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Thongrong S, Promsrisuk T, Sriraksa N, Surapinit S, Jittiwat J, Kongsui R. Alleviative effect of scopolamine‑induced memory deficit via enhancing antioxidant and cholinergic function in rats by pinostrobin from Boesenbergia rotunda (L.). Biomed Rep 2024; 21:130. [PMID: 39070112 PMCID: PMC11273195 DOI: 10.3892/br.2024.1818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinostrobin, a key bioactive compound found in the medicinal plant Boesenbergia rotunda (L.), has been noted for its beneficial biological properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anti-cancer and anti-amnesia activities. In view of this, the present study purposed to evaluate the neuroprotective potential of pinostrobin in reversing scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment involving oxidative stress and cholinergic function in rats. A total of 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=6): Group 1 received vehicle as a control, group 2 received vehicle + scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.), group 3 received pinostrobin (20 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine, group 4 received pinostrobin (40 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine and group 5 received donepezil (5 mg/kg, p.o.) + scopolamine. Treatments were administered orally to the rats for 14 days. During the final 7 days of treatment, a daily injection of scopolamine was administered. Scopolamine impaired learning and memory performance, as measured by the novel object recognition test and the Y-maze test. Additionally, oxidative stress marker levels, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) expression were determined. Consequently, the findings demonstrated that the administration of pinostrobin (20 and 40 mg/kg) markedly improved cognitive function as indicated by an increase in recognition index and by spontaneous alternation behaviour. Pinostrobin also modulated the levels of oxidative stress by causing a decrease in malondialdehyde levels accompanied by increases in superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities. Similarly, pinostrobin markedly enhanced cholinergic function by decreasing AChE activity and promoting ChAT immunoreactivity in the hippocampus. Additionally, the reduction in GluR1 expression due to scopolamine was diminished by treatment with pinostrobin. The findings indicated that pinostrobin exhibited a significant restoration of scopolamine-induced memory impairment by regulating oxidative stress and cholinergic system function. Thus, pinostrobin could serve as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sitthisak Thongrong
- Division of Anatomy, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Tichanon Promsrisuk
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Napatr Sriraksa
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Serm Surapinit
- Department of Medical Technology, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Jinatta Jittiwat
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand
| | - Ratchaniporn Kongsui
- Division of Physiology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Phayao, Muang Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
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Safarzadeh E, Ataei S, Akbari M, Abolhasani R, Baziar M, Asghariazar V, Dadkhah M. Quercetin ameliorates cognitive deficit, expression of amyloid precursor gene, and pro-inflammatory cytokines in an experimental models of Alzheimer's disease in Wistar rats. Exp Gerontol 2024; 193:112466. [PMID: 38821324 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2024.112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Chronic stress (CS) is critically involved in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis resulting in cognitive disturbance. Also, amyloid precursor protein (APP) related gens, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and stress increases AD-related pathogenesis through increasing APP, all are important players in the development of AD. Herein, we explore the possible neuroprotective and anti-amnestic effect of quercetin (QUER) on cognitive deficits induced by scopolamine (SCOP) in stressed rats. Stress induction was performed by exposed of rats to 2-h chronic restraint stress for 10 days. Then rats were supplemented with QUER (25 mg/kg/day oral gavage, for 1 month). Ratswere submitted to intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of SCOP (1 mg/kg) during the final 9 days of QUER supplementation to induce dementia like condition. Following the interventions, behavioral tests [elevated plus maze (EPM) and novel object recognition memory (NORM)] was examined to analysis the cognitive functions. Meanwhile, prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampus of brain were used for gene expression and biochemical studies. Also, the plasma corticosterone (CORT) level was measured. We established that administration of QUER ameliorated the SCOP-related memory impairment. Also, QUER decreased stress related anxiety like behaviors in the EPM. QUER also altered the interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) levels in both PFC and hippocampus of SCOP treated rats in stress and non-stress conditions. We found that QUER increased APP and amyloid precursor-like protein 2 (APLP2) mRNA expression in both non-stress and stressed rats. Also, our findings imply that QUER suppress the effect of SCOP on cognitive functions. Moreover, decreased APP mRNA expression in the hippocampus were observed following pretreatment of rats with QUER in both stress and non-stress groups. Given that decreased amyloid beta (Aβ) expression in the hippocampus of stressed rats, it can be proposed that elevations in APP mRNA expression by QUER activates non-amyloidogenic pathways leading to reduction in Aβ levels. However, our findings indicate that QUER can be a therapeutic candidate, which exerts an anti-amnesic property against SCOP-induced memory decline. On the other hand, prior QUER administration in stress condition could be a promising approach against AD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Safarzadeh
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Sina Ataei
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; USERN Office, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehdi Akbari
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Rozita Abolhasani
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Milad Baziar
- Student Research Committee, Faculty of Medicine, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; USERN Office, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Vahid Asghariazar
- Department of Microbiology, Parasitology, and Immunology, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
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Arora R, Deshmukh R. Embelin Mitigates Amyloid-β-Induced Neurotoxicity and Cognitive Impairment in Rats: Potential Therapeutic Implications for Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-024-04308-z. [PMID: 39008170 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-024-04308-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a significant form of dementia. Embelin (EMB) is a natural compound with varied actions that could help prevent AD pathology. Herein, we have investigated the neuroprotective potential of EMB against Aβ1-42-induced neurotoxicity in rats. In this experiment, Alzheimer-like dementia was induced in rats by infusing Aβ1-42 oligomers directly into the brain's ventricles. Subsequently, the Aβ1-42-intoxicated rats received treatment with varying doses of EMB (2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg, administered intraperitoneally) over 2 weeks. The spatial and non-spatial memory of animals was assessed at different time intervals, and various biochemical, neurochemical, and neuroinflammatory parameters in the hippocampal brain tissue of the rats were analyzed. Infusion of Aβ1-42 in rat brain caused cognitive impairment and was accompanied by increased acetylcholinesterase activity, oxidative stress, and elevated levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) in the hippocampal tissue. Moreover, a significant decline in the levels of monoamines and an imbalance of GABA and glutamate levels were also observed. EMB treatment significantly mitigated Aβ1-42-induced cognitive deficit and other biochemical changes, including Aβ levels. The EMB-treated rats showed improved learning and consolidation of memory. EMB also attenuated Aβ-induced oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and restored the levels of monoamines and the balance between GABA and glutamate. The observed cognitive benefits following EMB treatment in Aβ1-42-infused rats may be attributed to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and ability to restore hippocampal neurochemistry and Aβ levels. The above findings indicate the therapeutic potential of EMB in neurodegenerative pathologies associated with cognitive decline, such as Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rimpi Arora
- Research Scholar, IKGPTU, Jalandhar, Punjab, India;, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Pb, 142001, India
| | - Rahul Deshmukh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Pb, 151001, India.
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Xu W, Yu P, Shao S, Xie Z, Wu Y, Liu J, Xu T, Cai G, Yang H. Oligosaccharides from black ginseng innovatively prepared by low-temperature steam-heating process ameliorate cognitive impairment in Alzheimer's disease mice via the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024; 104:5625-5638. [PMID: 38372395 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our objective in this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of oligosaccharides extracted from black ginseng (OSBG), innovatively prepared by a low-temperature steam-heating process, in the improvement of learning and memory impairment in mice, as well as the mechanism(s). RESULTS Eight carbohydrates involving isomaltose and maltotetraose were detected in black gensing; monosaccharide residues including mannose and rhamnose were also discovered. OSBG-treated mice showed significant amelioration in recognition and spatial memory deficits compared to the scopolamine group. OSBG could decrease acetylcholinesterase activity in a tissue-dependent fashion but not in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, in contrast, OSBG administration resulted in significant upregulation superoxide dismutase, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1, downregulation of malondialdehyde and nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 in the tissues. Finally, at the genus level, we observed that the OSBG interventions increased the relative abundance of probiotics (e.g., Barnesiella, Staphylococcus, Clostridium_XlVb) and decreased pernicious bacteria such as Eisenbergiella and Intestinimonas, compared to the Alzheimer's disease mouse model group. Herein, our results demonstrate that OSBG restores the composition of the scopolamine-induced intestinal microbiota in mice, providing homeostasis of gut microbiota and providing evidence for microbiota-regulated therapeutic potential. CONCLUSION Our results showed for the first time a clear role for OSBG in improving scopolamine-induced memory impairment by inhibiting cholinergic dysfunction in a tissue-dependent manner. Additionally, OSBG administration relieved oxidative stress by activating the Keap-1/Nrf2 pathway and modulating the gut microbiota. Collectively, OSBG may be a promising target for neuroprotective antioxidants for improving memory and cognition in Alzheimer's disease patients. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiyin Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Peng Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Simeng Shao
- The Public Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaoyang Xie
- The Public Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Yi Wu
- The Public Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Jianing Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Tianyang Xu
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Guangzhi Cai
- College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- The Public Experimental Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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Borikar SP, Sonawane DS, Tapre DN, Jain SP. Exploring the neuropharmacological potential of empagliflozin on nootropic and scopolamine-induced amnesic model of Alzheimer's like conditions in rats. Int J Neurosci 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38626288 DOI: 10.1080/00207454.2024.2342973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most challenging and prevalent neurodegenerative disorder globally with a rising prevalence, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and behavioural changes. Current research aims to determine the nootropic and anti-amnesic effect of Empagliflozin (EMPA) against scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats, by modulating the cholinergic and N-Methyl D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptors. METHODS Rats were treated once daily with an EMPA (5 and 10 mg/kg) and donepezil (2.5 mg/kg) for successive 26 days. During the final 13 days of treatment, a daily injection of scopolamine (1 mg/kg) was administered to induce cognitive deficits. RESULTS EMPA was found to be significantly reduce escape latency, increase time spent in the target quadrant, and enhanced the number of target zone crossings in the Morris water maze (MWM) test, indicating improved spatial memory. Moreover, EMPA increased the recognition index and the number of spontaneous alternations in the novel object recognition (NOR) and Y-maze tests, respectively, suggesting enhanced memory. DISCUSSION Interestingly doses of EMPA (5 mg/kg, 10 mg/kg) exhibited memory-enhancing effects even in the absence of scopolamine-induced impairment. Biochemical analysis revealed that EMPA elevated the levels of glutathione (GSH), a potent antioxidant, while decreasing lipid peroxidation (LPO) activity and increasing catalase (CAT) levels, indicating its antioxidative properties. Interestingly molecular docking studies revealed that EMPA fit perfectly in the active sites of M1 muscarinic acetylcholine (mACh) and NMDA receptors. These results indicated that the nootropic and antiamnesic effect of EMPA is possibly mediated via M1 and NMDA receptors and might be a remedy for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin P Borikar
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dipak S Sonawane
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Deepali N Tapre
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shirish P Jain
- Department of Pharmacology, Rajarshi Shahu College of Pharmacy, Buldana, Maharashtra, India
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Mishra CB, Shalini S, Gusain S, Kumar P, Kumari S, Choi YS, Kumari J, Moku BK, Yadav AK, Prakash A, Jeon R, Tiwari M. Multitarget action of Benzothiazole-piperazine small hybrid molecule against Alzheimer's disease: In silico, In vitro, and In vivo investigation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 174:116484. [PMID: 38565058 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel small molecule based on benzothiazole-piperazine has been identified as an effective multi-target-directed ligand (MTDL) against Alzheimer's disease (AD). Employing a medicinal chemistry approach, combined with molecular docking, MD simulation, and binding free energy estimation, compound 1 emerged as a potent MTDL against AD. Notably, compound 1 demonstrated efficient binding to both AChE and Aβ1-42, involving crucial molecular interactions within their active sites. It displayed a binding free energy (ΔGbind) -18.64± 0.16 and -16.10 ± 0.18 kcal/mol against AChE and Aβ1-42, respectively. In-silico findings were substantiated through rigorous in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro analysis confirmed compound 1 (IC50=0.42 μM) as an effective, mixed-type, and selective AChE inhibitor, binding at both the enzyme's catalytic and peripheral anionic sites. Furthermore, compound 1 demonstrated a remarkable ability to reduce the aggregation propensity of Aβ, as evidenced by Confocal laser scanning microscopy and TEM studies. Remarkably, in vivo studies exhibited the promising therapeutic potential of compound 1. In a scopolamine-induced memory deficit mouse model of AD, compound 1 showed significantly improved spatial memory and cognition. These findings collectively underscore the potential of compound 1 as a promising therapeutic candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Bhushan Mishra
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, South Korea; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Shruti Shalini
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Siddharth Gusain
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- School of Computational and Integrative Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shikha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Yong-Sung Choi
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, South Korea
| | - Jyoti Kumari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Bala Krishna Moku
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anita Kumari Yadav
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Amresh Prakash
- Amity Institute of Integrative Sciences and Health (AIISH), Amity University Haryana, Amity Education Valley, Gurgaon 122413, India
| | - Raok Jeon
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Cheongpa-ro 47-gil 100, Yongsan-gu, Seoul 04310, South Korea.
| | - Manisha Tiwari
- Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Centre for Biomedical Research, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
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Di Micco S, Ciaglia T, Salviati E, Michela P, Kostrzewa M, Musella S, Schiano Moriello A, Di Sarno V, Smaldone G, Di Matteo F, Capolupo I, Infantino R, Bifulco G, Pepe G, Sommella EM, Kumar P, Basilicata MG, Allarà M, Sánchez-Fernández N, Aso E, Gomez-Monterrey IM, Campiglia P, Ostacolo C, Maione S, Ligresti A, Bertamino A. Novel pyrrole based CB2 agonists: New insights on CB2 receptor role in regulating neurotransmitters' tone. Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116298. [PMID: 38493727 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The cannabinoid system is one of the most investigated neuromodulatory systems because of its involvement in multiple pathologies such as cancer, inflammation, and psychiatric diseases. Recently, the CB2 receptor has gained increased attention considering its crucial role in modulating neuroinflammation in several pathological conditions like neurodegenerative diseases. Here we describe the rational design of pyrrole-based analogues, which led to a potent and pharmacokinetically suitable CB2 full agonist particularly effective in improving cognitive functions in a scopolamine-induced amnesia murine model. Therefore, we extended our study by investigating the interconnection between CB2 activation and neurotransmission in this experimental paradigm. To this purpose, we performed a MALDI imaging analysis on mice brains, observing that the administration of our lead compound was able to revert the effect of scopolamine on different neurotransmitter tones, such as acetylcholine, serotonin, and GABA, shedding light on important networks not fully explored, so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Di Micco
- European Biomedical Research Institute (EBRIS), Via S. De Renzi 50, 84125, Salerno, Italy
| | - Tania Ciaglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Emanuela Salviati
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Perrone Michela
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Magdalena Kostrzewa
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Musella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Veronica Di Sarno
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Gerardina Smaldone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesca Di Matteo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Ilaria Capolupo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Rosmara Infantino
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Bifulco
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Giacomo Pepe
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Eduardo M Sommella
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Poulami Kumar
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Marco Allarà
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy
| | - Nuria Sánchez-Fernández
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Ester Aso
- Department of Pharmacy, University Federico II of Naples, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Isabel M Gomez-Monterrey
- Neuropharmacology & Pain Group, Neuroscience Program, Bellvitge Institute for Biomedical Research, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Pietro Campiglia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Carmine Ostacolo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Sabatino Maione
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Pharmacology Division, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 80138, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Ligresti
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Campi Flegrei, 34, 80078, Pozzuoli, Naples, Italy; Pharmacology Unit, Department of Pathology and Experimental Therapeutics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08907, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Spain.
| | - Alessia Bertamino
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via G. Paolo II 132, 84084, Fisciano, Salerno, Italy.
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Babanzadeh R, Vafaei SY, Moghadam DA, Komaki A, Mohammadi M. Quercetin-loaded nanoemulsions prevent Scopolamine-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. Physiol Behav 2024; 277:114494. [PMID: 38360390 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2024.114494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Quercetin (QCT) is well-known as a neuroprotective agent due to its antioxidant capacities and reinstating mitochondrial functions. Scopolamine is commonly used as a model to induce Alzheimer's disease (AD-like) symptoms. The current study develops QCT-loaded nanoemulsion (QCT-NE) accompanied by evaluating its neuro-therapeutic effectiveness against SCO-induced neurotoxicity in male rats. The QCT-NE was prepared by the spontaneous emulsification technique and characterized by using particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, in vitro drug release behavior, and stability studies. In vivo studies were done on adult Wistar rats by applying the Morris water maze (MWM) test to study spatial memory and learning. The levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione were quantitatively determined to reveal the potential mechanism of SCO-induced oxidative stress. Finally, histological studies were performed using staining techniques. The QCT-NE particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index (PDI), and DL were obtained at 172.4 ± 16.8 nm, -29 ± 0.26 mV, 0.3 ± 0.07, and 81.42 ± 9.14 %, respectively. The QCT and more effectively QCT-NE reduced the elevation of neurobehavioral abnormalities in the MWM test in SCO-exposed rats. The results of oxidative status showed that SCO significantly could increase the LPO and decrease the GSH levels in the rat's brain. However, QCT-NE treatment was more effective than free QCT to inhibit oxidative damage and was well correlated with histopathological findings. Taken together, QCT-NE, compared to QCT, was superior in ameliorating SCO-induced AD-like symptoms due to its better neuroprotective activity and can be considered a novel supplementary therapeutic agent in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Babanzadeh
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Seyed Yaser Vafaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Davood Ahmadi Moghadam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Alireza Komaki
- Neurophysiology Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mojdeh Mohammadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
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Hemat Jouy S, Shahraki J, Rezaee R, Ghorani V, Gholami M. Concomitant administration of resveratrol and resistance training ameliorates acrylamide-induced spatial learning impairment in rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2024; 14:177-188. [PMID: 38966625 PMCID: PMC11221768 DOI: 10.22038/ajp.2023.22937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
Objective The present study examined effects of resistance training (RT) and resveratrol (RES) alone and together on acrylamide (AC)-induced memory impairment in rats. Materials and Methods Animals were divided into 6 groups: (1) Control group which received normal saline intraperitoneally (ip) daily for 8 weeks; (2) Scopolamine (SCO) group which received SCO (1 mg/kg/day, ip) for 8 weeks; (3) AC group which received AC (5 mg/kg/day, ip) for 8 weeks; (4) AC + RT group which received AC (5 mg/kg/day, ip) for 8 weeks and performed RT (5 days a week for 8 weeks); (5) AC + RES group which received AC (5 mg/kg/day, ip) and RES (1 mg/kg/day, ip) for 8 weeks; and (6) AC + RT + RES group which received AC (5 mg/kg/day, ip) and RES (1 mg/kg/day, ip) for 8 weeks and performed RT (5 days a week for 8 weeks). On day 53, animal training began in the Morris Water Maze (MWM) and 24 hr after the last training, the probe test was performed. Results RT and RES alone did not significantly affect escape latency or traveled distance increased by AC. However, concomitant RES and RT treatment significantly reduced these parameters compared to the AC group. Co-treatment with RES and RT also significantly increased the time spent in the target quadrant compared to the AC group. Lipid peroxidation was reduced in the AC+RES and AC+RT+RES groups compared to the AC group. Conclusion It seems that daily co-treatment with RES and RT for 8 weeks ameliorates the memory-impairing effects of AC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaghayegh Hemat Jouy
- Department of Exercise Physiology, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Shahraki
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Ramin Rezaee
- International UNESCO Center for Health-Related Basic Sciences and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Vahideh Ghorani
- Clinical Research Development Unit, Imam Reza Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mandana Gholami
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature, Humanities and Social Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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10
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Yan C, Liu Z, Xie W, Zhang T, Zhang J, Li G, Xu X, Ye L, Gong J. Cornuside protects against ischemic stroke in rats by suppressing the IL-17F/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway via the brain-gut axis. Exp Neurol 2024; 373:114672. [PMID: 38169196 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Ischemic stroke is a serious neurological disease with limited therapeutic options; thus, it is particularly important to find effective treatments. Restoration of gut microflora diversity is an important factor in the treatment of ischemic stroke, but the mechanism remains unclear. Cornuside is known for its unique anti-inflammatory and circulation-promoting effects; however, whether it can effectively treat ischemic stroke and its therapeutic mechanisms remain unknown. In this study, we used a rat middle cerebral artery occlusion-reperfusion model (MCAO/R) to mimic ischemic stroke in humans and to assess the cerebral protective effects of cornuside in rats with ischemic stroke. Using 16S rRNA sequencing and RNA sequencing, we explored the cornuside mechanism in the brain-gut axis that confers protection against ischemic stroke. In conclusion, cornuside can inhibit the IL-17F/TRAF6/NF-κB pathway by improving the dysregulation of intestinal microflora, and reduce intestinal inflammation and neuroinflammation, which treated ischemic stroke rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Yan
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Zhihao Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Waner Xie
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Ting Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Genetic Hearing Disorders in Shandong, Department of human anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Jiyao Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Guodong Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China
| | - Xiaoyan Xu
- Department of Immunology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.
| | - Lei Ye
- School of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 263003, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Jianwei Gong
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, PR China.
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11
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Viswanathan S, Arumugam T, Subramanian K, Sivaraj R, Ramesh V, Vasanthi AHR. Molecular docking analysis of flavonoids with AChE and BACE-1. Bioinformation 2024; 20:103-109. [PMID: 38497082 PMCID: PMC10941774 DOI: 10.6026/973206300200103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Flavonoids are promising therapeutics for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Therefore, it is of interest to study the anti-AD potential of 35 flavonoids towards the inhibition of AchE and BACE-1. Hence, the physicochemical, pharmacokinetic parameters, toxicity risk and drug-likeliness of the selected 35 flavonoids were computed. Further, the molecular docking analysis of flavonoids with AChE and BACE-1 were completed. A binding energy of -10.42 kcal/mol Epicatechin gallate, -10.16 kcal/mol sterubin and -10.11 kcal/mol Fisetin was observed with AchE as potential inhibitors. Similarly, Biochainin-A -9.81kcal/mol, Sterubin -8.96 kcal/mol and Epicatechin gallate -7.4 7 kcal/mol showed with BACE-1. Thus, these flavonoids are potential leads for structure-based design of effective anti-Alzheimer's agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sittarthan Viswanathan
- Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution), Puducherry - 605006, India
| | - Thennavan Arumugam
- Department of Pharmacology, Central Animal House, JIPMER, Puducherry - 605006
| | - Kavimani Subramanian
- Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution), Puducherry - 605006, India
| | - Rengaraj Sivaraj
- Department of Pharmacology, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College & Hospital, Puducherry 607402
| | - Vimalavathini Ramesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Mother Theresa Post Graduate & Research Institute of Health Sciences (Government of Puducherry Institution), Puducherry - 605006, India
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12
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Cao THM, Le APH, Tran TT, Huynh VK, Pham BH, Le TM, Nguyen QL, Tran TC, Tong TM, Than THN, Nguyen TTT, Ha HTT. Plasma cell-free RNA profiling of Vietnamese Alzheimer's patients reveals a linkage with chronic inflammation and apoptosis: a pilot study. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1308610. [PMID: 38178908 PMCID: PMC10764507 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1308610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Circulating cell-free RNA (cfRNA) is a potential hallmark for early diagnosis of Alzheimer's Disease (AD) as it construes the genetic expression level, giving insights into the pathological progress from the outset. Profiles of cfRNA in Caucasian AD patients have been investigated thoroughly, yet there was no report exploring cfRNAs in the ASEAN groups. This study examined the gap, expecting to support the development of point-of-care AD diagnosis. Methods cfRNA profiles were characterized from 20 Vietnamese plasma samples (10 probable AD and 10 age-matched controls). RNA reads were subjected to differential expression (DE) analysis. Weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was performed to identify gene modules that were significantly co-expressed. These modules' expression profiles were then correlated with AD status to identify relevant modules. Genes with the highest intramodular connectivity (module membership) were selected as hub genes. Transcript counts of differentially expressed genes were correlated with key AD measures-MMSE and MTA scores-to identify potential biomarkers. Results 136 genes were identified as significant AD hallmarks (p < 0.05), with 52 downregulated and 84 upregulated in the AD cohort. 45.6% of these genes are highly expressed in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and cerebral cortex. Notably, all markers related to chronic inflammation were upregulated, and there was a significant shift in all apoptotic markers. Three co-expressed modules were found to be significantly correlated with Alzheimer's status (p < 0.05; R2> 0.5). Functional enrichment analysis on these modules reveals an association with focal adhesion, nucleocytoplasmic transport, and metal ion response leading to apoptosis, suggesting the potential participation of these pathways in AD pathology. 47 significant hub genes were found to be differentially expressed genes with the highest connectivity. Six significant hub genes (CREB1, YTHDC1, IL1RL1, PHACTR2, ANKRD36B, RNF213) were found to be significantly correlated with MTA and MMSE scores. Other significant transcripts (XRN1, UBB, CHP1, THBS1, S100A9) were found to be involved in inflammation and neuronal death. Overall, we have identified candidate transcripts in plasma cf-RNA that are differentially expressed and are implicated in inflammation and apoptosis, which can jumpstart further investigations into applying cf-RNA as an AD biomarker in Vietnam and ASEAN countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thien Hoang Minh Cao
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Anh Phuc Hoang Le
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tai Tien Tran
- Department of Physiology, Pathophysiology and Immunology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vy Kim Huynh
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Bao Hoai Pham
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thao Mai Le
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Quang Lam Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thang Cong Tran
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Mai Tong
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - The Ha Ngoc Than
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Department of Geriatrics and Palliative Care, University Medical Center, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tran Tran To Nguyen
- Department of Geriatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Huong Thi Thanh Ha
- School of Biomedical Engineering, International University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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13
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Dhapola R, Kumari S, Sharma P, HariKrishnaReddy D. Insight into the emerging and common experimental in-vivo models of Alzheimer's disease. Lab Anim Res 2023; 39:33. [PMID: 38082453 PMCID: PMC10712122 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-023-00184-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial, rapidly progressing neurodegenerative disorder. As the exact cause of the disease is still unclear, the drug development is very challenging. This review encompasses the commonly used AD models involving various chemicals, heavy metals and endogenous substances induced models and the transgenic models. It also provides insight into the reliable emerging models of AD that may overcome the shortcomings associated with available models. Chemicals like streptozotocin, scopolamine, colchicine and okadaic acid render the animal susceptible to neuroinflammation and oxidative stress induced neurodegeneration along with amyloid-β deposition and tau hyperphosphorylation. Similarly, endogenous substances like acrolein and amyloid-β 1-42 are efficient in inducing the major pathologies of AD. Heavy metals like aluminum and fluoride and mixture of these have been reported to induce neurotoxicity therefore are used as animal models for AD. Transgenic models developed as a result of knock-in or knock-out of certain genes associated with AD including PDAPP, APP23, Tg2576, APP/PS1, 3 × Tg and 5 × FAD have also been incorporated in this study. Further, emerging and advanced pathomimetic models of AD are provided particular interest here which will add on to the current knowledge of animal models and may aid in the drug development process and deepen our understanding related to AD pathogenesis. These newly discovered models include oAβ25-35 model, transgenic model expressing 82-kDa ChAT, oDGal mouse and APP knock-in rat. This study may aid in the selection of suitable model for development of novel potent therapeutics and for exploring detailed pathogenic mechanism of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishika Dhapola
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Prajjwal Sharma
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Dibbanti HariKrishnaReddy
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Ghudda, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India.
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Stanciu GD, Ababei DC, Solcan C, Bild V, Ciobica A, Beschea Chiriac SI, Ciobanu LM, Tamba BI. Preclinical Studies of Canagliflozin, a Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter 2 Inhibitor, and Donepezil Combined Therapy in Alzheimer's Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1620. [PMID: 38004485 PMCID: PMC10674192 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), is continuously growing worldwide, which leads to a heavy economic and societal burden. The lack of a safe and effective causal therapy in cognitive decline is an aggravating factor and requires investigations into the repurposing of commonly used drugs. Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a new and efficient class of hypoglycemic drugs and, due to their pleiotropic effects, have indications that go beyond diabetes. There is emerging data from murine studies that SGLT2i can cross the blood-brain barrier and may have neuroprotective effects, such as increasing the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), reducing the amyloid burden, inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and restoring the circadian rhythm in the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) activation. The current study investigates the effect of an SGLT2i and donepezil, under a separate or combined 21-day treatment on AD-relevant behaviors and brain pathology in mice. The SGLT2i canagliflozin was found to significantly improve the novelty preference index and the percentage of time spent in the open arms of the maze in the novel object recognition and elevated plus maze test, respectively. In addition, canagliflozin therapy decreased AChE activity, mTOR and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression. The results also recorded the acetylcholine M1 receptor in canagliflozin-treated mice compared to the scopolamine group. In the hippocampus, the SGLT2i canagliflozin reduced the microgliosis and astrogliosis in males, but not in female mice. These findings emphasize the value of SGLT2i in clinical practice. By inhibiting AChE activity, canagliflozin represents a compound that resembles AD-registered therapies in this respect, supporting the need for further evaluation in dementia clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Dumitrita Stanciu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
| | - Daniela Carmen Ababei
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Carmen Solcan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Veronica Bild
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Pharmacodynamics and Clinical Pharmacy Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Andrei Ciobica
- Physiology Department, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
| | - Sorin-Ioan Beschea Chiriac
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Loredana Maria Ciobanu
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Alexandru Ioan Cuza High School, 37 Ion Creanga Street, 700317 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Ionel Tamba
- Advanced Research and Development Center for Experimental Medicine (CEMEX), Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (G.D.S.); (B.-I.T.)
- Department of Pharmacology, Clinical Pharmacology and Algesiology, Grigore T. Popa University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 16 Universitatii Street, 700115 Iasi, Romania
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15
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Kaur K, Narang RK, Singh S. Glabridin mitigates TiO 2NP induced cognitive deficit in adult zebrafish. Neurochem Int 2023; 169:105585. [PMID: 37499946 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Glabridin is extracted from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra, which has anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated the neuroprotective potential of Glabridin against the learning and memory deficit by triggering NRF2/HO-1 signaling in Titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2NP) treated zebrafish. Our study suggests that Glabridin at doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg/day for 7 days improved memory and lowered anxiety in the novel object recognition test, T-maze, and novel diving tank respectively. Biochemical analysis showed that Glabridin treatment in TiO2NP-exposed zebrafish enhanced GSH, CAT, SOD, and GPx activity and reduced MDA levels; inhibited proinflammatory mediators, namely, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In histopathological evaluation, Glabridin significantly reduced pycnotic neurons in TiO2NP-treated zebrafish brains. Furthermore, Glabridin upregulated NRF2 and HO-1 levels, which leads to a decline in oxidative stress and neuroinflammation and were reversed by ML385 treatment. ML385 as a probe molecule that specifically inhibit NRF2 and prevents its downstream gene expression. Thus, these considerable outcomes provide new insights into the neuroprotective effect of glabridin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karamjeet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy (An Autonomous College), Moga, Punjab, 142001, India; Affiliated to IKG- Punjab Technical University, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144603, India
| | - R K Narang
- Nanomedicine Research Centre, Department of Pharmaceutics, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India
| | - Shamsher Singh
- Neuropharmacology Division, Department of Pharmacology, ISF College of Pharmacy, Moga, Punjab, 142001, India.
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Sandeep Ganesh G, Konduri P, Kolusu AS, Namburi SV, Chunduru BTC, Nemmani KVS, Samudrala PK. Neuroprotective Effect of Saroglitazar on Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's in Rats: Insights into the Underlying Mechanisms. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:3444-3459. [PMID: 37669120 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most prevalent and progressive neurodegenerative disorders, hallmarked by increased amyloid-β deposition and enhanced oxidative load in the brain, ensuing cognitive decline. The present study is aimed at elucidating the neuroprotective effect of saroglitazar, a dual peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα/γ) agonist used in the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia, against memory impairment induced by intraperitoneal scopolamine injection. 30 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into the following five groups: (A) Veh + Veh, (B) SGZ + Veh, (C) Veh + SCOP, (D) DPZ + SCOP, and (E) SGZ + SCOP. Rats of the respective groups were pretreated with saroglitazar (10 mg/kg, p.o.) and donepezil (3 mg/kg, p.o.) once daily for 16 days. During the final 9 days of the study, a daily injection of scopolamine (3 mg/kg, i.p.) was administered to the respective groups. Adjacent to the scopolamine injection, behavioral tests such as the open field, Y maze, novel object recognition test, and Morris water maze were conducted to assess learning and memory. Additionally, biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE), nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), β-amyloid levels, and NF-κB were measured in the hippocampus. The rats that received scopolamine injections showed significantly impaired short-term spatial and learning memory. This was associated with an increase in β-amyloid, iNOS, nitric oxide (NO), malondialdehyde, NF-κB, and TNF-α levels in the hippocampus of AD rats. On the other hand, saroglitazar has provided promising data on its protective role in cognition by protecting the BDNF, SOD, and GSH decline. As a result, saroglitazar was found to be a promising therapy in AD by upregulating the antioxidant status and cholinergic activity and preventing memory loss. Collectively, findings in the present study revealed that saroglitazar protected AD by suppressing scopolamine-mediated learning and memory deficits, oxidative stress, and cholinergic damage. Studying these mechanisms may conclude the protective role of saroglitazar against AD. However, further studies in transgenic animals will provide numerous insights into treatment mechanisms and contribute to developing a therapeutic intervention for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grandhi Sandeep Ganesh
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Prasad Konduri
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Aravinda Sai Kolusu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Srihari Vandana Namburi
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Bala Tejo Chandra Chunduru
- Clinical Data Manager, STATMINDS LLC, 501 Allendale Rd Suite 202, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Kumar V S Nemmani
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
| | - Pavan Kumar Samudrala
- Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vishnu College of Pharmacy, Bhimavaram, Andhra Pradesh 534202, India
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17
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Cores Á, Carmona-Zafra N, Clerigué J, Villacampa M, Menéndez JC. Quinones as Neuroprotective Agents. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1464. [PMID: 37508002 PMCID: PMC10376830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12071464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Quinones can in principle be viewed as a double-edged sword in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases, since they are often cytoprotective but can also be cytotoxic due to covalent and redox modification of biomolecules. Nevertheless, low doses of moderately electrophilic quinones are generally cytoprotective, mainly due to their ability to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway and thus induce the expression of detoxifying enzymes. Some natural quinones have relevant roles in important physiological processes. One of them is coenzyme Q10, which takes part in the oxidative phosphorylation processes involved in cell energy production, as a proton and electron carrier in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, and shows neuroprotective effects relevant to Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Additional neuroprotective quinones that can be regarded as coenzyme Q10 analogues are idobenone, mitoquinone and plastoquinone. Other endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activities include tocopherol-derived quinones, most notably vatiquinone, and vitamin K. A final group of non-endogenous quinones with neuroprotective activity is discussed, comprising embelin, APX-3330, cannabinoid-derived quinones, asterriquinones and other indolylquinones, pyrroloquinolinequinone and its analogues, geldanamycin and its analogues, rifampicin quinone, memoquin and a number of hybrid structures combining quinones with amino acids, cholinesterase inhibitors and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángel Cores
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Noelia Carmona-Zafra
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Clerigué
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mercedes Villacampa
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Carlos Menéndez
- Unidad de Química Orgánica y Farmacéutica, Departamento de Química en Ciencias Farmacéuticas, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Complutense, Plaza de Ramón y Cajal sn, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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18
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Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N. Spotlight on Coenzyme Q10 in scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease: oxidative stress/PI3K/AKT/GSK 3ß/CREB/BDNF/TrKB. J Pharm Pharmacol 2023:rgad048. [PMID: 37315215 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgad048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excess amyloid beta (Aβ) and oxidative stress (OS) are inextricable hallmarks of the neuronal damage associated Alzheimer's disease. Aβ-induced cognitive and memory dysfunctions are mediated through different signalling pathways as phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) and their downstream intermediates including protein-kinase-B, known as Akt, glycogen-synthase-kinase-3β (GSK-3β), cAMP-response-element-binding-protein (CREB), brain-derived-neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin-related-kinase receptor-B (TrKB). The current work aims to investigate the protective potentials of CoQ10 against scopolamine (Scop)-induced cognitive disability and the contribution of PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF/TrKB in the neuroprotection effects. METHODS The chronic co-administration of CQ10 (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg/day i.p.) with Scop in Wistar rats for 6 weeks were assayed both behaviourally and biochemically. KEY FINDINGS CoQ10 ameliorated the Scop-induced cognitive and memory defects by restoring alterations in novel object recognition and Morris water maze behavioural tests. CoQ10 favourably changed the Scop-induced deleterious effects in hippocampal malondialdehyde, 8-hydroxy-2' deoxyguanosine, antioxidants and PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF/TrKB levels. CONCLUSIONS These results exhibited the neuroprotective effects of CoQ10 on Scop-induced AD and revealed its ability to inhibit oxidative stress, amyloid deposition and to modulate PI3K/Akt/GSK-3β/CREB/BDNF/TrKB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Abuelezz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
- Basic Medical Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Galala University, Suez, Egypt
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19
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AlGhamdi SA, Al-Abbasi FA, Alghamdi AM, Omer AB, Afzal O, Altamimi ASA, Alamri A, Alzarea SI, Almalki WH, Kazmi I. Barbigerone prevents scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats by inhibiting oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase levels. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2023; 10:230013. [PMID: 37063992 PMCID: PMC10090886 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The current study was designed for the evaluation of barbigerone on memory loss. In this experimental study, 24 Wistar rats (n = 6) were used. Control rats and scopolamine (SCOP)-treated control group rats were orally administered with 3 ml of 0.5% sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (vehicle), whereas barbigerone was (10 and 20 mg kg-1) administered orally to the rats from the test group. During the 14-day treatment, control group rats were given 3 ml kg-1 day-1 saline, and all other groups were administered SCOP (1 mg kg-1 day-1, i.p.) 1 h after barbigerone p.o. treatment. The spontaneous alternation activities, learning capacities of a rat's memory were tested with Morris water maze and Y-maze. Reduced glutathione, malondialdehyde, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and catalase (CAT) levels were measured in rat brain tissue as oxidative stress/antioxidant markers. Moreover, the levels of tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β were also estimated. Treatment with barbigerone in SCOP-administered rats dramatically reduced SCOP-induced neurobehavioural deficits, oxidative stress and neuroinflammatory markers, improved endogenous antioxidants, and restored AChE activity. By improving cholinergic function and reducing oxidative damage, barbigerone could mitigate the effects of SCOP-induced changes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shareefa A. AlGhamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Experimental Biochemistry Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amira M. Alghamdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma B. Omer
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, Foundation Year for the Health Colleges, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Obaid Afzal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmalik S. A. Altamimi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alamri
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami I. Alzarea
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Aljouf, Sakaka 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed Hassan Almalki
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Thawkar BS, Kaur G. Betanin mitigates scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment by restoring cholinergic function, boosting brain antioxidative status, and increasing BDNF level in the zebrafish model. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2023; 49:335-349. [PMID: 36991213 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01185-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Betalains obtained from Beta vulgaris (family Caryophyllales) are regularly consumed as part of the regular diet with medicinal benefits due to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The objective of this article was to evaluate betanin's neuroprotective properties in a scopolamine-induced zebrafish paradigm. Betanin (BET) (50, 100, and 200 mg/L), and donepezil (10 mg/L) were delivered to zebrafish in a treatment tank once a day for 8 days, while memory impairment was produced by scopolamine (100 µM), which was given 60 min before behavioral assessments. The treatment dosages were determined based on acute toxicity studies. The existence of betacyanin and betaxanthins of BET was tested using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The Y-maze task was used to examine the novelty and spatial memory, while the novel tank diving test was used to assess anxiety-like behavior (NTT). The activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and the oxidative stress sensitivity in zebrafish brains were examined. Also, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) level is quantified by an ELISA kit. Scopolamine-induced rises in AChE activity, memory loss, anxiety, and brain oxidant capacity were all reduced by BET. These results suggest that BET (50 and 100 mg/L) has a therapeutic ability to treat brain oxidative stress and cognitive deficits in amnesic zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baban S Thawkar
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India
| | - Ginpreet Kaur
- Department of Pharmacology, SPP School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai, 400056, India.
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21
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Al-Tawarah NM, Al-Dmour RH, Abu Hajleh MN, Khleifat KM, Alqaraleh M, Al-Saraireh YM, Jaradat AQ, Al-Dujaili EAS. Rosmarinus officinalis and Mentha piperita Oils Supplementation Enhances Memory in a Rat Model of Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Condition. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061547. [PMID: 36986277 PMCID: PMC10056489 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is regarded as a common neurodegenerative disease that may lead to dementia and the loss of memory. We report here the nootropic and anti-amnesic effects of both peppermint and rosemary oils using a rat model of scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD. Rats were administered orally with two doses (50 and 100 mg/kg) of each single oil and combined oils. The positive group used donepezil (1 mg/kg). In the therapeutic phase, rats were administered scopolamine (1 mg/kg) through the oral administration of oils. During the nootropic phase, both oils showed a significant (p < 0.05) decrease in radial arm maze latency times, working memory, and reference memory errors compared with the normal group, along with significant (p < 0.05) enhancements of long-term memory during the passive avoidance test. Therapeutic phase results revealed significant enhancements of memory processing compared with the positive groups. In the hippocampus, oils exhibited an elevation of BDNF levels in a dose-dependent manner. Immunohistochemistry findings showed increased hippocampal neurogenesis suppressed by scopolamine in the sub-granular zone, and the anti-amnesic activity of single oil was enhanced when the two oils combined. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS) of the two oils revealed sufficient compounds (1,8-Cineole, α-Pinene, menthol and menthone) with potential efficacy in the memory process and cognitive defects. Our work suggests that both oils could enhance the performance of working and spatial memory, and when combined, more anti-amnesic activity was produced. A potential enhancement of hippocampal growth and neural plasticity was apparent with possible therapeutic activity to boost memory in AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nafe M Al-Tawarah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Rawand H Al-Dmour
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Maha N Abu Hajleh
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Centre, Faculty of Allied Medical Sciences, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | - Khaled M Khleifat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman 19328, Jordan
| | | | - Ahmad Q Jaradat
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Emad A S Al-Dujaili
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK
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22
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Nuthakki VK, Choudhary S, Reddy CN, Bhatt S, Jamwal A, Jotshi A, Raghuvanshi R, Sharma A, Thakur S, Jadhav HR, Bharate SS, Nandi U, Kumar A, Bharate SB. Design, Synthesis, and Pharmacological Evaluation of Embelin-Aryl/alkyl Amine Hybrids as Orally Bioavailable Blood-Brain Barrier Permeable Multitargeted Agents with Therapeutic Potential in Alzheimer's Disease: Discovery of SB-1448. ACS Chem Neurosci 2023; 14:1193-1219. [PMID: 36812360 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.3c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The complex and multifaceted nature of Alzheimer's disease has brought about a pressing demand to develop ligands targeting multiple pathways to combat its outrageous prevalence. Embelin is a major secondary metabolite of Embelia ribes Burm f., one of the oldest herbs in Indian traditional medicine. It is a micromolar inhibitor of cholinesterases (ChEs) and β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE-1) with poor absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) properties. Herein, we synthesize a series of embelin-aryl/alkyl amine hybrids to improve its physicochemical properties and therapeutic potency against targeted enzymes. The most active derivative, 9j (SB-1448), inhibits human acetylcholinesterase (hAChE), human butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE), and human BACE-1 (hBACE-1) with IC50 values of 0.15, 1.6, and 0.6 μM, respectively. It inhibits both ChEs noncompetitively with ki values of 0.21 and 1.3 μM, respectively. It is orally bioavailable, crosses blood-brain barrier (BBB), inhibits Aβ self-aggregation, possesses good ADME properties, and protects neuronal cells from scopolamine-induced cell death. The oral administration of 9j at 30 mg/kg attenuates the scopolamine-induced cognitive impairments in C57BL/6J mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sushil Choudhary
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Chilakala N Reddy
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shipra Bhatt
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ashiya Jamwal
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Anshika Jotshi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Rinky Raghuvanshi
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ankita Sharma
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Shikha Thakur
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Hemant R Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Sciences Pilani, Pilani Campus, Vidya Vihar, Pilani 333031, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Utpal Nandi
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu 180001, India.,Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad 201002, India
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23
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Foudah AI, Devi S, Alam A, Salkini MA, Ross SA. Anticholinergic effect of resveratrol with vitamin E on scopolamine-induced Alzheimer's disease in rats: Mechanistic approach to prevent inflammation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1115721. [PMID: 36817151 PMCID: PMC9932024 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1115721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The most common form of dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), is characterized by gradual declines in cognitive abilities and behavior. It is caused by a combination of factors, including amyloid-β (Aβ) accumulation, acetylcholine (ACh) loss, oxidative stress, and inflammation. Phenolic compounds have a variety of health benefits, including antioxidant activities. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate how resveratrol (RES) alone and in combination with vitamin E affected rats with AD using scopolamine (SCO). Animals are categorized into groups; (i) control, (ii) SCO (1 mg/kg i.p.), (iii) SCO + donepezil, (iv) SCO + RES (50 mg/kg, p.o.), (v) SCO + RES (75 mg/kg, p.o.), (vi) SCO + RES (50 mg/kg + vitamin E 1 mg/kg, p.o.) for 17 days. In rats, studied behavioural (NOR and EPM) and biochemical characteristics. In addition, brain histopathology was examined to investigate any damage to the hippocampus and neuroprotection. SCO-induced changes in acetylcholinesterase, protein carbonyl, and TNF-α improved after resveratrol treatment. RES increased antioxidant levels, decreased SCO-induced lipid peroxidation, and reversed SCO-mediated changes compared with the drug donepezil. The results indicated that RES and vitamin E had nootropic action in the NOR and EPM tests, measured by the recognition index and the inflection ratio. This study supports the efficacy of RES as a preventive and treatment agent for AD. Vitamin E showed a synergistic effect on RES, which helps in managing cognitive impairment AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I. Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia,*Correspondence: Ahmed I. Foudah, ,
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Ayman Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samir A. Ross
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States,Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS, United States
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24
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Kazmi I, Al-Abbasi FA, Afzal M, Shahid Nadeem M, Altayb HN. Sterubin protects against chemically-induced Alzheimer's disease by reducing biomarkers of inflammation- IL-6/ IL-β/ TNF-α and oxidative stress- SOD/MDA in rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103560. [PMID: 36712184 PMCID: PMC9876951 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterubin, a flavanone is an active chemical compound that possesses neuroprotective activity. The current investigation was intended to assess the sterubin effect in scopolamine-activated Alzheimer's disease. The rats were induced with scopolamine (1.5 mg/kg) followed by treatment with sterubin (10 mg/kg) for 14 days. Behavioural analysis was predictable by the Y-maze test and Morris water test. Biochemical variables like nitric oxide acetylcholinesterase, Choline acetyltransferase, antioxidant markers like superoxide dismutase, glutathione transferase, malondialdehyde, catalase, and myeloperoxidase activity, neuroinflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha, nuclear factor kappa B, interferon-gamma, interleukin (IL-1β), and IL-6 were measured. The result stated that sterubin reversed the oxidative stress parameters, increased motor performance, and lowered the inflammatory markers in scopolamine-induced rats. The study demonstrated that sterubin possesses neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties which can be used as a beneficial medication in AD.
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Key Words
- Acetylcholinesterase, AChE
- Alzheimer’s disease
- Alzheimer’s disease, AD
- Catalase, CAT
- Choline acetyltransferase, ChAT
- Morris water maze, MWM
- Myeloperoxidase, MPO
- Neuroinflammatory markers
- Neuroprotective
- Oxidative stress
- Reduced glutathione, GSH
- Scopolamine
- Scopolamine, SCOP
- Sterubin
- acetylcholinesterase, ACh
- interferon, IFN
- interleukin, IL
- reactive oxygen species, ROS
- tumor necrosis factor, TNF
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Affiliation(s)
- Imran Kazmi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Fahad A. Al-Abbasi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Afzal
- Department of Pharmacology, Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Rajawala, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Muhammad Shahid Nadeem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hisham N. Altayb
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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25
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Bashir DJ, Manzoor S, Sarfaraj M, Afzal SM, Bashir M, Nidhi, Rastogi S, Arora I, Samim M. Magnoflorine-Loaded Chitosan Collagen Nanocapsules Ameliorate Cognitive Deficit in Scopolamine-Induced Alzheimer's Disease-like Conditions in a Rat Model by Downregulating IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, and Oxidative Stress and Upregulating Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and DCX Expressions. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:2227-2236. [PMID: 36687096 PMCID: PMC9850486 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c06467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Dementia or the loss of cognitive functioning is one of the major health issues in elderly people. Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the common forms of dementia. Treatment chiefly involves the use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors in AD. However, oxidative stress has also been found to be involved in the proliferation of the disease. Magnoflorine is one of the active compounds of Coptidis Rhizoma and has high anti-oxidative properties. Active principle-loaded nanoparticles have shown increased efficiency for neurodegenerative diseases due to their ability to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily. An in vitro study involving magnoflorine-loaded chitosan collagen nanocapsules (MF-CCNc) has shown them to possess inhibitory effects against oxidative stress and to some extent on AChE as well. In the current study, both nootropic and anti-amnesic effects of magnoflorine and MF-CCNc on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats were evaluated. The treatment was done intraperitoneally (i.p.) once daily for 17 consecutive days with MF-CCNc (0.25, 0.5, and 1 mg), magnoflorine (1 mg), and donepezil (1 mg). To induce amnesia, hence, cognitive deficit rats were induced with scopolamine (1 mg/kg) daily for the last 9 days. Novel object recognition (NOR) and elevated plus maze (EPM) behavioral analysis were done to assess memory functioning. Hippocampal tissues were extracted to study the effect on biochemicals (AChE, MDA, SOD, and CAT), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α), and immunohistochemistry (brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and DCX). MF-CCNc showed memory-enhancing effects in nootropic as well as chronic scopolamine-treated rats in NOR and an increase in inflexion ratio in EPM. MF-CCNc reduced the levels of AChE and MDA while increasing SOD and CAT levels in the hippocampus. MF-CCNc further lowered the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. These nanocapsules further increased the expression of BDNF and DCX that are necessary for adult neurogenesis. From the research findings, it can be concluded that MF-CCNc has high anti-amnesic properties and could be a promising candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dar Junaid Bashir
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Saliha Manzoor
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Mohd Sarfaraj
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shekh Mohammad Afzal
- Department
of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life
Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Masarat Bashir
- COTS,
Mirgund, Shalimar, SKUAST Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 193121, India
| | - Nidhi
- Centre
for Translational and Clinical Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
| | - Shweta Rastogi
- Hansraj
College, Delhi University, New Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
| | - Indu Arora
- Shaheed
Rajguru College of Applied Sciences for Women, Vasundhara Enclave, New
Delhi, Delhi 110096, India
| | - Mohammed Samim
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India
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26
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Antiamnesic Effects of Feralolide Isolated from Aloe vera Resin Miller against Learning Impairments Induced in Mice. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010161. [PMID: 36671023 PMCID: PMC9854566 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Feralolide, a dihydroisocoumarin, was isolated from the methanolic extract of resin of Aloe vera. The present study aims to investigate the in vivo ability of feralolide to ameliorate memory impairment induced by scopolamine using a battery of in vitro assays, such as antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) inhibition, and in vivo animal models, including elevated plus maze, Morris water maze, passive avoidance, and novel object recognition tests. Feralolide caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of AChE and BuChE enzymes with IC50 values of 55 and 52 μg/mL, respectively, and antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2, 2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) with IC50 values 170 and 220 μg/mL, respectively. Feralolide reversed the scopolamine-induced amnesia as indicated by a dose-dependent decrease in escape latency, path length, and passing frequency in the Morris water maze test compared with the relevant control. The compound also significantly increased the discrimination index in a dose-dependent manner in NORT and decreased transfer latency in EPM, reflective of its memory-enhancing effect. Furthermore, feralolide also caused significant dose-dependent elevation in the step-down latency (SDL) in the passive avoidance test. The results indicated that feralolide might be a helpful memory restorative mediator in treating cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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27
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Khleifat KM, Al-Tawarah NM, Al-Kafaween MA, Al-Ksasbeh W, Qaralleh H, Alqaraleh M, Al-Hamaideh KD, Al-Saraireh YM, AlSarayreh A, Al Qaisi Y, Mohd Hilmi AB. Memory Enhancing and Neurogenesis Activity of Honey Bee Venom in the Symptoms of Amnesia: Using Rats with Amnesia-like Alzheimer's Disease as a Model. Curr Alzheimer Res 2023; 20:190-201. [PMID: 37317907 DOI: 10.2174/1567205020666230614143027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Alzheimer's disease (AD) is mainly characterized by amnesia that affects millions of people worldwide. This study aims to explore the effectiveness capacities of bee venom (BV) for the enhancement of the memory process in a rat model with amnesia-like AD. METHODS The study protocol contains two successive phases, nootropic and therapeutic, in which two BV doses (D1; 0.25 and D2: 0.5 mg/kg i.p.) were used. In the nootropic phase, treatment groups were compared statistically with a normal group. Meanwhile, in the therapeutic phase, BV was administered to scopolamine (1mg/kg) to induce amnesia-like AD in a rat model in which therapeutic groups were compared with a positive group (donepezil; 1mg/kg i.p.). Behavioral analysis was performed after each phase by Working Memory (WM) and Long-Term Memory (LTM) assessments using radial arm maze (RAM) and passive avoidance tests (PAT). Neurogenic factors; Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Doublecortin (DCX) were measured in plasma using ELISA and Immunohistochemistry analysis of hippocampal tissues, respectively. RESULTS During the nootropic phase, treatment groups demonstrated a significant (P < 0.05) reduction in RAM latency times, spatial WM errors, and spatial reference errors compared with the normal group. In addition, the PA test revealed a significant (P < 0.05) enhancement of LTM after 72 hours in both treatment groups; D1 and D2. In the therapeutic phase, treatment groups reflected a significant (P < 0.05) potent enhancement in the memory process compared with the positive group; less spatial WM errors, spatial reference errors, and latency time during the RAM test, and more latency time after 72 hours in the light room. Moreover, results presented a marked increase in the plasma level of BDNF, as well as increased hippocampal DCX-positive data in the sub-granular zone within the D1 and D2 groups compared with the negative group (P < 0.05) in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSION This study revealed that injecting BV enhances and increases the performance of both WM and LTM. Conclusively, BV has a potential nootropic and therapeutic activity that enhances hippocampal growth and plasticity, which in turn improves WM and LTM. Given that this research was conducted using scopolamine-induced amnesia-like AD in rats, it suggests that BV has a potential therapeutic activity for the enhancement of memory in AD patients in a dose-dependent manner but further investigations are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled M Khleifat
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Nafe M Al-Tawarah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A Al-Kafaween
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
| | - We'am Al-Ksasbeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Haitham Qaralleh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Moath Alqaraleh
- Pharmacological and Diagnostic Research Center (PDRC), Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Ahliyya Amman University, Amman, Jordan
| | - Khawla D Al-Hamaideh
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Balqa Applied University, Al-Salt 19117, Jordan
| | - Yousef M Al-Saraireh
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Mutah University, P.O. Box 7, Al-Karak 61710, Jordan
| | - Ahmad AlSarayreh
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Yaseen Al Qaisi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Mutah University, Al-Karak, Jordan
| | - Abu Bakar Mohd Hilmi
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Terengganu, Malaysia
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Patel P, Shah J. Vitamin D 3 supplementation ameliorates cognitive impairment and alters neurodegenerative and inflammatory markers in scopolamine induced rat model. Metab Brain Dis 2022; 37:2653-2667. [PMID: 36156759 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-022-01086-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A multifaceted approach can be effective for the treatment of dementia including the most common form, Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, currently, it involves only symptomatic treatment with cholinergic drugs. Beneficial effects of high Vitamin D3 levels or its intake in the prevention and treatment of cognitive disorders have been reported. Thus, the present study examined the preventive effect of Vitamin D3 (Calcitriol) supplementation on cognitive impairment and evaluated its impact on the accumulation or degradation of Aβ plaques. A single intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine was used to induce cognitive impairment in rats. Treatment of Vitamin D3 was provided for 21 days after the injection. Various behavioral parameters like learning, spatial memory and exploratory behavior, biochemical alterations in the brain homogenate and histology of the hippocampus were investigated. Our results indicated that scopolamine-induced rats depicted cognitive deficits with high Aβ levels and hyperphosphorylated tau proteins in the brain tissue, while Vitamin D supplementation could significantly improve the cognitive status and lower these protein levels. These results were supported by the histopathological and immunohistochemical staining of the hippocampal brain region. Furthermore, mechanistic analysis depicted that Vitamin D supplementation improved the Aβ protein clearance by increasing the neprilysin levels. It also reduced the accumulation of Aβ plaques by lowering neuroinflammation as well as oxidative stress. The present findings indicate that Vitamin D3 supplementation can ameliorate cognitive deficits and thereby delay AD progression by increasing Aβ plaque degradation, reducing inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parmi Patel
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 381 481, India
| | - Jigna Shah
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 381 481, India.
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, 382 481, India.
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Foudah AI, Alqarni MH, Alam A, Devi S, Salkini MA, Alam P. Rutin Improves Anxiety and Reserpine-Induced Depression in Rats. Molecules 2022; 27:7313. [PMID: 36364141 PMCID: PMC9654015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 08/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Mental disorders have a poor clinical prognosis and account for approximately 8% of the global burden of disease. Some examples of mental disorders are anxiety and depression. Conventional antidepressants have limited efficacy in patients because their pharmacological effects wear off, and side effects increase with prolonged use. It is claimed that herbal medicine's antioxidant capacity helps regulate people's mood and provide a more substantial pharmacological effect. With this background, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of rutin on reserpine-induced anxiety and depression in rats. The animals were divided into groups of six rats each: normal control (water), a depression model, a rutin-treated rat model, and an amitriptyline-treated rat model. According to the results, 14 days of treatment with rutin, once daily, showed a modest antidepressant effect. This effect was mediated by increased serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine levels in cortical and hippocampal regions. The antioxidant and vasodilator properties of rutin may contribute to its antidepressant properties. According to this study, rutin has shown antidepressant effects by reducing antioxidant activity and acetylcholinesterase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed I Foudah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H Alqarni
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aftab Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sushma Devi
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura 140401, Punjab, India
| | - Mohammad A Salkini
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
| | - Prawez Alam
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 173, Al-Kharj 11942, Saudi Arabia
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Povarnina PY, Volkova AA, Vorontsova ON, Kamensky AA, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB. A Low-Molecular-Weight BDNF Mimetic, Dipeptide GSB-214, Prevents Memory Impairment in Rat Models of Alzheimer's Disease. Acta Naturae 2022; 14:94-100. [PMID: 36694902 PMCID: PMC9844091 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the pharmacological use of full-length neurotrophin is limited, because of its macromolecular protein nature. A dimeric dipeptide mimetic of the BDNF loop 1, bis-(N-monosuccinyl-L-methionyl-L-serine) heptamethylene diamide (GSB-214), was designed at the Zakusov Research Institute of Pharmacology. GSB-214 activates TrkB, PI3K/AKT, and PLC-γ1 in vitro. GSB-214 exhibited a neuroprotective activity during middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats when administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg and improved memory in the novel object recognition test (0.1 and 1.0 mg/kg, i.p.). In the present study, we investigated the effects of GSB-214 on memory in the scopolamine- and steptozotocin-induced AD models, with reference to activation of TrkB receptors. AD was modeled in rats using a chronic i.p. scopolamine injection or a single streptozotocin injection into the cerebral ventricles. GSB-214 was administered within 10 days after the exposure to scopolamine at doses of 0.05, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg (i.p.) or within 14 days after the exposure to streptozotocin at a dose of 0.1 mg/kg (i.p.). The effect of the dipeptide was evaluated in the novel object recognition test; K252A, a selective inhibitor of tyrosine kinase receptors, was used to reveal a dependence between the mnemotropic action and Trk receptors. GSB-214 at doses of 0.05 and 0.1 mg/kg statistically significantly prevented scopolamine-induced long-term memory impairment, while not affecting short-term memory. In the streptozotocin-induced model, GSB-214 completely eliminated the impairment of short-term memory. No mnemotropic effect of GSB-214 was registered when Trk receptors were inhibited by K252A.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. Yu. Povarnina
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - A. A. Volkova
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - O. N. Vorontsova
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - A. A. Kamensky
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Biology, Moscow, 119991 Russia
| | - T. A. Gudasheva
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
| | - S. B. Seredenin
- Research Zakusov Institute of Pharmacology, Moscow, 125315 Russia
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Effects of thymoquinone on scopolamine-induced spatial and echoic memory changes through regulation of lipid peroxidation and cholinergic impairment. Behav Brain Res 2022; 431:113972. [PMID: 35718231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Thymoquinone (TMQ), one of the main components active of Nigella sativa, shows very useful biomedical properties. Evidence suggests that cholinergic dysfunction and oxidative stress play role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, we investigated the anti-amnestic effect of TMQ in scopolamine-induced animal model of AD. Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups; Sham(SH), TMQ-treated(TMQ), scopolamine-treated(SCO) and scopolamine+TMQ-treated(SCO_TMQ) groups. TMQ (20 mg/kg) prepared in corn oil was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.) 1-h before experiments. Scopolamine (1 mg/kg) dissolved in 0.9% physiological saline was administered intraperitoneally (i.p.). We recorded mismatch negativity (MMN) response as an electrophysiological correlate of echoic memory. Object location memory (OLM) and Y-maze alternation tests were carried out to assess spatial memory. Then, the brain homogenates content of thiobarbituric-acid-reactive-substances (TBARS), 4-Hydroxy-2-nonenal (4-HNE) and acetylcholine (ACh)/acetylcholine (AChE) activity were biochemically determined. In the scopolamine-treated rats, TMQ was found to significantly improve the discrimination and spontaneous alteration levels in the OLM and Y-maze tests, respectively. Furthermore, TMQ significantly mitigated the scopolamine-induced attenuation of MMN and related theta responses. Moreover, scopolamine treatment increased TBARS/4-HNE level and decreased ACh level in the brain, and TMQ was able to significantly prevent these effects. AChE activity was increased in the SCO group; this effect was significantly attenuated by TMQ. TMQ diminished the lipid peroxidation and cholinergic dysfunction in the scopolamine-induced AD rat model which all reflected in improving the MMN/theta response and spatial memory. This may implement TMQ as an adjuvant therapeutic strategy in ameliorating AD.
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Vitamin B12 as a Cholinergic System Modulator and Blood Brain Barrier Integrity Restorer in Alzheimer's Disease. Eur J Pharm Sci 2022; 174:106201. [PMID: 35523375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2022.106201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
So far, the cholinergic hypothesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains the fundamental explanation for the complex etiopathology of AD. However, therapeutics raising synaptic acetylcholine (Ach) or having cholinergic receptors agonistic activity had shown limited clinical efficacy, possibly, due to lacking capability to aggregate cholinergic receptors within the degenerated cholinergic neurons. Vitamin-B12 (B12) is an epigenetic modifier. It has a specific CNS transport system via the cubam receptors. The later enclose a cholinergic aggregator; agrin protein, suggesting that B12 administration may cause cholinergic receptors aggregation. Further, B12 involvement in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism may restore blood brain barrier (BBB) integrity disrupted by elevated Hcy levels in AD. Here in, using a pharmacological model of cholinergic amnesia, three different B12 doses were compared to the standard of care; donepezil (DON) regarding cholinergic system modulation, and Hcy metabolic pathways. Further, AD-associated cerebro-vascular pathology was assessed by morphometric analyses of cerebro-vasculature morphology and ultrastructure using scanning and transmission electron-microscopes, respectively. Consequent effect on key AD-hallmarks and behavioral cognitive tests was also examined. The highest B12-tested dose (B12-HD) showed the greatest hippocampal cholinergic modulation with dose-dependent preferential upregulation of one cholinergic receptor over the other. Altered Hcy metabolism was proved to be a consequence of cholinergic disruption that was variably reversed by different B12 doses. In spite of equipotent effect of DON and B12-HD therapies in decreasing β-amyloid synthesis, B12-HD-treated group revealed the greatest restoration of BBB integrity indicating superior capability of β-amyloid clearance. Therefore, B12-HD therapy may represent a promising AD-modifying agent with extra-ability over conventional cholinergic modulators to aggregate cholinergic receptors.
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Wang Y, Zhang JJ, Hou JG, Li X, Liu W, Zhang JT, Zheng SW, Su FY, Li W. Protective Effect of Ginsenosides from Stems and Leaves of Panax ginseng against Scopolamine-Induced Memory Damage via Multiple Molecular Mechanisms. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2022; 50:1113-1131. [PMID: 35475974 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x22500458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although growing evidence has shown that ginsenosides from stems and leaves of Panax ginseng (GSLS) exercise a protective impact on the central nervous system, in the model of memory damage induced by scopolamine, it is still rarely reported. Thus, the mechanism of action needs to be further explored. This study was to investigate the effect of GSLS on scopolamine (SCOP)-induced memory damage and the underlying mechanism. Male ICR mice were treated with SCOP (3 mg/kg) for 7 days, with or without GSLS (75 and 150 mg/kg) treatment for 14 days. After GSLS treatment, the memory damage induced by SCOP was significantly ameliorated as shown by the improvement of cholinergic function (AChE and ChAT), brain tissue hippocampus morphology (H&E staining), and oxidative stress (MDA, GSH, and NO). Meanwhile, immunohistochemical assay suggested that GSLS increased the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Tyrosine Kinase receptor B (TrkB). Further mechanism research indicated that GSLS inhibited the Tau hyperphosphorylation and cell apoptosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT pathway and inhibited neuroinflammation by regulating the NF-κB pathway, thereby exerting a cognitive impairment improvement effect. This work suggested that GSLS could protect against SCOP-induced memory defects possibly through inhibiting oxidative stress, inhibiting neuroinflammation and cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Gang Hou
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Xin Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Jing-Tian Zhang
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Si-Wen Zheng
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Yan Su
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
| | - Wei Li
- College of Chinese Medicinal Materials, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Ginseng Breeding and Development, Changchun 130118, P. R. China
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Salimi A, Sabur M, Dadkhah M, Shabani M. Inhibition of scopolamine-induced memory and mitochondrial impairment by betanin. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23076. [PMID: 35411685 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are identified to contribute to the mechanisms responsible for the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Scopolamine (SCO) as a potent drug for inducing memory and learning impairment is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress. In AD clinical trials molecules with antioxidant properties have shown modest benefit. Betanin as a multifunctional molecule with powerful antioxidative properties may be effective in the treatment of neurodegenerative. Hence, this study was designed to investigate the possible therapeutic effect of betanin against SCO-induced AD on Wistar rats. SCO (1 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally to induce the AD in Wistar rats. The rats were treated with betanin doses (25 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg) intraperitoneally for 9 consecutive days. At the end of the 9th day, the animals were subjected to behavioral examination such as novel object recognition and passive avoidance tests and killed to study the mitochondrial and histological parameters. The results showed attenuation of SCO-induced memory and learning impairment by betanin at 50 mg/kg dose. Also, mitochondrial toxicity parameters such as mitochondrial membrane potential collapse, mitochondrial swelling, decreased activity of succinate dehydrogenase, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production were reversed by betanin (50 mg/kg) compared to the SCO group. In addition, the ameliorative effect of betanin against SCO was demonstrated in histopathological results of hippocampus. The present investigation established that the betanin ameliorates the SCO-induced memory impairments, tissue injuries, and mitochondrial dysfunction by reducing mitochondrial ROS, which may be due to the potent antioxidant action of betanin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salimi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Meysam Sabur
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Masoomeh Dadkhah
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mohammad Shabani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.,Students Research Committee, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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Bhuvanendran S, Paudel YN, Kumari Y, Othman I, Shaikh MF. Embelin prevents amyloid-beta accumulation via modulation of SOD1 in a Streptozotocin-induced AD-like condition: An evidence from in vitro investigation. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2022; 3:100032. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2022.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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Bezafibrate Exerts Neuroprotective Effects in a Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer’s Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15020109. [PMID: 35215222 PMCID: PMC8877080 DOI: 10.3390/ph15020109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Bezafibrate, a pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) agonist, reportedly attenuated tau pathology in a transgenic mouse model of primary tauopathy. Since tau pathology is a neuropathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), bezafibrate may be a potential drug for the treatment of AD. However, no study has investigated its effects in AD models. Thus, we aimed to evaluate whether bezafibrate has neuroprotective effects in a sporadic AD model induced by streptozotocin (STZ) intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection. Rats were administered STZ-ICV (3 mg/kg) followed by bezafibrate (50 mg/kg/day, intraperitoneal) for 4 weeks. Behavior tests and positron emission tomography (PET) were performed to evaluate longitudinal changes in cognitive function, tau pathology, and cerebral glucose metabolism. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to assess neuronal survival and microglial accumulation. STZ-ICV administration induced significant cognitive impairment and substantial neuronal loss, tau pathology, glucose hypometabolism, and microgliosis in the cortex and hippocampus, while bezafibrate effectively attenuated these abnormalities. This study demonstrated that bezafibrate has long-lasting neuroprotective effects in a sporadic AD model. Our data indicate that the neuroprotective effects of bezafibrate might be associated with its ability to ameliorate tau pathology, brain glucose hypometabolism, and neuroinflammation. These findings suggest that bezafibrate is a potential multi-target drug candidate for the treatment of AD.
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Saikia B, Buragohain L, Barua CC, Sarma J, Tamuli SM, Kalita DJ, Barua AG, Barua IC, Elancheran R. Evaluation of anti-amnesic effect of Conyza bonariensis in rats. Indian J Pharmacol 2022; 54:102-109. [PMID: 35546461 PMCID: PMC9249148 DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_201_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conyza bonariensis is an ornamental medicinal weed. This experiment was planned to explore the outcome of petroleum ether extract of C. bonariensis (PECB) leaves on scopolamine-induced amnesia in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS For impairing memory, 0.4 mg/kg (i. p.) of scopolamine was given. Fifty to 200 mg/kg of PECB was fed orally to rats and 3 mg/kg (i. p.) of tacrine was given as a standard drug. Anti-amnesic property was evaluated in Barnes maze using ANY-maze software. Following a behavioral study, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), β-amyloid1-41, antioxidant enzymes, and cytokine levels were measured. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was done for expression of the marker genes such as AChE, Nrf2, NF-κB, PP2A, and HO-1, whereas BDNF, TrkB, caspase-3, and Bax were measured by Western blotting. RESULTS PECB and tacrine significantly improved memory dysfunction by decreasing escape latency in Barnes maze. At the highest dose, treatment with PECB altered the scopolamine-induced hyperactivation of AChE and β-amyloid1-41 activity. PECB elevated the levels of superoxide dismutase, glutathione, and catalase and decreased lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide dose dependently. PECB attenuated scopolamine-induced increase of tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin (IL)-1β concentrations in the hippocampus with reversed diminished IL-10 level toward normal in the brain. Nrf2, HO-1, PP2A, BDNF, and TrkB were significantly upregulated with downregulation of AChE, NF-κB, Tau, Bax, and caspase-3. Different components such as beta-amyrin and alpha-amyrin were isolated from leaves of the plant. CONCLUSION The results indicated that PECB might be a potential curative drug for the treatment of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beenita Saikia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Beenita Saikia, Department of Pharmacology, College of Veterinary Science, Khanapara, Guwahati - 781 022, Assam, India. E-mail:
| | - Lipika Buragohain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Chandana Choudhury Barua
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jadav Sarma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sarojini Mahanta Tamuli
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dhruba Jyoti Kalita
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Acheenta Gohain Barua
- Public Health, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | | | - Ramakrishna Elancheran
- Department of Chemistry, Drug Discovery Lab, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ramachandra VH, Sivanesan S, Koppal A, Anandakumar S, Howell MD, Sukumar E, Vijayaraghavan R. Embelin and levodopa combination therapy for improved Parkinson's disease treatment. Transl Neurosci 2022; 13:145-162. [PMID: 35855085 PMCID: PMC9245559 DOI: 10.1515/tnsci-2022-0224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD), a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, affects dopaminergic neurons. Oxidative stress and gut damage play critical roles in PD pathogenesis. Inhibition of oxidative stress and gut damage can prevent neuronal death and delay PD progression. The objective of this study was to evaluate the therapeutic effect of embelin or the combination with levodopa (LD) in a rotenone-induced PD mouse model. At the end of experimentation, the mice were sacrificed and the midbrain was used to evaluate various biochemical parameters, such as nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, urea, and lipid peroxidation. In the substantia nigra (midbrain), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) expression was examined by immunohistochemistry, and Nurr1 expression was evaluated by western blotting. Gut histopathology was evaluated on tissue sections stained with hematoxylin and eosin. In silico molecular docking studies of embelin and α-synuclein (α-syn) fibrils were also performed. Embelin alone or in combination with LD ameliorated oxidative stress and gut damage. TH and Nurr1 protein levels were also significantly restored. Docking studies confirmed the affinity of embelin toward α-syn. Taken together, embelin could be a promising drug for the treatment of PD, especially when combined with LD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vagdevi Hangarakatte Ramachandra
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Shivamogga 577222, Karnataka, India
| | - Senthilkumar Sivanesan
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Anand Koppal
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Subbaiah Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Shivamogga 577222, Karnataka, India
| | - Shanmugam Anandakumar
- Department of Phytoinformatics, Yukai Care Solutions LLP, Chennai 600011, Tamilnadu, India.,Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Matthew D Howell
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, United States of America
| | - Ethirajan Sukumar
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Rajagopalan Vijayaraghavan
- Department of Research and Development, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamilnadu, India
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Gunasekaran V, Avarachan J, Augustine A, Khayum A, R A. 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid ameliorates acquired, consolidated and recognitive memory deficits through the regulation of hippocampal PPAR γ, MMP9 and MMP2 genes in dementia model. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08523. [PMID: 34926858 PMCID: PMC8646985 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pentacyclic Phytomolecule 3-O-Acetyl-11-keto-β-boswellic acid (AKBA) from Frankincense family has proven for the neuroprotection and recognized as an orphan drug for the treatment of cerebral edema. Nonetheless, AKBA have promising indications with Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) associated to cognitive function not deliberated so far. In order to substantiate the potential role of AKBA on memory function, we examine the contribution of PPARγ activation and its downstream process. Modified method of scopolamine induced dementia rats were treated with AKBA (5, 10&15 mg/kg,i.p) and Donepezil (2.5 mg/kg,i.p). Scopolamine induced short term spatial, working memory and recognition memory impairment was reversed significantly after AKBA treatment. AKBA administration diminished the Acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity and preserved brain GABA and glutamate mediated neuronal excitability. Further, gene expression study reveals AKBA ameliorates the memory impairment via activating PPARγ and its downstream regulators, matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) genes in hippocampus. This study concludes that the treatment with AKBA can be a novel Phyto-molecule of interest for treating dementia via up-regulating hippocampus genes mediated cholinergic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkatesh Gunasekaran
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
- Corresponding author.
| | - Jinu Avarachan
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Anitta Augustine
- Department of Pharmacology, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Abdul Khayum
- Department of Pharmacognosy, KMCH College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Arivukkarasu R
- Department of Pharmacology, PSG College of Pharmacy, Tamil Nadu, India
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Kamdi SP, Badwaik HR, Raval A, Ajazuddin, Nakhate KT. Ameliorative potential of phloridzin in type 2 diabetes-induced memory deficits in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 913:174645. [PMID: 34800467 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes associated oxidative stress and impaired cholinergic neurotransmission causes cognitive deficits. Although phloridzin shows antioxidant- and insulin sensitizing-activities, its ameliorative potential in diabetes-induced memory dysfunction remains unexplored. In the present study, type 2 diabetes (T2D) was induced by streptozotocin (35 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) in rats on ad libitum high-fat diet. Diabetic animals were treated orally with phloridzin (10 and 20 mg/kg) for four weeks. Memory functions were evaluated by passive avoidance test (PAT) and novel object recognition (NOR) test. Brains of rats were subjected to biochemical analysis of glutathione (GSH), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), malonaldehyde (MDA) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Role of cholinergic system in the effects of phloridzin was evaluated by scopolamine pre-treatment in behavioral studies. While diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in step through latency in PAT, and exploration time and discrimination index in NOR test; a substantial increase in all parameters was observed following phloridzin treatment. Phloridzin reversed abnormal levels of GSH, BDNF, MDA and AChE in the brain of diabetic animals. Moreover, in silico molecular docking study revealed that phloridzin acts as a potent agonist at M1 receptor as compared to acetylcholine. Viewed collectively, reversal of T2D-induced memory impairment by phloridzin might be attributed to upregulation of neurotrophic factors, reduced oxidative stress and increased cholinergic signaling in the brain. Therefore, phloridzin may be a promising molecule in the management of cognitive impairment comorbid with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandesh P Kamdi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India.
| | - Hemant R Badwaik
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490024, Chhattisgarh, India
| | - Amit Raval
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Pacific Academy of Higher Education and Research University, Udaipur, 313001, Rajasthan, India
| | - Ajazuddin
- School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, Shirpur, 425405, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kartik T Nakhate
- Rungta College of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research, Bhilai, 490024, Chhattisgarh, India; Department of Pharmacology, Shri Vile Parle Kelavani Mandal's Institute of Pharmacy, Dhule, 424001, Maharashtra, India
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Devi Daimary U, Girisa S, Parama D, Verma E, Kumar A, Kunnumakkara AB. Embelin: A novel XIAP inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2021; 36:e22950. [PMID: 34842329 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic diseases are a serious health concern worldwide, especially in the elderly population. Most chronic diseases like cancer, cardiovascular ailments, neurodegenerative disorders, and autoimmune diseases are caused due to the abnormal functioning of multiple signaling pathways that give rise to critical anomalies in the body. Although a lot of advanced therapies are available, these have failed to entirely cure the disease due to their less efficacy. Apart from this, they have been shown to manifest disturbing side effects which hamper the patient's quality of life to the extreme. Since the last few decades, extensive studies have been done on natural herbs due to their excellent medicinal benefits. Components present in natural herbs target multiple signaling pathways involved in diseases and therefore hold high potential in the prevention and treatment of various chronic diseases. Embelin, a benzoquinone, is one such agent isolated from Embelia ribes, which has shown excellent biological activities toward several chronic ailments by upregulating a number of antioxidant enzymes (e.g., SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), inhibiting anti-apoptotic genes (e.g., TRAIL, XIAP, survivin, etc.), modulating transcription factors (e.g., NF-κB, STAT3, etc.) blocking inflammatory biomarkers (e.g., NO, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, etc.), monitoring cell cycle synchronizing genes (e.g., p53, cyclins, CDKs, etc.), and so forth. Several preclinical studies have confirmed its excellent therapeutic activities against malicious diseases like cancer, obesity, heart diseases, Alzheimer's, and so forth. This review presents an overview of embelin, its therapeutic prospective, and the molecular targets in different chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Dey Parama
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Elika Verma
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Indian Institute of Technology (IIT) Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
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Yang Z, Zhou DD, Huang SY, Fang AP, Li HB, Zhu HL. Effects and mechanisms of natural products on Alzheimer's disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021:1-21. [PMID: 34613845 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1985428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia in elderly people with a high incidence rate and complicated pathogenesis, and causes progressive cognitive deficit and memory impairment. Some natural products and bioactive compounds from natural sources show great potential in the prevention and treatment of AD, such as apple, blueberries, grapes, chili pepper, Monsonia angustifolia, cruciferous vegetables, Herba epimedii, Angelica tenuissima, Embelia ribes, sea cucumber, Cucumaria frondosa, green tea, Puer tea, Amanita caesarea and Inonotus obliquus, via reducing amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition, decreasing Tau hyperphosphorylation, regulating cholinergic system, reducing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis and ameliorating inflammation. This review mainly summarizes the effects of some natural products and their bioactive compounds on AD with the potential molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Si-Yu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Ping Fang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua-Bin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Lian Zhu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mandour DA, Bendary MA, Alsemeh AE. Histological and imunohistochemical alterations of hippocampus and prefrontal cortex in a rat model of Alzheimer like-disease with a preferential role of the flavonoid "hesperidin". J Mol Histol 2021; 52:1043-1065. [PMID: 34170456 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-021-09998-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic age-related neurodegenerative disease characterized by degeneration of the central cholinergic neurons, inflammation and oxidative stress in the basal forebrain, prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Hesperidin (Hesp) is one of the flavonoids havinganti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative properties in some neurodegerative brain lesions. To investigate the possible neuroprotective role of Hespin an AD-like rat model induced experimentally by Scopolamine (Scop). Forty adult male Sprague Dawley rats were randomly allocated into four groups. Group I-(Control), group II-(Hesp) (supplemented orally with 100 mg/kg Hesp for 28 days), group III-(AD) (injected i.p with 1 mg/kg Scop for 9 days) and group IV-(Hesp/AD). At the end of the experiment, behavioral (Y-maze test) and biochemical analysis were carried out along with histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric studies of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex. AD rats displayed memory impairment in the behavioural paradigm with a concomitant increase of serum TNF-α and IL-1β, while IL-10 decreased significantly. Also, there was a rise of amyloid beta-42 (Aβ-42), acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) together with a decrease of reduced glutathione (GSH) in hippocampal and prefrontal homogenate. In addition, sections of the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex revealed obvious histopathological changes, overexpression of p-Tau protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) with a decrease in the expression of synaptophysin (SYN). Contradictorily, pre-treatment with Hesp offset the spatial memory deficits, redox imbalance, Aβ-42 and AChE over activity as well as preserved the histological architecture and attenuated the raised p-Tau protein and GFAP while upregulated SYN immuoreactivity of AD rats. Collectively, our results highlight the potential mitigating role of Hesp in AD-like state in rats and this may presumably raise the possibility of its future implementation as a prophylactic remedy against AD in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia A Mandour
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - M A Bendary
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Menoufia University, Shebeen El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Amira E Alsemeh
- Department of Human Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt.
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El Gizawy HA, Abo-Salem HM, Ali AA, Hussein MA. Phenolic Profiling and Therapeutic Potential of Certain Isolated Compounds from Parkia roxburghii against AChE Activity as well as GABA A α5, GSK-3β, and p38α MAP-Kinase Genes. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:20492-20511. [PMID: 34395996 PMCID: PMC8359133 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c02340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Parkia roxburghii belongs to the family Mimosaceae; it has been used since ancient times as a cure for different health complications; such as inflammatory and gynecological diseases and hemiplegia. In this investigation, a reversed-phase-high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) profile was carried out for P. roxburghii; also, the isolated bioactive compounds including quercetin, catechin, and biochaninA were individually and/or in combination investigated for their inhibitory effects on scopolamine-induced memory impairments in mice, implying that they have the ability to reduce the neurodegenerative effects of scopolamine and thus could be employed as a more effective therapeutic agent in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in humans. The possible interactions of Parkia flavonoids with acetylcholinesterase (AChE), γ-aminobutyric acid A receptor, alpha5 (GABAA α5), glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38MAP-kinase), signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and protein-serine/threonine kinase (Akt) were then determined using molecular docking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba A. El Gizawy
- Pharmacognosy
Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October
6 University, 12585 6th of October City, Egypt
| | - Heba M. Abo-Salem
- Chemistry
and Natural Compounds Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries
Research Division, National Research Center, Dokki, 12585 Giza, Egypt
| | - Ali A. Ali
- Postgraduate
Studies, October 6 University, 12585 Sixth of
October City, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A. Hussein
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, October 6 University, 12585 Sixth of October City, Egypt
- . Tel: 0020124832580
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Scrophularia buergeriana Extract (Brainon) Improves Scopolamine-Induced Neuronal Impairment and Cholinergic Dysfunction in Mice through CREB-BDNF Signaling Pathway. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11094286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
We evaluated the effectiveness of Scrophularia buergeriana extract (Brainon) on cognitive dysfunction and determined its underlying mechanisms in a scopolamine (SCO)-treated mouse model of memory impairment. Brainon treatment for 28 days ameliorated the symptoms of memory impairment as indicated by the results of both passive avoidance performance and the Morris water mazes. Brainon lowered acetylcholinesterase activity and raised acetylcholine levels in the hippocampus. The treatment elevated the protein levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding (CREB). Additionally, the excessive generation of SCO-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent oxidative stress were suppressed by the enhancement of superoxide dismutase (SOD)-1 and SOD-2 proteins. mRNA levels of upregulated interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, as well as the apoptotic protein Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax), cleaved caspase-9, and cleaved poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase (PARP) expression after SCO injection were downregulated by Brainon treatment. Collectively, these findings suggested that Brainon possesses anti-amnesic effects through the CREB-BDNF pathway. Moreover, it exerted antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptotic effects in SCO-induced mice exhibiting cognitive impairment and memory loss.
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Khurana K, Kumar M, Bansal N. Lacidipine Prevents Scopolamine-Induced Memory Impairment by Reducing Brain Oxido-nitrosative Stress in Mice. Neurotox Res 2021; 39:1087-1102. [PMID: 33721210 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-021-00346-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic deficits and oxido-nitrosative stress are consistently associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous findings indicate that acetylcholine subdues Ca2+ current in the brain. Cholinergic antagonists (e.g., scopolamine) can instigate Ca2+-induced redox imbalance, inflammation, and cell-death pathways leading to AD-type memory impairment. Earlier, several Ca2+-channel blockers (CCB, e.g., dihydropyridine type) or cholinergic enhancers showed promising results in animal models of AD. In the present research, pretreatment effects of lacidipine (L-type CCB) on learning and memory functions were investigated using the scopolamine mouse model of AD. Swiss albino mice (20-25 g) were administered lacidipine (1 and 3 mg/kg) for 14 days. Scopolamine, an anti-muscarinic drug, was given (1 mg/kg) from days 8 to 14. The mice were subjected to elevated plus maze (EPM) and passive-avoidance (PA) paradigms. Bay-K8644 (a Ca2+-channel agonist) was administered before behavioral studies on days 13 and 14. Biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity were quantified using the whole brain. Behavioral studies showed an increase in transfer latency (TL) in the EPM test and a decrease in step-through latency (STL) in the PA test in scopolamine-administered mice. Scopolamine enhanced the AChE activity and oxidative stress in the brain of mice which resulted in memory impairment. Lacidipine prevented the amnesia against scopolamine and reduced the oxidative stress and AChE activity in the brain of mice. Bay-K8644 attenuated the lacidipine-induced improvement in memory and redox balance in scopolamine-administered mice. Lacidipine can prevent the oxidative stress and improve the cholinergic function in the brain. These properties of lacidipine can mitigate the pathogenesis of AD-type dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunal Khurana
- I.K. Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, 144603, India.,Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajeet Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, 140111, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajeet Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, 140111, India.,Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, 140111, India
| | - Nitin Bansal
- Department of Pharmacology, Amar Shaheed Baba Ajeet Singh Jujhar Singh Memorial College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, 140111, India. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chaudhary Bansi Lal University (CBLU), Bhiwani, Haryana, 127021, India.
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Abuelezz SA, Hendawy N. HMGB1/RAGE/TLR4 axis and glutamate as novel targets for PCSK9 inhibitor in high fat cholesterol diet induced cognitive impairment and amyloidosis. Life Sci 2021; 273:119310. [PMID: 33667517 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading health problem in which increased amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation may occur due to abnormal Aβ precursor protein processing by β-secretase 1 (BACE1) enzyme. Lately, neuro-inflammation was recognized as a significant contributor to its pathogenesis. Although the causes of AD are not yet well understood, much evidence has suggested that dyslipidemia has harmful effects on cognitive function and is inextricably involved in AD pathogenesis. Cholesterol is a vital molecule involved in neuronal development. Alteration in neuronal cholesterol levels affects Aβ metabolism and results in neurodegeneration. Proprotein-convertase-subtilisin/kexin type-9 (PCSK9) was found to decrease neuronal cholesterol uptake by degradation of LDL-receptor related protein 1 (LRP-1) responsible for neuronal cholesterol uptake. Accordingly, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of PCSK9-inhibition by alirocumab (Aliro) in high-fat-cholesterol-diet (HFCD)-induced-AD-like condition. MAIN METHODS Wistar Rats were divided into six groups; control; HFCD; HFCD and Memantine; HFCD and Aliro (4, 8 and 16 mg/kg/week) to test for ability of Aliro to modulate cognitive impairment, amyloidosis, brain cholesterol homeostasis and neuro-inflammation in HFCD-induced-AD-like condition. KEY FINDINGS Our results demonstrated an association between PCSK9 inhibition by Aliro and amelioration of cognitive deficit, cholesterol hemostasis and reduction of neuro-inflammation. Aliro was able to alleviate hippocampal LRP-1expression levels and reduce brain cholesterol, hippocampal BACE1, Aβ42, high-mobility-group-box-1 protein, receptor for advanced-glycation-end-products and toll like receptor-4 with subsequent decrease of different inflammatory mediators as nuclear-factor-kappa-B (NF-κB), tumor-necrosis-factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β) and IL-6. SIGNIFICANCE PCSK9-inhibition may represent a new therapeutic target in AD especially for HFCD-induced-AD-like condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally A Abuelezz
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Nevien Hendawy
- Clinical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Biradar P, Patil V, Joshi H, Khanal P, Mallapur S. Experimental validation and network pharmacology evaluation to decipher the mechanism of action of Erythrina variegata L. bark against scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats. ADVANCES IN TRADITIONAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s13596-020-00524-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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49
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Fakhri S, Pesce M, Patruno A, Moradi SZ, Iranpanah A, Farzaei MH, Sobarzo-Sánchez E. Attenuation of Nrf2/Keap1/ARE in Alzheimer's Disease by Plant Secondary Metabolites: A Mechanistic Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25214926. [PMID: 33114450 PMCID: PMC7663041 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25214926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neuronal/cognitional dysfunction, leading to disability and death. Despite advances in revealing the pathophysiological mechanisms behind AD, no effective treatment has yet been provided. It urges the need for finding novel multi-target agents in combating the complex dysregulated mechanisms in AD. Amongst the dysregulated pathophysiological pathways in AD, oxidative stress seems to play a critical role in the pathogenesis progression of AD, with a dominant role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/Kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1)/antioxidant responsive elements (ARE) pathway. In the present study, a comprehensive review was conducted using the existing electronic databases, including PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, as well as related articles in the field. Nrf2/Keap1/ARE has shown to be the upstream orchestrate of oxidative pathways, which also ameliorates various inflammatory and apoptotic pathways. So, developing multi-target agents with higher efficacy and lower side effects could pave the road in the prevention/management of AD. The plant kingdom is now a great source of natural secondary metabolites in targeting Nrf2/Keap1/ARE. Among natural entities, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, terpene/terpenoids, carotenoids, sulfur-compounds, as well as some other miscellaneous plant-derived compounds have shown promising future accordingly. Prevailing evidence has shown that activating Nrf2/ARE and downstream antioxidant enzymes, as well as inhibiting Keap1 could play hopeful roles in overcoming AD. The current review highlights the neuroprotective effects of plant secondary metabolites through targeting Nrf2/Keap1/ARE and downstream interconnected mediators in combating AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajad Fakhri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
| | - Mirko Pesce
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio CH-PE, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Antonia Patruno
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, University G. d’Annunzio CH-PE, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Seyed Zachariah Moradi
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
- Medical Biology Research Center, Health Technology Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Amin Iranpanah
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6714415153, Iran;
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran; (S.F.); (S.Z.M.)
- Correspondence: (A.P.); (M.H.F.)
| | - Eduardo Sobarzo-Sánchez
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago 8330507, Chile
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Huang L, Wan Y, Dang Z, Yang P, Yang Q, Wu S. Hypoxic preconditioning ameliorated neuronal injury after middle cerebral artery occlusion by promoting neurogenesis. Brain Behav 2020; 10:e01804. [PMID: 32841552 PMCID: PMC7559635 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.1804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Sequelae of stroke were mainly caused by neuronal injury. Oxygen is a key factor affecting the microenvironment of neural stem cells (NSCs), and oxygen levels are used to promote NSC neurogenesis. In this study, effects of intermittent hypoxic preconditioning (HPC) on neurogenesis were investigated in a rat model of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO). METHODS SD rats were used to establish the MCAO model. Nissl staining and Golgi staining were used to confirm the neuronal injury status in the MCAO model. Immunofluorescence, transmission electron microscopy, Western blot, and qPCR were used to observe the effects of HPC on neurogenesis. At the same time, the hypothesis that HPC could affect proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, and migration of NSC was verified in vitro. RESULTS Hypoxic preconditioning significantly ameliorated the neuronal injury induced by MCAO. Compared with MCAO group, the dendrites, Edu+ /SOX2+ , Edu+ /DCX+ , Edu+ /NeuN+ , Edu+ /GFAP+ , and Edu+ /Tubulin+ positive cells in the HPC + MCAO group exhibited significantly difference. Similarly, axonal and other neuronal injuries in the HPC + MCAO group were also ameliorated. In the in vitro experiments, mild HPC significantly enhanced the viability of NSCs, promoted the migration of differentiated cells, and reduced apoptosis. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that HPC significantly promotes neurogenesis after MCAO and ameliorates neuronal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Huang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China.,Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province (Qinghai-Utah Joint Research Key Lab for High Altitude Medicine), Xining, China.,Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Yaqi Wan
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Zhancui Dang
- Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Quanyu Yang
- Qinghai University Medical College, Xining, China
| | - Shizheng Wu
- Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
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