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Owoloye AJ, Olubode SO, Ogunleye A, Idowu ET, Oyebola KM. Computational identification of potential modulators of heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) for pharmacological intervention against sickle cell disease. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024:1-13. [PMID: 38555858 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2024.2331097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a significant health challenge and therapeutic approaches often target fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to ameliorate symptoms. Hydroxyurea, a current therapeutic option for SCD, has shown efficacy in increasing HbF levels. However, concerns about myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia necessitate the exploration of alternative compounds. Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) presents a promising target for pharmacological intervention in SCD due to its association with HbF modulation. This study screened compounds for their potential inhibitory functions against HRI. Small-molecule compounds from 17 folkloric plants were subjected to in silico screening against HRI. Molecular docking was performed, and free binding energy calculations were determined using molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area (MMGBSA). Lead compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation at 100 ns. Computational quantum mechanical modeling of the lead compounds was subsequently performed. We further examined the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic and physiological properties of the identified compounds. Five potential HRI inhibitors, including kaempferol-3-(2G-glucosyrutinoside), epigallocatechin gallate, tiliroside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside and cannabiscitrin, with respective docking scores of -16.0, -12.17, -11.37, -11.56 and 11.07 kcal/mol, were identified. The MMGBSA analysis of the complexes yielded free-binding energies of -69.76, -71.17, -60.44, -53.55 and -55 kcal/mol, respectively. The identified leads were stable within HRI binding pocket for the duration of the 100 ns simulation. The study identified five phytoligands with potential inhibitory effects on HRI. This finding holds promise for advancing SCD treatment strategies. However, additional preclinical analyses are warranted to validate the chemotherapeutic properties of the lead compounds.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afolabi J Owoloye
- Centre for Genomic Research in Biomedicine (CeGRIB), Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Nigeria
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
- Parasitology and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Samuel O Olubode
- Department of Biochemistry, Adekunle Ajasin University, Akungba, Ondo State, Nigeria
| | - Adewale Ogunleye
- Department of Microbiology, Biocenter, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Emmanuel T Idowu
- Parasitology and Bioinformatics Unit, Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Kolapo M Oyebola
- Centre for Genomic Research in Biomedicine (CeGRIB), Mountain Top University, Ibafo, Nigeria
- Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria
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2
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Owoloye AJ, Olubode SO, Ogunleye A, Idowu ET, Oyebola KM. Computational identification of potential modulators of heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) for pharmacological intervention against sickle cell disease. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3755458. [PMID: 38168168 PMCID: PMC10760220 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3755458/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Background Sickle cell disease (SCD) poses a significant health challenge and therapeutic approaches often target fetal hemoglobin (HbF) to ameliorate symptoms. Hydroxyurea, a current therapeutic option for SCD, has shown efficacy in increasing HbF levels. However, concerns about myelosuppression and thrombocytopenia necessitate the exploration of alternative compounds. Heme-regulated inhibitor (HRI) presents a promising target for pharmacological intervention in SCD due to its association with HbF modulation. This study systematically screened compounds for their potential inhibitory functions against HRI. Methods Small-molecule compounds from 17 plants commonly utilized in traditional SCD management were subjected to in silico screening against HRI. Molecular docking was performed, and free binding energy calculations were determined using molecular mechanics with generalized born and surface area (MMGBSA). The lead compounds were subjected to molecular dynamics simulation at 100 ns. Computational quantum mechanical modelling of the lead compounds was subsequently performed. We further examined the pharmacodynamics, pharmacokinetic and physiological properties of the identified compounds. Results Five potential HRI inhibitors, including kaempferol-3-(2G-glucosyrutinoside), epigallocatechin gallate, tiliroside, myricetin-3-O-glucoside, and cannabiscitrin, with respective docking scores of -16.0, -12.17, -11.37, -11.56 and 11.07 kcal/mol, were identified. The MMGBSA analysis of the complexes yielded free-binding energies of -69.76, -71.17, -60.44, 53.55, and - 55 kcal/mol, respectively. The identified leads were stable within HRI binding pocket for the duration of 100 ns simulation. Conclusions The study successfully identified five phytoligands with potential inhibitory effects on HRI, opening avenues for their use as modulators of HbF in SCD patients. This finding holds promise for advancing treatment strategies in SCD. However, additional preclinical analyses are warranted to validate the chemotherapeutic properties of the lead compounds.
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Liao X, Yao C, Zhang J, Liu LZ. Recent advancement in integrating artificial intelligence and information technology with real-world data for clinical decision-making in China: A scoping review. J Evid Based Med 2023; 16:534-546. [PMID: 37772921 DOI: 10.1111/jebm.12549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Striking innovations and advancements have been achieved with the use of artificial intelligence and healthcare information technology being integrated into clinical real-world data. The current scoping review aimed to provide an overview of the current status of artificial intelligence-/information technology-based clinical decision support tools in China. METHODS PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, China National Knowledge Internet, and Wanfang data were searched for both English and Chinese literature. The gray literature search was conducted for commercially available tools. Original studies that focused on clinical decision support tools driven by artificial intelligence or information technology in China and were published between 2010 and February 2022 were included. Information extracted from each article was further synthesized by themes based on three types of clinical decision-making. RESULTS A total of 37 peer-reviewed publications and 13 commercially available tools were included in the final analysis. Among them, 32.0% were developed for disease diagnosis, 54.0% for risk prediction and classification, and 14.0% for disease management. Chronic diseases were the most popular therapeutic areas of exploration, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Single-center electronic medical records were the mainstream data sources leveraged to inform clinical decision-making, with internal validation being predominately used for model evaluation. CONCLUSIONS To effectively promote the extensive use of real-world data and drive a paradigm shift in clinical decision-making in China, multidisciplinary collaboration of key stakeholders is urgently needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiwen Liao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Yao
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
- Hainan Institute of Real World Data, Qionghai, Hainan, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence (CORE), MSD R&D (China) Co., Ltd., Beijing, China
| | - Larry Z Liu
- Center for Observational and Real-world Evidence (CORE), Merck & Co Inc, Rahway, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York City, New York, USA
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Goethals O, Voge NV, Kesteleyn B, Chaltin P, Jinks T, De Marez T, Koul A, Draghia-Akli R, Neyts J, Van Loock M. A pan-serotype antiviral to prevent and treat dengue: A journey from discovery to clinical development driven by public-private partnerships. Antiviral Res 2023; 210:105495. [PMID: 36567021 PMCID: PMC9902276 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2022.105495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
While progress has been made in fighting diseases disproportionally affecting underserved populations, unmet medical needs persist for many neglected tropical diseases. The World Health Organization has encouraged strong public-private partnerships to address this issue and several public and private organizations have set an example in the past showing a strong commitment to combat these diseases. Pharmaceutical companies are contributing in different ways to address the imbalance in research efforts. With this review, we exemplify the role of a public-private partnership in research and development by the journey of our dengue antiviral molecule that is now in early clinical development. We detail the different steps of drug development and outline the contribution of each partner to this process. Years of intensive collaboration resulted in the identification of two antiviral compounds, JNJ-A07 and JNJ-1802, the latter of which has advanced to clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivia Goethals
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Natalia V. Voge
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Bart Kesteleyn
- Janssen Research & Development, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Patrick Chaltin
- Centre for Drug Design and Discovery (CD3), KU Leuven, Bioincubator 2, Leuven, Belgium,Cistim Leuven vzw, Bioincubator 2, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Tine De Marez
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - Anil Koul
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Ruxandra Draghia-Akli
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Research & Development, LLC, Spring House, PA, USA
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy, Leuven, Belgium,Global Virus Network (GVN), Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marnix Van Loock
- Global Public Health R&D, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium.
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Jansen E, Hines PA, Berntgen M, Brand A. Strengthening the Interface of Evidence-Based Decision Making Across European Regulators and Health Technology Assessment Bodies. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:1726-1735. [PMID: 35370077 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Access to medicines in Europe depends on a benefit-risk decision taken by regulators and a relative effectiveness assessment performed by health technology assessment bodies (HTABs) to inform, as one element, a reimbursement decision. Although various similarities in evidence needs exist, understanding of their needs is currently suboptimal and therefore the evidence generated does not always meet their needs. Subsequently, delays in decision making can be expected, negatively affecting access. To overcome this, this study reviewed the evidentiary needs of European regulators and HTABs at European level and analyzed how their collaboration can further facilitate optimal evidence generation plans, evidence use, and evidence presentation. METHODS Through systematic literature review, expert interviews, and pairwise comparison of assessment reports by the European Medicines Agency and European network for health technology assessment, respective clinical evidence requirements and impact of product-specific collaboration between European Medicines Agency and HTABs were established. RESULTS Clinical evidence needs are quite similar but differences exist in comparator choice, preferred efficacy endpoints, and target population. Results of the impact of collaboration to date were mixed: preapproval joint advice procedures were successful and highly valued by all stakeholders; information exchange at the time of regulatory decision is coming together, yet the European Public Assessment Report can be further optimized; and collaboration on postlicensing evidence generation requirements shows potential but needs solidifying. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate the potential to further improve the evidence utilization across stakeholders to avoid duplication and streamline decision making, to ultimately improve access to medicines for European patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ella Jansen
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands.
| | - Philip A Hines
- Regulatory Science and Innovation Department, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Berntgen
- Scientific Evidence Generation Department, European Medicines Agency, Amsterdam, North Holland, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Brand
- Faculty of Health, Medicine, and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands; United Nations University - Maastricht Economic and Social Research Institute on Innovation and Technology, Maastricht, Limburg, The Netherlands; Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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Meeting the Need for a Discussion of Unmet Medical Need. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10081578. [PMID: 36011235 PMCID: PMC9408346 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As Europe and the world continue to battle against COVID, the customary complacency of society over future threats is clearly on display. Just 30 months ago, such a massive disruption to global lives, livelihoods and quality of life seemed unimaginable. Some remedial European Union action is now emerging, and more is proposed, including in relation to tackling “unmet medical need” (UMN). This initiative—directing attention to the future of treating disease and contemplating incentives to stimulate research and development—is welcome in principle. But the current approach being considered by EU officials merits further discussion, because it may prove counter-productive, impeding rather than promoting innovation. This paper aims to feed into these ongoing policy discussions, and rather than presenting research in the classical sense, it discusses the key elements from a multistakeholder perspective. Its central concern is over the risk that the envisaged support will fail to generate valuable new treatments if the legislation is phrased in a rigidly linear manner that does not reflect the serpentine realities of the innovation process, or if the definition placed on unmet medical need is too restrictive. It cautions that such an approach presumes that “unmet need” can be precisely and comprehensively defined in advance on the basis of the past. It cautions that such an approach can reinforce the comfortable delusion that the future is totally predictable—the delusion that left the world as easy prey to COVID. Instead, the paper urges reflection on how the legislation that will shortly enter the pipeline can be phrased so as to allow for the flourishing of a culture capable of rapid adaptation to the unexpected.
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Hao P, Wu L, Liu Y. A survey on work status and competencies of Clinical Research Nurses in China. J Res Nurs 2022; 27:82-98. [PMID: 35392202 PMCID: PMC8980573 DOI: 10.1177/17449871211067963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The clinical trials industry in China has enjoyed robust growth; the demand for qualified personnel to conduct clinical trials with higher quality has increased. The Clinical Research Nurse has emerged as a new workforce in China. Aims This study aimed to examine the current work status of Clinical Research Nurses in China and to investigate their competencies in knowledge and behavior associated with this profession. Methods An online survey was analyzed. The current work status of Clinical Research Nurses in China was characterized. In addition, their competencies were self-assessed across nine competency categories and the "contribution to science" domain, based on the International Association of Clinical Research Nurses Scope and Standards of Practice. Results A total of 638 eligible questionnaires were included in the final analysis. Of whom, 98.28% (627/638) were females. The mean age was 35 years (range: 22-64 years). Over 80% of whom were working at the largest Chinese cities and the majority (78.2%) held a Bachelor's degree in nursing. The average time of clinical research experience was 5.67 years. Three quarters of the 638 had an annual income of <150,000 Yuan RMB. The average weekly working time was 45.46 h; clinical trial-related work accounted for 62.68% of their workload. There were some gaps between the Clinical Research Nurses' self-assessed competencies in knowledge and behavior, with the widest gaps along the ethical principles, leadership and professional development, protocol compliance, and document management categories. Conclusion This is the first large-scale survey of Clinical Research Nurses in China. Our results profile this emerging workforce as a population of young, moderately trained/experienced, predominantly female nurses working in the largest Chinese cities. They performed well on most knowledge/behavior parameters; still, gaps exist. Therefore, there is a pressing need to enhance professional education and training for Clinical Research Nurses in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hao
- Clinical Department, WuXi MedKey Med-Tech Development (Shanghai) Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China
| | - Linda Wu
- Linda Wu Consulting, Independent Research Consultant, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Yanfei Liu
- Clinical Trial Unit, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai,China
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Gasol M, Paco N, Guarga L, Bosch JÀ, Pontes C, Obach M. Early Access to Medicines: Use of Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) as a Decision Tool in Catalonia (Spain). J Clin Med 2022; 11:jcm11051353. [PMID: 35268443 PMCID: PMC8910942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11051353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Early access to medicines allows the prescription of a medicine before it is available in the public formulary to patients with severe or rare diseases with high unmet needs who have no authorised therapeutic alternatives available. In this context, consistent decision making is difficult, and a systematic assessment procedure could be useful to tackle complex situations and guarantee the equity of medicines’ access. A multidisciplinary panel (MP) conducted four workshops to develop an early access framework based on a reflective multiple criteria decision analysis (MCDA). A set of 12 criteria was agreed: eight quantitative (severity of disease, urgency, efficacy, safety, internal and external validity, therapeutic benefit and plausibility) and four qualitative (therapeutic alternative, existence of precedents, management impact and costs). Quantitative criteria were weighted using a five-point scale. The relative importance of quantitative criteria had mean weights from 4.7 to 3.6, showing its relevance in the decisions. The framework was tested using two case studies, and reliability was assessed by re-test. The re-test revealed no statistical differences, indicating the consistency and replicability of the framework developed. MCDA may help to structure discussions for heterogeneous treatment requests, providing predictability and robustness in decision making involving sensitive and complex situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Montse Gasol
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (L.G.); (M.O.)
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08006 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Paco
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (L.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Laura Guarga
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (L.G.); (M.O.)
| | - Josep Àngel Bosch
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
| | - Caridad Pontes
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain;
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (L.G.); (M.O.)
- Digitalization for the Sustainability of the Healthcare System (DS3), Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), 08006 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence:
| | - Mercè Obach
- Catalan Health Service (CatSalut), 08007 Barcelona, Spain; (N.P.); (L.G.); (M.O.)
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Lee YC, Chao YT, Lin PJ, Yang YY, Yang YC, Chu CC, Wang YC, Chang CH, Chuang SL, Chen WC, Sun HJ, Tsou HC, Chou CF, Yang WS. Quality assurance of integrative big data for medical research within a multihospital system. J Formos Med Assoc 2022; 121:1728-1738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2021.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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10
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Schlag AK, Zafar RR, Lynskey MT, Athanasiou-Fragkouli A, Phillips LD, Nutt DJ. The value of real world evidence: The case of medical cannabis. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1027159. [PMID: 36405915 PMCID: PMC9669276 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1027159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) have long been considered the gold standard of medical evidence. In relation to cannabis based medicinal products (CBMPs), this focus on RCTs has led to very restrictive guidelines in the UK, which are limiting patient access. There is general agreement that RCT evidence in relation to CBPMs is insufficient at present. As well as commercial reasons, a major problem is that RCTs do not lend themselves well to the study of whole plant medicines. One solution to this challenge is the use of real world evidence (RWE) with patient reported outcomes (PROs) to widen the evidence base. Such data increasingly highlights the positive impact medical cannabis can have on patients' lives. This paper outlines the value of this approach which involves the study of interventions and patients longitudinally under medical care. In relation to CBMPs, RWE has a broad range of advantages. These include the study of larger groups of patients, the use of a broader range and ratio of components of CBMPs, and the inclusion of more and rarer medical conditions. Importantly, and in contrast to RCTs, patients with significant comorbidities-and from a wider demographic profile-can also be studied, so providing higher ecological validity and increasing patient numbers, whilst offering significant cost savings. We conclude by outlining 12 key recommendations of the value of RWE in relation to medical cannabis. We hope that this paper will help policymakers and prescribers understand the importance of RWE in relation to medical cannabis and help them develop approaches to overcome the current situation which is detrimental to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Katrin Schlag
- Drug Science, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rayyan R Zafar
- Drug Science, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Lawrence D Phillips
- Drug Science, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Management, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom
| | - David J Nutt
- Drug Science, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Brain Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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11
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Ruggiero R, Motta G, Massaro G, Rafaniello C, Della Corte A, De Angelis A, Capuano A, Motta G, Rossi F. Pharmacological, Technological, and Digital Innovative Aspects in Rhinology. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2021; 2:732909. [PMID: 35387050 PMCID: PMC8974665 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2021.732909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovation refers to the introduction of a product, a process, a service or a solution resulting in something new or significantly improved compared to the already available alternatives. In the clinical context, it is strictly related to the identification of a new added value in terms of quality, therapeutic efficacy and safety. Over the years several innovative approaches have been introduced in the clinical practice, revolutionizing the treatment and the management of important rhinologic conditions. Innovative tools, including new drugs, biomaterials, and mobile applications seem to be able to improve the clinical outcomes and the quality of life of many patients affected by (often relapsing) rhinologic diseases. Among the main modern pharmacological innovations, mention must be made of the biological drugs like monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Recently, new mAbs have been introduced and investigated as useful arms in the treatment of some inflammatory/infectious or oncological diseases affecting the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses. The already approved or still investigated mAbs work inhibiting different type 2 inflammation pathways, including those mediated by IgE (omalizumab), IL-4/IL-13 (dupilumab), and IL-5 (mepolizumab). Moreover, considering the higher expression of PD-L1 in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, the use of PD-1 inhibitors, such as nivolumab, or a dual CTLA-4/PD-1 blockade (ipilimumab plus nivolumab) appear to be an effective strategy for the treatment of this cancer form. The implants with bio-absorbable biomaterials represent new interesting available technological innovations. Moreover, advanced technologies such as the artificial intelligence, the machine learning as well as the augmented or virtual reality have also proved useful in rhinologic field with main impacts on precision medicine and surgery. Finally, the development and use of mobile-Health tools represent a winning strategy in monitoring of the therapy success, safety and tolerability as well as the progress of chronic disease including chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Supporting the research of innovative tools and strategies (including pharmacological, technologic, or digital ones) is essential to improve the management of chronic diseases that significantly affect the patients' quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Ruggiero
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
- *Correspondence: Rosanna Ruggiero
| | - Giovanni Motta
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Massaro
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Concetta Rafaniello
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Della Corte
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonella De Angelis
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Annalisa Capuano
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Motta
- Department of Mental Health and Public Medicine, Section of Otorhinolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
| | - Francesco Rossi
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Naples, Italy
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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12
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Das T, Das TK, Khodarkovskaya A, Dash S. Non-coding RNAs and their bioengineering applications for neurological diseases. Bioengineered 2021; 12:11675-11698. [PMID: 34756133 PMCID: PMC8810045 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.2003667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering of cellular biomolecules is an emerging landscape presenting creative therapeutic opportunities. Recently, several strategies such as biomimetic materials, drug-releasing scaffolds, stem cells, and dynamic culture systems have been developed to improve specific biological functions, however, have been confounded with fundamental and technical roadblocks. Rapidly emerging investigations on the bioengineering prospects of mammalian ribonucleic acid (RNA) is expected to result in significant biomedical advances. More specifically, the current trend focuses on devising non-coding (nc) RNAs as therapeutic candidates for complex neurological diseases. Given the pleiotropic and regulatory role, ncRNAs such as microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs are deemed as attractive therapeutic candidates. Currently, the list of non-coding RNAs in mammals is evolving, which presents the plethora of hidden possibilities including their scope in biomedicine. Herein, we critically review on the emerging repertoire of ncRNAs in neurological diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, neuroinflammation and drug abuse disorders. Importantly, we present the advances in engineering of ncRNAs to improve their biocompatibility and therapeutic feasibility as well as provide key insights into the applications of bioengineered non-coding RNAs that are investigated for neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tuhin Das
- Quanta Therapeutics, San Francisco, CA, 94158, USA.,RayBiotech, Inc, 3607 Parkway Lane, Peachtree Corners, GA, 30092, USA
| | - Tushar Kanti Das
- Department of Neurology, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Anne Khodarkovskaya
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA
| | - Sabyasachi Dash
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY, 10065, USA.,School of Biotechnology, Kalinga Institute of Industrial Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, 751024 India
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13
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Microbiological contamination of herbal medicinal products marketed in Kenya for chronic diseases: A case study of Nairobi metropolis. J Herb Med 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hermed.2021.100475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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14
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Bloem LT, Vreman RA, Peeters NWL, Hoekman J, van der Elst ME, Leufkens HGM, Klungel OH, Goettsch WG, Mantel-Teeuwisse AK. Associations between uncertainties identified by the European Medicines Agency and national decision making on reimbursement by HTA agencies. Clin Transl Sci 2021; 14:1566-1577. [PMID: 33786991 PMCID: PMC8301545 DOI: 10.1111/cts.13027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We aimed to determine whether uncertainties identified by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) were associated with negative relative effectiveness assessments (REAs) and negative overall reimbursement recommendations by national health technology assessment (HTA) agencies. Therefore, we identified all HTA reports from Haute Autorité de Santé (HAS; France), National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE; England/Wales), Scottish Medicine Consortium (SMC; Scotland), and Zorginstituut Nederland (ZIN; The Netherlands) for a cohort of innovative medicines that the EMA had approved in 2009 to 2010 (excluding vaccines). Uncertainty regarding pivotal trial methodology, clinical outcomes, and their clinical relevance were combined to reflect a low, medium, or high level of uncertainty. We assessed associations by calculating risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and agreement between REA and overall reimbursement recommendation outcomes. We identified 36 medicines for which 121 reimbursement recommendations had been issued by the HTA agencies between September 2009 and July 2018. High versus low uncertainty was associated with an increased risk for negative REAs and negative overall reimbursement recommendations: RRs 1.9 (95% CI 0.9-3.9) and 1.6 (95% CI 0.7-3.5), respectively, which was supported by further sensitivity analyses. We identified a lack of agreement between 33 (27%) REA and overall reimbursement recommendation outcomes, which were mostly restricted recommendations that followed on negative REAs in case of low or medium uncertainty. In conclusion, high uncertainty identified by the EMA was associated with negative REAs and negative overall reimbursement recommendations. To reduce uncertainty and ultimately facilitate efficient patient access, regulators, HTA agencies, and other stakeholders should discuss how uncertainties should be weighed and addressed early in the drug life cycle of innovative treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourens T Bloem
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Dutch Medicines Evaluation Board, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Rick A Vreman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,National Healthcare Institute, Diemen, The Netherlands
| | - Niels W L Peeters
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jarno Hoekman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Innovation Studies, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Hubert G M Leufkens
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf H Klungel
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Aukje K Mantel-Teeuwisse
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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15
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Hughes RE, Elliott RJR, Dawson JC, Carragher NO. High-content phenotypic and pathway profiling to advance drug discovery in diseases of unmet need. Cell Chem Biol 2021; 28:338-355. [PMID: 33740435 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2021.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Conventional thinking in modern drug discovery postulates that the design of highly selective molecules which act on a single disease-associated target will yield safer and more effective drugs. However, high clinical attrition rates and the lack of progress in developing new effective treatments for many important diseases of unmet therapeutic need challenge this hypothesis. This assumption also impinges upon the efficiency of target agnostic phenotypic drug discovery strategies, where early target deconvolution is seen as a critical step to progress phenotypic hits. In this review we provide an overview of how emerging phenotypic and pathway-profiling technologies integrate to deconvolute the mechanism-of-action of phenotypic hits. We propose that such in-depth mechanistic profiling may support more efficient phenotypic drug discovery strategies that are designed to more appropriately address complex heterogeneous diseases of unmet need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca E Hughes
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Richard J R Elliott
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - John C Dawson
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK
| | - Neil O Carragher
- Cancer Research UK Edinburgh Centre, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH4 2XR, UK.
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16
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Fader KA, Zhang J, Menetski JP, Thadhani RI, Antman EM, Friedman GS, Ramaiah SK, Vaidya VS. A Biomarker-Centric Approach to Drug Discovery and Development: Lessons Learned from the Coronavirus Disease 2019 Pandemic. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 376:12-20. [PMID: 33115823 PMCID: PMC11046728 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Faced with the health and economic consequences of the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the biomedical community came together to identify, diagnose, prevent, and treat the novel disease at breathtaking speeds. The field advanced from a publicly available viral genome to a commercialized globally scalable diagnostic biomarker test in less than 2 months, and first-in-human dosing with vaccines and repurposed antivirals followed shortly thereafter. This unprecedented efficiency was driven by three key factors: 1) international multistakeholder collaborations, 2) widespread data sharing, and 3) flexible regulatory standards tailored to meet the urgency of the situation. Learning from the remarkable success achieved during this public health crisis, we are proposing a biomarker-centric approach throughout the drug development pipeline. Although all therapeutic areas would benefit from end-to-end biomarker science, efforts should be prioritized to areas with the greatest unmet medical needs, including neurodegenerative diseases, chronic lower respiratory diseases, metabolic disorders, and malignant neoplasms. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Faced with the unprecedented threat of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic, the biomedical community collaborated to develop a globally scalable diagnostic biomarker (viral DNA) that catalyzed therapeutic development at breathtaking speeds. Learning from this remarkable efficiency, we propose a multistakeholder biomarker-centric approach to drug development across therapeutic areas with unmet medical needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Fader
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Jiangwei Zhang
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Joseph P Menetski
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Ravi I Thadhani
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Elliott M Antman
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Gary S Friedman
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Shashi K Ramaiah
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
| | - Vishal S Vaidya
- Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts (K.A.F., J.Z., G.S.F., S.K.R., V.S.V.); Foundation for the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland (J.P.M.); Mass General Brigham, Boston, Massachusetts (R.I.T.); and Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts (E.M.A.)
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17
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Modgill V, Dormegny L, Lewis DJ. Reporting rates of adverse reactions to specialty care medicines exhibit a direct positive correlation with patient exposure: A lack of evidence for the Weber effect. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2020; 86:2393-2403. [PMID: 32374028 PMCID: PMC7688531 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS The classical Weber effect describes an increase in adverse reaction (AR) reports after medicinal product authorisation, with a peak in AR reporting at the end of the second year followed by a decline, despite increasing patient exposure. The present study aimed to evaluate the validity of the Weber effect in the context of authorised medicines in a specialty care setting. METHODS Using 6-monthly sales data as a proxy for exposure, the exposure-adjusted reporting rates for AR reports for 10 selected specialty care medicines were plotted against time. These data were also evaluated based on the source of report (solicited or unsolicited) and the nature of the AR contained within the reports (listed or unlisted). Unsolicited reports were analysed against sales volumes. Goodness of fit (R2 ) was calculated and the trend representing the highest R2 was selected. RESULTS Study data comprised a total of 1 222 852 AR reports for 10 specialty care medicines. Amongst all of the products evaluated, none of the associated data represented reporting patterns entirely consistent with the classical Weber effect (see Figure 1). The results, however, showed a systemic direct correlation between AR reporting and sales volumes, especially throughout the first 5 years post-authorisation. CONCLUSION The study not only presents evidence of the absence of the Weber effect with specialty care medicines but also provides a substantial evidence of linear AR reporting correlating with sales volumes, especially during the first 5 years after marketing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Modgill
- Chief Medical Office & Patient Safety, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSWITZERLAND
| | - Léa Dormegny
- Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, FRANCE, Pharmacovigilance Intern, Chief Medical Office & Patient Safety, Novartis Pharma AGBaselSWITZERLAND
| | - David J. Lewis
- Department of Clinical & Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of HertfordshireHatfieldEngland
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18
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Computer-Aided Estimation of Biological Activity Profiles of Drug-Like Compounds Taking into Account Their Metabolism in Human Body. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207492. [PMID: 33050610 PMCID: PMC7593915 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Most pharmaceutical substances interact with several or even many molecular targets in the organism, determining the complex profiles of their biological activity. Moreover, due to biotransformation in the human body, they form one or several metabolites with different biological activity profiles. Therefore, the development and rational use of novel drugs requires the analysis of their biological activity profiles, taking into account metabolism in the human body. In silico methods are currently widely used for estimating new drug-like compounds' interactions with pharmacological targets and predicting their metabolic transformations. In this study, we consider the estimation of the biological activity profiles of organic compounds, taking into account the action of both the parent molecule and its metabolites in the human body. We used an external dataset that consists of 864 parent compounds with known metabolites. It is shown that the complex assessment of active pharmaceutical ingredients' interactions with the human organism increases the quality of computer-aided estimates. The toxic and adverse effects showed the most significant difference: reaching 0.16 for recall and 0.14 for precision.
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19
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Woods N, MacLoughlin R. Defining a Regulatory Strategy for ATMP/Aerosol Delivery Device Combinations in the Treatment of Respiratory Disease. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:E922. [PMID: 32993197 PMCID: PMC7601063 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12100922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced Therapeutic Medicinal Products (ATMP) are a heterogenous group of investigational medicinal products at the forefront of innovative therapies with direct applicability in respiratory diseases. ATMPs include, but are not limited to, stem cells, their secretome, or extracellular vesicles, and each have shown some potential when delivered topically within the lung. This review focuses on that subset of ATMPs. One key mode of delivery that has enabling potential in ATMP validation is aerosol-mediated delivery. The selection of the most appropriate aerosol generator technology is influenced by several key factors, including formulation, patient type, patient intervention, and healthcare economics. The aerosol-mediated delivery of ATMPs has shown promise for the treatment of both chronic and acute respiratory disease in pre-clinical and clinical trials; however, in order for these ATMP device combinations to translate from the bench through to commercialization, they must meet the requirements set out by the various global regulatory bodies. In this review, we detail the potential for ATMP utility in the lungs and propose the nebulization of ATMPs as a viable route of administration in certain circumstances. Further, we provide insight to the current regulatory guidance for nascent ATMP device combination product development within the EU and US.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niamh Woods
- College of Medicine, Nursing & Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, H91 TK33 Galway, Ireland;
| | - Ronan MacLoughlin
- School of Pharmacy & Biomolecular Sciences, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, D02 YN77 Dublin, Ireland
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Trinity College, D02 PN40 Dublin, Ireland
- Aerogen Ltd., Galway Business Park, H91 HE94 Galway, Ireland
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20
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Immunotherapy with CAR-T cells in paediatric haematology-oncology. ANALES DE PEDIATRÍA (ENGLISH EDITION) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anpede.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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21
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Ruggiero R, Fraenza F, Scavone C, di Mauro G, Piscitelli R, Mascolo A, Ferrajolo C, Rafaniello C, Sportiello L, Rossi F, Capuano A. Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Immune-Related Adverse Drug Reactions: Data From Italian Pharmacovigilance Database. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:830. [PMID: 32581796 PMCID: PMC7295943 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in clinical practice has brought significant benefits for patients. Seven ICIs are available in Europe: nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, cemiplimab, and ipilimumab. Despite their proven clinical efficacy, these innovative drugs may cause serious immune-related adverse drugs reactions (irADRs). Given the significance of these ADRs for patients' health, we analyzed individual case safety reports (ICSRs) related to ICIs, focusing on those reporting irADRs, collected in the Italian spontaneous reporting database. METHODS We analyzed ICI-induced irADRs collected in the Italian Pharmacovigilance database (Rete Nazionale di Farmacovigilanza [RNF]) from January 1, 2002, to February 28, 2019, focusing on those reported in the Campania Region. We retrieved from an open-access Italian pharmacovigilance system, the RAM system (for national safety data), and from the RNF (for Campania safety data) all ICSRs reporting ADRs related to ICIs authorized until the analysis date. Focusing on irADRs, we performed descriptive and disproportionality analyses through the reporting odds ratio (ROR) with 95% confidence interval. RESULTS National results. Among 2,088 ICI-related ICSRs, 801 reported irADRs. The majority of such ADRs occurred in male patients reporting gastrointestinal and skin toxicities. Nivolumab and pembrolizumab were drugs most commonly reported as suspect drugs. Compared to other ICIs, ROR was statistically significant for pembrolizumab and ipilimumab.Campania Region results. Out of 253 ICI-related ICSRs sent to Regional Pharmacovigilance Center of Campania Region, 121 reported at least one ICI-induced irADR. These were serious in 37.2% of cases and had an unfavorable outcome in 32.2% of cases. Overall, out of 8 ICSRs reported ADR with a fatal outcome, four reported irADRs. From disproportionality analyses on Campania Region ICSRs, statistically significant ROR emerged only for ipilimumab. CONCLUSIONS Our results showed that during the study period several serious irADRs were reported, some of which had fatal outcome. Given the clinical relevance of irADRs, further investigations in real-life context are necessary for a better characterization of ICIs safety profiles. Oncologists should be trained to early recognize and adequately manage irADRs. Patients should also be educated to immediately report any new symptom or worsening of pre-existed ones during the ICI treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristina Scavone
- Campania Regional Centre for Pharmacovigilance and Pharmacoepidemiology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Pharmacology “L. Donatelli”, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Naples, Italy
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22
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Tyson RJ, Park CC, Powell JR, Patterson JH, Weiner D, Watkins PB, Gonzalez D. Precision Dosing Priority Criteria: Drug, Disease, and Patient Population Variables. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:420. [PMID: 32390828 PMCID: PMC7188913 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The administered dose of a drug modulates whether patients will experience optimal effectiveness, toxicity including death, or no effect at all. Dosing is particularly important for diseases and/or drugs where the drug can decrease severe morbidity or prolong life. Likewise, dosing is important where the drug can cause death or severe morbidity. Since we believe there are many examples where more precise dosing could benefit patients, it is worthwhile to consider how to prioritize drug-disease targets. One key consideration is the quality of information available from which more precise dosing recommendations can be constructed. When a new more precise dosing scheme is created and differs significantly from the approved label, it is important to consider the level of proof necessary to either change the label and/or change clinical practice. The cost and effort needed to provide this proof should also be considered in prioritizing drug-disease precision dosing targets. Although precision dosing is being promoted and has great promise, it is underutilized in many drugs and disease states. Therefore, we believe it is important to consider how more precise dosing is going to be delivered to high priority patients in a timely manner. If better dosing schemes do not change clinical practice resulting in better patient outcomes, then what is the use? This review paper discusses variables to consider when prioritizing precision dosing candidates while highlighting key examples of precision dosing that have been successfully used to improve patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel J. Tyson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Christine C. Park
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. Robert Powell
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - J. Herbert Patterson
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Weiner
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Paul B. Watkins
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Institute for Drug Safety Sciences, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Daniel Gonzalez
- Division of Pharmacotherapy and Experimental Therapeutics, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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23
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Mirones I, Moreno L, Patiño-García A, Lizeaga G, Moraleda JM, Toribio ML, Pérez-Martínez A. [Immunotherapy with CAR-T cells in paediatric haematology-oncology]. An Pediatr (Barc) 2020; 93:59.e1-59.e10. [PMID: 32107177 DOI: 10.1016/j.anpedi.2019.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Revised: 12/26/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite being a rare disease, cancer is the first cause of mortality due to disease during the paediatric age in the developed countries. The current, great increase in new treatments, such as immunotherapy, constitutes a new clinical and regulatory paradigm. Cellular immunotherapy is one of these types of immunotherapy. In particular, the advanced therapy drugs with chimeric antigen receptors in the T-lymphocytes (CAR-T), and particularly the CAR-T19 cells, has opened up a new scenario in the approach to haematology tumours like acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and the B-Cell lymphomas. The approval of tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel by the regulatory authorities has led to the setting up of the National Plan for Advanced Therapies-CAR-T drugs in Spain. There is evidence of, not only the advantage of identifying the centres most suitable for their administration, but also the need for these to undergo a profound change in order that their healthcare activity is extended, in some cases, to the ability for the in-house manufacture of these types of therapies. The hospitals specialised in paediatric haematology-oncology thus have the challenge of progressing towards a healthcare model that integrates cellular immunotherapy, having the appropriate capacity to manage all aspects relative to their use, manufacture, and administration of these new treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Mirones
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional y Terapias Avanzadas, Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España
| | - Lucas Moreno
- Servicio de Hemato-Oncolología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, España
| | - Ana Patiño-García
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IDISNA), Pamplona, España. Programa de Tumores Sólidos y Biomarcadores, Fundación para la Investigación Médica Aplicada, Pamplona, España. Departamento de Pediatría, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, España
| | - Garbiñe Lizeaga
- Servicio de Farmacia, Hospital Universitario Donostia, San Sebastián, Guipúzcoa, España
| | - José M Moraleda
- Sección de Hemato-Oncolología Pediátrica, Unidad de TPH y Terapia Celular, Servicio de Hematología, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, España. Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Universidad de Murcia, Murcia, España
| | - María Luisa Toribio
- Programa Interacciones con el Ambiente, Unidad Desarrollo y Función del Sistema Inmunitario, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Madrid, España
| | - Antonio Pérez-Martínez
- Unidad de Investigación Traslacional en Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Trasplante de Progenitores Hematopoyéticos y Terapia Celular, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España. Servicio de Hemato-Oncología Pediátrica, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, España.
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FDA and EMA Approvals of New Breast Cancer Drugs-A Comparative Regulatory Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020437. [PMID: 32069837 PMCID: PMC7072445 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide and the solid tumor type for which the highest number of drugs have been approved to date. This study examines new drug approvals for breast cancer by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Medicines Agency (EMA), based on an analysis of regulatory documents from both agencies for the period from 1995 to 2018. Of the 29 breast cancer drugs approved over this time span, 17 received positive decisions from both the FDA and EMA, including all drugs licensed after 2008. Nineteen of the 25 FDA-approved drugs, but none of the EMA approvals, benefited from special regulatory pathways (such as fast track, breakthrough therapy, or priority review). In the U.S.A., four accelerated approvals were granted (of which one, for bevacizumab, was later revoked), while only two drugs received provisional approvals following EMA review. New breast cancer drugs were approved approximately twelve months earlier in the United States than in Europe. These results suggest that a broader use of special regulatory pathways by EMA could help to accelerate access to novel drugs for European breast cancer patients.
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Pontes C, Zara C, Torrent-Farnell J, Obach M, Nadal C, Vella-Bonanno P, Ermisch M, Simoens S, Hauegen RC, Gulbinovic J, Timoney A, Martin AP, Mueller T, Nachtnebel A, Campbell S, Selke G, Bochenek T, Rothe CC, Mardare I, Bennie M, Fürst J, Malmstrom RE, Godman B. Time to Review Authorisation and Funding for New Cancer Medicines in Europe? Inferences from the Case of Olaratumab. APPLIED HEALTH ECONOMICS AND HEALTH POLICY 2020; 18:5-16. [PMID: 31696433 DOI: 10.1007/s40258-019-00527-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The potential benefits of early patient access to new medicines in areas of high unmet medical need are recognised, but uncertainties concerning effectiveness, safety and added value when new medicines are authorised, and subsequently funded based on initial preliminary data only, have important implications. In 2016 olaratumab received accelerated conditional approval from both the European Medicines Agency and the US Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma, based on the claims of a substantial reduction in the risk of death with an 11.8-month improvement in median overall survival in a phase II trial in combination with doxorubicin vs. doxorubicin alone. The failure to confirm these benefits in the post-authorisation pivotal trial has highlighted key concerns regarding early access and conditional approvals for new medicines. Concerns include potentially considerable clinical and economic costs, so that patients may have received suboptimal treatment and any money spent has foregone the opportunity to improve access to effective treatments. As a result, it seems reasonable to reconsider current marketing authorisation models and approaches. Potential pathways forward include closer collaboration between regulators, pharmaceutical companies and payers to enhance the generation of rapid and comparative confirmatory trials in a safe and fair manner, with minimal patient exposure as required to achieve robust evidence. Additionally, it may be time to review early access systems, and to explore new avenues regarding who should pay or part pay for new treatments whilst information is being collected as part of any obligations for conditional marketing authorisation. Greater co-operation between countries regarding the collection of data in routine clinical care, and further research on post-marketing data analysis and interpretation, may also contribute to improved appraisal and continued access to new innovative cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caridad Pontes
- Drug Area, Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts 131, Edifici Olimpia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Corinne Zara
- Drug Area, Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts 131, Edifici Olimpia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Torrent-Farnell
- Drug Area, Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts 131, Edifici Olimpia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Pharmacology, Therapeutics and Toxicology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Merce Obach
- Drug Area, Catalan Health Service, Travessera de les Corts 131, Edifici Olimpia, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Patricia Vella-Bonanno
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Michael Ermisch
- Pharmaceutical Department, National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Funds, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven Simoens
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Renata Curi Hauegen
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Innovation on Diseases of Neglected Populations (INCT-IDPN), Center for Technological Development in Health (CDTS), Osvaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jolanta Gulbinovic
- Department of Pathology, Forensic Medicine and Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Angela Timoney
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Antony P Martin
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK
| | - Tanja Mueller
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Anna Nachtnebel
- Hauptverband der Österreichischen Sozialversicherungsträger, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephen Campbell
- Centre for Primary Care, Division of Population Health, Health Services Research and Primary Care, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- NIHR Greater Manchester Patient Safety Translational Research Centre, School of Health Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Gisbert Selke
- Wissenschaftliches Institut der AOK (WidO), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tomasz Bochenek
- Department of Drug Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Celia C Rothe
- Department of Drug Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ileana Mardare
- Department of Public Health and Management, Faculty of Medicine, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Marion Bennie
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
| | - Jurij Fürst
- Health Insurance Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rickard E Malmstrom
- Department of Medicine Solna, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Solna, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Brian Godman
- Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK
- Health Economics Centre, University of Liverpool Management School, Liverpool, UK
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Karolinska Institute, Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
- School of Pharmacy, Sefako Makgatho Health Sciences University, Ga-Rankuwa, South Africa
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Iskrov G, Vasilev G, Stefanov R. What could gene therapies learn from orphan drugs’ post-regulatory approval access in the EU? Expert Opin Orphan Drugs 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21678707.2019.1663171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georgi Iskrov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute for Rare Diseases, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Georgi Vasilev
- Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Rumen Stefanov
- Department of Social Medicine and Public Health, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Institute for Rare Diseases, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Ebbers HC, Pieper B, Issa A, Addison J, Freudensprung U, Rezk MF. Real-World Evidence on Etanercept Biosimilar SB4 in Etanercept-Naïve or Switching Patients: A Systematic Review. Rheumatol Ther 2019; 6:317-338. [PMID: 31385263 PMCID: PMC6702587 DOI: 10.1007/s40744-019-00169-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2016, SB4 (Benepali®) became the first etanercept (ETN) biosimilar to obtain marketing authorisation in Europe. Despite robust analytical and clinical comparisons, outstanding questions remain on SB4 use in routine practice. METHODS A systematic search for publications on real-world evidence of SB4 effectiveness, safety and drug survival was undertaken using search terms (SB4 OR Benepali OR biosimilar etanercept OR innovator etanercept) in the BIOSIS® Toxicology, BIOSIS Previews®, Embase® and MEDLINE® databases up to 17 January 2019. RESULTS Of 959 articles identified, eight journal articles, two journal letters and 23 congress abstracts were selected on criteria of original real-world evidence with a clinical focus. As expected with real-world evidence, quality scoring showed that the evidence had high external validity but lower internal validity. A total of 13,552 patients were described across nine European countries and all approved SB4 indications: 2499 were ETN-naïve and 11,053 switched from reference ETN to SB4 (switchers). Switch acceptance rates (a combination of clinicians offering and patients accepting initiation on SB4) ranged between 51.6% and 99.0%; patient support programmes positively contributed to acceptance. Disease activity was generally similar pre- and post-switch (typically 3-month timeframe). Retention rates across studies were at least 75% (up to 12 months follow-up). No new safety signals were identified. Differences in discontinuation rates versus historic controls reported in some studies may have been influenced by differences in treatment practices, lack of clinician confidence and nocebo effects. CONCLUSION Nearly 2500 ETN-naïve patients have been initiated on SB4 and outcomes are similar to those patients receiving reference ETN. Overall this systematic review of real-world evidence provides additional reassurance that SB4 is as effective and safe as reference ETN in both switched and naïve patients. FUNDING Biogen International GmbH.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Amine Issa
- Biogen International GmbH, Baar, Switzerland
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