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Zhang D, Li J, Li X, Liu W, Yu Y, Sun H, Wu J, Ge Z, Lv K, Shao Y, Wang S, Ye X. Anti-osteoporosis activity of casticin in ovariectomized rats. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2024; 13:tfae064. [PMID: 38680951 PMCID: PMC11052697 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfae064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMPO) is the most familiar type of osteoporosis, a silent bone disease. Casticin, a natural flavonoid constituent, improves osteoporosis in animal model. Nevertheless, the potential mechanism remains to be further explored. Methods A model of PMPO was established in rats treated with ovariectomy (OVX) and RAW 264.7 cells induced with receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand (RANKL). The effect and potential mechanism of casticin on PMPO were addressed by pathological staining, measurement of bone mineral density (BMD), three-point bending test, serum biochemical detection, filamentous-actin (F-actin) ring staining, TRAcP staining, reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot and examination of oxidative stress indicators. Results The casticin treatment increased the femoral trabecular area, bone maturity, BMD, elastic modulus, maximum load, the level of calcium and estrogen with the reduced concentrations of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in OVX rats. An enhancement in the F-actin ring formation, TRAcP staining and the relative mRNA expression of NFATc1 and TRAP was observed in RANKL-induced RAW 264.7 cells, which was declined by the treatment of casticin. Moreover, the casticin treatment reversed the reduced the relative protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 and the concentrations of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, and the increased content of malondialdehyde both in vivo and in vitro. Conclusion Casticin improved bone density, bone biomechanics, the level of calcium and estrogen, the release of pro-inflammatory factor and oxidative stress to alleviate osteoporosis, which was associated with the upregulation of Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jianmin Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xuejia Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Wanxin Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Jiajun Wu
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Zhichao Ge
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Kai Lv
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Yanting Shao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Shuqiang Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
| | - Xiaojian Ye
- Department of Orthopedics, Yueyang Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 110 Ganhe Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai 200437, China
- Department of Orthopedics, 2. Tongren Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 1111 Xianxia Road, Changning District, Shanghai 200336, China
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Mottaghipisheh J, Kamali M, Doustimotlagh AH, Nowroozzadeh MH, Rasekh F, Hashempur MH, Iraji A. A comprehensive review of ethnomedicinal approaches, phytochemical analysis, and pharmacological potential of Vitex trifolia L. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1322083. [PMID: 38576489 PMCID: PMC10991721 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1322083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Plants, renowned for their rich reservoir of metabolites, play a pivotal role in addressing health-related issues. The Verbenaceae family stands out, showcasing immense potential in preventing and treating chronic diseases. Vitex trifolia L. (V. trifolia), a shrub with a rich history in traditional medicine, particularly in Eastern Asia, has garnered attention for its diverse therapeutic applications. This comprehensive review aims to bridge traditional knowledge and contemporary insights by investigating ethnopharmacology, phytochemistry, and pharmacological effects of V. trifolia. The keyword "V. trifolia" and its synonyms were searched within the main scientific databases including PubMed, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Baidu Scholar (from 1974 to 2022, last search: 21.10.2023). Phytochemical analyses reveal a spectrum of secondary metabolites in V. trifolia, including terpenoids, flavonoids, lignans, phytosterols, anthraquinones, and fatty acids. Notably, terpenoids and flavonoids emerge as the main bioactive metabolites. Pharmacological studies validate its therapeutic potential, demonstrating significant antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, anticancer, anti-amnesic, antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-malaria, antispasmodic activities, and reported insecticidal effects. Despite existing literature exploring pharmacological attributes and secondary metabolites of related species, a conspicuous gap exists, specifically focusing on the pharmacological activities and novel methods of purification of pure metabolites from V. trifolia. This review aimed to fill this gap by delving into traditional medicinal applications, exploring secondary metabolites comprehensively, and providing an in-depth analysis of pharmacological effects of pure metabolites. Combining traditional uses with contemporary pharmacological insights, this article sought to serve as a crucial reference for future research and practical application of V. trifolia. This approach contributes substantially to understanding the plant, fostering scientific inquiry, and facilitating its broader application in healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Mottaghipisheh
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Marzie Kamali
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Hormozgan Health Institute, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Amir Hossein Doustimotlagh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Nowroozzadeh
- Ophthalmology Research Center, Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Rasekh
- Department of Biology, Payame Noor University (PNU), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hashem Hashempur
- Research Center for Traditional Medicine and History of Medicine, Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Aida Iraji
- Stem Cells Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Lin Z, Huang J, Xie S, Zheng Z, Tang K, Li S, Chen R. The Association Between Insulin Use and Asthma: An Epidemiological Observational Analysis and Mendelian Randomization Study. Lung 2023; 201:189-199. [PMID: 36971839 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-023-00611-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common respiratory disease caused by genetic and environmental factors, but the contribution of insulin use to the risk of asthma remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the association between insulin use and asthma in a large population-based cohort, and further explore their causal relationship by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS An epidemiological study including 85,887 participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2018 was performed to evaluate the association between insulin use and asthma. Based on the inverse-variance weighted approach, MR analysis were conducted to estimate the causal effect of insulin use on asthma from the UKB and FinnGen datasets, respectively. RESULTS In the NHANES cohort, we found that insulin use was associated with an increased risk of asthma [odd ratio (OR) 1.38; 95% CI 1.16-1.64; p < 0.001]. For the MR analysis, we found a causal relationship between insulin use and a higher risk of asthma in both Finn (OR 1.10; p < 0.001) and UK Biobank cohorts (OR 1.18; p < 0.001). Meanwhile, there was no causal association between diabetes and asthma. After multivariable adjustment for diabetes in UKB cohort, the insulin use remained significantly associated with an increased risk of asthma (OR 1.17, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS An association between insulin use and an increased risk of asthma was found via the real-world data from the NHANES. In addition, the current study identified a causal effect and provided a genetic evidence of insulin use and asthma. More studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms underlying the association between insulin use and asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zikai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanshan School of Medical, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuojia Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Nanshan School of Medical, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziwen Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
| | - Kailun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical College of Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shiyue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
| | - Ruchong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510120, Guangdong, China.
- Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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Xiao S, Zhou Y, Wang Q, Yang D. Ketamine Attenuates Airway Inflammation via Inducing Inflammatory Cells Apoptosis and Activating Nrf2 Pathway in a Mixed-Granulocytic Murine Asthma Model. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:4411-4428. [PMID: 36597444 PMCID: PMC9805722 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s391010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The use of ketamine, an anesthetic, as a treatment for asthma has been investigated in numerous studies. However, how ketamine affects asthma is unclear. The present study examined the effects of ketamine on a murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma, and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway. Methods The murine model of mixed-granulocytic asthma was established using ovalbumin (OVA) for sensitization and the combination of OVA and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for challenge. The main characteristics of asthma, oxidative stress biomarkers, and the expression of the Nrf2 pathway were examined. ML385 was administered to verify the role of the Nrf2 pathway. Results Mice in the OVA +LPS group developed asthmatic characteristics, including airway hyperresponsiveness, mixed-granulocytic airway inflammation, mucus overproduction, as well as increased levels of oxidative stress and impaired apoptosis of inflammatory cells. Among the three concentrations, ketamine at 75mg/kg effectively attenuated these asthmatic symptoms, activated the Nrf2 pathway, decreased oxidative stress, and induced apoptosis of eosinophils and neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) with a reducing level of myeloid cell leukemia 1(Mcl-1). ML385 (an Nrf2 inhibitor) eliminated the protective effects of ketamine on the mixed-granulocytic asthma model. Conclusion The study concluded that ketamine reduced oxidative stress and attenuated asthmatic symptoms (neutrophilic airway inflammation) by activating the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway, with 75 mg/kg ketamine showing the best results. Ketamine administration also increased neutrophil and eosinophil apoptosis in BALF, which may contribute to the resolution of inflammation. The use of ketamine as a treatment for asthma may therefore be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Xiao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qianyu Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Dong Yang, Department of Anesthesiology, Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan, Beijing, 100144, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-13661267522, Email
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Huang WC, Wu SJ, Yeh KW, Liou CJ. Gypenoside A from Gynostemma pentaphyllum Attenuates Airway Inflammation and Th2 Cell Activities in a Murine Asthma Model. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147699. [PMID: 35887041 PMCID: PMC9315554 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous study found that oral administration of Gynostemma pentaphyllum extract can attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and reduce eosinophil infiltration in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Gypenoside A is isolated from G. pentaphyllum. In this study, we investigated whether gypenoside A can effectively reduce asthma in mice. Asthma was induced in BALB/c mice by ovalbumin injection. Asthmatic mice were treated with gypenoside A via intraperitoneal injection to assess airway inflammation, AHR, and immunomodulatory effects. In vitro, gypenoside A reduced inflammatory and oxidative responses in inflammatory tracheal epithelial cells. Experimental results showed that gypenoside A treatment can suppress eosinophil infiltration in the lungs, reduce tracheal goblet cell hyperplasia, and attenuate AHR. Gypenoside A significantly reduced Th2 cytokine expression and also inhibited the expression of inflammatory genes and proteins in the lung and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In addition, gypenoside A also significantly inhibited the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines and reduced oxidative expression in inflammatory tracheal epithelial cells. The experimental results suggested that gypenoside A is a natural compound that can effectively reduce airway inflammation and AHR in asthma, mainly by reducing Th2 cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan;
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan;
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan;
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan;
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607)
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Allosteric Modulation of the Main Protease (MPro) of SARS-CoV-2 by Casticin—Insights from Molecular Dynamics Simulations. CHEMISTRY AFRICA 2022. [PMCID: PMC9261893 DOI: 10.1007/s42250-022-00411-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 has been suggested to be vital in shutting down viral replication in a host. Most efforts aimed at inhibiting MPro activity have been channeled into competitive inhibition at the active site, but this strategy will require a high inhibitor concentration and impressive inhibitor-MPro binding affinity. Allosteric inhibition can potentially serve as an effective strategy for alleviating these limitations. In this study, the ability of antiviral natural products to inhibit MPro in an allosteric fashion was explored with in silico techniques. Molecular docking revealed a strong interaction between casticin, an antiviral flavonoid, and Mpro at a site distant from the active site. This site, characterized as a distal site, has been shown to have an interdependent dynamic effect with the active site region. Mpro only, Mpro-peptide (binary) and Mpro-peptide-casticin (ternary) complexes were subjected to molecular dynamics simulations for 50 ns to investigate the modulatory activity of casticin binding on Mpro. Molecular dynamic simulations revealed that binding of casticin at the distal site interferes with the proper orientation of the peptide substrate in the oxyanion hole of the active site, and this could lead to a halt or decrease in catalytic activity. This study therefore highlights casticin as a potential allosteric modulator of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease, which could be optimized and developed into a potential lead compound for anti-SARS-CoV-2 chemotherapy.
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Wang Y, Guo D, Chen X, Wang S, Hu J, Liu X. Trends in asthma among adults in the United States, National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2018. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol 2022; 129:71-78.e2. [PMID: 35257870 DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2022.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma is a common chronic disease in American adults. The prevalence of asthma has varied over time, but there are few studies on the long-term trend of asthma in American adults. OBJECTIVE To describe the prevalence and trend of asthma in American adults from 2005 to 2018 and analyze the risk factors for asthma. METHODS Data collection was performed from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005 to 2018. The unweighted number and weighted percentages of normal participants and patients with asthma and the trends of asthma were calculated. Weighted univariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for asthma. RESULTS A total of 39,601 adults were included in this study. From 2005 to 2018, the overall prevalence of asthma in American adults was 8.41%, whereas that in young, middle-aged, and elderly adults was 8.30%, 8.70%, and 7.92%, respectively. The estimated prevalence of asthma in the overall adults and young adults increased with time (P for trend = .03, difference = 0.023 and P for trend = .007, difference = 0.060, respectively), and the estimated prevalence of middle-aged and elderly adults remained stable with time (P for trend = .33, difference = 0.015 and P for trend = .80, difference = -0.024, respectively). CONCLUSION Asthma in American adults was on the rise. Female sex, non-Hispanic Blacks, individuals with low annual household income, active smokers, obese patients, patients with hypertension, patients with diabetes, and individuals with positive asthma family history were associated with a higher risk for developing asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashan Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Dingjie Guo
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Song Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Jiayi Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Statistics, School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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Hsieh HL, Liu SH, Chen YL, Huang CY, Wu SJ. Astragaloside IV suppresses inflammatory response via suppression of NF-κB, and MAPK signalling in human bronchial epithelial cells. Arch Physiol Biochem 2022; 128:757-766. [PMID: 32057253 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1727525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Astragaloside IV isolated from Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.), which was reported to have anti-tumor, anti-asthma, and suppressed cigarette smoke-induced lung inflammation in mice. OBJECTIVES This study investigated whether astragaloside IV reduced the expression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in BEAS-2B cells. METHODS BEAS-2B cells treated with astragaloside IV, and then stimulated with TNF-α or TNF-α/IL-4. The levels of cytokine and chemokine were analysed with ELISA and real-time PCR. RESULTS Astragaloside IV significantly inhibited the levels of CCL5, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8. Astragaloside IV also reduced ICAM-1 expression for blocked THP-1 monocyte adhesion to BEAS-2B cells. Furthermore, astragaloside IV attenuated the phosphorylation of MAPK, and reduced the translocation of p65 into the nucleus. Astragaloside IV could increase the expression of HO-1 and Nrf2 for promoting the oxidant protective effect. CONCLUSION Aastragaloside IV has an anti-inflammatory and oxidative effect via regulated NF-κB, MAPK and HO-1/Nrf2 signalling pathways in human bronchial epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Lung Hsieh
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Hai Liu
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Yi Huang
- Department of Trauma and Emergency Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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Wu SJ, Huang WC, Cheng CY, Wang MC, Cheng SC, Liou CJ. Fisetin Suppresses the Inflammatory Response and Oxidative Stress in Bronchial Epithelial Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091841. [PMID: 35565807 PMCID: PMC9103812 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Fisetin is isolated from many fruits and vegetables and has been confirmed to improve airway hyperresponsiveness in asthmatic mice. However, whether fisetin reduces inflammatory response and oxidative stress in bronchial epithelial cells is unclear. Here, BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with various concentrations of fisetin and then stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) or TNF-α/interleukin-4. In addition, ovalbumin-sensitized mice were treated with fisetin to detect inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress expression. Fisetin significantly reduced the levels of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines in TNF-α-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Fisetin also attenuated intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in TNF-α-stimulated BEAS-2B cells, suppressing THP-1 monocyte adhesion. Furthermore, fisetin significantly suppressed airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs and decreased eosinophil numbers in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of asthmatic mice. Fisetin decreased cyclooxygenase-2 expression, promoted glutathione levels, and decreased malondialdehyde levels in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Our findings indicate that fisetin is a potential immunomodulator that can improve the pathological features of asthma by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ju Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Aesthetic Medical Center, Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, New Taipei Municipal TuCheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei 23656, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Pulmonary Infection and Immunology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Chun Wang
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
| | - Shu-Chen Cheng
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan; (W.-C.H.); (C.-Y.C.)
- Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan;
- Correspondence: (S.-C.C.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118293 (S.-C.C.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan 33303, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (S.-C.C.); (C.-J.L.); Tel.: +886-3-2118293 (S.-C.C.); +886-3-2118999 (ext. 5607) (C.-J.L.)
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Li B, Xiao Q, Liu J, Mu X, Zhang J, Qi Y, Zhang B, Xiao P, Liu H. Chemical Characterization and Potential Mechanism of the Anti-Asthmatic Activity of a Subfraction from Schisandra chinensis Fruit Extract. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5015-5025. [PMID: 35416657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c01034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Schisandra chinensis fruit is a widely edible and medicinal resource, whose extract had a good inhibitory effect on airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. However, the main active components remain unknown. In this work, we found that PET2, a subfraction of its ethanolic extract petroleum ether, displayed significant anti-inflammatory effects in interleukin (IL)-4/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated BEAS-2B cells. Meanwhile, in the ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mice model, PET2 (200 and 400 mg/kg) had significant effects on attenuating airway inflammatory cell infiltration and reducing serum Th2-related cytokines. Further studies led to the isolation and identification of 14 compounds, guided by ultraperformance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS)-based rapid characterization of chemical constituents. Combining network pharmacology analysis and in vitro experiments, we found that six compounds from PET2 had good anti-inflammatory properties. The potential mechanism may be involved in Fc epsilon RI, T cell receptor, and Jak-STAT signaling pathways. This study clarified the anti-inflammatory properties of the main active fraction and active compounds of S. chinensis fruit and provided a theoretical basis for its anti-asthma scientific utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qi Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiushi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinlu Mu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yaodong Qi
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Bengang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Peigen Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Haitao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100193, China
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11
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Li Q, Xu M, Li Z, Li T, Wang Y, Chen Q, Wang Y, Feng J, Yin X, Lu C. Maslinic Acid Attenuates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury-Induced Myocardial Inflammation and Apoptosis by Regulating HMGB1-TLR4 Axis. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:768947. [PMID: 34859077 PMCID: PMC8631436 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.768947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The inflammatory response and apoptosis are the major pathological features of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MI/RI). Maslinic acid (MA), a natural pentacyclic triterpene with various bioactivities, plays critical roles in the multiple cellular biological processes, but its protective effects on the pathophysiological processes of MI/RI have not been extensively investigated. Our study aimed to determine whether MA treatment alleviate ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced myocardial inflammation and apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo, and further reveal the underlying mechanisms. Methods and results: An MI/RI rat model was successfully established by ligating the left anterior descending coronary artery and H9c2 cells were exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) to mimic I/R injury. In addition, prior to H/R stimulation or myocardial I/R operation, the H9c2 cells or rats were treated with varying concentrations of MA or vehicle for 24 h and two consecutive days, respectively. In this study, our results showed that MA could obviously increase the cell viability and decrease the cardiac enzymes release after H/R in vitro. MA could significantly improve the H/R-induced cardiomyocyte injury and I/R-induced myocardial injury in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, MA suppressed the expression of inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α, interleukin-1β [IL-1β and interleukin-6 [IL-6]) and the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase-3 and Bax) as well as increased the levels of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, MA significantly inhibited nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) p65 after H/R via regulating high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)/toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) axis. Conclusion: Taken together, MA treatment may alleviate MI/RI by suppressing both the inflammation and apoptosis in a dose-dependent manner, and the cardioprotective effect of MA may be partly attributable to the inactivation of HMGB1/TLR4/NF-κB pathway, which offers a new therapeutic strategy for MI/RI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Mengping Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhuqing Li
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingting Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yilin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanxin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jiaxin Feng
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xuemei Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, The First Center Clinic College of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chengzhi Lu
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China.,Department of Cardiology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, China
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12
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Huang WC, Huang TH, Yeh KW, Chen YL, Shen SC, Liou CJ. Ginsenoside Rg3 ameliorates allergic airway inflammation and oxidative stress in mice. J Ginseng Res 2021; 45:654-664. [PMID: 34764720 PMCID: PMC8569325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2021.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ginsenoside Rg3, isolated from Panax ginseng, has anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor activities. It is known to reduce inflammation in acute lung injury in mice, and to reduce the expression of inflammatory cytokines and COX-2 in human asthmatic airway epithelium. In this study, we attempted to determine whether ginsenoside Rg3 inhibits airway inflammation, oxidative stress, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of asthmatic mice. We also investigated its effects on oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in tracheal epithelial cells. Methods Asthma symptoms were induced in female BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA). Mice were divided into five groups: normal controls, OVA-induced asthmatic controls, and asthmatic mice treated with ginsenoside Rg3 or prednisolone by intraperitoneal injection. Inflammatory BEAS-2B cells (human tracheal epithelial cells) treated with ginsenoside Rg3 to investigate its effects on inflammatory cytokines and oxidative responses. Results Ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly reduced eosinophil infiltration, oxidative responses, airway inflammation, and AHR in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced Th2 cytokine and chemokine levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids and lung. Inflammatory BEAS-2B cells treated with ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the eotaxin and pro-inflammatory cytokine expressions, and monocyte adherence to BEAS-2B cells was significantly reduced as a result of decreased ICAM-1 expression. Furthermore, ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the expression of reactive oxygen species in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Conclusion Ginsenoside Rg3 is a potential immunomodulator that can ameliorate pathological features of asthma by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced eosinophil infiltration, and airway hyperresponsiveness in the lungs of asthmatic mice. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited oxidative responses in the lungs. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines in BALF and lung. Ginsenoside Rg3 inhibited monocyte cell adherence to tracheal epithelial cells. Ginsenoside Rg3 reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in tracheal epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Tse-Hung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung, Taiwan.,School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,School of Nursing, National Taipei University of Nursing and Health Sciences, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Wei Yeh
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Ling Chen
- School of Nutrition and Health Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Chuan Shen
- Graduate Program of Nutrition Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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13
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Fucoxanthin Ameliorates Oxidative Stress and Airway Inflammation in Tracheal Epithelial Cells and Asthmatic Mice. Cells 2021; 10:cells10061311. [PMID: 34070405 PMCID: PMC8227140 DOI: 10.3390/cells10061311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fucoxanthin is isolated from brown algae and was previously reported to have multiple pharmacological effects, including anti-tumor and anti-obesity effects in mice. Fucoxanthin also decreases the levels of inflammatory cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of fucoxanthin on the oxidative and inflammatory responses in inflammatory human tracheal epithelial BEAS-2B cells and attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice. Fucoxanthin significantly decreased monocyte cell adherence to BEAS-2B cells. In addition, fucoxanthin inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, eotaxin, and reactive oxygen species in BEAS-2B cells. Ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized mice were treated by intraperitoneal injections of fucoxanthin (10 mg/kg or 30 mg/kg), which significantly alleviated AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia and eosinophil infiltration in the lungs, and decreased Th2 cytokine production in the BALF. Furthermore, fucoxanthin significantly increased glutathione and superoxide dismutase levels and reduced malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in the lungs of asthmatic mice. These data demonstrate that fucoxanthin attenuates inflammation and oxidative stress in inflammatory tracheal epithelial cells and improves the pathological changes related to asthma in mice. Thus, fucoxanthin has therapeutic potential for improving asthma.
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14
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Wahab S, Ahmad I, Irfan S, Baig MH, Farouk AE, Dong JJ. Use of Natural Compounds as a Potential Therapeutic Agent Against COVID-19. Curr Pharm Des 2021; 27:1144-1152. [PMID: 33388014 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666210101154118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The current 2019-nCoV outbreak is becoming extremely harmful and has affected the whole world. Its control is challenging because there is no effective vaccine or drug available for coronavirus disease. The Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), previously named as 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), primarily targets the human respiratory system to lung lesions and lethal pneumonia. Natural products have always shown a crucial role in the process of drug development against various diseases. They may serve as leads for further drug development to combat emergent mutants of the coronavirus. In this review, the current status of natural compounds and their derivatives acting against different species of CoV are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadma Wahab
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Irfan Ahmad
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Safia Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biosciences, Integral University, Lucknow, UP, India
| | - Mohammad H Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
| | - Abd-ElAziem Farouk
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Taif University, Al-Hawiya 888, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50-1 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 120-752, Korea
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15
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Sibeko L, Johns T. Global survey of medicinal plants during lactation and postpartum recovery: Evolutionary perspectives and contemporary health implications. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 270:113812. [PMID: 33450288 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cross-cultural comparison of plants used during lactation and the postpartum period offers insight into a largely overlooked area of ethnopharmacological research. Potential roles of phytochemicals in emerging models of interaction among immunity, inflammation, microbiome and nervous system effects on perinatal development have relevance for the life-long health of individuals and of populations in both traditional and contemporary contexts. AIM OF THE STUDY Delineate and interpret patterns of traditional and contemporary global use of medicinal plants ingested by mothers during the postpartum period relative to phytochemical activity on immune development and gastrointestinal microbiome of breastfed infants, and on maternal health. MATERIALS AND METHODS Published reviews and surveys on galactagogues and postpartum recovery practices plus ethnobotanical studies from around the world were used to identify and rank plants, and ascertain regional use patterns. Scientific literature for 20 most-cited plants based on frequency of publication was assessed for antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antidepressant, analgesic, galactagogic and safety properties. RESULTS From compilation of 4418 use reports related to 1948 species, 105 plant taxa were recorded ≥7 times, with the most frequently cited species, Foeniculum vulgare, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Pimpinella anisum, Euphorbia hirta and Asparagus racemosus, 81, 64, 42, 40 and 38 times, respectively. Species and use vary globally, illustrated by the pattern of aromatic plants of culinary importance versus latex-producing plants utilized in North Africa/Middle East and Sub-Saharan Africa with opposing predominance. For 18/20 of the plants a risk/benefit perspective supports assessment that positive immunomodulation and related potential exceed any safety concerns. Published evidence does not support a lactation-enhancing effect for nearly all the most-cited plants while antidepressant data for the majority of plants are predominately limited to animal studies. CONCLUSIONS Within a biocultural context traditional postpartum plant use serves adaptive functions for the mother-infant dyad and contributes phytochemicals absent in most contemporary diets and patterns of ingestion, with potential impacts on allergic, inflammatory and other conditions. Polyphenolics and other phytochemicals are widely immunologically active, present in breast milk and predominately non-toxic. Systematic analysis of phytochemicals in human milk, infant lumen and plasma, and immunomodulatory studies that differentiate maternal ingestion during lactation from pregnancy, are needed. Potential herb-drug interaction and other adverse effects should remain central to obstetric advising, but unless a plant is specifically shown as harmful, considering potential contributions to health of individuals and populations, blanket advisories against postpartum herbal use during lactation appear empirically unwarranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindiwe Sibeko
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health and Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
| | - Timothy Johns
- School of Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste. Anne de Bellevue, QC, H9X 3V9, Canada.
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16
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Casticin Attenuates Osteoarthritis-Related Cartilage Degeneration by Inhibiting the ROS-Mediated NF-κB Signaling Pathway in vitro and in vivo. Inflammation 2021; 43:810-820. [PMID: 31897918 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-01167-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Casticin, a flavonoid isolated from Vitex trifolia, has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antitumor effects in previous studies. Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disease based on degenerative pathological changes. The disease process is often accompanied by inflammatory pathological changes. However, there is no safe and effective drug for prevention and treatment. In the present study, we aimed to clarify the role of casticin in the murine model of destabilization of the medial meniscus (DMM). Male BALB/c mice were randomly divided into three groups: Sham, DMM-induced OA treated with vehicle, and DMM-induced OA treated with casticin. Our results indicated that the casticin treatments markedly reduced the destruction of cartilage and OARSI grades compared with those of the vehicle-treated mice. The levels of matrix metalloproteinase-13 (MMP13) in cartilage were also significantly reduced in the casticin-treated mice. Casticin also significantly regulated oxidative stress and reduced inflammation in the cartilage of mice with OA. These results suggest that casticin prevents the development of posttraumatic OA in mice. Consequently, decreased reactive oxygen species levels and suppressed proinflammatory cytokine production were confirmed in casticin-treated IL-1β-stimulated ADTC5 cells. After casticin treatment, the NF-κB signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in the cells. It can be concluded that casticin can alleviate arthritis-related cartilage degeneration by inhibiting ROS-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway in vitro and in vivo.
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17
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Harwansh RK, Bahadur S. Herbal Medicine in Fighting Against COVID-19: New Battle with an Old Weapon. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2021; 23:235-260. [PMID: 33749558 DOI: 10.2174/1389201022666210322124348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
World population has been suffering due to the outbreak of present pandemic situation of COVID-19. The disease has become life-threatening in a very short time with touching on most of the citizenry and economic systems globally. The novel virus, SARS-CoV-2 has been known as the causative agent of COVID-19. The SARS-CoV-2 is single stranded RNA virus having ~30 kb genomic components which are 70% identical to SARS-CoV. The main process of pathophysiology of COVID-19 has been associated with the interaction of a novel coronavirus with host cell receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme-2 (ACE 2) by fusion. Therapeutic agents having serine protease inhibitors and ACE-2 blockers may be explored for the treatment by inhibiting the viral target such as Mpro, RdRp, PLpro and helicase. Herbal medicine has a wide array chemical entity with potential health benefits including antiviral activity which may be explored as alternative treatment of COVID-19. The herbal bioactives like catechins, andrographolide, hesperidin, biorobin, scutellarein, silvestrol, shikonin, tryptanthrin, vitexin quercetin, myricetin, caffeic acid, psoralidin, luteolin etc have showed potential inhibitory effect against SARS-CoV-2. Recent research reports indicate that the various plant secondary metabolites have shown the potential antiviral activities. The present review article highlights on the recent information on the mechanism of actions and applications of herbal medicine in the treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjit K Harwansh
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406. India
| | - Shiv Bahadur
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, GLA University, Mathura - 281406. India
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18
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Huang D, Zhou J, Li W, Zhang L, Wang X, Liu Q. Casticin protected against neuronal injury and inhibited the TLR4/NF-κB pathway after middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2021; 9:e00752. [PMID: 33704926 PMCID: PMC7948701 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although stroke is a major human neurological disease, there is a paucity of effective neuroprotectants that can improve its treatment. Casticin is a natural monomer drug with many biological effects such as anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor actions. However, it is not clear whether it has a neuroprotective effect in ischemic stroke. In this study, the neuroprotective effect of casticin in a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) model was investigated. Results showed that casticin reduced the volume of the cerebral infarction, mNSS scores, swimming distance, time to find the submerged platform, and serum concentrations of TNF-α, TGF-β, IL-6 in MCAO rats. Moreover, casticin also decreased the expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p50 proteins and reversed the reduced expression of IκB protein in the brain tissue of MCAO rats. The in vitro study revealed that casticin decreased apoptosis of OGD/R-PC12 cells, reduced the expression of TLR4, NF-κB p65, and NF-κB p50, while increased IκB protein expression. In conclusion, casticin improved the neurological functions of MCAO rats via inhibiting the TLR4/NF-κB pathway and might have the potential to be developed into a neuroprotective agent for stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Jiafan Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Qionghai People's Hospital, Qionghai, China
| | - Wenning Li
- Department of Neurology, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, China
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19
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Helminthostachys zeylanica Water Extract Ameliorates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Eosinophil Infiltration by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Th2 Cytokine Production in a Mouse Asthma Model. Mediators Inflamm 2020; 2020:1702935. [PMID: 33343229 PMCID: PMC7725587 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1702935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Helminthostachys zeylanica is a traditional folk herb used to improve inflammation and fever in Taiwan. Previous studies showed that H. zeylanica extract could ameliorate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury in mice. The aim of this study was to investigate whether H. zeylanica water (HZW) and ethyl acetate (HZE) extracts suppressed eosinophil infiltration and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in asthmatic mice, and decreased the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in tracheal epithelial cells. Human tracheal epithelial cells (BEAS-2B cells) were pretreated with various doses of HZW or HZE (1 μg/ml-10 μg/ml), and cell inflammatory responses were induced with IL-4/TNF-α. In addition, female BALB/c mice sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA), to induce asthma, were orally administered with HZW or HZE. The result demonstrated that HZW significantly inhibited the levels of proinflammatory cytokines, chemokines, and reactive oxygen species in activated BEAS-2B cells. HZW also decreased ICAM-1 expression and blocked monocytic cells from adhering to inflammatory BEAS-2B cells in vitro. Surprisingly, HZW was more effective than HZE in suppressing the inflammatory response in BEAS-2B cells. Our results demonstrated that HZW significantly decreased AHR and eosinophil infiltration, and reduced goblet cell hyperplasia in the lungs of asthmatic mice. HZW also inhibited oxidative stress and reduced the levels of Th2 cytokines in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Our findings suggest that HZW attenuated the pathological changes and inflammatory response of asthma by suppressing Th2 cytokine production in OVA-sensitized asthmatic mice.
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20
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Li J, Qiu C, Xu P, Lu Y, Chen R. Casticin Improves Respiratory Dysfunction and Attenuates Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via Inhibition of NF-ĸB in a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Model of Chronic Cigarette Smoke-Exposed Rats. DRUG DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND THERAPY 2020; 14:5019-5027. [PMID: 33235440 PMCID: PMC7680168 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s277126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Objective The present study was conducted to elucidate the protective effect of Casticin against chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rats. Methods The COPD in rats was induced by the controlled cigarette smoke, and CST (10, 20, and 30 mg/kg) was injected into the cigarette-smoke exposed rats. Blood was taken from the abdominal vein and centrifuged (1500×g, 4°C, 15min); plasma was collected and used for the determination of various biochemical parameters. Results The results of the study suggested that CST significantly improved the lung functions of the rats in a dose-dependent manner. It also causes a reduction of white blood cells, neutrophils, and macrophages in BALF of rats. The plasma level of leptin and C-reactive protein together with pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) were also significantly restored to near to normal in CST-treated group. In Western blot analysis, CST causes significant inhibition of the NF-ĸB and iNOS pathway. Conclusion Our study demonstrated that the CST protects lungs against COPD via improving lung functions and inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Li
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongzhen Lu
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Rongchang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Shenzhen Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen Institute of Respiratory Disease, Shenzhen People's Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
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21
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Kumar V, Singh SB, Singh S. COVID-19: Environment concern and impact of Indian medicinal system. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ENGINEERING 2020; 8:104144. [PMID: 33520648 PMCID: PMC7836929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jece.2020.104144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Revised: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 outbreak has came in existence in late December 2019 at Wuhan, China. It is declared as an epidemic by WHO. The rationale of this study is to provide the details regarding prevention, environment concern, social economic consequences, and medicines for COVID-19. Social distancing, screening, lockdown, use of mask and application of sanitizer or soap at regular time interval is the best prevention against COVID-19. The "oral-feces" transmission of COVID-19 is threat to environment. Improper disposal of medical/biomedical and human waste may harm the total environment. Nitrifying-enriched activated sludge i.e. NAS approach can play important role to clean the environment compartments like sludge and waste. COVID-19 has shown impact on social and economic life, but there is no alternate until the drug discovery. In medicine or treatment of COVID-19 point of views, an integrated approach between modern and traditional medicine system may ensure an early prevention of further viral spread. Based on the symptoms of COVID-19, list of herbs and drugs of Indian Medicine System has been searched and reported. To develop the potential drug against COVID-19, the detailed experimentation and clinical trials to be performed for future prospective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Shyam Babu Singh
- Department of Ayurveda, Regional Ayurveda Research Institute for Drug Development, Madhya Pradesh, 474009, India
| | - Simranjeet Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144002, India
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubators, Mohali, Punjab, 160059, India
- Regional Advanced Water Testing Laboratory, Mohali, Punjab, 160059, India
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22
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Vellingiri B, Jayaramayya K, Iyer M, Narayanasamy A, Govindasamy V, Giridharan B, Ganesan S, Venugopal A, Venkatesan D, Ganesan H, Rajagopalan K, Rahman PKSM, Cho SG, Kumar NS, Subramaniam MD. COVID-19: A promising cure for the global panic. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 725:138277. [PMID: 32278175 PMCID: PMC7128376 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 308] [Impact Index Per Article: 77.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
The novel Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, which is the causative agent of a potentially fatal disease that is of great global public health concern. The outbreak of COVID-19 is wreaking havoc worldwide due to inadequate risk assessment regarding the urgency of the situation. The COVID-19 pandemic has entered a dangerous new phase. When compared with SARS and MERS, COVID-19 has spread more rapidly, due to increased globalization and adaptation of the virus in every environment. Slowing the spread of the COVID-19 cases will significantly reduce the strain on the healthcare system of the country by limiting the number of people who are severely sick by COVID-19 and need hospital care. Hence, the recent outburst of COVID-19 highlights an urgent need for therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2. Here, we have discussed the structure of virus; varying symptoms among COVID-19, SARS, MERS and common flu; the probable mechanism behind the infection and its immune response. Further, the current treatment options, drugs available, ongoing trials and recent diagnostics for COVID-19 have been discussed. We suggest traditional Indian medicinal plants as possible novel therapeutic approaches, exclusively targeting SARS-CoV-2 and its pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Kaavya Jayaramayya
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Mahalaxmi Iyer
- Department of Zoology, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women, Coimbatore 641 043, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arul Narayanasamy
- Disease Proteomics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Bupesh Giridharan
- Virology Laboratory, Central Research and Development Wing, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital (SBMCH), Bharath University, (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai 600044, Tamil Nadu, India; Department of Forest Science, Central University of Nagaland, Lumami, Zunhebeto, India
| | | | - Anila Venugopal
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Dhivya Venkatesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harsha Ganesan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Kamarajan Rajagopalan
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Pattanathu K S M Rahman
- Deploy Lead - Centre for Enzyme Innovation, Office No: 6.06, King Henry Building School of Biological Science, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth PO1 2DY, UK
| | - Ssang-Goo Cho
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nachimuthu Senthil Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Mizoram University (A Central University), Aizawl 796 004, Mizoram, India
| | - Mohana Devi Subramaniam
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Vision Research Foundation, Chennai 600 006, India
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23
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Ting NC, Huang WC, Chen LC, Yang SH, Kuo ML. Descurainia sophia Ameliorates Eosinophil Infiltration and Airway Hyperresponsiveness by Reducing Th2 Cytokine Production in Asthmatic Mice. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2020; 47:1507-1522. [PMID: 31752525 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x19500770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In Chinese medicine, Descurainia sophia is used to treat cough by removing the phlegm in asthma and inflammatory airway disease, but the mechanism is not clear. In this study, we evaluated whether D. sophia water extract (DSWE) can alleviate airway inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in the lungs of a murine asthma model. Female BALB/c mice were divided into five groups: normal controls, ovalbumin (OVA)-sensitized asthmatic mice, and OVA-sensitized mice treated with DSWE (2, 4, 8 g/day) by intraperitoneal injection. After sacrificing the mice, serum was collected to detect OVA-specific antibodies by ELISA, as well as bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) to detect cytokine levels. We also detected gene expression and histopathologically evaluated the lungs of asthmatic mice. DSWE reduced AHR, goblet cell hyperplasia, eosinophil infiltration, and collagen aggregation in the lungs of asthmatic mice. DSWE also suppressed the gene expression of Th2-associated cytokines and chemokines in lung tissue and inhibited serum OVA-IgE and Th2-associated cytokine levels in the BALF of OVA-sensitized mice. Our findings suggest that DSWE is a powerful immunomodulator for ameliorated allergic reactions by suppressing Th2 cytokine expression in asthmatic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Chun Ting
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chen Chen
- Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Sien-Hung Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Chinese Internal Medicine Center for Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No. 259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No. 261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan District, Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
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24
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Sesamol Alleviates Airway Hyperresponsiveness and Oxidative Stress in Asthmatic Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9040295. [PMID: 32244835 PMCID: PMC7222203 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9040295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sesamol, isolated from sesame seeds (Sesamum indicum), was previously shown to have antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor effects. Sesamol also inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pulmonary inflammatory response in rats. However, it remains unclear how sesamol regulates airway inflammation and oxidative stress in asthmatic mice. This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of sesamol on oxidative stress and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice and tracheal epithelial cells. BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin, and received oral sesamol on days 14 to 27. Furthermore, BEAS-2B human bronchial epithelial cells were treated with sesamol to investigate inflammatory cytokine levels and oxidative responses in vitro. Our results demonstrated that oral sesamol administration significantly suppressed eosinophil infiltration in the lung, airway hyperresponsiveness, and T helper 2 cell-associated (Th2) cytokine expressions in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and the lungs. Sesamol also significantly increased glutathione expression and reduced malondialdehyde levels in the lungs of asthmatic mice. We also found that sesamol significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokine levels and eotaxin in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells. Moreover, sesamol alleviated reactive oxygen species formation, and suppressed intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression, which reduced monocyte cell adherence. We demonstrated that sesamol showed potential as a therapeutic agent for improving asthma.
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25
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Wee HN, Neo SY, Singh D, Yew HC, Qiu ZY, Tsai XRC, How SY, Yip KYC, Tan CH, Koh HL. Effects of Vitex trifolia L. leaf extracts and phytoconstituents on cytokine production in human U937 macrophages. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:91. [PMID: 32188443 PMCID: PMC7081688 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-02884-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dysregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) form the basis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases. Vitex trifolia L. is a medicinal plant growing in countries such as China, India, Australia and Singapore. Its dried ripe fruits are documented in Traditional Chinese Medicine to treat ailments like rhinitis and dizziness. Its leaves are used traditionally to treat inflammation-related conditions like rheumatic pain. Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of V. trifolia leaf extracts prepared by different extraction methods (Soxhlet, ultrasonication, and maceration) in various solvents on cytokine production in human U937 macrophages, and identify phytoconstituents from the most active leaf extract. Methods Fresh leaves of V. trifolia were extracted using Soxhlet, ultrasonication, and maceration in hexane, dichloromethane, methanol, ethanol or water. Each extract was evaluated for its effects on TNF-α and IL-1β cytokine production by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated human U937 macrophages. The most active extract was analyzed and further purified by different chemical and spectroscopic techniques. Results Amongst 14 different leaf extracts investigated, extracts prepared by ultrasonication in dichloromethane and maceration in ethanol were most active in inhibiting TNF-α and IL-1β production in human U937 macrophages. Further purification led to the isolation of artemetin, casticin, vitexilactone and maslinic acid, and their effects on TNF-α and IL-1β production were evaluated. We report for the first time that artemetin suppressed TNF-α and IL-1β production. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses revealed the presence of eight other compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of butylated hydroxytoluene, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, campesterol and maslinic acid in V. trifolia leaf extracts. Conclusions In conclusion, leaf extracts of V. trifolia obtained using different solvents and extraction methods were successfully investigated for their effects on cytokine production in human U937 macrophages. The findings provide scientific evidence for the traditional use of V. trifolia leaves (a sustainable resource) and highlight the importance of conservation of medicinal plants as resources for drug discovery. Our results together with others suggest further investigation on V. trifolia and constituents to develop novel treatment strategies in immune-mediated inflammatory conditions is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Ning Wee
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Soek-Ying Neo
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
| | - Deepika Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Hui-Chuing Yew
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Zhi-Yu Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xin-Rong Cheryl Tsai
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Sin-Yi How
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Keng-Yan Caleb Yip
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chay-Hoon Tan
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, 16 Medical Drive, Block MD3, #04-01S, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Hwee-Ling Koh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 18 Science Drive 4, Singapore, 117543, Singapore.
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26
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An Overview of the Potential Antineoplastic Effects of Casticin. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25061287. [PMID: 32178324 PMCID: PMC7144019 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer persists as one of the leading causes of deaths worldwide, contributing to approximately 9.6 million deaths per annum in recent years. Despite the numerous advancements in cancer treatment, there is still abundant scope to mitigate recurrence, adverse side effects and toxicities caused by existing pharmaceutical drugs. To achieve this, many phytochemicals from plants and natural products have been tested against cancer cell lines in vivo and in vitro. Likewise, casticin, a flavonoid extracted from the Vitex species, has been isolated from the leaves and seeds of V. trifolia and V. agnus-castus. Casticin possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties, including analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antiangiogenic, antiasthmatic and antineoplastic activities. Several studies have been conducted on the anticancer effects of casticin against cancers, including breast, bladder, oral, lung, leukemia and hepatocellular carcinomas. The compound inhibits invasion, migration and proliferation and induces apoptosis (casticin-induced, ROS-mediated and mitochondrial-dependent) and cell cycle arrest (G0/G1, G2/M, etc.) through different signaling pathways, namely the PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, STAT3 and FOXO3a/FoxM1 pathways. This review summarizes the chemo-preventive ability of casticin as an antineoplastic agent against several malignancies.
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27
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Jiang C, Shi R, Chen B, Yan X, Tang G. Casticin elicits inflammasome-induced pyroptosis through activating PKR/JNK/NF-κB signal in 5-8F cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 123:109576. [PMID: 31951974 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Casticin is one of the effective ingredients of fructus viticis. Most studies have shown that casticin has a strong anti-proliferation activity against various tumor cells. However, its anti-tumor effect and molecular mechanism in nasopharyngeal carcinoma remain unclear. In this study, we demonstrated that the casticin selectively inhibited the proliferation of 5-8F cells in vitro. Further analysis revealed that casticin treatment significantly increased sub-G2 phase and incited pyroptotic process. Moreover, we demonstrated that PKR participated in in regulating the process of GSDMD-dependent pyroptotic tumor cell death. PKR knockdown alleviated the activation of JNK pathway and the expression of its downstream proteins, including cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD-N, interleukin-1β. These findings indicate that PKR/JNK/NF-κB signal is essential for casticin-induced caspase-1 inflammasome formation and inflammatory cytokines release in 5-8F cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyan Jiang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Runjie Shi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Bin Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Xiaojun Yan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China
| | - Guoyao Tang
- Department of Oral Mucosa, Shanghai 9th Peoples Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, China.
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28
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Anti-Atherosclerotic Effects of Fruits of Vitex rotundifolia and Their Isolated Compounds via Inhibition of Human LDL and HDL Oxidation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110727. [PMID: 31726713 PMCID: PMC6920959 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Revised: 11/07/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidation are well known to increase the risk for atherosclerosis. In our ongoing research on natural products with inhibitory activities against oxidation of lipoproteins, fruits of Vitex rotundifolia were found to be highly active. There is no report on the effects on LDL and HDL oxidation. Herein, we investigated the inhibitory effects of V. rotundifolia fruit extract and its six compounds, which are: (1) artemetin, (2) casticin, (3) hesperidin, (4) luteolin, (5) vitexin, and (6) vanillic acid, against LDL and HDL oxidation. The LDL and HDL oxidations were determined by measuring production of conjugated dienes and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, amount of hyperchromicity and carbonyl content, change in electrical charge, and apoA-I aggregation. In addition, the contents of the compounds in the extracts were analyzed using HPLC-DAD. Consequently, extracts of Vitex rotundifolia fruits and compounds 2 and 4 suppressed oxidation of LDL and HDL, showing inhibition of lipid peroxidation, decrease of negative charges in lipoproteins, reduction of hyperchromicity, decrease in carbonyl contents, and prevention of apoA-I aggregation. In particular, compounds 2 and 4 exhibited more potent inhibitory effect on oxidation of LDL and HDL than the extracts, suggesting their protective role against atherosclerosis via inhibition of LDL and HDL oxidation. The contents of artemetin, casticin, and vanillic acid in the extracts were 1.838 ± 0.007, 8.629 ± 0.078, and 1.717 ± 0.006 mg/g, respectively.
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29
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Shou JW, Cheung CK, Gao J, Shi WW, Shaw PC. Berberine Protects C17.2 Neural Stem Cells From Oxidative Damage Followed by Inducing Neuronal Differentiation. Front Cell Neurosci 2019; 13:395. [PMID: 31551713 PMCID: PMC6733922 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2019.00395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegeneration is the loss of structure and/or function of neurons. Oxidative stress has been suggested as one of the common etiology in most of the neurodegenerative diseases. Previous studies have demonstrated the beneficial effects of berberine in various neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we hypothesized that berberine could protect C17.2 neural stem cells (NSCs) from 2,2′-Azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative damage then promote neuronal differentiation. AAPH was used to induce oxidative damage. After the damage, berberine protected C17.2 cells were kept cultured for another week in differentiation medium with/without berberine. Changes in cell morphology were detected by microscopy and cell viability was determined by MTT assay. Real-time PCR and western blot analysis were performed to confirm the associated pathways. Berberine was able to protect C17.2 NSCs from the oxidative damage. It lowered the cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in C17.2 cells via Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Related Factor 1/2 (NRF1/2) – NAD(P)H Quinone Dehydrogenase 1 (NQO-1) – Heme Oxygenase 1 (HO-1) pathway. It also down-regulated the apoptotic factors-Caspase 3 and Bcl2 Associated X (Bax) and upregulated the anti-apoptotic factor-Bcl2 to reduce cell apoptosis. Besides, berberine increased C17.2 cell viability via up-regulating Extracellular-signal-Related Kinase (ERK) and phosphor-Extracellular-signal-Related Kinase (pERK) expression. Then, berberine promoted C17.2 cell to differentiate into neurons and the differentiation mechanism involved the activation of WNT/β-catenin pathway as well as the upregulation of expression levels of pro-neural factors Achaete-Scute Complex-Like 1 (ASCL1), Neurogenin 1 (NeuroG1), Neuronal Differentiation 2 (NeuroD2) and Doublecortin (DCX). In conclusion, berberine protected C17.2 NSCs from oxidative damage then induced them to differentiate into neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Wen Shou
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Chun-Kai Cheung
- Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
| | - Jian Gao
- Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei-Wei Shi
- Shenzhen Health Development Research Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pang-Chui Shaw
- School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,Li Dak Sum Yip Yio Chin R&D Centre for Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.,State Key Laboratory of Research on Bioactivities and Clinical Applications of Medicinal Plants and Institute of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
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30
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Huang WC, Gu PY, Fang LW, Huang YL, Lin CF, Liou CJ. Sophoraflavanone G from Sophora flavescens induces apoptosis in triple-negative breast cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 61:152852. [PMID: 31035052 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A compound isolated from Sophora flavescens-sophoraflavanone G (SG)-showed anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties. We previously demonstrated that SG promoted apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SG on apoptosis in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells, and explored the underlying molecular mechanisms. METHODS MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with various SG concentrations, and cell viability was evaluated by MTT assay. Apoptotic signal proteins were detected by western blotting, and cell apoptosis was assessed using flow cytometry. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that SG induced nuclear condensation, DNA fragmentation, reactive oxygen species production, and increased cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells. SG also suppressed migration and invasion, likely via blockage of the MAPK pathway. In the apoptotic signaling pathway, SG increased cleaved caspase-8, caspase-3, and caspase-9. SG treatment also decreased Bcl-2 and Bcl-xL expression, increased Bax expression, and prompted release of more cytochrome c from mitochondria to the cytoplasm in MDA-MB-231 cells. CONCLUSION Overall, our findings suggest that SG might increase apoptosis, and decrease migration and invasion, in MDA-MB-231 cells through suppression of a MAPK-related pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Chung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan; Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Gu
- Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Fang
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, No.8, Yida Rd. Yanchao Dist., Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ling Huang
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, No. 155-1, Sec. 2, Li-Nung St., Peitou, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan
| | - Chwan-Fwu Lin
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan; Department of Anesthesiology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
| | - Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan; Department of Nursing, Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, and Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, No.261, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 33303, Taiwan.
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Liou CJ, Dai YW, Wang CL, Fang LW, Huang WC. Maslinic acid protects against obesity-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through regulation of the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway. FASEB J 2019; 33:11791-11803. [PMID: 31361524 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201900413rrr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Maslinic acid is a pentacyclic triterpenoid that is distributed in the peel of olives. Previous studies found that maslinic acid inhibited inflammatory response and antioxidant effects. We investigated whether maslinic acid ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice with high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced obesity and evaluated the regulation of lipogenesis in hepatocytes. Male C57BL/6 mice fed a normal diet or HFD (60% fat, w/w) were tested for 16 wk. After the fourth week, mice were injected intraperitoneally with maslinic acid for 12 wk. In another experiment, HepG2 cells were treated with oleic acid to induce lipid accumulation or maslinic acid to evaluate lipogenesis. Maslinic acid significantly reduced body weight compared with HFD-fed mice. Maslinic acid reduced liver weight and liver lipid accumulation and improved hepatocyte steatosis. Furthermore, serum glucose, leptin, and free fatty acid concentrations significantly reduced, but the serum adiponectin concentration was higher, in the maslinic acid group than in the HFD group. In liver tissue, maslinic acid suppressed transcription factors involved in lipogenesis and increased adipose triglyceride lipase. In vitro, maslinic acid decreased lipogenesis by activating AMPK. These findings suggest that maslinic acid acts against hepatic steatosis by regulating enzyme activity involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis, and fatty acid oxidation in the liver.-Liou, C.-J., Dai, Y.-W., Wang, C.-L., Fang, L.-W., Huang, W.-C. Maslinic acid protects against obesity-induced nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in mice through regulation of the Sirt1/AMPK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chian-Jiun Liou
- Division of Basic Medical Sciences, Department of Nursing, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Dai
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ling Wang
- Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Fang
- Department of Nutrition, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chung Huang
- Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan City, Taiwan.,Research Center for Food and Cosmetic Safety, Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, College of Human Ecology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
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Protective Effects of Licochalcone A Improve Airway Hyper-Responsiveness and Oxidative Stress in a Mouse Model of Asthma. Cells 2019; 8:cells8060617. [PMID: 31226782 PMCID: PMC6628120 DOI: 10.3390/cells8060617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2019] [Revised: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Licochalcone A was isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis and previously reported to have antitumor and anti-inflammatory effects. Licochalcone A has also been found to inhibit the levels of Th2-associated cytokines in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of asthmatic mice. However, the molecular mechanism underlying airway inflammation and how licochalcone A regulates oxidative stress in asthmatic mice are elusive. In this study, we investigated whether licochalcone A could attenuate inflammatory and oxidative responses in tracheal epithelial cells, and whether it could ameliorate oxidative stress and airway inflammation in asthmatic mice. Inflammatory human tracheal epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells were treated with licochalcone A to evaluate oxidative responses and inflammatory cytokine levels. In addition, BALB/c mice were sensitized with ovalbumin (OVA) and injected intraperitoneally with licochalcone A (5 or 10 mg/kg). Licochalcone A significantly inhibited reactive oxygen species, eotaxin, and proinflammatory cytokines in BEAS-2B cells. Licochalcone A also decreased intercellular adhesion molecule 1 levels in inflammatory BEAS-2B cells, blocking monocyte cell adherence. We also found that licochalcone A significantly decreased oxidative responses, reduced malondialdehyde levels, and increased glutathione levels in the lungs of OVA-sensitized mice. Furthermore, licochalcone A decreased airway hyper-responsiveness, eosinophil infiltration, and Th2 cytokine production in the BALF. These findings suggest that licochalcone A alleviates oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological changes by inhibiting Th2-associated cytokines in asthmatic mice and human tracheal epithelial cells. Thus, licochalcone A demonstrated therapeutic potential for improving asthma.
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Licochalcone A Inhibits Cellular Motility by Suppressing E-cadherin and MAPK Signaling in Breast Cancer. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030218. [PMID: 30841634 PMCID: PMC6468539 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A compound isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis, licochalcone A (LA) exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor properties in various cell lines. LA has been found to promote autophagy and suppress specificity protein 1, inducing apoptosis in breast cancer cells. However, the regulation of breast cancer cell invasion and migration by LA is elusive. Thus, the present study investigated whether LA induces apoptosis and cellular motility in MDA-MB-231 breast cells, and investigated the underlying molecular mechanisms. MDA-MB-231 cells treated with LA and cell viability measured by cell counting kit-8 assay. Apoptotic signal proteins checked by flow cytometry, fluorescent staining, and Western blot. LA effectively suppressed cell migration, and modulated E-cadherin and vimentin expression by blocking MAPK and AKT signaling. LA inhibited cell proliferation and cell cycle, modulated mitochondrial membrane potential and DNA damage, and reduced oxidative stress in MDA-MB-231 cells. LA also activated cleaved-caspase 3 and 9, significantly decreased Bcl-2 expression, ultimately causing the release of cytochrome c from the mitochondria into the cytoplasm. Overall, our findings suggest that LA decreases cell proliferation and increases reactive oxygen species production for induced apoptosis, and regulates E-cadherin and vimentin by reducing MAPK and AKT signaling, resulting in suppressed MDA-MB-231 cell migration and invasion.
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Kim HJ. Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Fate by Natural Products. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2019; 27:15-24. [PMID: 30481958 PMCID: PMC6319553 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2018.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) can proliferate and differentiate into multiple cell types that constitute the nervous system. NSCs can be derived from developing fetuses, embryonic stem cells, or induced pluripotent stem cells. NSCs provide a good platform to screen drugs for neurodegenerative diseases and also have potential applications in regenerative medicine. Natural products have long been used as compounds to develop new drugs. In this review, natural products that control NSC fate and induce their differentiation into neurons or glia are discussed. These phytochemicals enable promising advances to be made in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Laboratory of Molecular Stem Cell Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974,
Republic of Korea
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