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Gonçalves A, Mendes A, Damásio J, Vila-Chã N, Boleixa D, Leal B, Cavaco S. DRD3 Predicts Cognitive Impairment and Anxiety in Parkinson's Disease: Susceptibility and Protective Effects. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:313-324. [PMID: 38363619 PMCID: PMC10977366 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Background A possible genetic contribution of dopamine D3 receptor (DRD3) to cognitive impairment in Parkinson's disease (PD) has yet to be investigated. Objective To explore the effects of rs6280 (Ser9Gly) genotype on PD patients' cognitive performance and to clarify possible interactions with psychopathology. Methods Two hundred and fifty-three consecutive PD patients underwent neurological and neuropsychological evaluations, which included: Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS), Hoehn & Yahr scale (H&Y), Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS-2), and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). rs6280 polymorphism was genotyped for all PD patients and for 270 ethnically matched healthy volunteers (HC). Non-parametric group comparisons and logistic regressions were used for data analyses. Results rs6280 genotype did not differ between PD and HC groups. PD patients with rs6280 CC genotype had more impaired cognitive performance (i.e., <1st percentile of demographically adjusted norms) on DRS-2 subscales Initiation/Perseveration and Construction than those with TT genotype. These associations remained statistically significant when other covariates (e.g., demographic features, disease duration, severity of motor symptoms in OFF and ON states, anti-parkinsonian medication, and psychopathology symptoms) were taken into consideration. PD patients with rs6280 TC had less anxiety (i.e., HADS Anxiety≥11) than those with TT (p = 0.012). This association was also independent of other covariates. Conclusions Study findings suggest that rs6280 CC genotype predisposes to executive dysfunction and visuoconstructional deficits, whereas the heterozygous genotype protects from anxiety in PD. These effects do not appear to be dependent of one another. rs6280 is not a genotypic susceptibility factor for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gonçalves
- Neuropsychology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alexandre Mendes
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR – Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Damásio
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Vila-Chã
- Neurology Department, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR – Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Boleixa
- Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bárbara Leal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR – Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular, Immunogenetics Laboratory, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Cavaco
- Neuropsychology Service, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de Santo António, Porto, Portugal
- Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR – Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
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Sist P, Tramer F, Bandiera A, Urbani R, Redenšek Trampuž S, Dolžan V, Passamonti S. Nanoscale Bilirubin Analysis in Translational Research and Precision Medicine by the Recombinant Protein HUG. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16289. [PMID: 38003479 PMCID: PMC10671013 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Bilirubin is a toxicological biomarker for hemolysis and liver diseases. The current automated diazo method used in clinical chemistry has limited applicability in rodent models and cannot be used in small animals relevant to toxicology, microphysiological systems, cell cultures, and kinetic studies. Here, we present a versatile fluorometric method for nanoscale analysis of bilirubin based on its highly specific binding to the recombinant bifunctional protein HELP-UnaG (HUG). The assay is sensitive (LoQ = 1.1 nM), accurate (4.5% relative standard error), and remarkably robust, allowing analysis at pH 7.4-9.5, T = 25-37 °C, in various buffers, and in the presence of 0.4-4 mg × L-1 serum albumin or 30% DMSO. It allows repeated measurements of bilirubinemia in murine models and small animals, fostering the 3Rs principle. The assay determines bilirubin in human plasma with a relative standard error of 6.7% at values that correlate and agree with the standard diazo method. Furthermore, it detects differences in human bilirubinemia related to sex and UGT1A1 polymorphisms, thus demonstrating its suitability for the uniform assessment of bilirubin at the nanoscale in translational and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Sist
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Federica Tramer
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Antonella Bandiera
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
| | - Ranieri Urbani
- Department of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Sara Redenšek Trampuž
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.R.T.); (V.D.)
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (S.R.T.); (V.D.)
| | - Sabina Passamonti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, Via Giorgieri 1, 34127 Trieste, Italy; (P.S.); (F.T.); (A.B.)
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Bhusal CK, Uti DE, Mukherjee D, Alqahtani T, Alqahtani S, Bhattacharya A, Akash S. Unveiling Nature's potential: Promising natural compounds in Parkinson's disease management. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2023; 115:105799. [PMID: 37633805 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2023.105799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/28/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Although the exact etiology of PD remains elusive, growing evidence suggests a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors in its development. Despite advances in pharmacological interventions, current treatments primarily focus on managing symptoms rather than altering the disease's underlying course. In recent years, natural phytocompounds have emerged as a promising avenue for PD management. Phytochemicals derived from plants, such as phenolic acids, flavones, phenols, flavonoids, polyphenols, saponins, terpenes, alkaloids, and amino acids, have been extensively studied for their potential neuroprotective effects. These bioactive compounds possess a wide range of therapeutic properties, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-aggregation activities, which may counteract the neurodegenerative processes in PD. This comprehensive review delves into the pathophysiology of PD, with a specific focus on the roles of oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and protein malfunction in disease pathogenesis. The review collates a wealth of evidence from preclinical studies and in vitro experiments, highlighting the potential of various phytochemicals in attenuating dopaminergic neuron degeneration, reducing α-synuclein aggregation, and modulating neuroinflammatory responses. Prominent among the natural compounds studied are curcumin, resveratrol, coenzyme Q10, and omega-3 fatty acids, which have demonstrated neuroprotective effects in experimental models of PD. Additionally, flavonoids like baicalein, luteolin, quercetin, and nobiletin, and alkaloids such as berberine and physostigmine, show promise in mitigating PD-associated pathologies. This review emphasizes the need for further research through controlled clinical trials to establish the safety and efficacy of these natural compounds in PD management. Although preclinical evidence is compelling, the translation of these findings into effective therapies for PD necessitates robust clinical investigation. Rigorous evaluation of pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and potential drug interactions is imperative to pave the way for evidence-based treatment strategies. With the rising interest in natural alternatives and the potential for synergistic effects with conventional therapies, this review serves as a comprehensive resource for pharmaceutical industries, researchers, and clinicians seeking novel therapeutic approaches to combat PD. Harnessing the therapeutic potential of these natural phytocompounds may hold the key to improving the quality of life for PD patients and moving towards disease-modifying therapies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Kanta Bhusal
- Post Graduate Institute of Medical and Research, Madhya Marg, Sector 12, Chandigarh, 160012, India.
| | - Daniel Ejim Uti
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo, Benue State, Nigeria.
| | - Dattatreya Mukherjee
- Raiganj Government Medical College and Hospital, Uttar Dinajpur, West Bengal, India.
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Saud Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Arghya Bhattacharya
- Department of Pharmacology, Calcutta Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology and Allied Health Science, Uluberia, Howrah, 711316, India.
| | - Shopnil Akash
- Faculty of Allied Health Science, Department of Pharmacy, Daffodil International University, Daffodil Smart City, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka, 1207, Bangladesh.
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Tan Z, Lin Y, Zhou M, Guo W, Qiu J, Ding L, Wu Z, Xu P, Chen X. Correlation of SV2C rs1423099 single nucleotide polymorphism with sporadic Parkinson's disease in Han population in Southern China. Neurosci Lett 2023; 813:137426. [PMID: 37544580 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) has been implicated in synaptic function throughout the brain. Accumulating evidence investigated that SV2C contributed to dopamine release and the disrupted expression of SV2C was considered to be a unique feature of PD that may facilitate dopaminergic neuron dysfunction. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine the relationship between the SV2C rs1423099 single nucleotide polymorphism and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) in the Chinese Han population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study enrolled 351 patients with sporadic PD and 240 normal controls in Chinese Han population. Peripheral blood DNA was extracted by DNA extraction kits and the rs1423099 genotype was analyzed by Agena MassARRAY DNA mass spectrometry. The differences in genotype and allele distribution frequencies between PD patients and control groups were compared using chi-squared tests or Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS No statistical difference was revealed in age and sex distribution between the cases and control groups, and the distribution of genotype and allele frequencies was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test. In SV2C rs1423099 dominant model, the frequency of the CC/CT genotype was significantly higher in the PD group compared to the control group (OR = 4.065,95% CI: 2.801-10.870, p = 0.002). Nevertheless, in the recessive model, CC or CT/TT genotypes have no statistical difference in the two groups (p = 0.09). Additionally, in allelic analysis, the C allele was investigated to increase the risk of PD (OR = 1.346, 95% CI: 1.036-1.745, p = 0.026); Furthermore, subgroup analysis suggested that those carrying the C allele in the male subgroup were at a higher risk to afflicted with PD (OR = 1.637, 95% CI: 1.147-2.336, p = 0.006). CONCLUSION SV2C rs1423099 single nucleotide polymorphism was associated with sporadic Parkinson's disease in the Chinese Han population, particularly in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Yuwan Lin
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhou
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200940, China
| | - Wenyuan Guo
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Jiewen Qiu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Liuyan Ding
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Zhuohua Wu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Pingyi Xu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China.
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Ayuso P, Jiménez-Jiménez FJ, Gómez-Tabales J, Alonso-Navarro H, García-Martín E, Agúndez JAG. An update on the pharmacogenetic considerations when prescribing dopamine receptor agonists for Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2023; 19:447-460. [PMID: 37599424 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2023.2249404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Parkinson's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative multisystemic disorder that affects approximately 2% of the population over 65 years old. This disorder is characterized by motor symptoms which are frequently accompanied by non-motor symptoms such as cognitive disorders. Current drug therapies aim to reduce the symptoms and increase the patient's life expectancy. Nevertheless, there is heterogeneity in therapy response in terms of efficacy and adverse effects. This wide range in response may be linked to genetic variability. Thus, it has been suggested that pharmacogenomics may help to tailor and personalize drug therapy for Parkinson's disease. AREAS COVERED This review describes and updates the clinical impact of genetic factors associated with the efficacy and adverse drug reactions related to common medications used to treat Parkinson's disease. Additionally, we highlight current informative recommendations for the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. EXPERT OPINION The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles of Parkinson's disease drugs do not favor the development of pharmacogenetic tests with a high probability of success. The chances of obtaining ground-breaking pharmacogenetics biomarkers for Parkinson's disease therapy are limited. Nevertheless, additional information on the metabolism of certain drugs, and an analysis of the potential of pharmacogenetics in novel drugs could be of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ayuso
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Javier Gómez-Tabales
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | | | - Elena García-Martín
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
| | - José A G Agúndez
- Universidad de Extremadura, University Institute of Molecular Pathology Biomarkers, Cáceres, Spain
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Yan JH, Ge YL, Wang PZ, Li W, Jin H, Zhang JR, Chen J, Wang F, Li D, Mao CJ, Li K, Liu CF. Associations between variants in levodopa metabolic pathway genes and levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease. Neurosci Lett 2023; 801:137140. [PMID: 36813078 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2023.137140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a common motor complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). Several genes in the levodopa metabolic pathway, such as COMT, DRDx and MAO-B, were reported associated with LID. However, there has been no systematic analyses between common variants in levodopa metabolic pathway genes and LID in a large sample of the Chinese population. METHODS Through the whole exome sequencing (WES) and target region sequencing, we aimed to explore the potential associations between common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the levodopa metabolic pathway and LID in Chinese PD individuals. Five hundred and two PD individuals were enrolled in our study, among them, 348 individuals underwent WES, and 154 individuals underwent target region sequencing. We acquired the genetic profile of 11 genes including COMT, DDC, DRD1-5, SLC6A3, TH and MAO-A/B. We established a stepwise strategy to filter SNPs, which finally included 34 SNPs in our analyses. And we used a two-stage study, with discovery (348 individuals with WES) and the replication (all 502 individuals) to confirm our findings. RESULTS Among the 502 PD individuals, 104 (20.7%) were diagnosed with LID. In the discovery stage, we found that COMT rs6269, DRD2 rs6275 and DRD2 rs1076560 were associated with LID. In the replication stage, associations between the three above-mentioned SNPs and LID were still present in all 502 individuals. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that in the Chinese population, COMT rs6269, DRD2 rs6275 and rs1076560 were significantly associated with LID. And rs6275 was reported associated with LID for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Hui Yan
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Lun Ge
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Pu-Zhi Wang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hong Jin
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jin-Ru Zhang
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Fen Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Cheng-Jie Mao
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kai Li
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Chun-Feng Liu
- Department of Neurology and Suzhou Clinical Research Center of Neurological Disease, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neuropsychiatric Diseases and Institute of Neuroscience, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, Suqian First People's Hospital, Suqian, Jiangsu, China; Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China.
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Tseng FS, Foo JQX, Mai AS, Tan EK. The genetic basis of multiple system atrophy. J Transl Med 2023; 21:104. [PMID: 36765380 PMCID: PMC9912584 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-03905-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is a heterogenous, uniformly fatal neurodegenerative ɑ-synucleinopathy. Patients present with varying degrees of dysautonomia, parkinsonism, cerebellar dysfunction, and corticospinal degeneration. The underlying pathophysiology is postulated to arise from aberrant ɑ-synuclein deposition, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Although MSA is regarded as a primarily sporadic disease, there is a possible genetic component that is poorly understood. This review summarizes current literature on genetic risk factors and potential pathogenic genes and loci linked to both sporadic and familial MSA, and underlines the biological mechanisms that support the role of genetics in MSA. We discuss a broad range of genes that have been associated with MSA including genes related to Parkinson's disease (PD), oxidative stress, inflammation, and tandem gene repeat expansions, among several others. Furthermore, we highlight various genetic polymorphisms that modulate MSA risk, including complex gene-gene and gene-environment interactions, which influence the disease phenotype and have clinical significance in both presentation and prognosis. Deciphering the exact mechanism of how MSA can result from genetic aberrations in both experimental and clinical models will facilitate the identification of novel pathophysiologic clues, and pave the way for translational research into the development of disease-modifying therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Shuen Tseng
- grid.163555.10000 0000 9486 5048Division of Medicine, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joel Qi Xuan Foo
- grid.276809.20000 0004 0636 696XDepartment of Neurosurgery, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Aaron Shengting Mai
- grid.4280.e0000 0001 2180 6431Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eng-King Tan
- Department of Neurology, National Neuroscience Institute, Singapore, 169856, Singapore. .,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore.
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Liu JS, Chen Y, Shi DD, Zhang BR, Pu JL. Pharmacogenomics-a New Frontier for Individualized Treatment of Parkinson's Disease. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:536-546. [PMID: 36582064 PMCID: PMC10207905 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666221229154830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with a significant public health burden. It is characterized by the gradual degeneration of dopamine neurons in the central nervous system. Although symptomatic pharmacological management remains the primary therapeutic method for PD, clinical experience reveals significant inter-individual heterogeneity in treatment effectiveness and adverse medication responses. The mechanisms behind the observed interindividual variability may be elucidated by investigating the role of genetic variation in human-to-human variances in medication responses and adverse effects. OBJECTIVE This review aims to explore the impact of gene polymorphism on the efficacy of antiparkinsonian drugs. The identification of factors associated with treatment effectiveness variability might assist the creation of a more tailored pharmacological therapy with higher efficacy, fewer side outcomes, and cheaper costs. METHODS In this review, we conducted a thorough search in databases such as PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, and critically examined current discoveries on Parkinson's disease pharmacogenetics. The ethnicity of the individuals, research methodologies, and potential bias of these studies were thoroughly compared, with the primary focus on consistent conclusions. RESULTS This review provides a summary of the existing data on PD pharmacogenetics, identifies its limitations, and offers insights that may be beneficial for future research. Previous studies have investigated the impact of gene polymorphism on the effectiveness and adverse effects of levodopa. The trendiest genes are the COMT gene, DAT gene, and DRD2 gene. However, limited study on other anti-Parkinson's drugs has been conducted. CONCLUSION Therefore, In order to develop an individualized precision treatment for PD, it is an inevitable trend to carry out multi-center, prospective, randomized controlled clinical trials of PD pharmacogenomics covering common clinical anti-PD drugs in large, homogeneous cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Si Liu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dan-Dan Shi
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bao-Rong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jia-Li Pu
- Department of Neurology, Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
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Li D, Liang J, Guo W, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang W. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data for the diagnosis and underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:971528. [PMID: 36062142 PMCID: PMC9434001 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.971528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of disability in the daily activities. In the management of PD, accurate and specific biomarkers in blood for the early diagnosis of PD are urgently needed. DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms and associated with the gene expression and disease initiation of PD. We aimed to construct a methylation signature for the diagnosis of PD patients, and explore the potential value of DNA methylation in therapeutic options.Materials and methodsWhole blood DNA methylation and gene expression data of PD patients as well as healthy controls were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between PD patients and healthy controls were identified. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cox regression analysis was carried out to construct a diagnostic signature based on the overlapped genes. And, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the signature in both the training and testing datasets. Finally, gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis were subsequently carried out to explore the underlying mechanisms.ResultsWe obtained a total of 9,596 DMGs, 1,058 DEGs, and 237 overlapped genes in the whole blood between PD patients and healthy controls. Eight methylation-driven genes (HIST1H4L, CDC42EP3, KIT, GNLY, SLC22A1, GCM1, INO80B, and ARHGAP26) were identified to construct the gene expression signature. The AUCs in predicting PD patients were 0.84 and 0.76 in training dataset and testing dataset, respectively. Additionally, eight methylation-altered CpGs were also identified to construct the CpGs signature which showed a similarly robust diagnostic capability, with AUCs of 0.8 and 0.73 in training dataset and testing dataset, respectively.ConclusionWe conducted an integrated analysis of the gene expression and DNA methylation data, and constructed a methylation-driven genes signature and a methylation-altered CpGs signature to distinguish the patients with PD from healthy controls. Both of them had a robust prediction power and provide a new insight into personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongna Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhou Zhang,
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Xuan Wu,
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10
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Yan M, Jin H, Pan C, Hang H, Li D, Han X. Movement Disorder and Neurotoxicity Induced by Chronic Exposure to Microcystin-LR in Mice. Mol Neurobiol 2022; 59:5516-5531. [PMID: 35732866 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-022-02919-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins are produced by some species of cyanobacteria, which are hazardous materials to the environment and human beings. It has been demonstrated that microcystin-LR (MC-LR) could disrupt the blood-brain barrier and cause learning and memory deficits, but the neurotoxicity of MC-LR on motor function remains unclear. In this study, the mice were exposed to MC-LR dissolved in drinking water at doses of 1, 7.5, or 15 μg/L for 15 months. We observed that 15 μg/L MC-LR could enter mouse brain tissues such as the cortex, hippocampus, and substantia nigra (SN). And 15 μg/L MC-LR also caused hypokinesia in mice and induced the loss and apoptosis of SN dopaminergic neurons (DA neurons). Meanwhile, MC-LR induced the accumulation of alpha synuclein (α-syn) in DA neurons and decreased the proteins of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), dopa decarboxylase (DDC) and dopamine transporter (DAT), resulting in a reduction in dopamine (DA) content, which are pathological features of Parkinson's disease (PD). These results suggested that chronic MC-LR might induce PD-like lesions in mice. Moreover, chronic MC-LR exposure caused the inflammatory response in the SN, manifested by the increased numbers of glial cells and the release of inflammatory factors (TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL-6). In vitro, it was proved that MC-LR mediated SH-SY5Y cell apoptosis by activating oxidative stress and damaging mitochondria. Collectively, this study revealed a novel molecular mechanism for MC-LR neurotoxicity with significant implications for human health and the public environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghao Yan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haibo Jin
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chun Pan
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hexing Hang
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Zhongshan Road 321, Jiangsu Province, 210008, China
| | - Dongmei Li
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Immunology and Reproduction Biology Laboratory & State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China. .,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, Jiangsu, China.
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11
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Angelopoulou E, Bougea A, Papageorgiou SG, Villa C. Psychosis in Parkinson's Disease: A Lesson from Genetics. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13061099. [PMID: 35741861 PMCID: PMC9222985 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychosis in Parkinson's disease (PDP) represents a common and debilitating condition that complicates Parkinson's disease (PD), mainly in the later stages. The spectrum of psychotic symptoms are heterogeneous, ranging from minor phenomena of mild illusions, passage hallucinations and sense of presence to severe psychosis consisting of visual hallucinations (and rarely, auditory and tactile or gustatory) and paranoid delusions. PDP is associated with increased caregiver stress, poorer quality of life for patients and carers, reduced survival and risk of institutionalization with a significant burden on the healthcare system. Although several risk factors for PDP development have been identified, such as aging, sleep disturbances, long history of PD, cognitive impairment, depression and visual disorders, the pathophysiology of psychosis in PD is complex and still insufficiently clarified. Additionally, several drugs used to treat PD can aggravate or even precipitate PDP. Herein, we reviewed and critically analyzed recent studies exploring the genetic architecture of psychosis in PD in order to further understand the pathophysiology of PDP, the risk factors as well as the most suitable therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthalia Angelopoulou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Anastasia Bougea
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Sokratis G. Papageorgiou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition University Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece; (E.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.P.)
| | - Chiara Villa
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-6448-8138
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12
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Redenšek S, Kristanc T, Blagus T, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Genetic Variability of the Vitamin D Receptor Affects Susceptibility to Parkinson’s Disease and Dopaminergic Treatment Adverse Events. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:853277. [PMID: 35517045 PMCID: PMC9063754 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.853277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D is a lipid-soluble molecule and an important transcriptional regulator in many tissues and organs, including the brain. Its role has been demonstrated also in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis. Vitamin D receptor (VDR) is responsible for the initiation of vitamin D signaling cascade. The aim of this study was to assess the associations of VDR genetic variability with PD risk and different PD-related phenotypes. We genotyped 231 well characterized PD patients and 161 healthy blood donors for six VDR single nucleotide polymorphisms, namely rs739837, rs4516035, rs11568820, rs731236, rs2228570, and rs1544410. We observed that VDR rs2228570 is associated with PD risk (p < 0.001). Additionally, we observed associations of specific VDR genotypes with adverse events of dopaminergic treatment. VDR rs1544410 (GG vs. GA + AA: p = 0.005; GG vs. GA: p = 0.009) was associated with the occurrence of visual hallucinations and VDR rs739837 (TT vs. GG: p = 0.036), rs731236 (TT vs. TC + CC: p = 0.011; TT vs. TC: p = 0.028; TT vs. CC: p = 0.035), and rs1544410 (GG vs. GA: p = 0.014) with the occurrence of orthostatic hypotension. We believe that the reported study may support personalized approach to PD treatment, especially in terms of monitoring vitamin D level and vitamin D supplementation in patients with high risk VDR genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tilen Kristanc
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tanja Blagus
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Vita Dolžan,
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Serotonin-Related Functional Genetic Variants Affect the Occurrence of Psychiatric and Motor Adverse Events of Dopaminergic Treatment in Parkinson’s Disease: A Retrospective Cohort Study. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12020266. [PMID: 35207756 PMCID: PMC8875505 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12020266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The serotonergic system is important in Parkinson’s disease (PD) pathogenesis as it can take over dopamine production after a large portion of dopaminergic neurons is lost through neurodegeneration. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of genetic variability of serotonergic genes on the occurrence of motor complications and psychiatric adverse events (AE) due to dopaminergic treatment. We enrolled 231 patients and their clinical data were collected. Genotyping was performed for eight genetic variants. Logistic regression was used for analysis. Carriers of the HTR1A rs6295 GC genotype (OR = 2.58; 95% CI = 1.15–5.78; p = 0.021), TPH2 rs4290270 AA genotype (OR = 2.78; 95% CI = 1.08–7.03; p = 0.034), and at least one TPH2 rs4570625 T allele (OR = 1.86; 95% CI = 1.00–3.44; p = 0.047) had increased risk for visual hallucinations (VH). Additionally, carriers of at least one SLC6A4 5-HTTPLR rs25531 S (OR = 0.52; 95% CI = 0.28–0.96; p = 0.037) or at least one LG allele (OR = 0.37; 95% CI = 0.14–0.97; p = 0.044) had a decreased chance for VH. Constructed haplotypes of the TPH2 showed increased risk for VH (OR = 1.94; 95% CI = 1.06–3.55; p = 0.032) and impulse control disorders (OR = 5.20; 95% CI = 1.86–14.50; p = 0.002). Finally, individual gene–gene interactions showed decreased odds for the development of motor AE. Our findings suggest that the serotonergic pathway may play an important role in the development of AE resulting from dopaminergic treatment.
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Zapała B, Stefura T, Piwowar M, Czekalska S, Zawada M, Hadasik M, Solnica B, Rudzińska-Bar M. The Role of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms of Monoamine Oxidase B, Dopamine D2 Receptor, and DOPA Decarboxylase Receptors Among Patients Treated for Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:812-819. [PMID: 35044623 PMCID: PMC8986734 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01966-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the association between selected variants of genes related to dopamine metabolism pathways and the risk of and progression of Parkinson’s disease (PD). This prospective cohort study was conducted in one academic teaching hospital. The study was conducted on 126 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease. Blood samples were collected to conduct a genotyping of MAOB, DRD1, DRD2, and DDC genes. Genotype and allele frequencies of MAOB (rs1799836) variants were not associated with the course of PD. Genotype and allele frequencies of DRD2 (rs2283265) variants were associated with risk of dementia (p = 0.001) and resulted in parts II and III of the UPDRS scale (p = 0.001). Genotype and allele frequencies of DRD2 (rs1076560) variants were associated with risk of dementia (p = 0.001) and resulted in parts II and III of the UPDRS scale (p = 0.001). Genotype and allele frequencies of DDC (rs921451) variants were not associated with the course of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zapała
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | | | - Monika Piwowar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sylwia Czekalska
- Department of Hematology Diagnostics and Genetics, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Zawada
- Department of Hematology Diagnostics and Genetics, The University Hospital, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Hadasik
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bogdan Solnica
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
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15
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The dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3: multidisease risks. Mol Psychiatry 2022; 27:1031-1046. [PMID: 34650206 PMCID: PMC9008071 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-021-01341-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The human dopamine transporter gene SLC6A3 has been consistently implicated in several neuropsychiatric diseases but the disease mechanism remains elusive. In this risk synthesis, we have concluded that SLC6A3 represents an increasingly recognized risk with a growing number of familial mutants associated with neuropsychiatric and neurological disorders. At least five loci were related to common and severe diseases including alcohol use disorder (high activity variant), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (low activity variant), autism (familial proteins with mutated networking) and movement disorders (both regulatory variants and familial mutations). Association signals depended on genetic markers used as well as ethnicity examined. Strong haplotype selection and gene-wide epistases support multimarker assessment of functional variations and phenotype associations. Inclusion of its promoter region's functional markers such as DNPi (rs67175440) and 5'VNTR (rs70957367) may help delineate condensate-based risk action, testing a locus-pathway-phenotype hypothesis for one gene-multidisease etiology.
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16
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Association of COMT rs4680 and MAO-B rs1799836 polymorphisms with levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease-a meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2021; 42:4085-4094. [PMID: 34346015 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-021-05509-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Polymorphisms of the catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT) or monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) genes may affect the occurrence of dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. However, the findings are inconsistent. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess whether COMT and MAO-B genetic variants are associated with an increased incidence of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in PD patients. METHODS A literature search of PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify relevant studies published up to January 2021. The strength of the association between the polymorphisms and LID susceptibility was estimated by odds ratio (OR) and associated 95% confidence interval (CI). The pooled ORs were assessed in different genetic models. RESULTS Ten studies involving 2385 PD patients were included in the meta-analysis. Analysis of pooled ORs and 95% CIs suggested that the AA genotype of COMT(rs4680) was associated with LID (OR = 1.39, 95%CI: 1.02-1.89, P = 0.039) in the recessive model, and this correlation was more obvious in Brazilian samples in the analysis stratified by ethnicity. For the AG genotype of MAO-B(rs1799836), the pooled OR was 1.66 (95% CI: 1.04-2.65, P = 0.03) in patients with LID versus those without LID in the heterozygote model. CONCLUSIONS Our meta-analysis implicates the AA genotype of the COMT rs4680 polymorphism as potentially increasing the risk of LID in a recessive genetic model for PD patients. Furthermore, the AG genotype of the MAO-B rs1799836 polymorphism may influence the prevalence of LID in PD patients in the heterozygote model. However, further well-designed studies with larger PD patient cohorts are required to validate these results after adjusting for confounding factors.
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Vuletić V, Rački V, Papić E, Peterlin B. A Systematic Review of Parkinson's Disease Pharmacogenomics: Is There Time for Translation into the Clinics? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22137213. [PMID: 34281267 PMCID: PMC8268929 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22137213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most frequent neurodegenerative disease, which creates a significant public health burden. There is a challenge for the optimization of therapies since patients not only respond differently to current treatment options but also develop different side effects to the treatment. Genetic variability in the human genome can serve as a biomarker for the metabolism, availability of drugs and stratification of patients for suitable therapies. The goal of this systematic review is to assess the current evidence for the clinical translation of pharmacogenomics in the personalization of treatment for Parkinson's disease. METHODS We performed a systematic search of Medline database for publications covering the topic of pharmacogenomics and genotype specific mutations in Parkinson's disease treatment, along with a manual search, and finally included a total of 116 publications in the review. RESULTS We analyzed 75 studies and 41 reviews published up to December of 2020. Most research is focused on levodopa pharmacogenomic properties and catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) enzymatic pathway polymorphisms, which have potential for clinical implementation due to changes in treatment response and side-effects. Likewise, there is some consistent evidence in the heritability of impulse control disorder via Opioid Receptor Kappa 1 (OPRK1), 5-Hydroxytryptamine Receptor 2A (HTR2a) and Dopa decarboxylase (DDC) genotypes, and hyperhomocysteinemia via the Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene. On the other hand, many available studies vary in design and methodology and lack in sample size, leading to inconsistent findings. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrated that the evidence for implementation of pharmacogenomics in clinical practice is still lacking and that further research needs to be done to enable a more personalized approach to therapy for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimira Vuletić
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Valentino Rački
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.)
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Eliša Papić
- Clinic of Neurology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (V.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Borut Peterlin
- Clinical Institute of Medical Genetics, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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18
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Moskaleva PV, Shnayder NA, Nasyrova RF. [Association of polymorphic variants of DDC (AADC), AANAT and ASMT genes encoding enzymes for melatonin synthesis with the higher risk of neuropsychiatric disorders]. Zh Nevrol Psikhiatr Im S S Korsakova 2021; 121:151-157. [PMID: 34184492 DOI: 10.17116/jnevro2021121041151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin is the most well-known regulator of the circadian rhythms of all living organisms and the main substrate synthesized at night. There are 4 stages in the synthesis of melatonin. This review focuses on the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th stages. The review is aimed at analyzing publications on molecular genetic association studies on the role of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the DDC (AADC), AANAT and ASMT genes encoding melatonin synthesis enzymes in the pathogenesis of socially significant neuropsychiatric disorders in humans. The authors analyzed the available full-text articles from several databases, as well as materials from electronic resources. Search depth was 15 years. The analysis of these studies over the past decade show the association of some SNPs of the studied genes with the risk of neuropsychiatric disorders such as delayed sleep phase disorder, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorder, migraine, Parkinson's disease, depression, anxiety, bipolar-affective disorder, schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P V Moskaleva
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - N A Shnayder
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - R F Nasyrova
- Bekhterev National Medical Research Center for Psychiatry and Neurology, St. Petersburg, Russia
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19
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Cacabelos R, Carrera I, Martínez O, Alejo R, Fernández-Novoa L, Cacabelos P, Corzo L, Rodríguez S, Alcaraz M, Nebril L, Tellado I, Cacabelos N, Pego R, Naidoo V, Carril JC. Atremorine in Parkinson's disease: From dopaminergic neuroprotection to pharmacogenomics. Med Res Rev 2021; 41:2841-2886. [PMID: 34106485 DOI: 10.1002/med.21838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Atremorine is a novel bioproduct obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer with powerful effects on the neuronal dopaminergic system, acting as a neuroprotective agent in Parkinson's disease (PD). Over 97% of PD patients respond to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration. This response is gender-, time-, dose-, and genotype-dependent, with optimal doses ranging from 5 to 20 g/day, depending upon disease severity and concomitant medication. Drug-free patients show an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti-PD drugs show an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effects of conventional anti-PD drugs. Atremorine also influences the levels of other neurotransmitters (adrenaline, noradrenaline) and hormones which are regulated by DA (e.g., prolactin, PRL), with no effect on serotonin or histamine. The variability in Atremorine-induced DA response is highly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic (SNCA, NUCKS1, ITGA8, GPNMB, GCH1, BCKDK, APOE, LRRK2, ACMSD), mechanistic (DRD2), metabolic (CYP2D6, CYP2C9, CYP2C19, CYP3A4/5, NAT2), transporter (ABCB1, SLC6A2, SLC6A3, SLC6A4) and pleiotropic genes (APOE) influence the DA response to Atremorine and its psychomotor and brain effects. Atremorine enhances DNA methylation and displays epigenetic activity via modulation of the pharmacoepigenetic network. Atremorine is a novel neuroprotective agent for dopaminergic neurons with potential prophylactic and therapeutic activity in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- Department of Health Biotechnology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Olaia Martínez
- Department of Medical Epigenetics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | | | | | - Pablo Cacabelos
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Lola Corzo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Susana Rodríguez
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Margarita Alcaraz
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Laura Nebril
- Department of Genomic Medicine, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Tellado
- Department of Digital Diagnosis, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- Department of Medical Documentation, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Rocío Pego
- Department of Neuropsychology, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- Department of Neuroscience, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Juan C Carril
- Department of Genomics & Pharmacogenomics, EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
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Impulse control disorders and related behaviors in Parkinson's disease: risk factors, clinical and genetic aspects, and management. Curr Opin Neurol 2021; 34:547-555. [PMID: 33967198 DOI: 10.1097/wco.0000000000000955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To review recent findings and research directions on impulse control disorders and related behaviors (ICDRBs) in Parkinson's disease (PD). RECENT FINDINGS Longitudinal studies found that prevalence increases during PD progression, incident ICDRBs being around 10% per year in patients treated with dopaminergic therapies. Screening tools and severity scales already developed have been validated and are available in several countries and languages. The main clinical risk factors include young age, male gender, type, doses and duration of dopaminergic therapy, PD motor severity and dyskinesia, depression, anxiety, apathy, sleep disorders, and impulsivity traits. Genetic factors are suspected by a high estimated heritability, but individual genes and variants remain to be replicated. Management of ICDRBs is centered on dopamine agonist decrease, with the risk to develop withdrawal symptoms. Cognitive behavioral therapy and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation also improve ICDRBs. In the perspective of precision medicine, new individual prediction models of these disorders have been proposed, but they need further independent replication. SUMMARY Regular monitoring of ICDRB during the course of PD is needed, particularly in the subject at high risk of developing these complications. Precision medicine will require the appropriate use of machine learning to be reached in the clinical setting.
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21
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Augustine A, Winstanley CA, Krishnan V. Impulse Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease: From Bench to Bedside. Front Neurosci 2021; 15:654238. [PMID: 33790738 PMCID: PMC8006437 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2021.654238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that is characterized by symptoms that impact both motor and non-motor domains. Outside of motor impairments, PD patients are at risk for impulse control disorders (ICDs), which include excessively disabling impulsive and compulsive behaviors. ICD symptoms in PD (PD + ICD) can be broadly conceptualized as a synergistic interaction between dopamine agonist therapy and the many molecular and circuit-level changes intrinsic to PD. Aside from discontinuing dopamine agonist treatment, there remains a lack of consensus on how to best address ICD symptoms in PD. In this review, we explore recent advances in the molecular and neuroanatomical mechanisms underlying ICD symptoms in PD by summarizing a rapidly accumulating body of clinical and preclinical studies, with a special focus on the utility of rodent models in gaining new insights into the neurochemical basis of PD + ICD. We also discuss the relevance of these findings to the broader problem of impulsive and compulsive behaviors that impact a range of neuropsychiatric syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Augustine
- Department of BioSciences, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Catharine A Winstanley
- Department of Psychology, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Vaishnav Krishnan
- Departments of Neurology, Neuroscience and Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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22
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Cacabelos R, Carrera I, Martínez O, Naidoo V, Cacabelos N, Aliev G, Carril JC. Influence of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin transporters on the pharmacogenetics of Atremorine in Parkinson's disease. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:695-706. [PMID: 33458869 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atremorine is a potent dopamine (DA) enhancer obtained by nondenaturing biotechnological processes from a genetic species of Vicia faba. Atremorine affects the neuronal dopaminergic system by acting as a neuroprotective agent against Parkinson's disease (PD). PD patients (N = 127) responded to a single dose of Atremorine (5 g, p.o.) 1 h after administration in a sex-, time-, dose-, and genotype-dependent fashion. Drug-free patients (N = 81) showed an increase in DA levels from 12.14 ± 0.34 pg/ml to 6463.21 ± 1306.90 pg/ml; and patients chronically treated with anti-PD drugs (N = 46) showed an increase in DA levels from 1321.53 ± 389.94 pg/ml to 16,028.54 ± 4783.98 pg/ml, indicating that Atremorine potentiates the dopaminergic effect of conventional anti-PD drugs. The variability in Atremorine-induced DA response is strongly attributable to pharmacogenetic factors. Polymorphic variants in pathogenic, mechanistic, metabolic, transporter, and pleiotropic genes influence the DA response to Atremorine. Genetic variation in the DA (SLC6A3; rs460000), noradrenaline (NA) (SLC6A2; rs12708954, rs3785143, rs5569), and serotonin (5-HT) transporter (SLC6A4; rs2020934, rs2020936, rs4251417, rs6354) genes exert a genotype-dependent Atremorine-induced DA response in PD, with potential impact on the DA-related pharmacogenetic outcome and minimum effects on NA and 5-HT levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Iván Carrera
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Olaia Martínez
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Vinogran Naidoo
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Natalia Cacabelos
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
| | - Gjumrakch Aliev
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain.,Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation.,Research Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Institute of Physiologically Active Compounds, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation.,GALLY International Research Institute, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Juan C Carril
- EuroEspes Biomedical Research Center, International Center of Neuroscience and Genomic Medicine, Bergondo, Spain
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23
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Marino BLB, de Souza LR, Sousa KPA, Ferreira JV, Padilha EC, da Silva CHTP, Taft CA, Hage-Melim LIS. Parkinson's Disease: A Review from Pathophysiology to Treatment. Mini Rev Med Chem 2021; 20:754-767. [PMID: 31686637 DOI: 10.2174/1389557519666191104110908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease in the elderly population, with a higher prevalence in men, independent of race and social class; it affects approximately 1.5 to 2.0% of the elderly population over 60 years and 4% for those over 80 years of age. PD is caused by the necrosis of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra, which is the brain region responsible for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter dopamine (DA), resulting in its decrease in the synaptic cleft. The monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) degrades dopamine, promoting the glutamate accumulation and oxidative stress with the release of free radicals, causing excitotoxicity. The PD symptoms are progressive physical limitations such as rigidity, bradykinesia, tremor, postural instability and disability in functional performance. Considering that there are no laboratory tests, biomarkers or imaging studies to confirm the disease, the diagnosis of PD is made by analyzing the motor features. There is no cure for PD, and the pharmacological treatment consists of a dopaminergic supplement with levodopa, COMT inhibitors, anticholinergics agents, dopaminergic agonists, and inhibitors of MAO-B, which basically aims to control the symptoms, enabling better functional mobility and increasing life expectancy of the treated PD patients. Due to the importance and increasing prevalence of PD in the world, this study reviews information on the pathophysiology, symptomatology as well as the most current and relevant treatments of PD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca L B Marino
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Lucilene R de Souza
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Kessia P A Sousa
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Jaderson V Ferreira
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
| | - Elias C Padilha
- Faculdade de Ciencias Farmaceuticas, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Campus Araraquara, Departamento de Principios Ativos Naturais e Toxicologia, Araraquara, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos H T P da Silva
- Laboratório Computacional de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Chemistry, School of Philosophy, Sciences and Letters of Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
| | - Carlton A Taft
- Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lorane I S Hage-Melim
- Laboratorio de Quimica Farmaceutica e Medicinal (PharMedChem), Universidade Federal do Amapa, Macapa, Amapa, Brazil
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24
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Dos Santos EUD, da Silva IIFG, Asano AGC, Asano NMJ, De Mascena Diniz Maia M, de Souza PRE. Pharmacogenetic profile and the development of the dyskinesia induced by levodopa-therapy in Parkinson's disease patients: a population-based cohort study. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:8997-9004. [PMID: 33151475 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05956-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is an adverse effect that negatively impacts the quality of life of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Studies report that genetic variations in the genes of the pharmacogenetic pathway of the levodopa (L-DOPA) might be associated with LID development. The goal of the present study was to investigate a possible influence of functional genetic variants in the DRD1 (rs4532), DRD2 (rs1800497), DAT1 (rs28363170), and COMT (rs4680) genes with LID development. A total of 220 patients with idiopathic PD were enrolled. The genotyping for DRD1 (rs4532), DRD2 (rs1800497), DAT1 (rs28363170), and COMT (rs4680) polymorphisms were performed using Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the association of these polymorphisms and risk factors with LID development. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed increased risk to LID development for both Levodopa Dose Equivalency (LED) (Hazard ratios (HR) = 1.001; 95% CI 1.00-1.01; p = 0.009) and individuals carrying the COMT L/L genotype (HR = 2.974; 95% CI 1.12-7.83; p = 0.010). Furthermore, when performed a Cox regression analysis adjusted for a total LED, we observed that the genotype COMT L/L had a 3.84-fold increased risk for LID development (HR = 3.841; 95% CI 1.29-11.37; p = 0.012). Our results suggest that before treating LID in PD patients, it is important to take into consideration genetic variant in the COMT gene, since COMT LL genotype may increase the risk for LID development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erinaldo Ubirajara Damasceno Dos Santos
- Graduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, S/N -Dois Irmãos, CEP:52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Amdore Guescel C Asano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pro-Parkinson Program of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco Recife (HC/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Nadja Maria Jorge Asano
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.,Pro-Parkinson Program of the Clinical Hospital of the Federal University of Pernambuco Recife (HC/UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | - Paulo Roberto Eleutério de Souza
- Graduate Program in Applied Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Pernambuco (UPE), Rua Dom Manuel de Medeiros, S/N -Dois Irmãos, CEP:52171-900, Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Graduate Program in Genetics, Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, PE, Brazil. .,Department of Biology, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco (UFRPE), Recife, PE, Brazil.
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25
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Eryilmaz IE, Erer S, Zarifoglu M, Egeli U, Karakus E, Yurdacan B, Cecener G, Tunca B, Colakoglu B, Bora Tokcaer A, Saka E, Demirkiran M, Akbostanci C, Dogu O, Kaleagasi H, Kenangil G, Cakmur R, Elibol B. Contribution of functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptor variants to motor and non-motor symptoms of early onset Parkinson's disease. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2020; 199:106257. [PMID: 33039854 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2020.106257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we focused on investigating the contribution of functional dopamine D2 and D3 receptor variants to motor and/or non-motor symptoms of early onset Parkinson's disease (EOPD). Three functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), DRD3 rs6280, DRD2 rs2283265 and DRD2 rs1076560, were genotyped in 128 Turkish EOPD patients and then, statistical analysis was conducted for the potential impacts of SNPs on clinical parameters. All three SNPs were found to be statistically significant in terms of PD-related pain: DRD3 [rs6280; risk allele "T" for pain; p = 0.031; odds ratio (OR)=4.25], DRD2 [rs2283265; risk allele "A" for pain; p = 0.001; OR=8.47] and, DRD2 [rs1076560; risk allele "A" for pain; p = 0.022; OR=4.58]. Additionally, bilateral disease [p = 0.011; OR=5.10] and gender [risk group "female"; p = 0.003; OR=8.53] were also identified as significant univariate risk factors for PD-related pain. Based on logistic regression analysis conducted with the significant univariate risk factors, this the first report to clarify that a female patient with bilateral PD and DRD2 rs2283265 polymorphism has a significant risk for PD-related pain. Our findings might contribute to improve life quality by offering treatment options for pain in PD patients with these clinical and genetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isil Ezgi Eryilmaz
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Sevda Erer
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Zarifoglu
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Unal Egeli
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Ece Karakus
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Beste Yurdacan
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Gulsah Cecener
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Berrin Tunca
- Bursa Uludag University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Biology Department, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Beril Colakoglu
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayse Bora Tokcaer
- Gazi University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Esen Saka
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Meltem Demirkiran
- Cukurova University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Adana, Turkey
| | - Cenk Akbostanci
- Ankara University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Okan Dogu
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Hakan Kaleagasi
- Mersin University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Gulay Kenangil
- BAU Medical Park Goztepe, Neurology Department, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Raif Cakmur
- Dokuz Eylul University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Bulent Elibol
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Neurology Department, Ankara, Turkey
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26
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Chen Y, Ou R, Zhang L, Gu X, Yuan X, Wei QQ, Cao B, Zhao B, Wu Y, Shang H. Contribution of Five Functional Loci of Dopamine Metabolism-Related Genes to Parkinson's Disease and Multiple System Atrophy in a Chinese Population. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:889. [PMID: 33013295 PMCID: PMC7497786 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Impaired dopamine metabolism is associated with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Considering the overlap in the clinical and pathological characteristics between PD and multiple system atrophy (MSA), we investigated the effect of five potential functional polymorphisms in dopamine metabolism-related genes on disease susceptibility, phenotypes, and responses to dopamine in a large sample of PD and MSA patients. Methods: A total of 1506 PD patients, 496 MSA patients, and 894 healthy controls were included in this study. Five variants (rs6356 in TH, rs921451 in DDC, rs4680 in COMT, rs1799836 in MAOB, and rs1611115 in DBH) were genotyped in all cases using Sequenom iPLEX Assay technology. Results: After adjusting for gender and age at onset, except for DDC rs921451, which was associated with an increased risk of MSA (p = 0.001, OR = 1.21), no significant differences were found in genotype distribution or minor allele frequencies for the other four variants between PD and MSA patients and healthy controls. In the subgroup analysis, DDC rs921451 was associated with an increased risk for late-onset PD as well as for PD onset in males (p = 0.002 [OR = 1.13] p = 0.003 [OR = 1.15], respectively). In addition, patients harboring the risk allele DDC rs921451 required lower levodopa equivalent daily doses of dopaminergic medication than those without the risk allele (52.00 ± 21.31 mg/day, p = 0.015). Conclusion: None of the five candidate functional variants is a major determinant of the risk for PD or MSA. The modified PD phenotypes associated with these variants requires further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongping Chen
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruwei Ou
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaojing Gu
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqin Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qian-Qian Wei
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bei Cao
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bi Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huifang Shang
- Department of Neurology, Rare Disease Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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27
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Stocchi F, Fossati B, Torti M. Safety considerations when using non-ergot dopamine agonists to treat Parkinson's disease. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2020; 19:1155-1172. [PMID: 32869676 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2020.1804550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nonergot dopamine agonists (NEDA) represent an excellent treatment option for Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, in both early and advanced stages of the disease. The post-marketing phase of NEDA has highlighted, though, the occurrence of important long-term adverse events. AREAS COVERED This review reports recent updates on NEDA adverse events, analyzing neurobiological bases and risk factors of these complications. A literature search has been performed using Medline and reviewing the bibliographies of selected articles. EXPERT OPINION NEDA represents a very important option in the treatment of PD. Criticisms on their use can be overcome through a better knowledge of these molecules and of the risk factors for adverse events which allow specialists to prevent the occurrence of undesired complications and consent a tailor-based approach. Abbreviations: PD: Parkinson's disease, DA: dopamine agonists, NEDA: non-ergot dopamine agonists, ICD: impulse control disorders, DAWS: dopamine agonist withdrawal syndrome, CYP: Cytochrome P, PK: pharmacokinetic, AUC: area under the curve, HRT: hormone replacement therapy, AV: atrioventricular, HF: heart failure, OH: orthostatic hypotension, RBD: REM behavior disorders, PDP: Parkinson's disease psychosis, DRT: dopamine replacement therapy, DDS: dopamine dysregulation syndrome, MMSE: Mini-Mental state examination, EDS: excessive daytime somnolence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Stocchi
- Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy.,Neurology, San Raffaele University , Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Fossati
- Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, Casa Di Cura Privata Del Policlinico , Milano, Italy
| | - Margherita Torti
- Neurology, Institute for Research and Medical Care IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana , Rome, Italy
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28
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Redenšek S, Jenko Bizjan B, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Clinical and Clinical-Pharmacogenetic Models for Prediction of the Most Common Psychiatric Complications Due to Dopaminergic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:496-504. [PMID: 32710539 PMCID: PMC7689202 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most common psychiatric complications due to dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease are visual hallucinations and impulse control disorders. Their development depends on clinical and genetic factors. METHODS We evaluated the simultaneous effect of 16 clinical and 34 genetic variables on the occurrence of visual hallucinations and impulse control disorders. Altogether, 214 Parkinson's disease patients were enrolled. Their demographic, clinical, and genotype data were obtained. Clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models were built by The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator penalized logistic regression. The predictive capacity was evaluated with the cross-validated area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). RESULTS The clinical-pharmacogenetic index for prediction of visual hallucinations encompassed age at diagnosis (OR = 0.99), rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (OR = 2.27), depression (OR = 1.0002), IL6 rs1800795 (OR = 0.99), GPX1 s1050450 (OR = 1.07), COMT rs165815 (OR = 0.69), MAOB rs1799836 (OR = 0.97), DRD3 rs6280 (OR = 1.32), and BIRC5 rs8073069 (OR = 0.94). The clinical-pharmacogenetic index for prediction of impulse control disorders encompassed age at diagnosis (OR = 0.95), depression (OR = 1.75), beta-blockers (OR = 0.99), coffee consumption (OR = 0.97), NOS1 rs2682826 (OR = 1.15), SLC6A3 rs393795 (OR = 1.27), SLC22A1 rs628031 (OR = 1.19), DRD2 rs1799732 (OR = 0.88), DRD3 rs6280 (OR = 0.88), and NRG1 rs3924999 (OR = 0.96). The cross-validated AUCs of clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for visual hallucinations were 0.60 and 0.59, respectively. The AUCs of clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for impulse control disorders were 0.72 and 0.71, respectively. The AUCs show that the addition of selected genetic variables to the analysis does not contribute to better prediction of visual hallucinations and impulse control disorders. CONCLUSIONS Models could be improved by a larger cohort and by addition of other types of Parkinson's disease biomarkers to the analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia,Correspondence: Vita Dolžan, MD, PhD, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Vrazov trg 2, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia ()
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29
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Hejazi NS. Visual Hallucinations and Impulse Control Disorder in Parkinson's Disease. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2020; 23:639-641. [PMID: 32658290 PMCID: PMC7727485 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyaa045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Nadia S Hejazi
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland,Correspondence: Nadia S. Hejazi, MD, Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 center Drive, CRC Room 7-5543, Bethesda, Maryland 20814 ()
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30
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Quattrone D, Richards A, Reininghaus U, Vassos E, O'Donovan M, Lewis C, Di Forti M. Letter to the editor: Is polygenic risk for Parkinson's disease associated with less risk of first episode psychosis? Psychol Med 2020; 50:173-176. [PMID: 31533866 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719002435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diego Quattrone
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Alex Richards
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Ulrich Reininghaus
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, South Limburg Mental Health Research and Teaching Network, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Evangelos Vassos
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Michael O'Donovan
- Division of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF24 4HQ, UK
| | - Cathryn Lewis
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
| | - Marta Di Forti
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London SE5 8AF, UK
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Stout KA, Dunn AR, Hoffman C, Miller GW. The Synaptic Vesicle Glycoprotein 2: Structure, Function, and Disease Relevance. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3927-3938. [PMID: 31394034 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2 (SV2) family is comprised of three paralogues: SV2A, SV2B, and SV2C. In vertebrates, SV2s are 12-transmembrane proteins present on every secretory vesicle, including synaptic vesicles, and are critical to neurotransmission. Structural and functional studies suggest that SV2 proteins may play several roles to promote proper vesicular function. Among these roles are their potential to stabilize the transmitter content of vesicles, to maintain and orient the releasable pool of vesicles, and to regulate vesicular calcium sensitivity to ensure efficient, coordinated release of the transmitter. The SV2 family is highly relevant to human health in a number of ways. First, SV2A plays a role in neuronal excitability and as such is the specific target for the antiepileptic drug levetiracetam. SV2 proteins also act as the target by which potent neurotoxins, particularly botulinum, gain access to neurons and exert their toxicity. Both SV2B and SV2C are increasingly implicated in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. Interestingly, despite decades of intensive research, their exact function remains elusive. Thus, SV2 proteins are intriguing in their potentially diverse roles within the presynaptic terminal, and several recent developments have enhanced our understanding and appreciation of the protein family. Here, we review the structure and function of SV2 proteins as well as their relevance to disease and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen A Stout
- Department of Physiology , Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine , Chicago , Illinois , United States
| | - Amy R Dunn
- The Jackson Laboratory , Bar Harbor , Maine , United States
| | - Carlie Hoffman
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health , Emory University , Atlanta , Georgia , United States
| | - Gary W Miller
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Mailman School of Public Health , Columbia University , New York , New York , United States
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Redenšek S, Jenko Bizjan B, Trošt M, Dolžan V. Clinical-Pharmacogenetic Predictive Models for Time to Occurrence of Levodopa Related Motor Complications in Parkinson's Disease. Front Genet 2019; 10:461. [PMID: 31156712 PMCID: PMC6532453 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The response to dopaminergic treatment in Parkinson's disease depends on many clinical and genetic factors. The very common motor fluctuations (MF) and dyskinesia affect approximately half of patients after 5 years of treatment with levodopa. We did an evaluation of a combined effect of 16 clinical parameters and 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms to build clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for prediction of time to occurrence of motor complications and to compare their predictive abilities. In total, 220 Parkinson's disease patients were included in the analysis. Their demographic, clinical, and genotype data were obtained. The combined effect of clinical and genetic factors was assessed using The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator penalized regression in the Cox proportional hazards model. Clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models were constructed. The predictive capacity of the models was evaluated with the cross-validated area under time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curve. Clinical-pharmacogenetic model included age at diagnosis (HR = 0.99), time from diagnosis to initiation of levodopa treatment (HR = 1.24), COMT rs165815 (HR = 0.90), DRD3 rs6280 (HR = 1.03), and BIRC5 rs9904341 (HR = 0.95) as predictive factors for time to occurrence of MF. Furthermore, clinical-pharmacogenetic model for prediction of time to occurrence of dyskinesia included female sex (HR = 1.07), age at diagnosis (HR = 0.97), tremor-predominant Parkinson's disease (HR = 0.88), beta-blockers (HR = 0.95), alcohol consumption (HR = 0.99), time from diagnosis to initiation of levodopa treatment (HR = 1.15), CAT rs1001179 (HR = 1.27), SOD2 rs4880 (HR = 0.95), NOS1 rs2293054 (HR = 0.99), COMT rs165815 (HR = 0.92), and SLC22A1 rs628031 (HR = 0.80). Areas under the curves for clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for MF after 5 years of levodopa treatment were 0.68 and 0.70, respectively. Areas under the curves for clinical and clinical-pharmacogenetic models for dyskinesia after 5 years of levodopa treatment were 0.71 and 0.68, respectively. These results show that clinical-pharmacogenetic models do not have better ability to predict time to occurrence of motor complications in comparison to the clinical ones despite the significance of several polymorphisms. Models could be improved by a larger sample size and by additional polymorphisms, epigenetic predictors or serum biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Redenšek
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Maja Trošt
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Vita Dolžan
- Pharmacogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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