate Vero E6 cells, supporting their safe use as natural medicines and allowing their antiviral potency to be tested.
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Gierlikowska B, Filipek A, Gierlikowski W, Kania D, Stefańska J, Demkow U, Kiss AK. Grindelia squarrosa Extract and Grindelic Acid Modulate Pro-inflammatory Functions of Respiratory Epithelium and Human Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:534111. [PMID: 33536899 PMCID: PMC7848105 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.534111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study: Both nasal and bronchial epithelial cells have evolved sophisticated mechanisms involved in cellular response to bacterial infection. Recognition of pathogens by TLR receptors activate the NF-κB transcription factor, and lead to production of wide spectrum of cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 and IL-8). Released by epithelium proinflammatory cytokines intensify migration of macrophages to damaged tissues and modulate their pro-inflammatory functions. Based on traditional use of G. squarrosa aerial parts we hypothesized that successful treatment of cold-related diseases may arise from modulation of the pro-inflammatory functions of respiratory epithelium and human monocytes/macrophages. The biological activity of G. squarrosa extract and grindelic acid were compared with clarithromycin and budesonide used as positive controls. Methods: The expression of surface receptors (TLR-4, IL-10) and expression of adhesive molecules (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) was analyzed with flow cytometry. The macrophage attachment to the epithelial cells was assessed fluorimetrically. The p65 NF-κB concentration and cytokine production was measured spectrophotometrically using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibacterial activity was examined by the standard disc-diffusion method and serial dilution method according to CLSI guidelines. Results:G. squarrosa extract and grindelic acid had no antimicrobial effect. However, we noticed significant modulation of pro-inflammatory functions of LPS-stimulated nasal and bronchial epithelium. G. squarrosa extract treatment resulted in decrease of TLR-4 expression and p65 NF-κB concentration and inhibition of cytokines synthesis (IL-8, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6) in both cellular models. Additionally, G. squarrosa extract slightly modulated ICAM-1 expression affecting on attachment of macrophages to epithelium. Only G. squarrosa extract was able to stimulate the anti-inflammatory functions of macrophages by inducing TGF-β release and IL-10 receptor surface expression. Grindelic acid, identified as a dominant compound in the plant extract, modulated pro-inflammatory functions of epithelium and macrophages slightly. Conclusion: The obtained results support traditional use of Grindelia squarrosa preparations for a treatment cold-associated diseases symptoms. In our opinion, the observed biological effect of extract may be a consequence of synergistic effect of all compounds present in the extract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Filipek
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Wojciech Gierlikowski
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Dominika Kania
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Stefańska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Centre for Preclinical Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Urszula Demkow
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Soleymani S, Habtemariam S, Rahimi R, Nabavi SM. The what and who of dietary lignans in human health: Special focus on prooxidant and antioxidant effects. Trends Food Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2020.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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13
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Du M, Zhang Y, Shi X, Liu M. Comparative efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for lipodermatosclerosis: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23386. [PMID: 33217882 PMCID: PMC7676565 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lipodermatosclerosis (LDS) is a severe skin change accompanied by the development of chronic venous disease of the lower extremities. Its main clinical manifestations are erythema, induration, hyperpigmentation, and rough and thickened skin. It may also eventually lead to refractory ulcers, skin necrosis and even cancer. Conventional treatment methods mainly include the intake of oral anabolic hormones or androgen and pressure therapy. However, patients often refuse due to their drug resistance and intolerance. As a clinical irreplaceable treatment method for LDS, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has not been compared of the safety and effectiveness so far. Therefore, we cannot wait to use a method to compare the efficacy of TCM for LDS systematically, such as network meta-analysis (NMA). METHODS We will retrieve the relevant Chinese and English databases comprehensively. All the randomized controlled trials of TCM for LDS from January 2015 to September 2020 will be included. Under the guidance of inclusion criteria, 2 researchers will screen the literature, then assess the risk of bias and extract data. We will use Bayesian NMA to evaluate all available evidence in STATA 14.0 and WinBUGS software. RESULTS This study will use Bayesian NMA to evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM for LDS. CONCLUSION This study provide a reliable theoretical basis for the clinical application of TCM in the treatment of LDS, and contribute to the formulation of treatment guidelines for LDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Du
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
| | - Yudong Zhang
- Department of Peripheral Blood Vessel, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong
| | - Xiaohua Shi
- Department of Trauma Orthopaedics, Zhengzhou Orthopaedic Hospital, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Peripheral Blood Vessel, The Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong
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Engels NS, Gierlikowska B, Waltenberger B, Chang FR, Kiss AK, Stuppner H. A New Diterpene and Anti-inflammatory Sesquiterpene Lactones from Sigesbeckia orientalis. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1108-1117. [PMID: 32957145 DOI: 10.1055/a-1232-6869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sigesbeckia orientalis, more commonly referred to as Herba Sigesbeckiae or Xi Xian Cao in traditional Chinese medicine and hy thiêm in traditional Vietnamese medicine, is used in China and Vietnam to treat inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, rheumatism, and joint pain. In initial investigations, the dichloromethane extract from the aerial parts of S. orientalis showed distinct inhibitory effects on the release of interleukin-8 in human neutrophils. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was the phytochemical investigation of the bioactive dichloromethane extract and the in vitro analysis of the effects of the isolated compounds on interleukin-8, interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α, and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 release, and surface expression of adhesion molecules (CD11a, CD11b, and CD62L) in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human neutrophils to identify the active principle(s). The separation of the bioactive dichloromethane extract using various chromatographic techniques led to the isolation of nine compounds. Their chemical structures were elucidated from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry data. One diterpene, 17(13 → 14)-abeo-ent-3S*,13S*,16-trihydroxystrob-8(15)-ene, was identified as a new natural product. Three germacranolide sesquiterpene lactones inhibited interleukin-8 production with IC50 values between 1.6 and 6.3 µM, respectively, and tumor necrosis factor-α production with IC50 values between 0.9 and 3.3 µM, respectively. Furthermore, they significantly inhibited interleukin-1β and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 production and diminished the effects of lipopolysaccharide on the surface expression of the adhesion molecules CD11a, CD11b, and CD62L. These findings support the traditional use of S. orientalis in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora S Engels
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Barbara Gierlikowska
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
- Department of Laboratory Diagnostics and Clinical Immunology of Developmental Age, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Birgit Waltenberger
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Hermann Stuppner
- Institute of Pharmacy/Pharmacognosy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
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Christopher T, Mahamat O, Chungong MN, Ngwa CA, Samka PM. Immunological Activities of Crude Polysaccharides Extracts of Climacodon pulcherrimus (Phanerochaetaceae) in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Rat Macrophages and Neutrophils' Responses. J Med Food 2020; 24:180-187. [PMID: 32397875 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mushroom contains a wide variety of components with high immune-modulating properties. Mushroom polysaccharides are known as immunocorrectors with wide areas of usage, which balance the immune system without resulting in the entire immune suppression or overreaction. To explore the potentially immunomodulatory role of Climacodon pulcherrimus, the present study was intended to evaluate the in vitro immunomodulatory activity of C. pulcherrimus polysaccharides (CPP) on rat neutrophils and macrophages. CPP was studied on lipopolysaccharide-induced neutrophils and macrophages' responses. The effect on phagocytosis, release of reactive oxygen intermediates (ROI), nitric oxide (NO), lysosomal enzyme release and neutrophil myeloperoxidase, and neutrophil adherence was assessed. The cytotoxicity of CPP against macrophages using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazole-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and neutral red inclusion assay was also assessed. ENPC (endopolysaccharides) markedly enhanced phagocytosis of macrophages and neutrophils, whereas the EXPC (exopolysaccharides) increased only that of neutrophils at 0.34 and 0.68 mg/mL. The production of NO evidently increased in ENPC- and EXPC-treated neutrophil and macrophage cultures. The production of ROI in a concentration-dependent manner increased in ENPC-treated (0.08-5.55 mg/mL) and EXPC-treated (0.17 and 0.34 mg/mL) macrophage cultures and ENPC-treated neutrophils, whereas it decreased in EXPC-treated neutrophils. The secretion of acid phosphatase increased in ENPC- and EXPC-treated macrophage and neutrophil cultures. Neutrophil myeloperoxidase release increased in EXPC-treated (5.55 mg/mL) cultures, whereas it decreased in ENPC-treated cultures. ENPC and EXPC increased the adhesion of neutrophils to microplate. These findings demonstrated that CPP displayed a dual mode of action, inhibiting or enhancing numerous phagocytic activities of macrophages and neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tume Christopher
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.,Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Oumar Mahamat
- Laboratory of Biological Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - Miyanui N Chungong
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - C Atemenkeh Ngwa
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
| | - P Maishu Samka
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Bamenda, Bambili, Cameroon
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Huang X, Gao Y, Xu F, Fan D, Liang Y, Wang X, Wu H. Molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of volatile components of Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb) Turcz based on network pharmacology. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:109. [PMID: 32276586 PMCID: PMC7146958 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ligularia fischeri (Ledeb) Turcz (LFT) is a well-known expectorant and active anti-inflammatory agent in Chinese traditional medicine. LFT’s expectorant effect is closely related to its anti-inflammatory effects. This study aimed to evaluate the differential composition and anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the volatile components in LFT from different production areas. Method Headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of volatile components, as well as chemometric methods, including similarity analysis, hierarchical clustering analysis, and principal component analysis, were performed to identify LFT produced in different areas. The molecular mechanism underlying the anti-inflammatory effects of these components was determined by network pharmacology analysis. Results We observed significant differences in the chemical constituents and percentage contents in samples with different origins. Eighteen volatile components were identified in four different producing areas, among which the highest content of olefinic components was the main component of the aroma of LFT. The mechanisms of these pharmacological effects involved multiple targets and pathways. Twenty-seven potential target proteins and 65 signaling pathways were screened, and a “component-target-disease” interaction network map was constructed. The volatile components of the LFT function mainly by inhibiting the production of inflammatory factors. Conclusion This study provides a theoretical framework for further development and application of LFT used in traditional Chinese medicine. Graphical abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xulong Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Food, Guizhou Food and Drug Inspection Institute, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Fan
- Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zunyi Medical and Pharmaceutical College, Zunyi City, Guizhou Province, Zunyi, 563000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangpei Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hongmei Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, Guiyang, 550002, People's Republic of China.
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17
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Al-Sayed E, Ke TY, Hwang TL, Chen SR, Korinek M, Chen SL, Cheng YB. Cytotoxic and anti-inflammatory effects of lignans and diterpenes from Cupressus macrocarpa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2020; 30:127127. [PMID: 32223924 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2020.127127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cupressus macrocarpa is a windbreak tree and is reported to have various cytotoxic effects. A natural product study on the leaves of C. macrocarpa has yielded ten secondary metabolites, including three new diterpenoids (1-3), four known diterpenoids (4-7), and three known lignans (8-10). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated via the interpretation of spectroscopic methods, especially 2D NMR and mass analyses. In the cytotoxic assays, compounds 1-3 and 7-10 showed inhibition effect against HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and A549 cells with IC50 values ranging from 0.004 to 19.9 μg/mL. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory assays revealed that (-)-matairesinol (8) had significant inhibitory activities on superoxide anion generation (IC50 = 2.7 ± 0.3 μM) and elastase release (IC50 = 6.6 ± 0.7 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman Al-Sayed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain-Shams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
| | - Tzu-Yi Ke
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Center for Natural Product Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Tsong-Long Hwang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Chinese Herbal Medicine Research Team, Healthy Aging Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Rong Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Center for Natural Product Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Li Chen
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Center for Natural Product Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Bin Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, Center for Natural Product Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
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Liu J, He Z, Ma N, Chen ZY. Beneficial Effects of Dietary Polyphenols on High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Linking with Modulation of Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:33-47. [PMID: 31829012 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is caused by an imbalance of energy intake and expenditure. It is characterized by a higher accumulation of body fat with a chronic low-grade inflammation. Many reports have shown that gut microbiota in the host plays a pivotal role in mediating the interaction between consumption of a high-fat diet (HFD) and onset of obesity. Accumulative evidence has suggested that the changes in the composition of gut microbiota may affect the host's energy homeostasis, systemic inflammation, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitivity. As one of the major components in human diet, polyphenols have demonstrated to be capable of modulating the composition of gut microbiota and reducing the HFD-induced obesity. The present review summarizes the findings of recent studies on dietary polyphenols regarding their metabolism and interaction with bacteria in the intestine as well as the underlying mechanisms by which they modulate the gut microbiota and alleviate the HFD-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance & Economics , Nanjing , China
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zouyan He
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Ning Ma
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Nanjing University of Finance & Economics , Nanjing , China
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
| | - Zhen-Yu Chen
- School of Life Sciences , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin NT , Hong Kong , China
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Kiss AK, Michalak B, Patyra A, Majdan M. UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS and HPTLC profiling of ash leaf samples from different commercial and natural sources and their in vitro effects on mediators of inflammation. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:57-67. [PMID: 31286597 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In European traditional medicine, common ash leaf infusion is recommended by European Medicines Agency to treat minor articular pain and to increase the amount of urine for flushing minor urinary complaints. However, a comprehensive ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography diode array detector electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS) analysis of this pharmacopeial plant material has never been performed. Moreover, the number of biological and pharmacological investigations proving the usefulness of this plant material in recommended traditional uses is surprisingly small. OBJECTIVE Phytochemical profiling of ash leaf samples from different commercial and natural sources and the determination of the in vitro effects on inflammatory mediators in a model of human neutrophils. METHODS Ash leaf samples were characterised by total hydroxycinnamic acid content and by high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), UHPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS methods. The effects of leaf infusions on reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 (MCP-1) production by neutrophils were measured using luminol-dependent chemiluminescence and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS In ash leaf samples 64 compounds were identified or partly identified together with four unknown compounds. The major compounds detected belong to different structural groups, including phenolic acid derivatives, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, iridoids, secoiridoids and lignans. The major compounds detected in ash samples were chlorogenic acid, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, verbascoside, oleuropein and ligstroside. However, one sample contained coumarin derivatives. This finding suggested adulteration with other Fraxinus species and/or plant parts. All infusions were able to inhibit ROS, cytokine and chemokine production. CONCLUSIONS The performed phytochemical and biological analyses contribute to the knowledge about this pharmacopeial plant material and supports its traditional use to treat minor inflammatory complaints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Kiss
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Barbara Michalak
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Patyra
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Majdan
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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Du B, Zhang L, Sun Y, Zhang G, Yao J, Jiang M, Pan L, Sun C. Phillygenin exhibits anti-inflammatory activity through modulating multiple cellular behaviors of mouse lymphocytes. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2019; 41:76-85. [PMID: 30721636 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2018.1547742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Context: Phillygenin (PHI) is an intestinal metabolite of phillyrin from the genus Forsythia. Although the regulatory activity of Forsythia on immune system has been investigated, the effect of PHI on activated lymphocytes is poorly understood. Objective: This study was aimed to discuss the possible anti-inflammation potential of PHI on mitogen-activated stimulated lymphocytes in vitro. Methods: Mice spleen lymphocytes were incubated with PHI for 4 h, and then stimulated with concanavalin A (Con A) or phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate/ionomycin (PMA + Ion). Cell viability was assayed by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8). The expression of CD69 and CD25, proliferation, cell cycle, intracellular Ca2+ concentration, apoptosis, mitochondrial inner membrane potential (ΔΨm), mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT), interleukin-2 (IL-2), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The expression of cyclin B1, cyclin D1, Cyclin E, and the phosphorylation of c-jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (Erk1/2) and p38 were assayed by western blotting. Results: The results showed that PHI inhibited the proliferation of Con A-activated lymphocytes and induced a G0/G1 phase arrest by suppressing cyclin D1 and cyclin E. Meanwhile, PHI antagonized Con A-induced T cells activation through blocking intracellular Ca2+ overload and suppressing the phosphorylation of JNK and Erk1/2. Both Con A and PMA + Ion-induced secretion of IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were attenuated by PHI. PHI enhanced Con A-induced lymphocytes apoptosis through decreasing ΔΨm and increasing MPT. Conclusion: These results suggest that PHI exhibits its anti-inflammatory activity through modulating multiple cellular behaviors, leading to the suppression of the adaptive immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingyuan Du
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Li Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China
| | - Ying Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Linyi , PR China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Mingmin Jiang
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Lihong Pan
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
| | - Chenghong Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,b Linyi Key Laboratory for Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology of Natural Medicine , Linyi , PR China.,c Center for New Drug Pharmacology , Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Corporation , Linyi , PR China
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