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He Z, Li P, Liu P, Xu P. Exploring stachydrine: from natural occurrence to biological activities and metabolic pathways. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1442879. [PMID: 39170783 PMCID: PMC11337228 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1442879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024]
Abstract
Stachydrine, also known as proline betaine, is a prominent constituent of traditional Chinese herb Leonurus japonicus, renowned for its significant pharmacological effects. Widely distributed in plants like Leonurus and Citrus aurantium, as well as various bacteria, stachydrine serves pivotal physiological functions across animal, plant, and bacterial kingdoms. This review aims to summarizes diverse roles and mechanisms of stachydrine in addressing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, neuroprotection, anticancer activity, uterine regulation, anti-inflammatory response, obesity management, and respiratory ailments. Notably, stachydrine exhibits cardioprotective effects via multiple pathways encompassing anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and modulation of calcium handling functions. Furthermore, its anti-cancer properties inhibit proliferation and migration of numerous cancer cell types. With a bi-directional regulatory effect on uterine function, stachydrine holds promise for obstetrics and gynecology-related disorders. In plants, stachydrine serves as a secondary metabolite, contributing to osmotic pressure regulation, nitrogen fixation, pest resistance, and stress response. Similarly, in bacteria, it plays a crucial osmoprotective role, facilitating adaptation to high osmotic pressure environments. This review also addresses ongoing research on the anabolic metabolism of stachydrine. While the biosynthetic pathway remains incompletely understood, the metabolic pathway is well-established. A deeper understanding of stachydrine biosynthesis holds significance for elucidating its mechanism of action, advancing the study of plant secondary metabolism, enhancing drug quality control, and fostering new drug development endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zekun He
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Pan Liu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Xu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
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Feng M, Chen Y, Chen J, Guo W, Zhao P, Zhang C, Shan X, Chen H, Xu M, Lu R. Stachydrine hydrochloride protects the ischemic heart by ameliorating endoplasmic reticulum stress through a SERCA2a dependent way and maintaining intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 973:176585. [PMID: 38636799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effects and mechanism of action of stachydrine hydrochloride (Sta) against myocardial infarction (MI) through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum stress-related injury. The targets of Sta against MI were screened using network pharmacology. C57BL/6 J mice after MI were treated with saline, Sta (6 or 12 mg kg-1) for 2 weeks, and adult mouse and neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (AMCMs and NRCMs) were incubated with Sta (10-4-10-6 M) under normoxia or hypoxia for 2 or 12 h, respectively. Echocardiography, Evans blue, and 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining were used for morphological and functional analyses. Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), unfolded protein reaction (UPR), apoptosis signals, cardiomyocyte contraction, and Ca2+ flux were detected using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), western blotting, immunofluorescence, and sarcomere and Fluo-4 tracing. The ingredient-disease-pathway-target network revealed targets of Sta against MI were related to apoptosis, Ca2+ homeostasis and ERS. Both dosages of Sta improved heart function, decreased infarction size, and potentially increased the survival rate. Sta directly alleviated ERS and UPR and elicited less apoptosis in the border myocardium and hypoxic NRCMs. Furthermore, Sta upregulated sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase 2a (SERCA2a) in both ischaemic hearts and hypoxic NRCMs, accompanied by restored sarcomere shortening, resting intracellular Ca2+, and Ca2+ reuptake time constants (Tau) in Sta-treated hypoxic ARCMs. However, 2,5-di-t-butyl-1,4-benzohydroquinone (BHQ) (25 μM), a specific SERCA inhibitor, totally abolished the beneficial effect of Sta in hypoxic cardiomyocytes. Sta protects the heart from MI by upregulating SERCA2a to maintain intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, thus alleviating ERS-induced apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Feng
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingzhi Chen
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Zhu X, Wu Y, Zhang X, Gu W, Ning Z. Stachydrine ameliorates hypoxia reoxygenation injury of cardiomyocyte via enhancing SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway. J Cardiothorac Surg 2023; 18:265. [PMID: 37752609 PMCID: PMC10521545 DOI: 10.1186/s13019-023-02363-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R)-induced cardiomyocyte cell apoptosis is critical in developing myocardial infarction. Stachydrine (STA), an active constituent of Leonurus heterophyllus sweet, could have a protective effect on myocardial H/R injury, which remains unexplored. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the protective effects and mechanisms of STA on H/R injury of cardiomyocytes. METHODS Rat cardiomyocyte H9c2 cells underwent H/R (hypoxia for 4 h and reoxygenation for 12 h). Cells were pretreated with STA (50 µM) 2 h before H/R. Cardiomyocyte injury was evaluated by CCK-8 assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Apoptosis was assessed by TUNEL staining and caspase-3 activity. Oxidative stress was assessed by lipid oxidation product MDA and a ROS-scavenging enzyme SOD in culture media. Western blot was performed to measure the protein expressions of SIRT1, Nrf2, and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). RESULTS STA reversed the decrease in cell viability and increased LDH release in H9c2 cells with the H/R insult. STA significantly suppressed oxidative stress, reduced MDA content, and increased SOD activity in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R. STA reduced apoptosis in H9c2 cells exposed to H/R, as evidenced by the reduced TUNEL positive cells and caspase-3 activity. In addition, STA enhanced SIRT1, Nrf2, and HO-1 protein expression in H/R-stimulated H9c2 cells. SIRT1 and Nrf2 involved the protective effect of STA in H/R-exposed H9c2 cells, as the changes in cell viability and caspase-3 activity by STA can be reversed by SIRT1 inhibitor EX-527 or Nrf2 siRNA. CONCLUSIONS Our data speculated that STA protects H/R injury and inhibits oxidative stress and apoptosis in cardiomyocytes by activation of the SIRT1-Nrf2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yingbiao Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Wei Gu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Zhongping Ning
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai University of Medicine & Health Sciences affiliated Zhoupu Hospital, No.1500 Zhouyuan Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201318, China.
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Lu S, Liang Y, Yang S, Fu M, Shan X, Zhang C, Chen H, Zhao P, Lu R. Stachydrine Hydrochloride Regulates the NOX2-ROS-Signaling Axis in Pressure-Overload-Induced Heart Failure. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14369. [PMID: 37762672 PMCID: PMC10531983 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Our previous studies revealed the protection of stachydrine hydrochloride (STA) against cardiopathological remodeling. One of the underlying mechanisms involves the calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CaMKII). However, the way STA influences CaMKII needs to be further investigated. The nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 2 (NOX2)-coupled reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction putatively induces the oxidative activation of CaMKII, resulting in the occurrence of pathological cardiac remodeling and dysfunction in experimental models of mice. Thus, in this study, we assessed the role of the NOX2-ROS signal axis in STA cardioprotection. The transverse aortic constriction (TAC)-induced heart failure model of mice, the phenylephrine-induced hypertrophic model of neonatal rat primary cardiomyocytes, and the H2O2-induced oxidative stress models of adult mouse primary cardiomyocytes and H9c2 cells were employed. The echocardiography and histological staining were applied to assess the cardiac effect of STA (6 mg/kg/d or 12 mg/kg/d), which was given by gavage. NOX2, ROS, and excitation-contraction (EC) coupling were detected by Western blotting, immunofluorescence, and calcium transient-contraction synchronous recordings. ROS and ROS-dependent cardiac fibrosis were alleviated in STA-treated TAC mice, demonstrating improved left ventricular ejection fraction and hypertrophy. In the heart failure model of mice and the hypertrophic model of cardiomyocytes, STA depressed NOX2 protein expression and activation, as shown by inhibited translocation of its phosphorylation, p67phox and p47phox, from the cytoplasm to the cell membrane. Furthermore, in cardiomyocytes under oxidative stress, STA suppressed NOX2-related cytosolic Ca2+ overload, enhanced cell contractility, and decreased Ca2+-dependent regulatory protein expression, including CaMKⅡ and Ryanodine receptor calcium release channels. Cardioprotection of STA against pressure overload-induced pathological cardiac remodeling correlates with the NOX2-coupled ROS signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Yueyang Liang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Songru Yang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Mengwei Fu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- Public Experiment Platform, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Intergrative Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Huihua Chen
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
| | - Pei Zhao
- Public Experiment Platform, School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China;
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, SHUTCM, Shanghai 201203, China; (S.L.); (Y.L.); (S.Y.); (M.F.); (H.C.)
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Ijichi T, Sundararaman N, Martin TG, Pandey R, Koronyo E, Kirk JA, Marbán E, Van Eyk JE, Fert-Bober J. Peptidyl arginine deiminase inhibition alleviates angiotensin II-induced fibrosis. Am J Transl Res 2023; 15:4558-4572. [PMID: 37560217 PMCID: PMC10408542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The conversion of protein arginine residues to citrulline by calcium-dependent peptidyl arginine deiminases (PADs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several diseases, indicating that PADs are therapeutic targets. A recent study indicated that PAD4 regulates age-related organ fibrosis and dysfunction; however, the specific role of this PAD and its citrullination substrate remains unclear. We investigated whether pharmacological inhibition of PAD activity could affect the progression of fibrosis and restore heart function. METHODS Cardiac hypertrophy was induced by chronic infusion of angiotensin (Ang) II. After 2 weeks of AngII infusion, a PAD inhibitor (Cl-amidine hydrochloride) or vehicle (saline) was injected every other day for the next 14 days together with the continued administration of AngII for a total of up to 28 days. Cardiac fibrosis and remodeling were evaluated by quantitative heart tissue histology, echocardiography, and mass spectrometry. RESULTS A reverse AngII-induced effect was observed in PAD inhibitor-treated mice (n=6) compared with AngII vehicle-treated mice, as indicated by a significant reduction in the heart/body ratio (AngII: 6.51±0.8 mg/g vs. Cl-amidine: 5.27±0.6 mg/g), a reduction in fibrosis (AngII: 2.1-fold increased vs. Cl-amidine: 1.8-fold increased), and a reduction in left ventricular posterior wall diastole (LWVPd) (AngII: 1.1±0.04 vs. Cl-amidine: 0.78±0.02 mm). Label-free quantitative proteomics analysis of heart tissue indicated that proteins involved in fibrosis (e.g., periostin), cytoskeleton organization (e.g., transgelin), and remodeling (e.g., myosin light chain, carbonic anhydrase) were normalized by Cl-amidine treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PAD may be an effective strategy to attenuate cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Ijichi
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Tokai UniversityIsehara, Kanagawa 259-1193, Japan
| | - Niveda Sundararaman
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Thomas G Martin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywood, IL 60153, The United States
| | - Rakhi Pandey
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Etai Koronyo
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Jonathan A Kirk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago Stritch School of MedicineMaywood, IL 60153, The United States
| | - Eduardo Marbán
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Jennifer E Van Eyk
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
| | - Justyna Fert-Bober
- Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
- Advanced Clinical Biosystems Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical CenterLos Angeles, CA 90048, The United States
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Sun Y, Xia X, Yuan G, Zhang T, Deng B, Feng X, Wang Q. Stachydrine, a Bioactive Equilibrist for Synephrine, Identified from Four Citrus Chinese Herbs. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28093813. [PMID: 37175222 PMCID: PMC10180305 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28093813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Four Chinese herbs from the Citrus genus, namely Aurantii Fructus Immaturus (Zhishi), Aurantii Fructus (Zhiqiao), Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium Viride (Qingpi) and Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (Chenpi), are widely used for treating various cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases. Many ingredients have already been identified from these herbs, and their various bioactivities provide some interpretations for the pharmacological functions of these herbs. However, the complex functions of these herbs imply undisclosed cholinergic activity. To discover some ingredients with cholinergic activity and further clarify possible reasons for the complex pharmacological functions presented by these herbs, depending on the extended structure-activity relationships of cholinergic and anti-cholinergic agents, a simple method was established here for quickly discovering possible choline analogs using a specific TLC method, and then stachydrine and choline were first identified from these Citrus herb decoctions based on their NMR and HRMS data. After this, two TLC scanning (TLCS) methods were first established for the quantitative analyses of stachydrine and choline, and the contents of the two ingredients and synephrine in 39 samples were determined using the valid TLCS and HPLC methods, respectively. The results showed that the contents of stachydrine (3.04‱) were 2.4 times greater than those of synephrine (1.25‱) in Zhiqiao and about one-third to two-thirds of those of Zhishi, Qingpi and Chenpi. Simultaneously, the contents of stachydrine, choline and synephrine in these herbs present similar decreasing trends with the delay of harvest time; e.g., those of stachydrine decrease from 5.16‱ (Zhishi) to 3.04‱ (Zhike) and from 1.98‱ (Qingpi) to 1.68‱ (Chenpi). Differently, the contents of synephrine decrease the fastest, while those of stachydrine decrease the slowest. Based on these results, compared with the pharmacological activities and pharmacokinetics reported for stachydrine and synephrine, it is indicated that stachydrine can be considered as a bioactive equilibrist for synephrine, especially in the cardio-cerebrovascular protection from these citrus herbs. Additionally, the results confirmed that stachydrine plays an important role in the pharmacological functions of these citrus herbs, especially in dual-directionally regulating the uterus, and in various beneficial effects on the cardio-cerebrovascular system, kidneys and liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Sun
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xuexue Xia
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Ganjun Yuan
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tongke Zhang
- Biotechnological Engineering Center for Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Beibei Deng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Xinyu Feng
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Qixuan Wang
- Laboratory of Natural Medicine and Microbiological Drug, College of Bioscience and Bioengineering, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Liao L, Tang Y, Li B, Tang J, Xu H, Zhao K, Zhang X. Stachydrine, a potential drug for the treatment of cardiovascular system and central nervous system diseases. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 161:114489. [PMID: 36940619 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and poses at significant challenge in terms of effective medical treatment. Leonurus japonicus Houtt, a traditional Chinese herb, is widely used in China for the treatment of obstetrical and gynecological disorders, including menstrual disorders, dysmenorrhea, amenorrhea, blood stasis, postpartum bleeding, and blood-related diseases such as CVD. Stachydrine, the main alkaloid component of Leonurus, has been shown to exhibit a wide range of biological activities including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-coagulant, anti-apoptotic, vasodilator, angiogenic promoter. Additionally, it has been demonstrated to have unique advantages in the prevention and treatment of CVD through regulation of various disease-related signaling pathways and molecular targets. In this comprehensive review, we examine the latest pharmacological effects and molecular mechanisms of Stachydrine in treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Our aim is to solid scientific basis for the development of new CVD drug formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liao
- Yibin Second People's Hospital - Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China.
| | - Yan Tang
- Yibin Second People's Hospital - Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Bo Li
- Third Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu Pidu District People's Hospital, Chengdu 611700, China
| | - Jing Tang
- Yibin Second People's Hospital - Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Hone Xu
- Yibin Second People's Hospital - Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Ke Zhao
- Yibin Second People's Hospital - Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhang
- Yibin Second People's Hospital - Yibin Hospital of West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Yibin 644000, China.
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Sánchez-Aguilar M, Ibarra-Lara L, Cano-Martínez A, Soria-Castro E, Castrejón-Téllez V, Pavón N, Osorio-Yáñez C, Díaz-Díaz E, Rubio-Ruíz ME. PPAR Alpha Activation by Clofibrate Alleviates Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Metabolic Syndrome Rats by Decreasing Cardiac Inflammation and Remodeling and by Regulating the Atrial Natriuretic Peptide Compensatory Response. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065321. [PMID: 36982395 PMCID: PMC10049157 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of factors that increase the risk of developing diabetes, stroke, and heart failure. The pathophysiology of injury by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) is highly complex and the inflammatory condition plays an important role by increasing matrix remodeling and cardiac apoptosis. Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are cardiac hormones with numerous beneficial effects mainly mediated by a cell surface receptor named atrial natriuretic peptide receptor (ANPr). Although NPs are powerful clinical markers of cardiac failure, their role in I/R is still controversial. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α agonists exert cardiovascular therapeutic actions; however, their effect on the NPs’ signaling pathway has not been extensively studied. Our study provides important insight into the regulation of both ANP and ANPr in the hearts of MetS rats and their association with the inflammatory conditions caused by damage from I/R. Moreover, we show that pre-treatment with clofibrate was able to decrease the inflammatory response that, in turn, decreases myocardial fibrosis, the expression of metalloprotease 2 and apoptosis. Treatment with clofibrate is also associated with a decrease in ANP and ANPr expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Sánchez-Aguilar
- Department of Pharmacology, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (L.I.-L.); (N.P.)
| | - Luz Ibarra-Lara
- Department of Pharmacology, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (L.I.-L.); (N.P.)
| | - Agustina Cano-Martínez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Elizabeth Soria-Castro
- Department of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico;
| | - Vicente Castrejón-Téllez
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (V.C.-T.)
| | - Natalia Pavón
- Department of Pharmacology, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico; (M.S.-A.); (L.I.-L.); (N.P.)
| | - Citlalli Osorio-Yáñez
- Departamento de Medicina Genómica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Apartado Postal 70228, Ciudad de México 04510, Mexico;
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Cardiovascular y Transplante Renal, Unidad de Investigación UNAM-INCICH, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico
| | - Eulises Díaz-Díaz
- Department of Reproductive Biology, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y de la Nutrición “Salvador Zubirán”, Vasco de Quiroga 15, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14000, Mexico;
| | - María Esther Rubio-Ruíz
- Department of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, México City 14080, Mexico; (A.C.-M.); (V.C.-T.)
- Correspondence:
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Liu M, Long X, Xu J, Chen M, Yang H, Guo X, Kang J, Ouyang Y, Luo G, Yang S, Zhou H. Hypertensive heart disease and myocardial fibrosis: How traditional Chinese medicine can help addressing unmet therapeutical needs. Pharmacol Res 2022; 185:106515. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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10
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Jung TW, Kim H, Park SY, Cho W, Oh H, Lee HJ, Abd El-Aty AM, Hacimuftuoglu A, Jeong JH. Stachydrine alleviates lipid-induced skeletal muscle insulin resistance via AMPK/HO-1-mediated suppression of inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2181-2191. [PMID: 35834165 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01866-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insulin resistance develops due to skeletal muscle inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Stachydrine (STA), extracted from Leonurus heterophyllus, has been shown to suppress proliferation and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells and exert anti-inflammatory properties in the brain, heart, and liver. However, the roles of STA in insulin signaling in skeletal muscle remain unclear. Herein, we examined the impacts of STA on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle under hyperlipidemic conditions and its related molecular mechanisms. METHODS Various protein expression levels were determined by Western blotting. Levels of mouse serum cytokines were measured by ELISA. RESULTS We found that STA-ameliorated inflammation and ER stress, leading to attenuation of insulin resistance in palmitate-treated C2C12 myocytes. STA dose-dependently enhanced AMPK phosphorylation and HO-1 expression. Administration of STA attenuated not only insulin resistance but also inflammation and ER stress in the skeletal muscle of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. Additionally, STA-ameliorated glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity, as well as serum TNFα and MCP-1, in mice fed a HFD. Small interfering (si) RNA-associated suppression of AMPK or HO-1 expression abolished the effects of STA in C2C12 myocytes. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that STA activates AMPK/HO-1 signaling, resulting in reduced inflammation and ER stress, thereby improving skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Using STA as a natural ingredient, this research successfully treated insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Jung
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Cho
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H Oh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Lee
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Chung-Ang University Hospital, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A M Abd El-Aty
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - A Hacimuftuoglu
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, Ataturk University, 25240, Erzurum, Türkiye
| | - J H Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Global Innovative Drugs, Graduate School of Chung-Ang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Sun X, Zhou M, Pu J, Wang T. Stachydrine exhibits a novel antiplatelet property and ameliorates platelet-mediated thrombo-inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113184. [PMID: 35679717 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Platelets are versatile anucleate cells involved in thrombosis as well as inflammation. Stachydrine (STA), a major bioactive compound extracted from Motherwort, has multiple pharmacological properties. Nevertheless, the significance of STA in platelet regulation and whether STA could ameliorate platelet-mediated thrombo-inflammation still remain elusive. METHODS Human platelets were used to assess the regulatory effects of STA on platelet activation and interactions with neutrophils in vitro. FeCl3 injury-induced carotid/mesenteric thrombosis and collagen/epinephrine-induced pulmonary thromboembolism model were used to explore whether STA could regulate thrombosis in vivo. Furthermore, a cecal ligation and puncture-induced sepsis model was employed to investigate the role of STA in thrombo-inflammatory diseases. RESULTS STA markedly suppressed platelet activation represented by aggregation, secretion, αIIbβ3-mediated signaling events and calcium mobilization, etc. by inhibiting agonists-induced activation signaling and potentiating cGMP-dependent inhibitory signaling. Mice receiving STA-treated platelets were less susceptible to thrombosis in vivo. In addition, decreased platelet-neutrophil interactions including platelet-neutrophil aggregates and neutrophil extracellular traps, and alleviative sepsis-induced multiorgan damage were observed due to STA-mediated platelet inhibition. CONCLUSION This study suggested the potential therapeutic role of STA in thrombotic and thrombo-inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianting Sun
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Meng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Division of Cardiology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Hematology, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China.
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12
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Chaihongsa N, Maneesai P, Sangartit W, Rattanakanokchai S, Potue P, Khamseekaew J, Bunbupha S, Pakdeechote P. Cardiorenal dysfunction and hypertrophy induced by renal artery occlusion are normalized by galangin treatment in rats. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113231. [PMID: 35687907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Galangin is a polyphenolic compound found in Alpinia officinarum and propolis. This study investigated the effect of galangin on blood pressure, the renin angiotensin system (RAS), cardiac and kidney alterations and oxidative stress in two-kidney one-clipped (2K-1C) hypertensive rats. Hypertension was induced in male Sprague Dawley rats (180-220 g), and the rats were given galangin (30 and 60 mg/kg) and losartan (10 mg/kg) for 4 weeks (n = 8/group). Galangin decreased hypertension and cardiac dysfunction and hypertrophy, which was related to the reducing circulation angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activity and angiotensin II concentration (p < 0.05). These effects were consistent with the reduced overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R), transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) and collagen type I (Col I) protein in cardiac tissue (p < 0.05). Additionally, renal artery occlusion, procedure-induced kidney dysfunction and fibrosis were attenuated in the galangin-treated group. Galangin treatment normalized the overexpression of AT1R and NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox-4) protein and normalized the downregulation of nuclear factor-erythroid Factor 2-related Factor 2 (Nrf-2) and haem oxygenase 1 (HO-1) in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). Galangin exhibited antioxidative effects, as it reduced systemic and tissue oxidative stress markers and increased catalase activity in 2K-1C rats (p < 0.05). In conclusion, galangin attenuated hypertension, renin-angiotensin system activation, cardiorenal damage and oxidative stress induced by renal artery stenosis in rats. These effects might be associated with modulation of the expression of AT1R, TGF-β1 and Col I protein in the heart as well as AT1R/Nox-4 and Nrf-2/HO-1 protein in renal tissue in hypertensive rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisita Chaihongsa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Weerapon Sangartit
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | | | - Prapassorn Potue
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Juthamas Khamseekaew
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
| | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44000, Thailand.
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand.
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13
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Hu P, Guo S, Yang S, Wang S, Wang S, Shan X, Zhao P, Guo W, Xu M, Zhang C, Lu R, Chen H. Stachytine Hydrochloride Improves Cardiac Function in Mice with ISO-Induced Heart Failure by Inhibiting the α-1,6-Fucosylation on N-Glycosylation of β1AR. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:834192. [PMID: 35211008 PMCID: PMC8861427 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.834192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Cardiovascular diseases have become a major public health problem that seriously threatens human health. The cumulative effects of various cardiovascular events will eventually develop into chronic heart insufficiency and even heart failure, and the β1 adrenergic receptor signal pathway plays an important role in this process. Stachytine hydrochloride is the main active ingredient of Yimucao, which is a traditional Chinese medicine used to treat gynecological diseases. Modern studies have found that stachytine hydrochloride has a good cardioprotective effect, but it is still unclear whether stachytine hydrochloride has an effect on the β1 adrenergic receptor signal pathway. The purpose of this study is to explore the effect of stachytine hydrochloride on the β1 adrenergic receptor signal pathway. Method: In this study, a continuous infusion of isoproterenol (40 mg/kg/day) was administered to mice and ventricular myocytes explored the potential mechanism of stachytine hydrochloride (12 mg/kg/day) on the β1 adrenergic receptor signal pathway in the heart. Evaluate changes in cardiac morphology and function by echocardiography, cardiac hemodynamics, and histological methods, and detect molecular changes by Western blot and immunofluorescence. Treat primary cultured adult mouse or neonatal rat ventricular myocytes with or without isoproterenol (0.1 μMol), PNGase F (10–2 units/ml), and stachytine hydrochloride (10 μMol) at different time points. Detect α-1,6-fucosylation on N-glycosylation, calcium transient, contraction, and relaxation function and related signals. Results: Stachytine hydrochloride reduces cardiac remodeling and modulates hemodynamic parameters during chronic β1 adrenergic receptor activation in vivo. The N-glycosylation of β1 adrenergic receptors decreased after continuous isoproterenol stimulation, while stachytine hydrochloride can increase the N-glycosylation of β1AR in the heart of mice with isoproterenol-induced heart failure. Decreased N-glycosylation of β1 adrenergic receptors will downregulate the cAMP/PKA signal pathway and inhibit myocardial excitation and contraction coupling. Stachytine hydrochloride significantly reduced isoproterenol-induced cardiac N-linked glycoproteins with α-1,6-fucosylation. Conclusion: Our results show that stachytine hydrochloride inhibits the synthesis of α-1,6-fucosylation on the N-terminal sugar chain by reducing α-1,6-fucosyltransferase (FUT8) and α-1,3-mannosyl-glycoprotein 4-β-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase A (MGAT4a), upregulating the N-glycosylation level on β1 adrenergic receptors, and maintaining cAMP/PKA signal pathway activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panwei Hu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuting Guo
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Songru Yang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Sining Wang
- Department of Comprehensive Internal Medicine, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Sai Wang
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Shan
- Public Laboratory Platform, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Pei Zhao
- Public Laboratory Platform, School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Department of Physiology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Lu
- School of Basic Medical Science, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Huihua Chen
- Teaching and Research Department of Basic Theory of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Liu Q, Wang R, Ma N, Wang C, Chen W. Telmisartan inhibits bladder smooth muscle fibrosis in neurogenic bladder rats. Exp Ther Med 2022; 23:216. [PMID: 35126719 PMCID: PMC8796288 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2022.11140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is associated with bladder symptoms. The present study investigated whether an angiotensin receptor blocker could improve the symptoms and pathological changes associated with a neurogenic bladder (NB). A Sprague-Dawley rat model of NB was constructed. Rats in the sham and model groups were gavaged with saline, and rats in the treatment group were gavaged with telmisartan. Urodynamic parameters, including maximum cystometric capacity, residual urine volume, bladder wet weight, bladder compliance and detrusor pressure, were detected. Masson and H&E staining were performed to assess bladder fibrosis and histopathological changes. The expression levels of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), TGF-β1, Collagen I, Collagen III, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were also measured by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR, western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The model rats exhibited symptoms and pathological changes associated with NB. Treatment with telmisartan reduced maximum cystometric capacity, residual urine volume, bladder compliance and bladder wet weight, and increased detrusor pressure in model rats. The tissue staining results showed that telmisartan exerted an antifibrotic effect. In addition, telmisartan inhibited the expression of bFGF, TGF-β1, Collagen I, Collagen III and α-SMA in model rats. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that telmisartan may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Ruoyi Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Nan Ma
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Chuntian Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
| | - Weixiu Chen
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, P.R. China
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15
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Li D, Long Y, Yu S, Shi A, Wan J, Wen J, Li X, Liu S, Zhang Y, Li N, Zheng C, Yang M, Shen L. Research Advances in Cardio-Cerebrovascular Diseases of Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:832673. [PMID: 35173614 PMCID: PMC8841966 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.832673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardio-cerebrovascular diseases (CVDs) are a serious threat to human health and account for 31% of global mortality. Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. (CX) is derived from umbellifer plants. Its rhizome, leaves, and fibrous roots are similar in composition but have different contents. It has been used in Japanese, Korean, and other traditional medicine for over 2000 years. Currently, it is mostly cultivated and has high safety and low side effects. Due to the lack of a systematic summary of the efficacy of CX in the treatment of CVDs, this article describes the material basis, molecular mechanism, and clinical efficacy of CX, as well as its combined application in the treatment of CVDs, and has been summarized from the perspective of safety. In particular, the pharmacological effect of CX in the treatment of CVDs is highlighted from the point of view of its mechanism, and the complex mechanism network has been determined to improve the understanding of CX's multi-link and multi-target therapeutic effects, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and endothelial cells. This article offers a new and modern perspective on the impact of CX on CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Long
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shuang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ai Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jinyan Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoqiu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Songyu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yulu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Nan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Key Laboratory of Modern Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| | - Lin Shen
- Second Affiliated Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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16
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Chen X, Yan N. Stachydrine inhibits TGF-β1-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition in hepatocellular carcinoma cells through the TGF-β/Smad and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Anticancer Drugs 2021; 32:786-792. [PMID: 33675608 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0000000000001066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Stachydrine is a bioactive alkaloid that has been found to exert tumor-suppressive potential. However, the effect of stachydrine on hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has not been previously investigated. In the present study, we investigated the effect of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in HepG2 cells. Our results showed that stachydrine significantly suppressed TGF-β1-induced HepG2 cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. Stachydrine prevented TGF-β1-induced EMT in HepG2 cells, as proved by the increased expression level of E-cadherin and decreased expression levels of N-cadherin and vimentin. In addition, stachydrine attenuated TGF-β1-induced upregulation of TGF-β receptor I (TβRI) in both protein and mRNA levels. Further mechanism investigations proved that stachydrine prevented TGF-β1-induced activation of Smad2/3 and phosphoinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways in HepG2 cells. In conclusion, these findings demonstrated that stachydrine prevented TGF-β1-induced EMT in HCC cells through Smad2/3 and PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathways. Thus, stachydrine might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Preventive Treatment, Xi'an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, China
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17
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Verma K, Pant M, Paliwal S, Dwivedi J, Sharma S. An Insight on Multicentric Signaling of Angiotensin II in Cardiovascular system: A Recent Update. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:734917. [PMID: 34489714 PMCID: PMC8417791 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.734917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The multifaceted nature of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) makes it versatile due to its involvement in pathogenesis of the cardiovascular disease. Angiotensin II (Ang II), a multifaceted member of RAS family is known to have various potential effects. The knowledge of this peptide has immensely ameliorated after meticulous research for decades. Several studies have evidenced angiotensin I receptor (AT1 R) to mediate the majority Ang II-regulated functions in the system. Functional crosstalk between AT1 R mediated signal transduction cascades and other signaling pathways has been recognized. The review will provide an up-to-date information and recent discoveries involved in Ang II receptor signal transduction and their functional significance in the cardiovascular system for potential translation in therapeutics. Moreover, the review also focuses on the role of stem cell-based therapies in the cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Verma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Malvika Pant
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Sarvesh Paliwal
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Jaya Dwivedi
- Department of Chemistry, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
| | - Swapnil Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, Banasthali Vidyapith, Banasthali, India
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18
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Mesenchymal Stem Cells Therapies on Fibrotic Heart Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147447. [PMID: 34299066 PMCID: PMC8307175 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cell therapy is a promising alternative approach to heart diseases. The most prevalent source of multipotent stem cells, usually called somatic or adult stem cells (mesenchymal stromal/stem cells, MSCs) used in clinical trials is bone marrow (BM-MSCs), adipose tissue (AT-MSCs), umbilical cord (UC-MSCs) and placenta. Therapeutic use of MSCs in cardiovascular diseases is based on the benefits in reducing cardiac fibrosis and inflammation that compose the cardiac remodeling responsible for the maintenance of normal function, something which may end up causing progressive and irreversible dysfunction. Many factors lead to cardiac fibrosis and failure, and an effective therapy is lacking to reverse or attenuate this condition. Different approaches have been shown to be promising in surpassing the poor survival of transplanted cells in cardiac tissue to provide cardioprotection and prevent cardiac remodeling. This review includes the description of pre-clinical and clinical investigation of the therapeutic potential of MSCs in improving ventricular dysfunction consequent to diverse cardiac diseases.
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19
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He YL, Wen JG, Pu QS, Wen YB, Zhai RQ, Chen Y, Ma Y, Liu EP, Xing D, Ji FP, Yang XH, Wang QW, Wang Y, Bauer SB. Losartan prevents bladder fibrosis and protects renal function in rat with neurogenic paralysis bladder. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 40:137-146. [PMID: 33606304 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effect of losartan on preventing bladder fibrosis and protecting renal function in rats with neurogenic paralysis bladder (NPB). MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were assigned to the transecting spinal nerves group (TSNG), transecting spinal nerves + losartan group (LSTG), and control group (CG). On Day 32 postsurgery, bladder capacity (BC), bladder compliance (ΔC), bladder leakage pressure (Pves.leak ) of TSNG and LSTG while BC, ΔC, and bladder threshold pressure (Pves.thre ) of CG were measured by cystometry in each cohort. Renal function and the expression quantity of Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang II) in blood were detected, in addition Ang II, Ang II Type 1 receptor (AT1), transformation growth factor β1 (TGFβ1), Collagen Ⅲ, and collagen fibrin in the bladder tissue were detected too. RESULTS ΔC in TSNG and LSTG decreased significantly compared to the CG. Pves.leak in TSNG and LSTG were significantly higher than Pves.thre in CG. Renal function of both TSNG and LSTG decreased significantly compared with the CG, but renal function in LSTG was better than in TSNG. Ang Ⅱ in blood and bladder tissue in TSNG and LSTG increased significantly compared with CG. AT1 was expressed in the bladder tissue of all rats. The TGFβ1, Collagen Ⅲ, and collagen fibrin expression level increased significantly in TSNG compared with LSTG and CG, while these levels were not significantly different between CG and LSTG. CONCLUSION Losartan might prevent NPB fibrosis by stopping the upregulated signaling of Ang II/AT1/TGFβ1 and consequently may reduce kidney damage from occurring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu L He
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China.,Pediatric surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jian G Wen
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing S Pu
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yi B Wen
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rong Q Zhai
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Er P Liu
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Dong Xing
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Feng P Ji
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xing H Yang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Qing W Wang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Stuart B Bauer
- Department of Urology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Qindan Capsule Attenuates Myocardial Hypertrophy and Fibrosis in Pressure Overload-Induced Mice Involving mTOR and TGF- β1/Smad Signaling Pathway Inhibition. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5577875. [PMID: 34007292 PMCID: PMC8102107 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5577875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Qindan capsule (QC), a traditional Chinese medicine compound, has been used to treat hypertension in the clinic for over 30 years. It is still not known about the effects of QC on pressure overload-induced cardiac remodeling. Hence, this study aims to investigate the effects of QC on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and heart failure in mice and to determine the possible mechanisms. Transverse aortic constriction (TAC) surgery was used to induce cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure in C57BL/6 mice. Mice were treated with QC or losartan for 8 weeks after TAC surgery. Cardiac function indexes were evaluated with transthoracic echocardiography. Cardiac pathology was detected using HE and Masson's trichrome staining. Cardiomyocyte ultrastructure was detected using transmission electron microscopy. Hypertrophy-related fetal gene expression was investigated using real-time RT-PCR. The expression of 8-OHdG and the concentration of MDA and Ang-II were assessed by immunohistochemistry stain and ELISA assay, respectively. The total and phosphorylated protein levels of mTOR, p70S6K, 4EBP1, Smad2, and Smad3 and the expression of TGF-β1 and collagen I were measured using western blot. The results showed that low- and high-dose QC improved pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. QC inhibited ANP, BNP, and β-MHC mRNA expression in failing hearts. QC improved myocardial ultrastructure after TAC surgery. Furthermore, QC downregulated the expression of 8-OHdG and the concentration of MDA, 15-F2t-IsoP, and Ang-II in heart tissues after TAC surgery. We also found that QC inhibited the phosphorylation of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4EBP1 and the expression of TGF-β1, p-Smad2, p-Smad3, and collagen I in pressure overload-induced failing hearts. These data indicate that QC has direct benefic effects on pressure overload-induced cardiac hypertrophy, fibrosis, and dysfunction. The protective effects of QC involve prevention of increased oxidative stress injury and Ang-II levels and inhibition of mTOR and TGF-β1/Smad pathways in failing hearts.
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Xiao Y, Deng J, Li C, Gong X, Gui Z, Huang J, Zhang Y, Liu Y, Ye X, Li X. Epiberberine ameliorated diabetic nephropathy by inactivating the angiotensinogen (Agt) to repress TGFβ/Smad2 pathway. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 83:153488. [PMID: 33571918 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a severe microvascular complication of diabetes with prominent morbidity and mortality. At present, there are hardly any effective drugs to treat DN. Epiberberine (EPI), an isoquinoline alkaloid, has attracted considerable attention due to its anti-hyperglycemic, anti-hyperlipidemic, and anti-inflammatory functions. However, whether there is a protective effect of EPI on DN has not been reported. PURPOSE The research was aimed to investigate the activities of EPI alleviating kidney damage in db/db mice and to explore its possible mechanisms. STUDY DESIGN The db/db mice and high-glucose (HG) induced glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs) were used to explore the protective effect of EPI on DN in vivo and in vitro. METHODS The changes in fasting blood glucose, metabolic index, renal function, and histopathological morphology in db/db mice were detected to evaluate the therapeutic effect of EPI. Then, renal transcriptome and molecular docking were used to screen the key targets. Subsequently, HG-induced GMCs through mimicing the pathological changes in DN were utilized to study the renal protective effects of EPI and its potential mechanism. RESULTS The results in vivo showed that EPI administration for 8 weeks significantly alleviated diabetes-related metabolic disorders, improved renal functions, and relieved the histopathological abnormalities of renal tissue, especially renal fibrosis in db/db mice. The results in vitro showed that EPI inhibited the proliferation and induced the G2/M phase arrest of HG-induced GMCs. Moreover, a key gene Angiotensinogen (Agt) was screen out by the RNA-seq of kidney and molecular docking, and EPI reduced Agt, TGFβ1, and Smad2 expression in vitro and in vivo. Noteworthy, Agt knockdown by siRNA significantly attenuated these beneficial efficacies exerted by EPI, indicating that Agt played a crucial role in the process of EPI improving DN. CONCLUSION These findings suggested that EPI might be a potential drug for the treatment of DN dependent on the Agt-TGFβ/Smad2 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaping Xiao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jianling Deng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Chunming Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaobao Gong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Zhenwei Gui
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jieyao Huang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Yaru Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xiaoli Ye
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Resource Conservation and Germplasm Innovation, School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xuegang Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences. Translational Pharmacy Center of Medical Research Institute. Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China.
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Poasakate A, Maneesai P, Rattanakanokchai S, Bunbupha S, Tong-Un T, Pakdeechote P. Genistein Prevents Nitric Oxide Deficiency-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction and Remodeling in Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020237. [PMID: 33557258 PMCID: PMC7914683 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genistein is an isoflavone found in soybeans. This study evaluates the protective effects of genistein on Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME)-induced hypertension, cardiac remodeling, and dysfunction in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with L-NAME 40 mg/kg/day together for 5 weeks, with or without genistein at a dose of 40 or 80 mg/kg/day or lisinopril 5 mg/kg/day (n = 8 per group). Genistein prevented L-NAME-induced hypertension in rats. Increases in the left ventricular weight, metalloproteinase-2, metalloproteinase-9, and collagen type I intensity were observed in L-NAME rats, and these changes were attenuated in the genistein-treated group. Genistein reduced circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme activity and angiotensin II concentrations in L-NAME rats. L-NAME increased plasma and cardiac malondialdehyde and vascular superoxide generations, as well as reductions of serum and cardiac catalase activities in rats. Plasma nitrate/nitrite were protected in the genistein-treated group. Genistein prevented the L-NAME-induced overexpression of angiotensin II receptor type I (AT1R), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase subunit 2 (gp91phox), and transforming growth factor beta I (TGF-β1) in hypertensive rats. In conclusion, genistein exhibited a cardioprotective effect in hypertensive rats in this study. The molecular mechanisms might be mediated by suppression of oxidative stress through the Ang II/AT1R/NADPH oxidase/TGF-β1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuson Poasakate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
| | - Putcharawipa Maneesai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
| | | | - Sarawoot Bunbupha
- Faculty of Medicine, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham 44000, Thailand;
| | - Terdthai Tong-Un
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
| | - Poungrat Pakdeechote
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand; (A.P.); (P.M.); (T.T.-U.)
- Research Institute for Human High Performance and Health Promotion, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-86-852-6060; Fax: +66-4334-8394
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Di Gregorio J, Robuffo I, Spalletta S, Giambuzzi G, De Iuliis V, Toniato E, Martinotti S, Conti P, Flati V. The Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition as a Possible Therapeutic Target in Fibrotic Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:607483. [PMID: 33409282 PMCID: PMC7779530 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.607483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a chronic and progressive disorder characterized by excessive deposition of extracellular matrix, which leads to scarring and loss of function of the affected organ or tissue. Indeed, the fibrotic process affects a variety of organs and tissues, with specific molecular background. However, two common hallmarks are shared: the crucial role of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) and the involvement of the inflammation process, that is essential for initiating the fibrotic degeneration. TGF-β in particular but also other cytokines regulate the most common molecular mechanism at the basis of fibrosis, the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT). EMT has been extensively studied, but not yet fully explored as a possible therapeutic target for fibrosis. A deeper understanding of the crosstalk between fibrosis and EMT may represent an opportunity for the development of a broadly effective anti-fibrotic therapy. Here we report the evidences of the relationship between EMT and multi-organ fibrosis, and the possible therapeutic approaches that may be developed by exploiting this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Gregorio
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
| | - Iole Robuffo
- Institute of Molecular Genetics, National Research Council, Section of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sonia Spalletta
- Department of Clinical Pathology, E. Profili Hospital, Fabriano, Ancona, Italy
| | - Giulia Giambuzzi
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Iuliis
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Elena Toniato
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Martinotti
- Department of Medical and Oral Sciences and Biotechnologies, University “G. d’Annunzio”, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pio Conti
- Postgraduate Medical School, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Flati
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
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Tao B, Liu Z, Wei F, Fan S, Cui S, Xia H, Xu L. Over-expression of Kv4.3 gene reverses cardiac remodeling and transient-outward K + current (Ito) reduction via CaMKII inhibition in myocardial infarction. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110896. [PMID: 33254430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous study has shown that Kv4.3, a main coding subunit generating cardiac transient-outward K+ current (Ito), can inhibit Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) activity. Based on these observations, we speculate that over-expression of Kv4.3 gene could reverse not only Ito reduction but also cardiac remodeling in the rat myocardial infarction (MI) model. METHODS AND RESULTS Healthy male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were used to establish MI model by ligation of left anterior descending coronary artery, and adenovirus integrated with Kv4.3 gene (AD-Kv4.3) was delivered in infarct border zone by intramyocardial injection. The hearts were harvested for histological analysis (HE or Masson trichrome staining), western blot or patch clamp 4 weeks after MI. Our data showed that the application of AD-Kv4.3 could reduce myocardial infarct size and fibrosis, and its cardioprotective effects were similar with medicine therapy (combination of metoprolol and captopril). Moreover, Kv4.3 over-expression significantly improved MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and enhanced Ito density while decreasing corrected QT (QTc) intervals and cardiac electrophysiological instability. Western blot showed that Kv4.3 transfection reduced CaMKII, PLB-17 and ryanodine receptor2 (RyR2 Ser2814) phosphorylation level, at same time increased SERCA2 expression dramatically. CONCLUSION Over-expression of Kv4.3 can not only attenuate cardiac electrophysiological instability and cardiac performance, but also reduce myocardial infarct area and cardiac fibrosis. Like traditional anti-remodeling therapy-angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) combined with β-adrenergic receptor blocker, over-expression of Kv4.3 seems to be an effective and safe therapy for both structural and electrical remodeling induced by MI via CaMKII inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Zhebo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430000, PR China
| | - Fang Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Suzhen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shengyu Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, PR China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China.
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Tian X, Sun C, Wang X, Ma K, Chang Y, Guo Z, Si J. ANO1 regulates cardiac fibrosis via ATI-mediated MAPK pathway. Cell Calcium 2020; 92:102306. [PMID: 33075549 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is associated with most of heart diseases, but its molecular mechanism remains unclear. Anoctamin-1 (ANO1), a calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) protein, plays a critical role in various pathophysiological processes. In the current study, we identified ANO1 expression in myocardial infarction (MI) model of rat and verified the role of ANO1 in cardiac fibrosis using transcriptomics combined with RNAi assays. we found that ANO1 expression was increased during the first two weeks, and decreased in the third week after MI. Fluorescence double labeling showed that ANO1 was mainly expressed in cardiac fibroblasts (CFs) and displayed an increased expression in CFs with proliferation tendency. The proliferation and secretion of CFs were markedly inhibited by knockdown of ANO1. RNA-Seq showed that most of the downregulation genes were related to the proliferation of CFs and cardiac fibrosis. After ANO1 knockdown, the expressions of angiotensin II type 1 receptor (AT1R) and cell nuclear proliferation antigen were markedly reduced, and the phosphorylation levels of MEK and ERK1/2 was decreased significantly, indicating that ANO1 regulate cardiac fibrosis through ATIR-mediated MAPK signaling pathway. These findings would be useful for the development of therapeutic strategies targeting ANO1 to treat and prevent cardiac fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangqin Tian
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China; Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Changye Sun
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianwei Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ketao Ma
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuqiao Chang
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhikun Guo
- Henan Key Laboratory of Medical Tissue Regeneration, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, People's Republic of China.
| | - Junqiang Si
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Shihezi University, Shihezi, People's Republic of China.
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田 格, 赵 明, 周 骏, 权 月, 吴 文, 刘 小. [The potential role of calnexin in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts]. SHENG WU YI XUE GONG CHENG XUE ZA ZHI = JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING = SHENGWU YIXUE GONGCHENGXUE ZAZHI 2020; 37:450-459. [PMID: 32597087 PMCID: PMC10319564 DOI: 10.7507/1001-5515.202001052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Calnexin is a lectin-like molecular chaperone protein on the endoplasmic reticulum, mediating unfolded protein responses, the endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ homeostasis, and Ca 2+ signals conduction. In recent years, studies have found that calnexin plays a key role in the heart diseases. This study aims to explore the role of calnexin in the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. A transverse aortic constriction (TAC) mouse model was established to observe the activation of cardiac fibroblasts in vivo, and the in vitro cardiac fibroblasts activation model was established by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1) stimulation. The adenovirus was respectively used to gene overexpression and silencing calnexin in cardiac fibroblasts to elucidate the relationship between calnexin and cardiac fibroblasts activation, as well as the possible underlying mechanism. We confirmed the establishment of TAC model by echocardiography, hematoxylin-eosin, Masson, and Sirius red staining, and detecting the expression of cardiac fibrosis markers in cardiac tissues. After TGFβ1 stimulation, markers of the activation of cardiac fibroblast, and proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblast were detected by quantitative PCR, Western blot, EdU assay, and wound healing assay respectively. The results showed that the calnexin expression was reduced in both the TAC mice model and the activated cardiac fibroblasts. The overexpression of calnexin relieved cardiac fibroblasts activation, in contrast, the silencing of calnexin promoted cardiac fibroblasts activation. Furthermore, we found that the endoplasmic reticulum stress was activated during cardiac fibroblasts activation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress was relieved after overexpression of calnexin. Conversely, after the silencing of calnexin, endoplasmic reticulum stress was further aggravated, accompanying with the activation of cardiac fibroblasts. Our data suggest that the overexpression of calnexin may prevent cardiac fibroblasts against activation by alleviating endoplasmic reticulum stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- 格尔 田
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 明月 赵
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 骏腾 周
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 月 权
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 文超 吴
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
| | - 小菁 刘
- 四川大学华西医院 再生医学研究中心 心血管疾病研究室(成都 610041)Laboratory of Cardiovascular Diseases, Regenerative Medicine Research Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
- 四川大学华西医院 心内科(成都 610041)Department of Cardiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R.China
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Cheng F, Zhou Y, Wang M, Guo C, Cao Z, Zhang R, Peng C. A review of pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of stachydrine. Pharmacol Res 2020; 155:104755. [PMID: 32173585 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Stachydrine is extracted from the leaves of Leonurus japonicus Houtt (or Motherwort, "Yi Mu Cao" in Traditional Chinese Medicine) and is the major bioactive ingredient. So far, stachydrine has demonstrated various bioactivities for the treatment of fibrosis, cardiovascular diseases, cancers, uterine diseases, brain injuries, and inflammation. The pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties of stachydrine up to 2019 have been comprehensively searched and summarized. This review provides an updated summary of recent studies on the pharmacological activities of stachydrine. Many studies have demonstrated that stachydrine has strong anti-fibrotic properties (on various types of fibrosis) by inhibiting ECM deposition and decreasing inflammatory and oxidative stress through multiple molecular mechanisms (including TGF-β, ERS-mediated apoptosis, MMPs/TIMPs, NF-κB, and JAK/STAT). The cardioprotective and vasoprotective activities of stachydrine are related to its inhibition of β-MHC, excessive autophagy, SIRT1, eNOS uncoupling and TF, promotion of SERCA, and angiogenesis. In addition to its anticancer action, regulation of the uterus, neuroprotective effects, etc. the pharmacokinetic properties of stachydrine are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yanxi Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; Library, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China
| | - Miao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Chuanjie Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhixing Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China
| | - Ruoqi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China.
| | - Cheng Peng
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Characteristic Chinese Medicine Resources in Southwest China, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Chengdu, China; School of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China.
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Morphological and Functional Characteristics of Animal Models of Myocardial Fibrosis Induced by Pressure Overload. Int J Hypertens 2020; 2020:3014693. [PMID: 32099670 PMCID: PMC7013318 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3014693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis is characterized by excessive deposition of myocardial interstitial collagen, abnormal distribution, and excessive proliferation of fibroblasts. According to the researches in recent years, myocardial fibrosis, as the pathological basis of various cardiovascular diseases, has been proven to be a core determinant in ventricular remodeling. Pressure load is one of the causes of myocardial fibrosis. In experimental models of pressure-overload-induced myocardial fibrosis, significant increase in left ventricular parameters such as interventricular septal thickness and left ventricular posterior wall thickness and the decrease of ejection fraction are some of the manifestations of cardiac damage. These morphological and functional changes have a serious impact on the maintenance of physiological functions. Therefore, establishing a suitable myocardial fibrosis model is the basis of its pathogenesis research. This paper will discuss the methods of establishing myocardial fibrosis model and compare the advantages and disadvantages of the models in order to provide a strong basis for establishing a myocardial fibrosis model.
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Xie X, Yang C, Cui Q, Ma W, Liu J, Yao Q, Zhang Z, Xiao L, Wang N. Stachydrine Mediates Rapid Vascular Relaxation: Activation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Involving AMP-Activated Protein Kinase and Akt Phosphorylation in Vascular Endothelial Cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9805-9811. [PMID: 31407895 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Stachydrine (STA) is a constituent of citrus fruits and Leonurus heterophyllus Sweet. In the present study, we established that STA caused acute endothelium-dependent relaxation. The vascular action of STA was mediated by nitric oxide (NO) via cyclic guanosine monophosphate. Mechanistically, STA activated AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), protein kinase B/Akt, and endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). AMPK inhibition by compound C blocked STA-induced Akt/eNOS phosphorylation, suggesting that AMPK is the upstream of Akt and eNOS. Inhibition of Akt by MK2206 blocked STA-stimulated eNOS phosphorylation without altering AMPK phosphorylation. Furthermore, we showed that STA activated AMPK via the induction of liver kinase B1 phosphorylation. These results indicated that STA can induce eNOS phosphorylation and vasorelaxation by regulating the interplay between AMPK and Akt pathways in ECs. These findings further highlighted the potential of STA as a nutritional factor in the beneficial effects of fruit intake in preventing the endothelial dysfunction-related metabolic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinya Xie
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Chunmiao Yang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | | | - Wen Ma
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Jia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Qinyu Yao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Zihui Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
| | - Lei Xiao
- Cardiovascular Research Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences , Xi'an Jiaotong University , Xi'an 710061 , China
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